1
וּמִן הַתְּכֵ֤לֶת וְהָֽאַרְגָּמָן֙ וְתוֹלַ֣עַת הַשָּׁנִ֔י עָשׂ֥וּ בִגְדֵי שְׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֞וּ אֶת בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאַהֲרֹ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת מֹשֶֽׁה
From the blue, purple, and scarlet yarn they made finely worked garments for ministering in the holy place, and they made the holy garments that were for Aaron, just as YHWH had commanded Moses.
The chapter opens with a fronted partitive phrase ('from the blue...') before the main verb, echoing the instruction of Exod 28:1-5; the closing 'as YHWH commanded Moses' refrain (repeated at vv.5,7,21,26,29,31,32,42) frames the whole chapter as a report of faithful execution answering chs. 28 and 39's design.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וּמִןand fromconj וְ + prep מִן · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase (source, fronted partitive)מִן (H4480) 'from, out of, some of'; partitive, marking the source-materials that head this summary sentence.
הַתְּכֵ֤לֶתthe blue [yarn]art + N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Object of partitive מִן (first material)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504) 'violet-blue [wool]', a costly dye from the murex snail; one of the three sanctuary colors with purple and crimson.
וְהָֽאַרְגָּמָן֙and the purple [yarn]conj וְ + art + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Object of partitive מִן (second material, coordinate)אַרְגָּמָן (H713) 'purple [wool]', another costly murex dye; paired throughout the tabernacle texts with תְּכֵלֶת and שָׁנִי.
וְתוֹלַ֣עַתand [the] worm-stuff ofconj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Construct head (third material, coordinate)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438) 'worm, crimson stuff'; in construct with שָׁנִי forms the fixed phrase 'crimson/scarlet [yarn],' dye from the scale insect (kermes).
הַשָּׁנִ֔יthe scarletart + N m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Construct-genitive completing תּוֹלַעַת הַשָּׁנִישָׁנִי (H8144) 'scarlet, crimson'; with תּוֹלַעַת denotes the red dye and the yarn dyed with it.
עָשׂ֥וּthey madeQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, perfect stating the result)→ Perfective: a completed act of manufacture, summarizing the whole craft processעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make, do'; the chapter's dominant execution-verb, recurring as the 'so they made / so he made' refrain that answers the instructions of chs. 28 and 39's design.
בִגְדֵיgarments ofN m pl constr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object (construct head)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment, cloth'; here in construct with שְׂרָד, 'finely worked garments.'
שְׂרָ֖דfinely worked service-clothN m sg abs · שְׂרָד (H8278)Genitive qualifying בִגְדֵי (construct chain)שְׂרָד (H8278), a rare technical term (elsewhere only Exod 31:10; 35:19) for the finely plaited/woven vestments used in cultic ministry.
לְשָׁרֵ֣תto ministerprep לְ + Piel inf constr · שָׁרַת (H8334)Purpose infinitival clause (modifying בִגְדֵי שְׂרָד)→ Infinitive of purpose: the intended function of the garmentsשָׁרַת (H8334) Piel 'to minister, serve'; used throughout of priestly cultic service.
בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁin the sanctuaryprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Locative prepositional phraseקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, holy place'; here the sanctuary precinct where priestly service is performed.
וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֞וּand they madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (resuming main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance restating the act of makingעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; the wayyiqtol form picks up the narrative line after the fronted materials clause.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking the definite direct object; untranslated in English.
בִּגְדֵ֤יgarments ofN m pl constr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object (construct head)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'; construct with הַקֹּדֶשׁ, 'the holy garments.'
הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙the holy [garments]art + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chainקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness'; attributive genitive, 'garments of holiness' = sacred vestments.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (introducing the relative clause on בִּגְדֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ)אֲשֶׁר (H834), the indeclinable Hebrew relative particle 'who, which, that,' here introducing 'which were for Aaron.'
לְאַהֲרֹ֔ןwere for Aaronprep לְ + proper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Predicate prepositional phrase (possession/purpose) within the relative clauseאַהֲרֹן (H175), Moses' brother, the first high priest, for whom these vestments were made.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רjust asprep כְּ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunction introducing the compliance clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (k/H834) 'just as, according as'; introduces the fixed compliance refrain closing this unit.
צִוָּ֥הhe commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the subordinate compliance clause→ Perfective: the prior, completed divine command being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680) Piel 'to command'; the verb of the refrain 'as YHWH commanded Moses,' anchoring execution to the original instruction (chs. 25-31).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God; subject of every occurrence of the command-refrain.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object of צִוָּה)אֵת (H853), marking מֹשֶׁה as the definite direct object of the command.
מֹשֶֽׁהMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872), the mediator who received and passed on YHWH's instructions for the tabernacle and its vestments.
2
וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת הָאֵפֹ֑ד זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר
He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely twisted linen.
Singular subject (the craftsman Bezalel, cf. 37:1) begins the itemized report; the five materials list mirrors Exod 28:6 verbatim, confirming exact compliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיַּ֖עַשׂand he madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the ephod's manufactureעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; the singular subject (Bezalel, the master craftsman of 37:1) now made the ephod.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marking הָאֵפֹד as the definite direct object.
הָאֵפֹ֑דthe ephodart + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Direct objectאֵפוֹד (H646), the high priest's ornate outer vestment of two joined panels, bearing the shoulder-stones and the breastpiece; described at length in Exod 28:6-14.
זָהָ֗בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Material in apposition (first of five materials)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; here beaten into thread (v.3) and woven in with the dyed yarns -- the only garment with gold thread.
תְּכֵ֧לֶתblue [yarn]N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Material in apposition (second material)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504) 'blue-violet [wool]'; see v.1.
וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ןand purple [yarn]conj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Material in apposition (third material)אַרְגָּמָן (H713) 'purple [wool]'; see v.1.
וְתוֹלַ֥עַתand worm-stuff ofconj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Material in apposition, construct head (fourth material)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438); construct with שָׁנִי, 'crimson/scarlet [yarn].'
שָׁנִ֖יscarletN m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive completing תּוֹלַעַתשָׁנִי (H8144) 'scarlet, crimson'; see v.1.
וְשֵׁ֥שׁand fine linen,conj וְ + N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Material in apposition (fifth material)שֵׁשׁ (H8336) 'fine [Egyptian] linen'; the finest available textile, the base fabric of all the priestly garments.
מָשְׁזָֽרtwistedHophal ptc ms abs · שָׁזַר (H7806)Attributive participle qualifying שֵׁשׁ→ Passive participle: the resultant state of the twined linen threadשָׁזַר (H7806) Hophal 'twisted, twined'; describes linen thread spun from several twisted strands for extra strength and sheen.
3
וַֽיְרַקְּע֞וּ אֶת פַּחֵ֣י הַזָּהָב֮ וְקִצֵּ֣ץ פְּתִילִם֒ לַעֲשׂ֗וֹת בְּת֤וֹךְ הַתְּכֵ֨לֶת֙ וּבְת֣וֹךְ הָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ן וּבְת֛וֹךְ תּוֹלַ֥עַת הַשָּׁנִ֖י וּבְת֣וֹךְ הַשֵּׁ֑שׁ מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה חֹשֵֽׁב
They hammered out sheets of gold and cut them into threads, to work them into the blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and into the fine linen -- the work of a skilled designer.
A rare technical aside describing metallurgical process (hammering, cutting) not given in the ch.28 instructions, illustrating how gold thread was actually woven into the fabric.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַֽיְרַקְּע֞וּand they hammered outconj וַ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · רָקַע (H7554)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance describing the goldsmithing techniqueרָקַע (H7554) Piel 'to beat/hammer out, spread thin'; the technical verb for flattening metal into sheets (cf. Isa 40:19).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marking פַּחֵי הַזָּהָב as the definite direct object.
פַּחֵ֣יsheets ofN m pl constr · פַּח (H6341)Direct object (construct head)פַּח (H6341) 'thin plate, sheet [of metal]'; here the gold sheets beaten out for cutting into thread.
הַזָּהָב֮the gold,art + N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; see v.2.
וְקִצֵּ֣ץand he cutconj וְ + Piel perf 3ms · קָצַץ (H7112)Coordinate predicate verb (perfect continuing the sequence)→ Perfective: a further completed step in the process, coordinate with the wayyiqtolקָצַץ (H7112) Piel 'to cut off, cut into pieces'; the gold sheets were cut into fine strips or threads.
פְּתִילִם֒threadsN m pl abs · פָּתִיל (H6616)Direct object (resultative product)פָּתִיל (H6616) 'cord, thread, wire'; here the fine gold wire/thread cut from the hammered sheets.
לַעֲשׂ֗וֹתto work [it]prep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Purpose infinitival clause→ Infinitive of purpose: the intended use of the gold threadעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make, work'; here of weaving the gold thread in among the colored yarns.
בְּת֤וֹךְinto the midst ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Locative prepositional phrase (construct head)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst, middle'; construct phrase 'in the midst of' = interwoven among.
הַתְּכֵ֨לֶת֙the blue [yarn]art + N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Genitive completing the construct chainתְּכֵלֶת (H8504); see v.1.
וּבְת֣וֹךְand into the midst ofconj וְ + prep בְּ + N m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Locative prepositional phrase, coordinateתָּוֶךְ (H8432); repeated distributively for each of the four yarns/threads.
הָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ןthe purple [yarn],art + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Genitive completing the construct chainאַרְגָּמָן (H713); see v.1.
וּבְת֛וֹךְand into the midst ofconj וְ + prep בְּ + N m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Locative prepositional phrase, coordinateתָּוֶךְ (H8432); see above.
תּוֹלַ֥עַתworm-stuff ofN f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Genitive, construct headתּוֹלַעַת (H8438); see v.1.
הַשָּׁנִ֖יthe scarlet,art + N m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive completing the construct chainשָׁנִי (H8144); see v.1.
וּבְת֣וֹךְand into the midst ofconj וְ + prep בְּ + N m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Locative prepositional phrase, coordinateתָּוֶךְ (H8432); see above.
הַשֵּׁ֑שׁthe fine linen,art + N m sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Genitive completing the construct chainשֵׁשׁ (H8336); see v.2.
מַעֲשֵׂ֖הthe work ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Apposition, summarizing the craft (construct head)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'work, product, craftsmanship'; the recurring formula 'work of a designer/weaver' certifies the highest skill-grade of workmanship.
חֹשֵֽׁבa skilled designer.Qal ptc ms abs · חָשַׁב (H2803)Genitive completing the construct chain (substantival participle)→ Participle used substantivally: a settled professional role, not a single actחָשַׁב (H2803) 'to think, devise'; the participle חֹשֵׁב denotes the master craftsman who designs the elaborate multicolor weave (cf. Exod 28:6).
4
כְּתֵפֹ֥ת עָֽשׂוּ ל֖וֹ חֹבְרֹ֑ת עַל שְׁנֵ֥י קצוותו קְצוֹתָ֖יו חֻבָּֽר
They made shoulder-pieces for it, joined together; at its two edges it was joined.
Asyndetic opening (fronted object כְּתֵפֹת) followed by an explanatory participial and then a summarizing passive clause -- a small a-b-a' structure describing the joint.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כְּתֵפֹ֥תShoulder-piecesN f pl abs · כָּתֵף (H3802)Fronted direct object (casus pendens, resumed by ל֖וֹ)כָּתֵף (H3802) 'shoulder'; here the two shoulder-straps of the ephod that join front and back panels.
עָֽשׂוּthey madeQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act of manufactureעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; see v.1.
ל֖וֹfor it,prep לְ + 3ms suffix · לְIndirect object (resumptive pronoun for the fronted noun)The preposition לְ with 3ms suffix, 'for it,' resuming כְּתֵפֹת and referring back to הָאֵפֹד.
חֹבְרֹ֑תjoined together;Qal ptc fp abs · חָבַר (H2266)Predicate adjective/participle describing the shoulder-pieces→ Participle: the ongoing, structural state of being joinedחָבַר (H2266) 'to join, unite'; the participle describes the shoulder-pieces as joined/attached pieces.
עַלatprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase (introducing the point of joining)עַל (H5921) 'on, at, upon'; marks the location of the joint.
שְׁנֵ֥יtwonumeral, dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying קְצוֹתָיו (construct)שְׁנַיִם/שְׁתַּיִם (H8147) 'two'; in construct with 'its edges.'
קצוותוits edges [ketiv]N f pl constr/3ms suffix · קָצָה (H7117)Genitive completing the construct chain (Ketiv reading)Ketiv קצוותו, an alternate spelling of 'its ends/edges,' corrected by the Qere to קְצוֹתָיו; both point to H7098 קָצֶה 'end, edge.'
קְצוֹתָ֖יוits edges [qere]N com pl constr/3ms suffix · קָצָה (H7098)Genitive completing the construct chain (Qere reading)קָצֶה/קָצוֹת (H7098) 'end, edge, extremity'; the Qere vocalization read aloud in place of the Ketiv form immediately preceding.
חֻבָּֽרit was joined.Pual perf 3ms · חָבַר (H2266)Predicate verb (main clause, resultative passive)→ Perfective passive: the finished, structural state of unionחָבַר (H2266) Pual 'was joined'; the passive counterpart to the participle above, stating the completed result.
5
וְחֵ֨שֶׁב אֲפֻדָּת֜וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֗יו מִמֶּ֣נּוּ הוּא֮ כְּמַעֲשֵׂהוּ֒ זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת מֹשֶֽׁה
The skillfully woven band of its ephod-band, which was on it, was of the same material as it -- of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely twisted linen -- just as YHWH had commanded Moses.
The first occurrence of the compliance refrain in this unit; the ambiguous מִמֶּנּוּ (from us/from it) is resolved by context and by Exod 28:8 to mean 'of the same [material] as the ephod.'
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְחֵ֨שֶׁבAnd the skillfully woven band ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · חֵשֶׁב (H2805)Fronted subject, construct head (casus pendens)חֵשֶׁב (H2805) 'skillfully woven band'; the decorative waistband woven as one piece with the ephod, used to tie it on (Exod 28:8).
אֲפֻדָּת֜וֹits ephod-band,N f sg constr/3ms suffix · אֵפֻדָּה (H642)Genitive completing the construct chainאֵפֻדָּה (H642), a rare variant form related to אֵפוֹד, denoting the woven band that is structurally part of the ephod.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (introducing עָלָיו)אֲשֶׁר (H834); see v.1.
עָלָ֗יו[was] on it,prep עַל + 3ms suffix · עַל (H5921)Predicate prepositional phrase within the relative clauseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; describes the band's position on the ephod.
מִמֶּ֣נּוּof the same [material]prep מִן + 1cp/3ms suffix · מִן (H4480)Predicate prepositional phrase (source, resumed by הוּא)מִן (H4480) 'from'; the Masoretic pointing is ambiguous between 1cp 'from us' and 3ms 'from it,' but sense and parallel (Exod 28:8) require 'of the same [material] as it,' i.e. cut from the same fabric as the ephod.
הוּא֮it [was]3ms independent pronoun · הוּא (H1931)Subject / resumptive pronoun (predicate nominative)הוּא (H1931) 'he, it'; resumes the fronted subject חֵשֶׁב אֲפֻדָּתוֹ, emphasizing identity.
כְּמַעֲשֵׂהוּ֒according to its workmanship:prep כְּ + N m sg constr/3ms suffix · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Comparative prepositional phrase (manner)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'work, workmanship'; 'according to its work' = made in the same style/technique as the ephod itself.
זָהָ֗בgold,N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Material in apposition (first of five)זָהָב (H2091); see v.2.
תְּכֵ֧לֶתblue [yarn],N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Material in apposition (second)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504); see v.1.
וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ןand purple [yarn],conj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Material in apposition (third)אַרְגָּמָן (H713); see v.1.
וְתוֹלַ֥עַתand worm-stuff ofconj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Material in apposition, construct head (fourth)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438); see v.1.
שָׁנִ֖יscarlet,N m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive completing the construct chainשָׁנִי (H8144); see v.1.
וְשֵׁ֣שׁand fine linen,conj וְ + N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Material in apposition (fifth)שֵׁשׁ (H8336); see v.2.
מָשְׁזָ֑רtwisted,Hophal ptc ms abs · שָׁזַר (H7806)Attributive participle qualifying שֵׁשׁ→ Passive participle: the resultant twined state of the linen threadשָׁזַר (H7806); see v.2.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רjust asprep כְּ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunction introducing the compliance clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (k/H834); see v.1, the fixed refrain.
צִוָּ֥הhe commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the subordinate compliance clause→ Perfective: the prior, completed divine command being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680); see v.1.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); see v.1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see v.1.
מֹשֶֽׁהMoses.proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872); see v.1.
6
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ אֶת אַבְנֵ֣י הַשֹּׁ֔הַם מֻֽסַבֹּ֖ת מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב מְפֻתָּחֹת֙ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חוֹתָ֔ם עַל שְׁמ֖וֹת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל
They made the onyx stones, set in gold filigree settings, engraved like the engravings of a signet, with the names of the sons of Israel.
Two participles (מֻסַבֹּת, מְפֻתָּחֹת) stack up to describe the stones' finished state before the purpose clause (v.7) explains their function.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙And they madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the shoulder-stonesעָשָׂה (H6213); see v.1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see v.1.
אַבְנֵ֣יthe stones ofN f pl constr · אֶבֶן (H68)Direct object, construct headאֶבֶן (H68) 'stone'; construct with הַשֹּׁהַם, 'the onyx stones.'
הַשֹּׁ֔הַםthe onyx,art + N m sg abs · שֹׁהַם (H7718)Genitive completing the construct chainשֹׁהַם (H7718), a precious stone (identity debated: onyx, carnelian, or malachite); one on each shoulder-piece, engraved with six tribal names apiece (cf. Exod 28:9-10).
מֻֽסַבֹּ֖תenclosedHophal ptc fp abs · סָבַב (H4142)Attributive participle modifying אַבְנֵי הַשֹּׁהַם→ Passive participle: the resultant state of being set/surroundedסָבַב (H4142) Hophal 'turned around, enclosed, set'; describes the stones as encircled/mounted in their gold settings.
מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣תin filigree settings ofN f pl constr · מִשְׁבֶּצֶת (H4865)Genitive/material specifying the enclosure (construct head)מִשְׁבֶּצֶת (H4865) 'filigree setting, socket'; the ornamental gold mounting into which each gemstone is set.
זָהָ֑בgold,N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091); see v.2.
מְפֻתָּחֹת֙engravedPual ptc fp abs · פָּתַח (H6605)Attributive participle, coordinate with מֻסַבֹּת→ Passive participle: the resultant state of being carved/engravedפָּתַח (H6605) Pual 'engraved, carved'; describes the incising of names into the stones' surface.
פִּתּוּחֵ֣יwith the engravings ofN m pl constr · פִּתּוּחַ (H6603)Adverbial accusative of manner (construct head)פִּתּוּחַ (H6603) 'engraving, carving'; construct with חוֹתָם, 'engravings of a signet' = seal-cutting technique.
חוֹתָ֔םa signet,N m sg abs · חוֹתָם (H2368)Genitive completing the construct chainחוֹתָם (H2368) 'seal, signet'; the fine, deep-cut engraving style used on seal-stones is applied here to the names.
עַלwithprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (accompaniment/content)עַל (H5921); here marking the content inscribed 'upon/with' the stones.
שְׁמ֖וֹתthe names ofN m pl constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Object of עַל, construct headשֵׁם (H8034) 'name'; construct chain 'the names of the sons of Israel.'
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive, construct headבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct with יִשְׂרָאֵל.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsrael.proper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant nation, whose twelve tribal names are carried into the sanctuary on the priest's shoulders.
7
וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹתָ֗ם עַ֚ל כִּתְפֹ֣ת הָאֵפֹ֔ד אַבְנֵ֥י זִכָּר֖וֹן לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת מֹשֶֽׁה
He set them on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel, just as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Explains why the stones were engraved: to serve as a perpetual memorial before YHWH, echoing Exod 28:12; closes the ephod unit (vv.2-7) with the refrain.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיָּ֣שֶׂםAnd he setconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שׂוּם (H7760)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance describing the mounting of the stonesשׂוּם (H7760) 'to put, place, set'; here of fixing the finished stones onto the ephod.
אֹתָ֗םthemobj marker/3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object (pronominal)אֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix functions as the pronoun 'them,' referring to the two onyx stones.
עַ֚לonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921); see v.4.
כִּתְפֹ֣תthe shoulder-pieces ofN f pl constr · כָּתֵף (H3802)Object of עַל, construct headכָּתֵף (H3802); see v.4.
הָאֵפֹ֔דthe ephodart + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Genitive completing the construct chainאֵפוֹד (H646); see v.2.
אַבְנֵ֥יas memorial stonesN f pl constr · אֶבֶן (H68)Adverbial accusative (apposition, purpose)אֶבֶן (H68); construct with זִכָּרוֹן, 'memorial stones.'
זִכָּר֖וֹןof remembranceN m sg abs · זִכָּרוֹן (H2146)Genitive completing the construct chainזִכָּרוֹן (H2146) 'memorial, remembrance'; the stones perpetually bring Israel's tribes before YHWH as Aaron ministers (cf. Exod 28:12).
לִבְנֵ֣יfor the sons ofprep לְ + N m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Dative of interest (construct head)בֵּן (H1121); see v.6.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsrael,proper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); see v.6.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רjust asprep כְּ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunction introducing the compliance clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (k/H834); the fixed refrain, see v.1.
צִוָּ֥הhe commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the subordinate compliance clause→ Perfective: the prior, completed divine command being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680); see v.1.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); see v.1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see v.1.
מֹשֶֽׁהMoses.proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872); see v.1.
8
וַיַּ֧עַשׂ אֶת הַחֹ֛שֶׁן מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵׁ֖ב כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֵפֹ֑ד זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר
He made the breastpiece, the work of a skilled designer, like the work of an ephod: of gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and finely twisted linen.
Begins the longest single-item report in the chapter; the materials list again matches the ephod's exactly, underscoring the breastpiece's unity of design with it.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיַּ֧עַשׂAnd he madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the breastpieceעָשָׂה (H6213); see v.1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see v.1.
הַחֹ֛שֶׁןthe breastpiece,art + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Direct objectחֹשֶׁן (H2833), the ornate pouch worn over the ephod bearing the twelve gemstones and the Urim and Thummim (Exod 28:15-30).
מַעֲשֵׂ֥הthe work ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Apposition (construct head)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639); see v.3.
חֹשֵׁ֖בa skilled designer,Qal ptc ms abs · חָשַׁב (H2803)Genitive completing the construct chain (substantival participle)→ Participle used substantivally: a settled professional roleחָשַׁב (H2803); see v.3.
כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣הlike the work ofprep כְּ + N m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Comparative prepositional phrase (construct head)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639); comparing the breastpiece's craftsmanship-grade to the ephod's.
אֵפֹ֑דan ephod:N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Genitive completing the construct chainאֵפוֹד (H646); see v.2.
זָהָ֗בgold,N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Material in apposition (first of five)זָהָב (H2091); see v.2.
תְּכֵ֧לֶתblue [yarn],N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Material in apposition (second)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504); see v.1.
וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ןand purple [yarn],conj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Material in apposition (third)אַרְגָּמָן (H713); see v.1.
וְתוֹלַ֥עַתand worm-stuff ofconj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Material in apposition, construct head (fourth)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438); see v.1.
שָׁנִ֖יscarlet,N m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive completing the construct chainשָׁנִי (H8144); see v.1.
וְשֵׁ֥שׁand fine linen,conj וְ + N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Material in apposition (fifth)שֵׁשׁ (H8336); see v.2.
מָשְׁזָֽרtwisted.Hophal ptc ms abs · שָׁזַר (H7806)Attributive participle qualifying שֵׁשׁ→ Passive participle: the resultant twined state of the linen threadשָׁזַר (H7806); see v.2.
9
רָב֧וּעַ הָיָ֛ה כָּפ֖וּל עָשׂ֣וּ אֶת הַחֹ֑שֶׁן זֶ֧רֶת אָרְכּ֛וֹ וְזֶ֥רֶת רָחְבּ֖וֹ כָּפֽוּל
It was square; they made the breastpiece doubled, a span its length and a span its width, doubled.
כָּפוּל 'doubled' brackets the verse (inclusio), emphasizing the pouch-like fold that would hold the Urim and Thummim (cf. Exod 28:16, 30).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
רָב֧וּעַSquareQal pass ptc ms abs · רָבַע (H7251)Predicate adjective (fronted, describing the breastpiece)→ Passive participle used statively: the fixed shape-quality of the finished objectרָבַע (H7251) Qal passive 'squared'; the breastpiece's basic shape.
הָיָ֛הit was;Qal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (copular, main clause)→ Perfective: a stated, completed characteristicהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; copular verb completing the predicate 'it was square.'
כָּפ֖וּלdoubledQal pass ptc ms abs · כָּפַל (H3717)Predicate adjective (second characteristic, resumptive)→ Passive participle used statively: the folded/doubled constructionכָּפַל (H3717) Qal passive 'doubled, folded'; the breastpiece was made as a doubled pouch, forming a pocket for the Urim and Thummim.
עָשׂ֣וּthey madeQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act of manufactureעָשָׂה (H6213); see v.1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see v.1.
הַחֹ֑שֶׁןthe breastpiece:art + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Direct objectחֹשֶׁן (H2833); see v.8.
זֶ֧רֶתa spanN f sg abs · זֶרֶת (H2239)Adverbial accusative of measureזֶרֶת (H2239) 'span,' the distance from thumb to little finger (roughly half a cubit, ~22.5 cm), a small unit fitting the breastpiece's compact size.
אָרְכּ֛וֹits lengthN m sg constr/3ms suffix · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Subject (nominal clause, measurement)אֹרֶךְ (H753) 'length'; with 3ms suffix, 'its length [was] a span.'
וְזֶ֥רֶתand a spanconj וְ + N f sg abs · זֶרֶת (H2239)Adverbial accusative of measure, coordinateזֶרֶת (H2239); see above.
רָחְבּ֖וֹits width,N m sg constr/3ms suffix · רֹחַב (H7341)Subject (nominal clause, measurement)רֹחַב (H7341) 'breadth, width'; with 3ms suffix, 'its width [was] a span' -- the breastpiece was exactly square, one span by one span.
כָּפֽוּלdoubled.Qal pass ptc ms abs · כָּפַל (H3717)Predicate adjective, resumptive (closing frame)→ Passive participle used statively: restating the doubled constructionכָּפַל (H3717); see above; the repetition frames v.9 as an inclusio on the breastpiece's square, doubled shape.
10
וַיְמַלְאוּ ב֔וֹ אַרְבָּעָ֖ה ט֣וּרֵי אָ֑בֶן ט֗וּר אֹ֤דֶם פִּטְדָה֙ וּבָרֶ֔קֶת הַטּ֖וּר הָאֶחָֽד
They set in it four rows of stones: the first row was carnelian, topaz, and emerald.
Opens the four-row gem catalogue (vv.10-13), each row introduced identically and closed with an ordinal number, matching Exod 28:17-20 exactly.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיְמַלְאוּAnd they setconj וַ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · מָלֵא (H4390)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the gem-settingמָלֵא (H4390) Piel 'to fill, set [stones]'; the technical verb for mounting gems into their sockets.
ב֔וֹin itprep בְּ + 3ms suffix · בְּLocative prepositional phrase (resumptive, referring to the breastpiece)The preposition בְּ with 3ms suffix, 'in it,' referring back to הַחֹשֶׁן.
אַרְבָּעָ֖הfournumeral ms abs · אַרְבָּעָה (H702)Numeral modifying טוּרֵי אָבֶןאַרְבָּעָה (H702) 'four'; the number of gem-rows on the breastpiece, three stones per row, twelve in all.
ט֣וּרֵיrows ofN m pl constr · טוּר (H2905)Direct object, construct headטוּר (H2905) 'row'; construct chain 'rows of stone(s).'
אָ֑בֶןstone:N f sg abs · אֶבֶן (H68)Genitive completing the construct chainאֶבֶן (H68); see v.6.
ט֗וּרa row ofN m sg constr · טוּר (H2905)Apposition, specifying the first row (construct head)טוּר (H2905); see above; introduces the first row's three stones.
אֹ֤דֶםcarnelian,N m sg abs · אֹדֶם (H124)Genitive/apposition (first gem)אֹדֶם (H124) 'carnelian, ruby' (a red gemstone); first stone of the first row, traditionally associated with the tribe of Reuben.
פִּטְדָה֙topaz,N f sg abs · פִּטְדָה (H6357)Coordinate genitive/apposition (second gem)פִּטְדָה (H6357) 'topaz, chrysolite' (a yellow-green gemstone); second stone of the first row.
וּבָרֶ֔קֶתand emerald --conj וְ + N f sg abs · בָּרֶקֶת (H1304)Coordinate genitive/apposition (third gem)בָּרֶקֶת (H1304) 'emerald, beryl' (a green gemstone); third stone of the first row.
הַטּ֖וּרthe row,art + N m sg abs · טוּר (H2905)Resumptive subject (nominal clause)טוּר (H2905); resumptive, 'this being the row,' summarizing the preceding three stones.
הָאֶחָֽדthe first.art + numeral ms abs · אֶחָד (H259)Predicate adjective (ordinal use of 'one')אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; used ordinally, 'the first [row],' since Hebrew often uses 'one' for 'first' in enumerations.
11
וְהַטּ֖וּר הַשֵּׁנִ֑י נֹ֥פֶךְ סַפִּ֖יר וְיָהֲלֹֽם
The second row: turquoise, sapphire, and diamond.
Terse, verbless list-clause; the parallel structure across vv.10-13 mimics an inventory register.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וְהַטּ֖וּרAnd the row,conj וְ + art + N m sg abs · טוּר (H2905)Fronted subject (casus pendens)טוּר (H2905); see v.10, second row of the breastpiece.
הַשֵּׁנִ֑יthe second:art + ordinal ms abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Predicate adjective (apposition, ordinal)שֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; ordinal numeral marking the second gem-row.
נֹ֥פֶךְturquoise,N m sg abs · נֹפֶךְ (H5306)Apposition (first gem of the row)נֹפֶךְ (H5306) 'turquoise, garnet' (identity debated; a blue-green stone); first stone of the second row.
סַפִּ֖ירsapphire,N m sg abs · סַפִּיר (H5601)Coordinate apposition (second gem)סַפִּיר (H5601) 'sapphire, lapis lazuli' (a deep-blue stone); second stone of the second row.
וְיָהֲלֹֽםand diamond.conj וְ + N m sg abs · יָהֲלֹם (H3095)Coordinate apposition (third gem)יָהֲלֹם (H3095) 'diamond, jasper' (identity uncertain; a hard, brilliant white stone); third stone of the second row.
12
וְהַטּ֖וּר הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י לֶ֥שֶׁם שְׁב֖וֹ וְאַחְלָֽמָה
The third row: jacinth, agate, and amethyst.
Continues the register format identically to vv.10-11.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וְהַטּ֖וּרAnd the row,conj וְ + art + N m sg abs · טוּר (H2905)Fronted subject (casus pendens)טוּר (H2905); see v.10, third row of the breastpiece.
הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑יthe third:art + ordinal ms abs · שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992)Predicate adjective (apposition, ordinal)שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992) 'third'; ordinal numeral marking the third gem-row.
לֶ֥שֶׁםjacinth,N m sg abs · לֶשֶׁם (H3958)Apposition (first gem of the row)לֶשֶׁם (H3958) 'jacinth, opal' (identity uncertain; possibly amber-colored); first stone of the third row.
שְׁב֖וֹagate,N m sg abs · שְׁבוֹ (H7618)Coordinate apposition (second gem)שְׁבוֹ (H7618) 'agate' (a banded, semi-translucent stone); second stone of the third row.
וְאַחְלָֽמָהand amethyst.conj וְ + N f sg abs · אַחְלָמָה (H306)Coordinate apposition (third gem)אַחְלָמָה (H306) 'amethyst' (a purple quartz); third stone of the third row.
13
וְהַטּוּר֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ שֹׁ֖הַם וְיָשְׁפֵ֑ה מֽוּסַבֹּ֛ת מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹת זָהָ֖ב בְּמִלֻּאֹתָֽם
The fourth row: beryl, onyx, and jasper, enclosed in gold filigree settings in their mountings.
The catalogue closes with a summarizing participial clause (as in v.6) describing all twelve stones as mounted in gold, before v.14 draws out their symbolic function.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְהַטּוּר֙And the row,conj וְ + art + N m sg abs · טוּר (H2905)Fronted subject (casus pendens)טוּר (H2905); see v.10, fourth and final row of the breastpiece.
הָֽרְבִיעִ֔יthe fourth:art + ordinal ms abs · רְבִיעִי (H7243)Predicate adjective (apposition, ordinal)רְבִיעִי (H7243) 'fourth'; ordinal numeral marking the last gem-row.
תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁberyl,N m sg abs · תַּרְשִׁישׁ (H8658)Apposition (first gem of the row)תַּרְשִׁישׁ (H8658) 'beryl, topaz' -- lit. '[stone] of Tarshish,' a yellowish gem named for its port of origin/trade; first stone of the fourth row.
שֹׁ֖הַםonyx,N m sg abs · שֹׁהַם (H7718)Coordinate apposition (second gem)שֹׁהַם (H7718); see v.6; second stone of the fourth row, matching the two shoulder-stones' material.
וְיָשְׁפֵ֑הand jasper --conj וְ + N m sg abs · יָשְׁפֵה (H3471)Coordinate apposition (third gem)יָשְׁפֵה (H3471) 'jasper' (an opaque, often green or red stone); third and final stone of the twelve.
מֽוּסַבֹּ֛תenclosedHophal ptc fp abs · סָבַב (H4142)Attributive participle modifying the twelve stones collectively→ Passive participle: the resultant state of being setסָבַב (H4142); see v.6, describing all twelve stones as mounted.
מִשְׁבְּצ֥וֹתin filigree settings ofN f pl constr · מִשְׁבֶּצֶת (H4865)Genitive/material specifying the enclosure (construct head)מִשְׁבֶּצֶת (H4865); see v.6.
זָהָ֖בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091); see v.2.
בְּמִלֻּאֹתָֽםin their mountings.prep בְּ + N f pl constr/3mp suffix · מִלֻּאָה (H4396)Locative prepositional phrase (construct head with suffix)מִלֻּאָה (H4396) 'setting, filling'; the individual socket into which each stone is fitted, 'in their fillings/settings.'
14
וְ֠הָאֲבָנִים עַל שְׁמֹ֨ת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל הֵ֛נָּה שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה עַל שְׁמֹתָ֑ם פִּתּוּחֵ֤י חֹתָם֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל שְׁמ֔וֹ לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר שָֽׁבֶט
The stones corresponded to the names of the sons of Israel: twelve, corresponding to their names, engraved like the engravings of a signet, each one with its name, for the twelve tribes.
Restates and interprets vv.10-13: the twelve stones are not mere ornament but a name-bearing memorial for the twelve tribes, echoing the shoulder-stones' function in v.7 and completing the symmetry of ephod and breastpiece.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְ֠הָאֲבָנִיםAnd the stonesconj וְ + art + N f pl abs · אֶבֶן (H68)Fronted subject (casus pendens)אֶבֶן (H68); see v.6; the twelve gemstones just enumerated.
עַלcorresponded toprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (correspondence, predicate)עַל (H5921) 'upon, according to'; here expressing correspondence, 'the stones [were] according to the names.'
שְׁמֹ֨תthe names ofN m pl constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Object of עַל, construct headשֵׁם (H8034); see v.6.
בְּנֵיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive, construct headבֵּן (H1121); see v.6.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֥לIsrael:proper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); see v.6.
הֵ֛נָּהthey [were]3fp independent pronoun · הֵנָּה (H2007)Resumptive subject pronoun (predicate nominative)הֵנָּה (H2007) 'they' (fem. pl.); resumes 'the stones,' emphasizing 'they [numbered] twelve.'
שְׁתֵּ֥יםtwelve,numeral fem dual abs · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral, first element of the compound '12' (predicate)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147) 'two'; first component of the compound numeral 'twelve' (lit. 'two and ten').
עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה-teen,numeral fs abs · עֶשְׂרֵה (H6240)Numeral, second element of the compound '12'עֶשְׂרֵה (H6240) '-teen'; second component completing 'twelve' with שְׁתֵּים.
עַלcorresponding toprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (correspondence, coordinate)עַל (H5921); see above, repeated for emphasis.
שְׁמֹתָ֑םtheir names,N m pl constr/3mp suffix · שֵׁם (H8034)Object of עַלשֵׁם (H8034); see v.6, with 3mp suffix referring to the twelve tribes.
פִּתּוּחֵ֤יengravedN m pl constr · פִּתּוּחַ (H6603)Adverbial accusative of manner, construct headפִּתּוּחַ (H6603); see v.6.
חֹתָם֙[with] a signet,N m sg abs · חוֹתָם (H2368)Genitive completing the construct chainחוֹתָם (H2368); see v.6.
אִ֣ישׁeach oneN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive apposition ('each')אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; used distributively, 'each one [with] its name,' i.e. each stone.
עַלwithprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (specification)עַל (H5921); see above.
שְׁמ֔וֹits name,N m sg constr/3ms suffix · שֵׁם (H8034)Object of עַלשֵׁם (H8034); with 3ms suffix, 'its name,' i.e. each stone bore one tribal name.
לִשְׁנֵ֥יםfor the twelveprep לְ + numeral md abs · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Prepositional phrase of specification (numeral, first element)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); first component of 'twelve' in the phrase 'for the twelve tribes.'
עָשָׂ֖ר-teennumeral ms abs · עָשָׂר (H6240)Numeral, second element completing the compound '12'עָשָׂר (H6240) '-teen' (masculine form, agreeing with שֵׁבֶט); completes 'twelve.'
שָֽׁבֶטtribes.N m sg abs · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Noun specified by the numeral (distributive)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe, rod'; the twelve tribes of Israel, one name per stone.
15
וַיַּעֲשׂ֧וּ עַל הַחֹ֛שֶׁן שַׁרְשְׁרֹ֥ת גַּבְלֻ֖ת מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה עֲבֹ֑ת זָהָ֖ב טָהֽוֹר
They made on the breastpiece chains of corded work, braided-cord work, of pure gold.
Opens the unit describing how the breastpiece is attached to the ephod (vv.15-21); the rare technical vocabulary (גַּבְלֻת) signals specialist goldsmithing.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיַּעֲשׂ֧וּAnd they madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the chainsעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; see 39:1.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; here 'attached to the breastpiece.'
הַחֹ֛שֶׁןthe breastpieceart + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Object of עַלחֹשֶׁן (H2833); see 39:8.
שַׁרְשְׁרֹ֥תchains ofN f pl constr · שַׁרְשְׁרָה (H8333)Direct object, construct headשַׁרְשְׁרָה (H8333) 'chain'; the twisted gold chains that will attach the breastpiece to the ephod's shoulder-settings.
גַּבְלֻ֖תcorded work,N f sg abs · גַּבְלֻת (H1383)Apposition (manner) describing the chainsגַּבְלֻת (H1383), a rare technical term for twisted/corded work, describing the plaited construction of the chains.
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הthe work ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Apposition, construct headמַעֲשֶׂה (H4639); see 39:3.
עֲבֹ֑תbraided cord,N com sg abs · עֲבֹת (H5688)Genitive completing the construct chainעֲבֹת (H5688) 'cord, braided cord'; describes the rope-like twisted-chain technique, matching Exod 28:14, 22.
זָהָ֖בof gold,N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Material in appositionזָהָב (H2091); see 39:2.
טָהֽוֹרpure.Aamsa · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure, clean'; describes refined gold of the highest quality, used for the chains as for the crown-plate (v.30).
16
וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֗וּ שְׁתֵּי֙ מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב וּשְׁתֵּ֖י טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּ אֶת שְׁתֵּי֙ הַטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַל שְׁנֵ֖י קְצ֥וֹת הַחֹֽשֶׁן
They made two gold filigree settings and two gold rings, and put the two rings on the two edges of the breastpiece.
First of a tightly choreographed sequence (vv.16-18) attaching chains to settings to rings to the ephod's shoulders.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֗וּAnd they madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the settings and ringsעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1.
שְׁתֵּי֙twonumeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying מִשְׁבְּצֹת (construct)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147) 'two'; see 39:4.
מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣תfiligree settings ofN f pl constr · מִשְׁבֶּצֶת (H4865)Direct object, construct headמִשְׁבֶּצֶת (H4865); see 39:6, here the two settings at the top corners of the breastpiece.
זָהָ֔בgold,N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091); see 39:2.
וּשְׁתֵּ֖יand twoconj וְ + numeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying טַבְּעֹת, coordinateשְׁתַּיִם (H8147); see above.
טַבְּעֹ֣תrings ofN f pl constr · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Direct object, construct head, coordinateטַבַּעַת (H2885) 'ring'; the two gold rings fixed to the top corners of the breastpiece, through which the chains pass.
זָהָ֑בgold,N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091); see 39:2.
וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּand they putconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance describing the fixing of the ringsנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put, place'; here of attaching the rings to the breastpiece.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
שְׁתֵּי֙the twonumeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying הַטַּבָּעֹת (construct)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147); see above.
הַטַּבָּעֹ֔תringsart + N f pl abs · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Direct objectטַבַּעַת (H2885); see above.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
שְׁנֵ֖יthe twonumeral masc dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying קְצוֹת (construct)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); see 39:4.
קְצ֥וֹתedges ofN com pl constr · קָצָה (H7098)Object of עַל, construct headקָצֶה/קָצוֹת (H7098); see 39:4.
הַחֹֽשֶׁןthe breastpiece.art + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Genitive completing the construct chainחֹשֶׁן (H2833); see 39:8.
17
וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּ שְׁתֵּי֙ הָעֲבֹתֹ֣ת הַזָּהָ֔ב עַל שְׁתֵּ֖י הַטַּבָּעֹ֑ת עַל קְצ֖וֹת הַחֹֽשֶׁן
They put the two gold cords on the two rings, on the edges of the breastpiece.
Verse restates the chains (v.15) now being threaded onto the rings just made (v.16), building the mechanism step by step.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַֽיִּתְּנ֗וּAnd they putconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance describing the attaching of the chainsנָתַן (H5414); see v.16.
שְׁתֵּי֙the twonumeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying הָעֲבֹתֹת (construct)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147); see v.4.
הָעֲבֹתֹ֣תcords ofart + N com pl abs · עֲבֹת (H5688)Direct object, construct headעֲבֹת (H5688); see v.15; here referring back to the two gold chains just made.
הַזָּהָ֔בthe goldart + N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091); see 39:2.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
שְׁתֵּ֖יthe twonumeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying הַטַּבָּעֹת (construct)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147); see above.
הַטַּבָּעֹ֑תrings,art + N f pl abs · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Object of עַלטַבַּעַת (H2885); see v.16.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase, coordinateעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
קְצ֖וֹתthe edges ofN com pl constr · קָצָה (H7098)Object of עַל, construct headקָצֶה/קָצוֹת (H7098); see v.4.
הַחֹֽשֶׁןthe breastpiece.art + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Genitive completing the construct chainחֹשֶׁן (H2833); see 39:8.
18
וְאֵ֨ת שְׁתֵּ֤י קְצוֹת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הָֽעֲבֹתֹ֔ת נָתְנ֖וּ עַל שְׁתֵּ֣י הַֽמִּשְׁבְּצֹ֑ת וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֛ם עַל כִּתְפֹ֥ת הָאֵפֹ֖ד אֶל מ֥וּל פָּנָֽיו
The two ends of the two cords they put on the two filigree settings, and put them on the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, at its front.
Fronted double-accusative construction (אֵת ... קְצוֹת) mirrors the technical precision of the instructions in Exod 28:24-25.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְאֵ֨תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted, casus pendens)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, marking the fronted definite object that opens this clause.
שְׁתֵּ֤יthe twonumeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying קְצוֹת (construct)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147); see v.4.
קְצוֹת֙ends ofN com pl constr · קָצָה (H7098)Direct object, construct head (fronted)קָצֶה/קָצוֹת (H7098); see v.4; here the free ends of the two chains.
שְׁתֵּ֣יthe twonumeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying הָעֲבֹתֹת (construct)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147); see above.
הָֽעֲבֹתֹ֔תcordsart + N com pl abs · עֲבֹת (H5688)Genitive completing the construct chainעֲבֹת (H5688); see v.15.
נָתְנ֖וּthey putQal perf 3cp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, resuming the fronted object)→ Perfective: a completed act of attachmentנָתַן (H5414); see v.16.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
שְׁתֵּ֣יthe twonumeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying הַמִּשְׁבְּצֹת (construct)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147); see above.
הַֽמִּשְׁבְּצֹ֑תfiligree settings,art + N f pl abs · מִשְׁבֶּצֶת (H4865)Object of עַלמִשְׁבֶּצֶת (H4865); see 39:6.
וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֛םand they put themconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp/3mp suffix · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol with pronominal suffix, direct object 'them'נָתַן (H5414) with 3mp suffix, 'and they put them'; resuming the settings (with their attached chains) once more.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase, coordinateעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
כִּתְפֹ֥תthe shoulder-pieces ofN f pl constr · כָּתֵף (H3802)Object of עַל, construct headכָּתֵף (H3802); see 39:4.
הָאֵפֹ֖דthe ephod,art + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Genitive completing the construct chainאֵפוֹד (H646); see 39:2.
אֶלtowardprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the direction/facing of the settings.
מ֥וּלin front ofprep · מוּל (H4136)Directional prepositional phrase, coordinateמוּל (H4136) 'in front of, opposite'; specifying the settings face outward/forward.
פָּנָֽיוits front.N com pl constr/3ms suffix · פָּנִים (H6440)Object of מוּל, genitiveפָּנִים (H6440) 'face, front'; with 3ms suffix, 'its front,' i.e. the front side of the ephod.
19
וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֗וּ שְׁתֵּי֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב וַיָּשִׂ֕ימוּ עַל שְׁנֵ֖י קְצ֣וֹת הַחֹ֑שֶׁן עַל שְׂפָת֕וֹ אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֶל עֵ֥בֶר הָאֵפֹ֖ד בָּֽיְתָה
They made two gold rings and put them on the two ends of the breastpiece, on its edge that faces the side of the ephod, inward.
Shifts from the upper (chain) attachment to the lower attachment mechanism, mirroring Exod 28:26.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֗וּAnd they madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the lower ringsעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1.
שְׁתֵּי֙twonumeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying טַבְּעֹת (construct)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147); see v.4.
טַבְּעֹ֣תrings ofN f pl constr · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Direct object, construct headטַבַּעַת (H2885); see v.16, here the two lower rings of the breastpiece.
זָהָ֔בgold,N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091); see 39:2.
וַיָּשִׂ֕ימוּand they put [them]conj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שׂוּם (H7760)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance describing the placementשׂוּם (H7760); see 39:7.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
שְׁנֵ֖יthe twonumeral masc dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying קְצוֹת (construct)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); see 39:4.
קְצ֣וֹתends ofN com pl constr · קָצָה (H7098)Object of עַל, construct headקָצֶה/קָצוֹת (H7098); see v.4.
הַחֹ֑שֶׁןthe breastpiece,art + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Genitive completing the construct chainחֹשֶׁן (H2833); see 39:8.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase, coordinateעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
שְׂפָת֕וֹits edgeN f sg constr/3ms suffix · שָׂפָה (H8193)Object of עַלשָׂפָה (H8193) 'lip, edge, border'; with 3ms suffix, the inner edge of the breastpiece.
אֲשֶׁ֛רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (introducing אֶל עֵבֶר הָאֵפֹד בָּיְתָה)אֲשֶׁר (H834); see 39:1.
אֶל[faces] towardprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase within the relative clauseאֶל (H413); see v.18.
עֵ֥בֶרthe side ofN m sg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Object of אֶל, construct headעֵבֶר (H5676) 'side, region, edge'; the inner side of the breastpiece facing the ephod.
הָאֵפֹ֖דthe ephod,art + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Genitive completing the construct chainאֵפוֹד (H646); see 39:2.
בָּֽיְתָהinward.N m sg abs/directional heh · בַּיִת (H1004)Adverbial accusative of directionבַּיִת (H1004) 'house'; with directional ה, בָּיְתָה 'inward, toward the inside' -- the rings face inward, toward the body, so the breastpiece can be bound close to the ephod.
20
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֮ שְׁתֵּ֣י טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָב֒ וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֡ם עַל שְׁתֵּי֩ כִתְפֹ֨ת הָאֵפֹ֤ד מִלְמַ֨טָּה֙ מִמּ֣וּל פָּנָ֔יו לְעֻמַּ֖ת מֶחְבַּרְתּ֑וֹ מִמַּ֕עַל לְחֵ֖שֶׁב הָאֵפֹֽד
They made two gold rings and put them on the two shoulder-pieces of the ephod below, in front, alongside its seam, above the woven band of the ephod.
Extremely precise spatial description (four prepositional phrases stacked) locates the exact point on the ephod where the lower rings sit, matching Exod 28:27.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֮And they madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the shoulder-piece ringsעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1.
שְׁתֵּ֣יtwonumeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying טַבְּעֹת (construct)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147); see v.4.
טַבְּעֹ֣תrings ofN f pl constr · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Direct object, construct headטַבַּעַת (H2885); see v.16, here the two rings on the ephod's shoulder-pieces.
זָהָב֒gold,N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091); see 39:2.
וַֽיִּתְּנֻ֡םand they put themconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp/3mp suffix · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol with pronominal suffix, direct object 'them'נָתַן (H5414) with 3mp suffix; see v.18.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
שְׁתֵּי֩the twonumeral fem dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Numeral modifying כִתְפֹת (construct)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147); see above.
כִתְפֹ֨תshoulder-pieces ofN f pl constr · כָּתֵף (H3802)Object of עַל, construct headכָּתֵף (H3802); see 39:4.
הָאֵפֹ֤דthe ephod,art + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Genitive completing the construct chainאֵפוֹד (H646); see 39:2.
מִלְמַ֨טָּה֙below,prep מִן + prep לְ + adverb · מַטָּה (H4295)Locative adverbial phraseמַטָּה (H4295) 'below, downward'; compound preposition 'from below,' specifying the ring's lower position on the shoulder-piece.
מִמּ֣וּלin front ofprep מִן + prep · מוּל (H4136)Directional prepositional phrase, compoundמוּל (H4136); see v.18, here 'from in front of, facing.'
פָּנָ֔יוits front,N com pl constr/3ms suffix · פָּנִים (H6440)Object of the compound preposition, genitiveפָּנִים (H6440); see v.18, referring to the ephod's front side.
לְעֻמַּ֖תalongsideprep לְ + N f sg constr · עֻמָּה (H5980)Locative prepositional phrase of correspondence (construct head)עֻמָּה (H5980) 'alongside, corresponding to'; specifying the ring's position corresponds precisely to the seam below.
מֶחְבַּרְתּ֑וֹits seam,N f sg constr/3ms suffix · מֶחְבֶּרֶת (H4225)Genitive completing the construct chainמֶחְבֶּרֶת (H4225) 'joint, seam'; with 3ms suffix, the place where the ephod's front and back panels join.
מִמַּ֕עַלaboveprep מִן + adverb · מַעַל (H4605)Locative adverbial phraseמַעַל (H4605) 'above, upward'; compound preposition 'from above,' i.e. just above.
לְחֵ֖שֶׁבthe woven band ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · חֵשֶׁב (H2805)Object of the compound preposition, construct headחֵשֶׁב (H2805); see 39:5.
הָאֵפֹֽדthe ephod.art + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Genitive completing the construct chainאֵפוֹד (H646); see 39:2.
21
וַיִּרְכְּס֣וּ אֶת הַחֹ֡שֶׁן מִטַּבְּעֹתָיו֩ אֶל טַבְּעֹ֨ת הָאֵפֹ֜ד בִּפְתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֗לֶת לִֽהְיֹת֙ עַל חֵ֣שֶׁב הָאֵפֹ֔ד וְלֹֽא יִזַּ֣ח הַחֹ֔שֶׁן מֵעַ֖ל הָאֵפֹ֑ד כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת מֹשֶֽׁה
They bound the breastpiece by its rings to the rings of the ephod with a blue cord, to be on the woven band of the ephod, so that the breastpiece would not slip off the ephod, just as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Closes the long breastpiece unit (vv.8-21) begun in v.8, giving the purpose of the whole elaborate rings-and-chains system: the breastpiece must never come loose from the ephod, since it bears Israel's names before YHWH continually.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיִּרְכְּס֣וּAnd they boundconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · רָכַס (H7405)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance describing the final securing of the breastpieceרָכַס (H7405) 'to bind, fasten'; the technical verb for tying the breastpiece's lower rings to the ephod's rings.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
הַחֹ֡שֶׁןthe breastpieceart + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Direct objectחֹשֶׁן (H2833); see 39:8.
מִטַּבְּעֹתָיו֩by its ringsprep מִן + N f pl constr/3ms suffix · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Adverbial prepositional phrase (means, construct head with suffix)טַבַּעַת (H2885); see v.16, with 3ms suffix, 'from/by its rings' -- the means by which the breastpiece is secured.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phraseאֶל (H413); see v.18.
טַבְּעֹ֨תthe rings ofN f pl constr · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Object of אֶל, construct headטַבַּעַת (H2885); see v.16.
הָאֵפֹ֜דthe ephodart + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Genitive completing the construct chainאֵפוֹד (H646); see 39:2.
בִּפְתִ֣ילwith a cord ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · פָּתִיל (H6616)Instrumental prepositional phrase (construct head)פָּתִיל (H6616); see 39:3, here the blue cord used to lash the breastpiece rings to the ephod rings.
תְּכֵ֗לֶתblue [yarn],N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Genitive completing the construct chainתְּכֵלֶת (H8504); see 39:1.
לִֽהְיֹת֙to beprep לְ + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Purpose infinitival clause→ Infinitive of purpose: the intended, ongoing state of the fasteningהָיָה (H1961); see 39:9.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase within the purpose clauseעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
חֵ֣שֶׁבthe woven band ofN m sg constr · חֵשֶׁב (H2805)Object of עַל, construct headחֵשֶׁב (H2805); see 39:5.
הָאֵפֹ֔דthe ephod,art + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Genitive completing the construct chainאֵפוֹד (H646); see 39:2.
וְלֹֽאso that notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative purpose clause introducing the resultלֹא (H3808) 'not'; negating the following verb, 'so that the breastpiece would not be loosed.'
יִזַּ֣חit would slipNiphal impf 3ms · זָחַח (H2118)Predicate verb of the negative purpose clause→ Yiqtol: modal/purposive, an ongoing danger being preventedזָחַח (H2118) Niphal 'to be loosed, slip off, be displaced'; rare verb (elsewhere only Exod 28:28) describing the breastpiece coming detached from the ephod.
הַחֹ֔שֶׁןthe breastpieceart + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Subject of יִזַּחחֹשֶׁן (H2833); see 39:8.
מֵעַ֖לfromprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (separation, 'off of')עַל (H5921) with prefixed מִן, 'from upon' = 'off of'; marking separation.
הָאֵפֹ֑דthe ephod,art + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Object of מֵעַלאֵפוֹד (H646); see 39:2.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רjust asprep כְּ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunction introducing the compliance clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (k/H834); the fixed refrain, see 39:1.
צִוָּ֥הhe commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the subordinate compliance clause→ Perfective: the prior, completed divine command being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680); see 39:1.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
מֹשֶֽׁהMoses.proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872); see 39:1.
22
וַיַּ֛עַשׂ אֶת מְעִ֥יל הָאֵפֹ֖ד מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֹרֵ֑ג כְּלִ֖יל תְּכֵֽלֶת
He made the robe of the ephod, woven work, entirely of blue.
Marks a shift from designer-work (ephod, breastpiece) to plain loom-woven work, and from multicolor to a single color, reflecting the robe's simpler construction in Exod 28:31-35.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיַּ֛עַשׂAnd he madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the robeעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
מְעִ֥ילthe robe ofN m sg constr · מְעִיל (H4598)Direct object, construct headמְעִיל (H4598) 'robe'; the blue outer robe worn under the ephod, with bells and pomegranates on its hem (cf. Exod 28:31-35).
הָאֵפֹ֖דthe ephod,art + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Genitive completing the construct chainאֵפוֹד (H646); see 39:2; here identifying the robe as the one worn beneath the ephod.
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הthe work ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Apposition (construct head)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639); see 39:3.
אֹרֵ֑גa weaver,Qal ptc ms abs · אָרַג (H707)Genitive completing the construct chain (substantival participle)→ Participle used substantivally: a settled professional roleאָרַג (H707) 'to weave'; the participle אֹרֵג 'weaver' denotes a loom-woven, seamless garment (distinct from the embroidered work of vv.29 or the designer's work of vv.3, 8).
כְּלִ֖ילentirely ofAamsc · כָּלִיל (H3632)Predicate adjective (manner, construct)כָּלִיל (H3632) 'whole, entire, all of'; 'wholly of blue' -- the robe, unlike the ephod, uses only one color, no gold thread.
תְּכֵֽלֶתblue [yarn].N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Genitive completing the construct chainתְּכֵלֶת (H8504); see 39:1.
23
וּפִֽי הַמְּעִ֥יל בְּתוֹכ֖וֹ כְּפִ֣י תַחְרָ֑א שָׂפָ֥ה לְפִ֛יו סָבִ֖יב לֹ֥א יִקָּרֵֽעַ
The opening of the robe was in its middle, like the opening of a coat of mail, with a woven border around its opening, so that it would not tear.
The obscure comparison term תַּחְרָא (hapax legomenon) has occasioned much scholarly discussion; the point is functional -- a reinforced collar that resists tearing, matching Exod 28:32.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וּפִֽיAnd the opening ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Fronted subject, construct head (casus pendens)פֶּה (H6310) 'mouth, opening'; here the neck-hole of the robe through which the head passes.
הַמְּעִ֥ילthe robeart + N m sg abs · מְעִיל (H4598)Genitive completing the construct chainמְעִיל (H4598); see v.22.
בְּתוֹכ֖וֹin its midst,prep בְּ + N m sg constr/3ms suffix · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Locative prepositional phraseתָּוֶךְ (H8432); see 39:3; the opening is centered at the top-middle of the robe.
כְּפִ֣יlike the opening ofprep כְּ + N m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Comparative prepositional phrase (construct head)פֶּה (H6310); see above.
תַחְרָ֑אa coat-of-mail,N m sg abs · תַּחְרָא (H8473)Object of comparisonתַּחְרָא (H8473), a hapax legomenon of uncertain meaning, traditionally 'a coat of mail/leather corslet'; the comparison suggests a reinforced, non-tearing opening.
שָׂפָ֥הa borderN f sg abs · שָׂפָה (H8193)Fronted subject (apposition, new clause)שָׂפָה (H8193); see v.19, here 'a woven border/binding' around the neck-opening.
לְפִ֛יוfor its opening,prep לְ + N m sg constr/3ms suffix · פֶּה (H6310)Dative prepositional phraseפֶּה (H6310); see above, with 3ms suffix.
סָבִ֖יבall around;N com sg abs · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial accusative of mannerסָבִיב (H5439) 'around, surrounding'; the reinforcing border runs the full circumference of the neck-hole.
לֹ֥אit would notnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle negating the following verbלֹא (H3808); see v.21.
יִקָּרֵֽעַbe torn.Niphal impf 3ms · קָרַע (H7167)Predicate verb (main clause, negated)→ Yiqtol: modal/durative -- a guaranteed ongoing state, not a single eventקָרַע (H7167) Niphal 'to be torn, rent'; the reinforced collar ensures durability, echoing Exod 28:32.
24
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ עַל שׁוּלֵ֣י הַמְּעִ֔יל רִמּוֹנֵ֕י תְּכֵ֥לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֖ן וְתוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֑י מָשְׁזָֽר
They made pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, twisted, on the hems of the robe.
Introduces the decorative hem-work continued through v.26; note the shift back to the tricolor palette (without gold) for these accent pieces.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙And they madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the pomegranatesעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
שׁוּלֵ֣יthe hems ofN m pl constr · שׁוּל (H7757)Object of עַל, construct headשׁוּל (H7757) 'hem, skirt'; the lower border of the robe.
הַמְּעִ֔ילthe robeart + N m sg abs · מְעִיל (H4598)Genitive completing the construct chainמְעִיל (H4598); see v.22.
רִמּוֹנֵ֕יpomegranates ofN m pl constr · רִמּוֹן (H7416)Direct object, construct headרִמּוֹן (H7416) 'pomegranate'; ornamental tassels shaped like pomegranates, alternating with bells around the hem (cf. Exod 28:33-34).
תְּכֵ֥לֶתblue [yarn]N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Material in apposition (first)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504); see 39:1.
וְאַרְגָּמָ֖ןand purple [yarn],conj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Material in apposition (second)אַרְגָּמָן (H713); see 39:1.
וְתוֹלַ֣עַתand worm-stuff ofconj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Material in apposition, construct head (third)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438); see 39:1.
שָׁנִ֑יscarlet,N m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive completing the construct chainשָׁנִי (H8144); see 39:1.
מָשְׁזָֽרtwisted.Hophal ptc ms abs · שָׁזַר (H7806)Attributive participle qualifying the yarns→ Passive participle: the resultant twined state of the threadשָׁזַר (H7806); see 39:2.
25
וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ פַעֲמֹנֵ֖י זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ אֶת הַפַּֽעֲמֹנִ֜ים בְּת֣וֹךְ הָרִמֹּנִ֗ים עַל שׁוּלֵ֤י הַמְּעִיל֙ סָבִ֔יב בְּת֖וֹךְ הָרִמֹּנִֽים
They made bells of pure gold and put the bells among the pomegranates, on the hems of the robe all around, among the pomegranates:
The repetition 'among the pomegranates ... among the pomegranates' frames the verse and anticipates the explicit alternating pattern spelled out in v.26.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּAnd they madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the bellsעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1.
פַעֲמֹנֵ֖יbells ofN m pl constr · פַּעֲמוֹן (H6472)Direct object, construct headפַּעֲמוֹן (H6472) 'bell'; small golden bells alternating with the pomegranates, sounding as the high priest ministers (Exod 28:35).
זָהָ֣בgold,N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091); see 39:2.
טָה֑וֹרpure,Aamsa · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889); see v.15.
וַיִּתְּנ֨וּand they putconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance describing the placement of the bellsנָתַן (H5414); see v.16.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
הַפַּֽעֲמֹנִ֜יםthe bellsart + N m pl abs · פַּעֲמוֹן (H6472)Direct objectפַּעֲמוֹן (H6472); see above.
בְּת֣וֹךְin the midst ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Locative prepositional phrase (construct head)תָּוֶךְ (H8432); see 39:3.
הָרִמֹּנִ֗יםthe pomegranates,art + N m pl abs · רִמּוֹן (H7416)Genitive completing the construct chainרִמּוֹן (H7416); see v.24.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase, coordinateעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
שׁוּלֵ֤יthe hems ofN m pl constr · שׁוּל (H7757)Object of עַל, construct headשׁוּל (H7757); see v.24.
הַמְּעִיל֙the robe,art + N m sg abs · מְעִיל (H4598)Genitive completing the construct chainמְעִיל (H4598); see v.22.
סָבִ֔יבall around,N com sg abs · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial accusative of mannerסָבִיב (H5439); see v.23.
בְּת֖וֹךְin the midst ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Locative prepositional phrase, coordinate (construct head)תָּוֶךְ (H8432); see 39:3.
הָרִמֹּנִֽיםthe pomegranates:art + N m pl abs · רִמּוֹן (H7416)Genitive completing the construct chainרִמּוֹן (H7416); see v.24, repeated to stress the alternating bell-pomegranate pattern.
26
פַּעֲמֹ֤ן וְרִמֹּן֙ פַּעֲמֹ֣ן וְרִמֹּ֔ן עַל שׁוּלֵ֥י הַמְּעִ֖יל סָבִ֑יב לְשָׁרֵ֕ת כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת מֹשֶֽׁה
a bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, on the hems of the robe all around, for ministering, just as YHWH had commanded Moses.
The asyndetic, rhythmic list ('bell and pomegranate, bell and pomegranate') iconically enacts the alternating pattern itself before the purpose clause and refrain close the robe unit (vv.22-26), echoing Exod 28:33-35.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
פַּעֲמֹ֤ןa bellN m sg abs · פַּעֲמוֹן (H6472)Fronted subject/apposition (distributive, resuming v.25)פַּעֲמוֹן (H6472); see v.25; the distributive summary states the alternating pattern explicitly.
וְרִמֹּן֙and a pomegranate,conj וְ + N m sg abs · רִמּוֹן (H7416)Coordinate appositionרִמּוֹן (H7416); see v.24.
פַּעֲמֹ֣ןa bellN m sg abs · פַּעֲמוֹן (H6472)Coordinate apposition (repetition of the pattern)פַּעֲמוֹן (H6472); see v.25.
וְרִמֹּ֔ןand a pomegranate,conj וְ + N m sg abs · רִמּוֹן (H7416)Coordinate appositionרִמּוֹן (H7416); see v.24.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
שׁוּלֵ֥יthe hems ofN m pl constr · שׁוּל (H7757)Object of עַל, construct headשׁוּל (H7757); see v.24.
הַמְּעִ֖ילthe robe,art + N m sg abs · מְעִיל (H4598)Genitive completing the construct chainמְעִיל (H4598); see v.22.
סָבִ֑יבall around,N com sg abs · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial accusative of mannerסָבִיב (H5439); see v.23.
לְשָׁרֵ֕תfor ministering,prep לְ + Piel inf constr · שָׁרַת (H8334)Purpose infinitival clause→ Infinitive of purpose: the ringing bells' function during priestly serviceשָׁרַת (H8334); see 39:1; the bells sound as Aaron moves in and out of the sanctuary during ministry (cf. Exod 28:35).
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רjust asprep כְּ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunction introducing the compliance clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (k/H834); the fixed refrain, see 39:1.
צִוָּ֥הhe commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the subordinate compliance clause→ Perfective: the prior, completed divine command being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680); see 39:1.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
מֹשֶֽׁהMoses.proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872); see 39:1.
27
וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֛וּ אֶת הַכָּתְנֹ֥ת שֵׁ֖שׁ מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֹרֵ֑ג לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָֽיו
They made the tunics of fine linen, woven work, for Aaron and for his sons,
Shifts to garments worn by all priests, not just the high priest, matching the list of Exod 28:39-42.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֛וּAnd they madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the tunicsעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
הַכָּתְנֹ֥תthe tunics ofart + N f pl constr · כֻּתֹּנֶת (H3801)Direct object, construct headכֻּתֹּנֶת (H3801) 'tunic'; the plain linen undergarment worn by all priests, beneath the more elaborate high-priestly vestments (Exod 28:39-40).
שֵׁ֖שׁfine linen,N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Genitive/material completing the construct chainשֵׁשׁ (H8336); see 39:2.
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הthe work ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Apposition (construct head)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639); see 39:3.
אֹרֵ֑גa weaver,Qal ptc ms abs · אָרַג (H707)Genitive completing the construct chain (substantival participle)→ Participle used substantivally: a settled professional roleאָרַג (H707); see v.22.
לְאַהֲרֹ֖ןfor Aaronprep לְ + proper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Dative of interestאַהֲרֹן (H175); see 39:1.
וּלְבָנָֽיוand for his sons.conj וְ + prep לְ + N m pl constr/3ms suffix · בֵּן (H1121)Coordinate dative of interest, construct head with suffixבֵּן (H1121); see 39:6, with 3ms suffix; ordinary priests as well as Aaron received linen tunics.
28
וְאֵת֙ הַמִּצְנֶ֣פֶת שֵׁ֔שׁ וְאֶת פַּאֲרֵ֥י הַמִּגְבָּעֹ֖ת שֵׁ֑שׁ וְאֶת מִכְנְסֵ֥י הַבָּ֖ד שֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר
and the turban of fine linen, and the ornamental caps of fine linen, and the linen breeches of fine twisted linen,
Three items are listed in quick succession, each introduced by אֵת, a terse inventory style suited to minor accessory items rather than the elaborately described major vestments.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted, casus pendens)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, opening this clause's list of remaining vestments.
הַמִּצְנֶ֣פֶתthe turban,art + N f sg abs · מִצְנֶפֶת (H4701)Direct object (fronted)מִצְנֶפֶת (H4701) 'turban'; the high priest's linen headdress (Exod 28:39), distinguished from the plainer מִגְבָּעוֹת 'caps' of the ordinary priests below.
שֵׁ֔שׁfine linen,N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Genitive/material in appositionשֵׁשׁ (H8336); see 39:2.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next item in the vestment list.
פַּאֲרֵ֥יthe ornamental caps ofN m pl constr · פְּאֵר (H6287)Direct object, construct head (fronted)פְּאֵר (H6287) 'headdress, ornamental cap'; construct with הַמִּגְבָּעֹת.
הַמִּגְבָּעֹ֖תthe caps,art + N f pl abs · מִגְבָּעָה (H4021)Genitive completing the construct chainמִגְבָּעָה (H4021) 'cap, headgear'; the plainer linen headwear of the ordinary priests (Exod 28:40).
שֵׁ֑שׁfine linen,N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Genitive/material in appositionשֵׁשׁ (H8336); see 39:2.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the final item.
מִכְנְסֵ֥יthe breeches ofN m pl constr · מִכְנָסַיִם (H4370)Direct object, construct head (fronted)מִכְנָסַיִם (H4370) 'breeches, linen undergarments'; worn beneath the tunics for modesty at the altar (cf. Exod 28:42-43).
הַבָּ֖דthe linen,art + N m sg abs · בַּד (H906)Genitive/material completing the construct chainבַּד (H906) '[fine] linen'; a term for linen distinct from שֵׁשׁ, used specifically of the undergarments here and of the ark-poles elsewhere (a homograph of H905).
שֵׁ֥שׁfine linen,N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Material in appositionשֵׁשׁ (H8336); see 39:2.
מָשְׁזָֽרtwisted.Hophal ptc ms abs · שָׁזַר (H7806)Attributive participle qualifying שֵׁשׁ→ Passive participle: the resultant twined state of the linen threadשָׁזַר (H7806); see 39:2.
29
וְֽאֶת הָאַבְנֵ֞ט שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֗ר וּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת מֹשֶֽׁה
and the sash of fine twisted linen, and blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, embroidered work, just as YHWH had commanded Moses.
The sash alone among the minor garments returns to the full tricolor palette and receives 'embroiderer's work,' marking it as more ornate than the tunics, turban, and breeches; the refrain closes the whole priestly-garments report begun in v.1.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְֽאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted, casus pendens)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, opening the final item of the vestment inventory.
הָאַבְנֵ֞טthe sash,art + N m sg abs · אַבְנֵט (H73)Direct object (fronted)אַבְנֵט (H73) 'sash, girdle'; the long embroidered band binding the tunic, worn by both Aaron and his sons (Exod 28:39-40).
שֵׁ֣שׁfine linen,N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Material in apposition (first)שֵׁשׁ (H8336); see 39:2.
מָשְׁזָ֗רtwisted,Hophal ptc ms abs · שָׁזַר (H7806)Attributive participle qualifying שֵׁשׁ→ Passive participle: the resultant twined state of the linen threadשָׁזַר (H7806); see 39:2.
וּתְכֵ֧לֶתand blue [yarn]conj וְ + N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Material in apposition (second)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504); see 39:1.
וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ןand purple [yarn],conj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Material in apposition (third)אַרְגָּמָן (H713); see 39:1.
וְתוֹלַ֥עַתand worm-stuff ofconj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Material in apposition, construct head (fourth)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438); see 39:1.
שָׁנִ֖יscarlet,N m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive completing the construct chainשָׁנִי (H8144); see 39:1.
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הthe work ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Apposition (construct head)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639); see 39:3.
רֹקֵ֑םan embroiderer,Qal ptc ms abs · רָקַם (H7551)Genitive completing the construct chain (substantival participle)→ Participle used substantivally: a settled professional role, distinct from the plain-weaver of vv.22, 27רָקַם (H7551) 'to embroider, weave in colors'; the sash's decorative technique is needlework/embroidery, a distinct craft-grade from the ephod's designer-work or the tunic's plain weave.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רjust asprep כְּ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunction introducing the compliance clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (k/H834); the fixed refrain, see 39:1.
צִוָּ֥הhe commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the subordinate compliance clause→ Perfective: the prior, completed divine command being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680); see 39:1.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
מֹשֶֽׁהMoses.proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872); see 39:1.
30
וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֛וּ אֶת צִ֥יץ נֵֽזֶר הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וַיִּכְתְּב֣וּ עָלָ֗יו מִכְתַּב֙ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חוֹתָ֔ם קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַיהוָֽה
They made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote on it an inscription, like the engravings of a signet: 'Holy to YHWH.'
The chapter's theological high point: the inscription קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוָה crystallizes the entire chapter's concern with holiness, naming Aaron himself -- and by extension the whole priestly service -- as set apart to YHWH (cf. Exod 28:36-38).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֛וּAnd they madeconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new item)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing the golden plateעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
צִ֥יץthe plate ofN m sg constr · צִיץ (H6731)Direct object, construct headצִיץ (H6731) 'plate, flower-shaped ornament'; the golden frontlet worn on Aaron's forehead, engraved with 'Holy to YHWH' (Exod 28:36-38).
נֵֽזֶרthe consecration ofN m sg constr · נֵזֶר (H5145)Genitive, construct headנֵזֶר (H5145) 'consecration, crown, diadem'; construct chain 'the plate of the crown of holiness' = the sacred diadem-plate.
הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁholiness,art + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chainקֹדֶשׁ (H6944); see 39:1.
זָהָ֣בof gold,N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Material in appositionזָהָב (H2091); see 39:2.
טָה֑וֹרpure,Aamsa · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889); see v.15.
וַיִּכְתְּב֣וּand they wroteconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · כָּתַב (H3789)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance describing the engraving of the inscriptionכָּתַב (H3789) 'to write, inscribe'; here of engraving the sacred formula into the gold plate.
עָלָ֗יוon itprep עַל + 3ms suffix · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase (resumptive)עַל (H5921) with 3ms suffix, 'on it,' referring to the plate.
מִכְתַּב֙an inscription ofN m sg constr · מִכְתָּב (H4385)Adverbial accusative (content of writing), construct headמִכְתָּב (H4385) 'writing, inscription'; construct chain 'an inscription of the engravings of a signet.'
פִּתּוּחֵ֣יthe engravings ofN m pl constr · פִּתּוּחַ (H6603)Genitive, construct headפִּתּוּחַ (H6603); see 39:6.
חוֹתָ֔םa signet:N m sg abs · חוֹתָם (H2368)Genitive completing the construct chainחוֹתָם (H2368); see 39:6, describing the fine seal-engraving technique used for the inscription.
קֹ֖דֶשׁ'HolyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Quoted inscription (predicate nominative)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944); see 39:1; here as the first word of the engraved formula, קֹדֶשׁ לַיהוָה 'Holy to YHWH,' marking Aaron as consecrated representative before God (Exod 28:36).
לַיהוָֽהto YHWH.'prep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative prepositional phrase completing the inscriptionיְהוָה (H3068); see 39:1; the engraved formula's second half, completing the declaration of consecration.
31
וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ עָלָיו֙ פְּתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֔לֶת לָתֵ֥ת עַל הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶת מִלְמָ֑עְלָה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת מֹשֶֽׁה
They put on it a blue cord, to fasten it on the turban above, just as YHWH had commanded Moses.
Closes the priestly-garments report begun in v.1 with the ninth and final iteration of the compliance refrain in this cluster; the golden plate 'Holy to YHWH' (v.30) is now literally bound onto Aaron's head, the visible climax of the entire vestment-making project.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּתְּנ֤וּAnd they putconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance describing the fastening of the plateנָתַן (H5414); see 39:16.
עָלָיו֙on itprep עַל + 3ms suffix · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase (resumptive)עַל (H5921) with 3ms suffix, referring to the golden plate of v.30.
פְּתִ֣ילa cord ofN m sg constr · פָּתִיל (H6616)Direct object, construct headפָּתִיל (H6616); see 39:3, here the blue cord used to bind the plate to the turban.
תְּכֵ֔לֶתblue [yarn],N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Genitive completing the construct chainתְּכֵלֶת (H8504); see 39:1.
לָתֵ֥תto fasten [it]prep לְ + Qal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Purpose infinitival clause→ Infinitive of purpose: the intended function of the cordנָתַן (H5414); see 39:16, here 'to give/set,' i.e. to attach the plate.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase within the purpose clauseעַל (H5921); see 39:4.
הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶתthe turban,art + N f sg abs · מִצְנֶפֶת (H4701)Object of עַלמִצְנֶפֶת (H4701); see 39:28.
מִלְמָ֑עְלָהabove,prep מִן + prep לְ + adverb/directional heh · מַעְלָה (H4605)Locative adverbial phraseמַעַל (H4605); see 39:20; with directional ה, 'upward, on top,' specifying the plate sits at the front-top of the turban.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רjust asprep כְּ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunction introducing the compliance clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (k/H834); the fixed refrain, see 39:1.
צִוָּ֥הhe commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the subordinate compliance clause→ Perfective: the prior, completed divine command being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680); see 39:1.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
מֹשֶֽׁהMoses.proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872); see 39:1.
32
וַתֵּ֕כֶל כָּל עֲבֹדַ֕ת מִשְׁכַּ֖ן אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֶת מֹשֶׁ֖ה כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ
Thus all the work of the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was finished; and the sons of Israel did according to all that YHWH had commanded Moses; so they had done.
The verb כָּלָה 'was finished' is a deliberate echo of Gen 2:1-2 ('the heavens and the earth were finished... and God finished his work'), casting the tabernacle's completion as a new-creation event; the doubled compliance formula ('according to all that YHWH commanded... so they had done') is the chapter's thematic keynote, repeated in the closing verses (42-43).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַתֵּ֕כֶלThus it was finished --conj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · כָּלָה (H3615)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, closing formula)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance marking the completion of the whole projectכָּלָה (H3615) 'to be complete, come to an end'; this verse's opening verb signals the climactic close of the entire construction narrative begun in ch. 35.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Subject, construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every, whole'; construct with עֲבֹדַת, 'all the service/work.'
עֲבֹדַ֕תthe service/work ofN f sg constr · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive completing part of the construct chain, itself construct headעֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'work, service, labor'; here the entire construction task assigned by YHWH's instructions, not merely priestly ministry.
מִשְׁכַּ֖ןthe tabernacle,N m sg constr · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive, construct headמִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'tabernacle, dwelling place'; construct with אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד in apposition.
אֹ֣הֶלthe tent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Apposition, construct headאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; in apposition with מִשְׁכָּן, the two terms together naming the whole sanctuary structure.
מוֹעֵ֑דmeeting;N m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive completing the construct chainמוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time, meeting'; 'tent of meeting' names the tabernacle as the place of divine-human encounter.
וַֽיַּעֲשׂוּ֙and they did [it],conj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance restating the act of making at the level of the whole projectעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1; here summarizing the entire construction, not a single item.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject of וַיַּעֲשׂוּ, construct headבֵּן (H1121); see 39:6.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsrael,proper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing the construct chain (subject phrase)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); see 39:6; the whole nation, acting through its craftsmen, is credited with the completed work.
כְּ֠כֹלaccording to allprep כְּ + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Comparative prepositional phrase (norm/standard)כֹּל (H3605); see above; introduces the standard of comparison for the compliance clause.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834); see 39:1.
צִוָּ֧הhe commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: the prior, completed divine command being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680); see 39:1.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMoses;proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872); see 39:1.
כֵּ֥ןsoadverb · כֵּן (H3651)Adverb of manner (resumptive, anticipating the following verb)כֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; resumes the standard just cited, anticipating 'so they had done.'
עָשֽׂוּthey had done.Qal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, summary)→ Perfective: the completed state of full compliance, capping the whole construction narrativeעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1; the emphatic doubling with כֵּן ('so ... so they did') is the chapter's most concentrated statement of the compliance theme, echoed again in vv.42-43.
33
וַיָּבִ֤יאוּ אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת הָאֹ֖הֶל וְאֶת כָּל כֵּלָ֑יו קְרָסָ֣יו קְרָשָׁ֔יו בריחו בְּרִיחָ֖יו וְעַמֻּדָ֥יו וַאֲדָנָֽיו
They brought the tabernacle to Moses -- the tent and all its furnishings: its clasps, its boards, its bars, its pillars, and its sockets;
The scene shifts from construction-report to formal presentation, echoing the earlier instruction-and-execution pattern but now with Moses as inspector rather than instructor; the itemized inventory (vv.33-41) systematically retraces the whole tabernacle complex from frame to furnishings to vestments.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיָּבִ֤יאוּAnd they broughtconj וַ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, new movement)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance -- the finished tabernacle is now presentedבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring, cause to come'; marks the shift from construction-report to presentation/inspection scene.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙the tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Direct objectמִשְׁכָּן (H4908); see v.32.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phraseאֶל (H413); see 39:18.
מֹשֶׁ֔הMoses:proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of אֶלמֹשֶׁה (H4872); see 39:1; Moses now functions as inspector of the finished work, paralleling his role as recipient of the original instructions.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted, first item of the itemized inventory)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
הָאֹ֖הֶלthe tentart + N m sg abs · אֹהֶל (H168)Direct object (fronted, in apposition to הַמִּשְׁכָּן)אֹהֶל (H168); see v.32.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next item in this itemized inventory.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object, construct head (fronted)כֹּל (H3605); see v.32.
כֵּלָ֑יוits furnishings:N m pl constr/3ms suffix · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive completing the construct chainכְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, utensil, implement'; with 3ms suffix, all the tabernacle's equipment, now itemized in vv.33-41.
קְרָסָ֣יוits clasps,N m pl constr/3ms suffix · קֶרֶס (H7165)Apposition (item in the asyndetic inventory)קֶרֶס (H7165) 'clasp, hook'; the gold/bronze hooks joining the tabernacle's curtain-sets (Exod 26:6, 11).
קְרָשָׁ֔יוits boards,N m pl constr/3ms suffix · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Apposition, coordinateקֶרֶשׁ (H7175) 'board, frame'; the acacia-wood frames forming the tabernacle's walls (Exod 26:15-25).
בריחוits bars [ketiv],N m pl constr/3ms suffix · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Apposition, coordinate (Ketiv reading)בְּרִיחַ (H1280) 'bar, crossbar'; the horizontal bars threading through rings on the boards for structural rigidity (Exod 26:26-29); Ketiv spelling בריחו.
בְּרִיחָ֖יוits bars [qere],N m pl constr/3ms suffix · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Apposition, coordinate (Qere reading)בְּרִיחַ (H1280); the Qere vocalization בְּרִיחָיו read in place of the preceding Ketiv, both meaning 'its bars.'
וְעַמֻּדָ֥יוand its pillars,conj וְ + N m pl constr/3ms suffix · עַמּוּד (H5982)Apposition, coordinateעַמּוּד (H5982) 'pillar, post'; the upright posts supporting the veil and screen (Exod 26:32, 37).
וַאֲדָנָֽיוand its sockets;conj וְ + N m pl constr/3ms suffix · אֶדֶן (H134)Apposition, coordinateאֶדֶן (H134) 'socket, base'; the silver/bronze bases into which the boards and pillars were set (Exod 26:19, 32).
34
וְאֶת מִכְסֵ֞ה עוֹרֹ֤ת הָֽאֵילִם֙ הַמְאָדָּמִ֔ים וְאֶת מִכְסֵ֖ה עֹרֹ֣ת הַתְּחָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֖ת פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ
and the covering of rams' skins dyed red, and the covering of fine-leather skins, and the veil of the screen;
Continues the asyndetic, אֵת-fronted list format of v.33, moving outward from the tent's frame to its protective coverings.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, continuing the itemized inventory of tabernacle furnishings.
מִכְסֵ֞הthe covering ofN m sg constr · מִכְסֶה (H4372)Direct object, construct head (fronted)מִכְסֶה (H4372) 'covering'; the outer protective layers over the tabernacle's roof (Exod 26:14).
עוֹרֹ֤תskins ofN m pl constr · עוֹר (H5785)Genitive, construct headעוֹר (H5785) 'skin, hide'; construct chain 'skins of the rams.'
הָֽאֵילִם֙the rams,art + N m pl abs · אַיִל (H352)Genitive completing the construct chainאַיִל (H352) 'ram'; the ram-skins formed the second covering-layer over the tent.
הַמְאָדָּמִ֔יםdyed red,art + Pual ptc mp abs · אָדַם (H119)Attributive participle modifying עֹרֹת הָאֵילִםאָדַם (H119) Pual 'made/dyed red'; the reddened ram-skins, a distinctive and costly dyeing process.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next covering-layer.
מִכְסֵ֖הthe covering ofN m sg constr · מִכְסֶה (H4372)Direct object, construct head (fronted)מִכְסֶה (H4372); see above.
עֹרֹ֣תskins ofN m pl constr · עוֹר (H5785)Genitive, construct headעוֹר (H5785); see above.
הַתְּחָשִׁ֑יםthe fine leather [creatures],art + N m pl abs · תַּחַשׁ (H8476)Genitive completing the construct chainתַּחַשׁ (H8476), an animal of uncertain identity (traditionally 'badger' or 'dugong/porpoise'; possibly denotes a fine leather rather than a species); its hide formed the outermost, weatherproof covering (Exod 26:14).
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the final item of this verse.
פָּרֹ֥כֶתthe veil ofN f sg constr · פָּרֹכֶת (H6532)Direct object, construct head (fronted)פָּרֹכֶת (H6532) 'veil, curtain'; here in construct with הַמָּסָךְ, denoting the screening curtain.
הַמָּסָֽךְthe screen;art + N m sg abs · מָסָךְ (H4539)Genitive completing the construct chainמָסָךְ (H4539) 'screen, hanging'; likely referring to the inner veil separating the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place (Exod 26:31-33).
35
אֶת אֲרֹ֥ן הָעֵדֻ֖ת וְאֶת בַּדָּ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת
the ark of the testimony and its poles, and the mercy seat;
The list now moves inside the tent to the innermost, holiest object; the terse, verbless listing continues the register style of the whole unit.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted, new inventory item)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
אֲרֹ֥ןthe ark ofN com sg constr · אָרוֹן (H727)Direct object, construct head (fronted)אָרוֹן (H727) 'ark, chest'; the ark of the covenant, the tabernacle's most sacred object (Exod 25:10-16).
הָעֵדֻ֖תthe testimonyart + N f sg abs · עֵדוּת (H5715)Genitive completing the construct chainעֵדוּת (H5715) 'testimony'; the ark holds the stone tablets, hence 'ark of the testimony.'
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next item.
בַּדָּ֑יוits poles,N m pl constr/3ms suffix · בַּד (H905)Direct object (fronted)בַּד (H905) 'pole, carrying-staff'; with 3ms suffix, the poles used to carry the ark (Exod 25:13-14; a homograph of בַּד 'linen' in 39:28).
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the final item.
הַכַּפֹּֽרֶתthe mercy seat.art + N f sg abs · כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727)Direct object (fronted)כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727) 'mercy seat, atonement-cover'; the gold lid of the ark, overshadowed by the cherubim, where YHWH would meet Moses (Exod 25:17-22).
36
אֶת הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙ אֶת כָּל כֵּלָ֔יו וְאֵ֖ת לֶ֥חֶם הַפָּנִֽים
the table, all its utensils, and the bread of the Presence;
Follows the same terse listing pattern, moving to the Holy Place furnishings.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted, new inventory item)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙the table,art + N m sg abs · שֻׁלְחָן (H7979)Direct object (fronted)שֻׁלְחָן (H7979) 'table'; the table for the bread of the Presence (Exod 25:23-30).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object, construct head (fronted)כֹּל (H3605); see v.32.
כֵּלָ֔יוits utensils,N m pl constr/3ms suffix · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive completing the construct chainכְּלִי (H3627); see v.33; the table's dishes, pans, and libation vessels (Exod 25:29).
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the final item.
לֶ֥חֶםthe bread ofN com sg constr · לֶחֶם (H3899)Direct object, construct head (fronted)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'; construct with הַפָּנִים, 'the bread of the Presence/Face.'
הַפָּנִֽיםthe Presence;art + N com pl abs · פָּנִים (H6440)Genitive completing the construct chainפָּנִים (H6440); see 39:18; 'bread of the Presence,' the twelve loaves continually set before YHWH on the table (Exod 25:30).
37
אֶת הַמְּנֹרָ֨ה הַטְּהֹרָ֜ה אֶת נֵרֹתֶ֗יהָ נֵרֹ֛ת הַמַּֽעֲרָכָ֖ה וְאֶת כָּל כֵּלֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֥מֶן הַמָּאֽוֹר
the pure lampstand, its lamps -- the lamps of the arrangement -- and all its utensils, and the oil for the light;
Continues the Holy Place furnishings list begun in v.36, again in the terse asyndetic register.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted, new inventory item)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
הַמְּנֹרָ֨הthe lampstand,art + N f sg abs · מְנוֹרָה (H4501)Direct object (fronted)מְנוֹרָה (H4501) 'lampstand'; the golden seven-branched lampstand (Exod 25:31-40).
הַטְּהֹרָ֜הthe pure [one],art + Aafsa · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying הַמְּנֹרָהטָהוֹר (H2889); see 39:15; describes the lampstand's pure-gold construction.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
נֵרֹתֶ֗יהָits lamps,N m pl constr/3fs suffix · נֵר (H5216)Direct object (fronted)נֵר (H5216) 'lamp'; with 3fs suffix (referring to the lampstand), the seven oil lamps set atop it.
נֵרֹ֛תthe lamps ofN m pl constr · נֵר (H5216)Apposition, construct headנֵר (H5216); see above; construct with הַמַּעֲרָכָה.
הַמַּֽעֲרָכָ֖הthe arrangement,art + N f sg abs · מַעֲרָכָה (H4634)Genitive completing the construct chainמַעֲרָכָה (H4634) 'arrangement, row'; the ordered row of lamps kept continually burning (cf. Lev 24:3-4).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next item.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object, construct head (fronted)כֹּל (H3605); see v.32.
כֵּלֶ֑יהָits utensils,N m pl constr/3fs suffix · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive completing the construct chainכְּלִי (H3627); see v.33; the lampstand's snuffers and trays (Exod 25:38).
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the final item.
שֶׁ֥מֶןthe oil ofN m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Direct object, construct head (fronted)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil'; construct with הַמָּאוֹר.
הַמָּאֽוֹרthe light.art + N m sg abs · מָאוֹר (H3974)Genitive completing the construct chainמָאוֹר (H3974) 'light, luminary'; 'oil of the light' = the pure beaten olive oil for the lamps (Exod 27:20).
38
וְאֵת֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הַזָּהָ֔ב וְאֵת֙ שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת קְטֹ֣רֶת הַסַּמִּ֑ים וְאֵ֕ת מָסַ֖ךְ פֶּ֥תַח הָאֹֽהֶל
and the golden altar, and the anointing oil, and the fragrant incense, and the screen for the entrance of the tent;
Groups the remaining Holy Place items (incense altar, oils, incense) with the tent's entrance-screen, moving the inventory back toward the court.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, continuing the itemized inventory.
מִזְבַּ֣חthe altar ofN m sg constr · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Direct object, construct head (fronted)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'altar'; construct with הַזָּהָב, the small incense altar (Exod 30:1-10).
הַזָּהָ֔בthe gold,art + N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091); see 39:2.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next item.
שֶׁ֣מֶןthe oil ofN m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Direct object, construct head (fronted)שֶׁמֶן (H8081); see v.37.
הַמִּשְׁחָ֔הthe anointing,art + N f sg abs · מִשְׁחָה (H4888)Genitive completing the construct chainמִשְׁחָה (H4888) 'anointing'; the sacred anointing oil used to consecrate the tabernacle, its furnishings, and the priests (Exod 30:22-33).
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next item.
קְטֹ֣רֶתthe incense ofN f sg constr · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Direct object, construct head (fronted)קְטֹרֶת (H7004) 'incense'; construct with הַסַּמִּים.
הַסַּמִּ֑יםthe spices,art + N m pl abs · סַם (H5561)Genitive completing the construct chainסַם (H5561) 'spice, perfume'; the fragrant compound incense burned on the golden altar (Exod 30:34-38).
וְאֵ֕תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the final item.
מָסַ֖ךְthe screen forN m sg constr · מָסָךְ (H4539)Direct object, construct head (fronted)מָסָךְ (H4539); see v.34; construct with פֶּתַח, the entrance-screen.
פֶּ֥תַחthe entrance ofN m sg constr · פֶּתַח (H6607)Genitive, construct headפֶּתַח (H6607) 'opening, entrance'; construct with הָאֹהֶל.
הָאֹֽהֶלthe tent;art + N m sg abs · אֹהֶל (H168)Genitive completing the construct chainאֹהֶל (H168); see v.32; the curtained doorway of the tent proper (Exod 26:36-37).
39
אֵ֣ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הַנְּחֹ֗שֶׁת וְאֶת מִכְבַּ֤ר הַנְּחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁר ל֔וֹ אֶת בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת כָּל כֵּלָ֑יו אֶת הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת כַּנּֽוֹ
the bronze altar and its bronze grating that belonged to it, its poles, and all its utensils; the basin and its stand;
Moves the inventory into the courtyard proper, to the two bronze furnishings used before entering the tent itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
אֵ֣ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted, new inventory item)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
מִזְבַּ֣חthe altar ofN m sg constr · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Direct object, construct head (fronted)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196); see v.38; construct with הַנְּחֹשֶׁת, the large outer altar of burnt offering.
הַנְּחֹ֗שֶׁתthe bronze,art + N f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Genitive completing the construct chainנְחֹשֶׁת (H5178) 'bronze, copper'; the sacrificial altar's material, sturdier than the gold furnishings inside the tent (Exod 27:1-8).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next item.
מִכְבַּ֤רthe grating ofN m sg constr · מִכְבָּר (H4345)Direct object, construct head (fronted)מִכְבָּר (H4345) 'grating, network'; the bronze mesh inside the altar's frame (Exod 27:4-5).
הַנְּחֹ֨שֶׁת֙the bronzeart + N f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Genitive completing the construct chainנְחֹשֶׁת (H5178); see above.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (introducing לוֹ)אֲשֶׁר (H834); see 39:1.
ל֔וֹ[belonged] to it,prep לְ + 3ms suffix · לְPredicate prepositional phrase within the relative clause (possession)The preposition לְ with 3ms suffix, 'to it,' i.e. belonging to the altar.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
בַּדָּ֖יוits poles,N m pl constr/3ms suffix · בַּד (H905)Direct object (fronted)בַּד (H905); see v.35; the carrying poles of the bronze altar (Exod 27:6-7).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next item.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object, construct head (fronted)כֹּל (H3605); see v.32.
כֵּלָ֑יוits utensils;N m pl constr/3ms suffix · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive completing the construct chainכְּלִי (H3627); see v.33; the altar's pots, shovels, basins, forks, and firepans (Exod 27:3).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted, next item)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
הַכִּיֹּ֖רthe basin,art + N m sg abs · כִּיּוֹר (H3595)Direct object (fronted)כִּיּוֹר (H3595) 'basin, laver'; the bronze washbasin for priestly ablutions (Exod 30:18-21).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the final item.
כַּנּֽוֹits stand.N m sg constr/3ms suffix · כֵּן (H3653)Direct object (fronted)כֵּן (H3653) 'base, stand'; with 3ms suffix, the laver's pedestal (distinct in meaning, though identical in spelling, from the adverb כֵּן 'so' of vv.32, 42-43).
40
אֵת֩ קַלְעֵ֨י הֶחָצֵ֜ר אֶת עַמֻּדֶ֣יהָ וְאֶת אֲדָנֶ֗יהָ וְאֶת הַמָּסָךְ֙ לְשַׁ֣עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֔ר אֶת מֵיתָרָ֖יו וִיתֵדֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֗ת כָּל כְּלֵ֛י עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן לְאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד
the hangings of the court, its pillars and its sockets, and the screen for the gate of the court, its cords and its pegs, and all the utensils of the service of the tabernacle, for the tent of meeting;
Closes the itemized inventory (vv.33-40) with the outermost structure (the court) and a comprehensive catch-all phrase, before v.41 turns to the priestly vestments as the inventory's final category.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
אֵת֩[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted, new inventory item)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
קַלְעֵ֨יthe hangings ofN m pl constr · קֶלַע (H7050)Direct object, construct head (fronted)קֶלַע (H7050) 'hanging, curtain'; the linen hangings enclosing the courtyard (Exod 27:9-15).
הֶחָצֵ֜רthe court,art + N com sg abs · חָצֵר (H2691)Genitive completing the construct chainחָצֵר (H2691) 'court, courtyard'; the open enclosure surrounding the tabernacle tent.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
עַמֻּדֶ֣יהָits pillars,N m pl constr/3fs suffix · עַמּוּד (H5982)Direct object (fronted)עַמּוּד (H5982); see v.33; the posts supporting the court's hangings.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next item.
אֲדָנֶ֗יהָits sockets,N m pl constr/3fs suffix · אֶדֶן (H134)Direct object (fronted)אֶדֶן (H134); see v.33; the bases for the court's pillars.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the next item.
הַמָּסָךְ֙the screen forart + N m sg abs · מָסָךְ (H4539)Direct object, construct-like head (fronted)מָסָךְ (H4539); see v.34; the entrance-hanging of the court.
לְשַׁ֣עַרthe gate ofN m sg constr · שַׁעַר (H8179)Genitive, construct headשַׁעַר (H8179) 'gate'; construct with הֶחָצֵר.
הֶֽחָצֵ֔רthe court,art + N com sg abs · חָצֵר (H2691)Genitive completing the construct chainחָצֵר (H2691); see above.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted, next item)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
מֵיתָרָ֖יוits cords,N m pl constr/3ms suffix · מֵיתָר (H4340)Direct object (fronted)מֵיתָר (H4340) 'cord, tent-rope'; the guy-ropes anchoring the court's hangings and the tent itself (Exod 35:18).
וִיתֵדֹתֶ֑יהָand its pegs,conj וְ + N f pl constr/3fs suffix · יָתֵד (H3489)Coordinate direct objectיָתֵד (H3489) 'peg, stake'; the tent-pegs driven into the ground to secure the ropes.
וְאֵ֗תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, introducing the concluding, all-encompassing summary item of the inventory.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object, construct head (fronted)כֹּל (H3605); see v.32.
כְּלֵ֛יthe utensils ofN m pl constr · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive, construct headכְּלִי (H3627); see v.33.
עֲבֹדַ֥תthe service ofN f sg constr · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive, construct headעֲבֹדָה (H5656); see v.32.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ןthe tabernacle,art + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive, construct headמִשְׁכָּן (H4908); see v.32.
לְאֹ֥הֶלfor the tent ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Genitive/purpose prepositional phrase, construct headאֹהֶל (H168); see v.32.
מוֹעֵֽדmeeting.N m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive completing the construct chainמוֹעֵד (H4150); see v.32; a final catch-all phrase closing the itemized furnishings inventory of vv.33-40.
41
אֶת בִּגְדֵ֥י הַשְּׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אֶת בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙ לְאַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו לְכַהֵֽן
the garments of finely worked cloth for ministering in the sanctuary, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to serve as priests.
Closes the presentation-inventory (vv.33-41) by circling back to this chapter's opening subject (the vestments of vv.1-31), binding the furnishings-inventory and the vestments-report into a single unified 'bringing' to Moses.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted, new inventory item)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
בִּגְדֵ֥יthe garments ofN m pl constr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object, construct head (fronted)בֶּגֶד (H899); see 39:1.
הַשְּׂרָ֖דfinely worked service-cloth,art + N m sg abs · שְׂרָד (H8278)Genitive completing the construct chainשְׂרָד (H8278); see 39:1.
לְשָׁרֵ֣תto ministerprep לְ + Piel inf constr · שָׁרַת (H8334)Purpose infinitival clause→ Infinitive of purpose: the intended function of the garmentsשָׁרַת (H8334); see 39:1.
בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁin the sanctuary,prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Locative prepositional phraseקֹדֶשׁ (H6944); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853); see 39:1.
בִּגְדֵ֤יthe garments ofN m pl constr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object, construct head (fronted)בֶּגֶד (H899); see 39:1.
הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙the holy [things],art + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chainקֹדֶשׁ (H6944); see 39:1.
לְאַהֲרֹ֣ןfor Aaronprep לְ + proper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Dative of interestאַהֲרֹן (H175); see 39:1.
הַכֹּהֵ֔ןthe priest,art + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Apposition to אַהֲרֹןכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; here the title formally applied to Aaron as the completed vestments make him fit to serve.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)אֵת (H853) with prefixed וְ; see 39:1, coordinating the final item.
בִּגְדֵ֥יthe garments ofN m pl constr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object, construct head (fronted)בֶּגֶד (H899); see 39:1.
בָנָ֖יוhis sons,N m pl constr/3ms suffix · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive completing the construct chainבֵּן (H1121); see 39:6.
לְכַהֵֽןto serve as priests.prep לְ + Piel inf constr · כָּהַן (H3547)Purpose infinitival clause→ Infinitive of purpose: the intended priestly function of the garmentsכָּהַן (H3547) Piel 'to serve as priest, minister as priest'; the infinitive summarizes the entire chapter's purpose -- vestments made so that Aaron and his sons could function as priests.
42
כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת מֹשֶׁ֑ה כֵּ֤ן עָשׂוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת כָּל הָעֲבֹדָֽה
According to all that YHWH had commanded Moses, so the sons of Israel had done all the work.
Echoes v.32's wording almost exactly, forming an inclusio around the presentation unit (vv.33-41) and preparing for the final, climactic repetition of the refrain in v.43.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כְּכֹ֛לAccording to allprep כְּ + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Comparative prepositional phrase (norm/standard, fronted)כֹּל (H3605); see v.32.
אֲשֶׁרthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834); see 39:1.
צִוָּ֥הhe commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: the prior, completed divine command being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680); see 39:1.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
מֹשֶׁ֑הMoses,proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872); see 39:1.
כֵּ֤ןsoadverb · כֵּן (H3651)Adverb of manner (resumptive, anticipating the following verb)כֵּן (H3651); see v.32.
עָשׂוּ֙they had done,Qal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: the completed state of full complianceעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject, construct headבֵּן (H1121); see 39:6.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsrael,proper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); see 39:6.
אֵ֖ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object, construct headכֹּל (H3605); see v.32.
הָעֲבֹדָֽהthe service/work.art + N f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive completing the construct chainעֲבֹדָה (H5656); see v.32; the whole labor of tabernacle construction now explicitly said to be finished exactly as commanded.
43
וַיַּ֨רְא מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת כָּל הַמְּלָאכָ֗ה וְהִנֵּה֙ עָשׂ֣וּ אֹתָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה כֵּ֣ן עָשׂ֑וּ וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֹתָ֖ם מֹשֶֽׁה
Moses saw all the work, and behold, they had done it just as YHWH had commanded -- so they had done it; and Moses blessed them.
The chapter's capstone: וַיַּרְא מֹשֶׁה ... וְהִנֵּה עָשׂוּ אֹתָהּ recalls וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים ... וְהִנֵּה טוֹב מְאֹד of Gen 1:31, and וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתָם מֹשֶׁה recalls God's blessing at the completion of creation (Gen 1:28; 2:3); the tabernacle's completion is thus deliberately patterned as a new creation, with Moses in the role of the blessing, sabbath-inaugurating God -- a theme carried forward into ch. 40's erection and consecration of the tabernacle.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיַּ֨רְאAnd he saw,conj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, climactic inspection)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance -- the decisive act of inspectionרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; Moses' inspection of the finished work echoes God's own seeing of creation as 'very good' (Gen 1:31), casting the tabernacle's completion as a new-creation moment.
מֹשֶׁ֜הMoses,proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיַּרְאמֹשֶׁה (H4872); see 39:1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); see 39:1.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object, construct headכֹּל (H3605); see v.32.
הַמְּלָאכָ֗הthe work,art + N f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive completing the construct chainמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, labor, task'; a broader term than עֲבֹדָה, encompassing the entire construction project just completed.
וְהִנֵּה֙and behold,conj וְ + particle · הִנֵּה (H2009)Attention-directing particle introducing the result clauseהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold, look'; vividly presents Moses' perception, inviting the reader to see with him.
עָשׂ֣וּthey had doneQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of the הִנֵּה-clause→ Perfective: the completed state of the finished work, viewed as an accomplished factעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1.
אֹתָ֔הּitobj marker/3fs suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object (pronominal)אֵת (H853) with 3fs suffix, 'it,' referring to הַמְּלָאכָה.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רjust asprep כְּ + relative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunction introducing the compliance clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (k/H834); the fixed refrain, see 39:1, here in its final and climactic occurrence.
צִוָּ֥הhe commandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the subordinate compliance clause→ Perfective: the prior, completed divine command being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680); see 39:1.
יְהוָ֖הYHWH --proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); see 39:1.
כֵּ֣ןsoadverb · כֵּן (H3651)Adverb of manner (resumptive, emphatic repetition)כֵּן (H3651); see v.32; its repetition here ('as YHWH commanded ... so they had done') is the strongest possible statement of exact compliance, closing the entire vestments-and-furnishings report.
עָשׂ֑וּthey had done;Qal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb, resumptive (repetition emphasizing total compliance)→ Perfective: the completed state of the finished work, doubly affirmedעָשָׂה (H6213); see 39:1; the doubled 'so they had done ... so they had done' (with עָשׂוּ אֹתָהּ earlier in the verse) forms a triple affirmation of obedience unmatched elsewhere in the chapter.
וַיְבָ֥רֶךְand he blessedconj וַ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line, closing act)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance -- the culminating act of benedictionבָּרַךְ (H1288) Piel 'to bless'; Moses' blessing of the craftsmen closes the tabernacle-construction narrative on a note of approval and favor, paralleling God's blessing at the completion of creation (Gen 1:28; 2:3).
אֹתָ֖םthemobj marker/3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object (pronominal)אֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, 'them,' referring to the craftsmen and people who built the tabernacle.
מֹשֶֽׁהMoses.proper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיְבָרֶךְ (postposed for emphasis)מֹשֶׁה (H4872); see 39:1; the subject is postponed to the end of the clause and of the chapter, giving Moses -- mediator of both command and completion -- the final emphatic word.