Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Exodus, Chapter 35שמות 35

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Moses reissues the Sabbath command and then relays YHWH's call for a freewill offering of materials and skilled labor; Israel's men and women respond with overwhelming generosity of gold, dyed cloth, spun thread, and gemstones, and Bezalel and Oholiab are publicly named as Spirit-filled craftsmen and teachers for the work ahead.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew text of ch. 35 is stable and well-preserved in the Masoretic tradition, essentially reduplicating chs. 25, 28, and 30-31 verbatim as Moses relays the divine instructions and the people begin fulfilling them. The chapter's most significant textual crux lies outside the MT itself: the Old Greek (LXX) version of Exodus 35-40 diverges sharply in length, order, and wording from the fuller, more repetitive Hebrew text translated here, abbreviating and rearranging the construction narrative — one of the classic test cases for Hebrew-Greek textual relationships in the Pentateuch. Within the MT, minor points of interest are limited to the rare terms כּוּמָז (v.22) and תַּחַשׁ (vv.7, 23), whose precise referents remain debated among lexicographers. Imported from OSHB/Westminster Leningrad Codex morphology; all translation, discourse, outline, syntax, force, and lexical annotation authored here.

1

וַיַּקְהֵ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֶֽת כָּל עֲדַ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת אֹתָֽם

Then Moses assembled all the congregation of the sons of Israel and said to them, ‘These are the words that the LORD has commanded you to do.’

Narrative resumption / new pericopeasyndeton
Opens a new narrative unit after the Sinai theophany and covenant renewal of chs. 32–34; Moses' assembling formula echoes 19:7 and signals a fresh public address, now restating command rather than giving new revelation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיַּקְהֵ֣לand he assembledconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · קָהַל (H6950)Wayyiqtol predicate opening the pericope (main narrative line)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָהַל (H6950) 'to assemble, convoke'; Hiphil causative — Moses summons the whole community, resuming the narrative frame from Exod 34's descent.
מֹשֶׁ֗הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיַּקְהֵלמֹשֶׁה (H4872), covenant mediator; here formally convening Israel to relay the sanctuary instructions he received on the mountain.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; marks כָּל עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל as definite direct object of ויַּקְהֵל.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing עֲדַת (totality expression)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every, totality'; construct before עֲדַת, 'the whole congregation.'
עֲדַ֛תcongregation ofN f sg constr · עֵדָה (H5712)Construct chain (genitival), head of בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵלעֵדָה (H5712) 'congregation, assembly', from יָעַד 'to appoint/meet'; the formally constituted community of Israel.
בְּנֵ֥יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct plural 'sons of', idiomatic for members/people of Israel.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complement completing the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant nation, named for Jacob's wrestling with God (Gen 32).
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol, second main-line verb (assembly then speech)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; standard verb introducing direct discourse.
אֲלֵהֶ֑םto themprep אֶל + 3mp suffix · אֶל (H413)Indirect object (addressee) of ויֹּאמֶראֶל (H413) 'to, toward', with 3mp suffix 'to them' — the assembled congregation.
אֵ֚לֶּהthesedemonstr pron c pl · אֵלֶּה (H428)Subject/predicate demonstrative, resumptive of what followsאֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'; plural demonstrative anticipating הַדְּבָרִים, a formulaic introduction (cf. Exod 19:6; 20:1).
הַדְּבָרִ֔יםthe wordsart + N m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Predicate nominative with אֵלֶּהדָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing, matter'; here the specific commands about to be restated (Sabbath, offering).
אֲשֶׁרwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing subordinate clause modifying הַדְּבָרִיםאֲשֶׁר (H834), invariable relative particle 'who/which/that'.
צִוָּ֥הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed act of divine command (already given on the mountain)צָוָה (H6680) Piel 'to command, charge'; the standing formula introducing tabernacle legislation (cf. 25:1; 31:6).
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God, the ultimate authority behind the sanctuary instructions.
לַעֲשֹׂ֥תto doprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Purpose/complement infinitive completing צִוָּה→ Infinitive: purpose/result of the command — action to be carried outעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; the chapter's dominant verb, governing the entire construction narrative to come.
אֹתָֽםthemobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of לַעֲשֹׂת (resuming הַדְּבָרִים)אֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, 'them', referring back to הַדְּבָרִים — the words/commands are to be performed.
2

שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֮ תֵּעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י יִהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם קֹ֛דֶשׁ שַׁבַּ֥ת שַׁבָּת֖וֹן לַיהוָ֑ה כָּל הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה ב֛וֹ מְלָאכָ֖ה יוּמָֽת

Six days work shall be done, but on the seventh day there shall be for you a holy day, a Sabbath of complete rest to the LORD; whoever does work on it shall be put to death.

Restatement of Sabbath law (legal/casuistic), grounds the following instructionsasyndeton
Before any construction begins, the Sabbath law is repeated verbatim from 31:14–15 — a deliberate literary safeguard: even zeal for the sanctuary must not override the more fundamental sign of the covenant.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
שֵׁ֣שֶׁתsix ofnumeral constr · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Construct governing יָמִים (adverbial time expression)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'; construct form before יָמִים, 'six days' — the creation-week pattern (Exod 20:9–11) reapplied to the workweek.
יָמִים֮daysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive complement of שֵׁשֶׁת; adverbial accusative of timeיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; plural completing the six-day workweek before the seventh-day rest.
תֵּעָשֶׂ֣הshall be doneNiphal impf 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), passive of permission→ Yiqtol: modal/permissive — work may be doneעָשָׂה (H6213) Niphal 'to be done, made'; passive voice keeps focus on the action of מְלָאכָה rather than the agent.
מְלָאכָה֒workN f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Subject of תֵּעָשֶׂהמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation, craft'; the same term used throughout for tabernacle labor (v.21 etc.) — deliberately linking daily labor and sacred construction under the Sabbath limit.
וּבַיּ֣וֹםbut on the dayconj וְ + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted, contrastive)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; with article and prep, 'on the ... day', contrasted with the six workdays.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗יthe seventhart + ordinal m sg abs · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Attributive adjective modifying יּוֹםשְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'seventh', ordinal from שֶׁבַע 'seven'; marks the Sabbath day.
יִהְיֶ֨הit shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: durative/modal — an abiding statusהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; states the ongoing status of the seventh day as holy.
לָכֶ֥םfor youprep לְ + 2mp suffix · לְDative of reference/possessionלְ prep 'to/for', with 2mp suffix 'for you'; marks the addressees for whom the day's holiness is defined.
קֹ֛דֶשׁholy, a holinessN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominative with יִהְיֶהקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sacredness', from קדשׁ 'to be set apart'; the day itself is declared sacred space in time.
שַׁבַּ֥תa sabbath ofN c sg constr · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Construct chain intensifying קֹדֶשׁ (apposition)שַׁבָּת (H7676) 'sabbath, cessation', from שָׁבַת 'to cease, rest'; construct before שַׁבָּתוֹן.
שַׁבָּת֖וֹןcomplete restN m sg abs · שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677)Genitive completing the construct chain (emphatic doubling)שַׁבָּתוֹן (H7677), an intensive/abstract noun from the same root as שַׁבָּת, 'a sabbath of complete rest' — the doubled expression heightens solemnity (cf. Lev 23:3).
לַיהוָ֑הto the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of reference (dedication)יְהוָה (H3068) with prep לְ; the Sabbath is dedicated/belongs to the LORD, as in Exod 20:10.
כָּלeveryoneN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing the substantival participle הָעֹשֶׂה (subject of יוּמָת)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct before the participle, 'whoever does...'.
הָעֹשֶׂ֥הdoesart + Qal ptc msc sg abs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Substantival participle, genitive complement of כָּל / subject of יוּמָת→ Participle: characterizing, habitual/generic actionעָשָׂה (H6213) Qal ptc 'the one doing'; substantival use, 'whoever does [work]'.
ב֛וֹon itprep בְּ + 3ms suffix · בְּAdverbial prepositional phrase (locative-temporal, referring to the Sabbath day)בְּ prep with 3ms suffix, referring back to הַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי, 'on it [the Sabbath]'.
מְלָאכָ֖הworkN f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Direct object of הָעֹשֶׂהמְלָאכָה (H4399), repeated from v.2; the object performed 'on it', triggering the death penalty.
יוּמָֽתshall be put to deathHophal impf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (main clause), apodosis of the conditional/relative construction→ Yiqtol: modal of legal consequence — mandatory penaltyמוּת (H4191) Hophal 'to be caused to die, be put to death'; the same capital-penalty formula as 31:14–15, underscoring the Sabbath's covenantal gravity even amid construction fervor.
3

לֹא תְבַעֲר֣וּ אֵ֔שׁ בְּכֹ֖ל מֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּי֖וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת

You shall not kindle a fire in any of your dwelling places on the Sabbath day.

Specification/expansion of the Sabbath prohibitionasyndeton
A concrete case-law addition to v.2's general prohibition, closing the Sabbath unit before the offering material begins in v.4; rabbinic tradition later made this verse foundational for Sabbath fire regulations.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לֹאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates the verb תְבַעֲרוּלֹא (H3808), absolute negative particle.
תְבַעֲר֣וּyou shall kindlePiel impf 2mp · בָּעַר (H1197)Predicate verb (main clause, prohibition)→ Yiqtol: modal prohibition (jussive-force negative command)בָּעַר (H1197) Piel 'to kindle, burn'; an added specification of the Sabbath prohibition, likely because fire-tending (cooking, metalworking) would otherwise seem exempt given the imminent building work.
אֵ֔שׁfireN c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Direct object of תְבַעֲרוּאֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'; the specific act singled out, perhaps because metalworking fires would be a natural extension of tabernacle labor.
בְּכֹ֖לin allprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Locative prepositional phrase, construct governing מֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶםכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct, 'in all of your dwelling places'.
מֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑םyour dwelling placesN m pl constr + 2mp suffix · מוֹשָׁב (H4186)Genitive completing the construct chainמוֹשָׁב (H4186) 'dwelling, settlement', from יָשַׁב 'to sit/dwell'; extends the prohibition to every household, wilderness tents included.
בְּי֖וֹםon the day ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase, construct governing הַשַּׁבָּתיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; construct before הַשַּׁבָּת.
הַשַּׁבָּֽתthe Sabbathart + N c sg abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Genitive completing the construct chainשַׁבָּת (H7676) 'sabbath, rest-day'; here the definite day itself named, closing the ring begun in v.2.
4

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל כָּל עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר

Then Moses said to all the congregation of the sons of Israel, ‘This is the thing that the LORD has commanded, saying:’

Introduces direct discourse — the offering appeal properasyndeton
A double quotative frame (לֵאמֹר...לֵאמֹר) nests the LORD's original command inside Moses' present speech, formally authorizing the appeal for materials that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol, resumes main narrative line after the Sabbath aside→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; resumptive verb reopening direct speech after the Sabbath law (vv.2–3).
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of ויֹּאמֶרמֹשֶׁה (H4872); repeated subject marks a fresh section of speech (the offering appeal).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Marks the addressee of ויֹּאמֶראֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; standard preposition introducing the audience.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing עֲדַתכֹּל (H3605); 'the whole congregation', as in v.1.
עֲדַ֥תcongregation ofN f sg constr · עֵדָה (H5712)Construct chain (genitival)עֵדָה (H5712); repeated designation of the assembled community.
בְּנֵֽיsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121); 'sons of Israel', standard idiom for the people.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complement completing the chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); the covenant nation.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive marking the onset of direct discourse (quotative frame)→ Infinitive: introduces reported speechאָמַר (H559); the standard 'saying' formula opening a direct quotation.
זֶ֣הthisdemonstr pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Subject/predicate demonstrativeזֶה (H2088) 'this'; singular demonstrative pointing to the single command about to follow (the offering), contrasting with plural אֵלֶּה in v.1.
הַדָּבָ֔רthe word/thingart + N m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Predicate nominative with זֶהדָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing, matter'; singular here (contrast plural in v.1) — 'this is the thing/matter'.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing the subordinate clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834); invariable relative, 'which/that'.
צִוָּ֥הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: completed act of commandצָוָה (H6680); repeats v.1's formula, grounding the offering appeal in divine authority, not Moses' initiative.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); the source of the command.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive, second quotative marker introducing the content of the command (vv.5ff.)→ Infinitive: introduces reported speechאָמַר (H559); doubled 'saying' (cf. word 8) frames the nested quotation: Moses says that the LORD commanded, saying...
5

קְח֨וּ מֵֽאִתְּכֶ֤ם תְּרוּמָה֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה כֹּ֚ל נְדִ֣יב לִבּ֔וֹ יְבִיאֶ֕הָ אֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף וּנְחֹֽשֶׁת

Take from among yourselves a contribution to the LORD. Whoever is of a willing heart, let him bring it as the LORD's contribution: gold, silver, and bronze;

Main appeal — the freewill-offering command (echoes 25:2–3 verbatim)asyndeton
The chapter's programmatic verse: giving is gated entirely on נְדִיב לֵב, willingness of heart, not quota or compulsion — a motif repeated at vv.21–29 and answered by the people's overwhelming response (36:5–7).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
קְח֨וּtake!Qal impv 2mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause, imperative)→ Volitional: imperative command initiating the appealלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; imperative opening the collection instructions.
מֵֽאִתְּכֶ֤םfrom among youprep מִן + prep אֵת + 2mp suffix · אֵת (H854)Source prepositional phrase modifying קְחוּאֵת (H854) 'with, among', compounded with מִן 'from' — 'from among yourselves', stressing the offering originates from the people's own resources.
תְּרוּמָה֙a contributionN f sg abs · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Direct object of קְחוּתְּרוּמָה (H8641) 'contribution, offering', from רוּם 'to be high/lifted'; a portion set aside/lifted out for sacred use, the technical term for this whole collection.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of recipientיְהוָה (H3068); the contribution's ultimate recipient/dedicatee.
כֹּ֚לeveryoneN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing נְדִיב (subject of יְבִיאֶהָ)כֹּל (H3605); 'every one/whoever', introducing the criterion of willingness.
נְדִ֣יבwilling ofadj m sg constr · נָדִיב (H5081)Construct completing כֹּל, governing לִבּוֹנָדִיב (H5081) 'noble, willing, generous'; construct before לֵב, 'whoever is willing of heart' — the chapter's key motif of voluntary, unforced giving.
לִבּ֔וֹhis heartN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · לֵב (H3820)Genitive completing the construct chain; logical subject of the participant's givingלֵב (H3820) 'heart, mind, will'; the seat of volition — the offering must arise from inner disposition, not compulsion.
יְבִיאֶ֕הָlet him bring itHiphil impf 3ms + 3fs suffix · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (main clause), object suffix referring to תְּרוּמַת יְהוָה→ Yiqtol: volitional/jussive nuance — let each one bringבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring, cause to come'; 3fs suffix anticipates the feminine תְּרוּמָה named explicitly in the next clause.
אֵ֖ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); marks תְּרוּמַת יְהוָה as the (resumed, explicit) direct object.
תְּרוּמַ֣תthe contribution ofN f sg constr · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Construct chain (genitival), in apposition to the suffix on יְבִיאֶהָתְּרוּמָה (H8641); resumed and specified as belonging to the LORD.
יְהוָ֑הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive completing the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068); the offering is 'the LORD's contribution' — dedicated wholly to Him.
זָהָ֥בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)First item in the materials list, in apposition to תְּרוּמַת יְהוָהזָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the most precious of the three metals, heading the list as in 25:3.
וָכֶ֖סֶףand silverconj וְ + N m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Second item, coordinated with זָהָבכֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'; used chiefly for the sockets/hooks of the tabernacle frame (38:25–28).
וּנְחֹֽשֶׁתand bronzeconj וְ + N f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Third item, coordinated with the preceding pairנְחֹשֶׁת (H5178) 'bronze/copper'; used for the altar, laver, and courtyard fittings — the base metal of the outer, more exposed furnishings.
6

וּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ וְעִזִּֽים

blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, fine linen, and goats' hair;

Continuation of the materials list, level with v.5asyndeton
Textile materials — the dyed threads and fabrics for the tabernacle's curtains and priestly garments, listed in the same order as 25:4.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וּתְכֵ֧לֶתand blueconj וְ + N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Continues the materials list (coordinate with v.5)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504) 'blue-violet [dye/wool]', likely from a murex-shell dye; used for the tabernacle curtains, veil, and priestly garments.
וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ןand purpleconj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Coordinate itemאַרְגָּמָן (H713) 'purple-red [dye/wool]'; a loanword reflecting the Phoenician purple-dye trade, paired with תְּכֵלֶת throughout.
וְתוֹלַ֥עַתand [crimson of]conj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Construct governing שָׁנִיתּוֹלַעַת (H8438) 'worm, scarlet-worm'; construct before שָׁנִי, the two together naming the scarlet/crimson dye derived from the kermes insect.
שָׁנִ֖יscarletN m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive completing the construct chainשָׁנִי (H8144) 'scarlet, crimson'; with תּוֹלַעַת forms the fixed phrase for the crimson dye/thread.
וְשֵׁ֥שׁand fine linenconj וְ + N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Coordinate itemשֵׁשׁ (H8336) 'fine (Egyptian) linen'; likely a loanword, the premium woven fabric for the inner hangings and priestly vestments (distinct from the numeral 'six', H8337).
וְעִזִּֽיםand goats' [hair]conj וְ + N f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Coordinate item, final in this verse's listעֵז (H5795) 'goat, she-goat'; here shorthand for goat-hair, the coarse cloth woven for the tabernacle's outer tent covering (26:7).
7

וְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאָדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים וַעֲצֵ֥י שִׂטִּֽים

rams' skins dyed red, fine leather, and acacia wood;

Continuation of the materials listasyndeton
Skins and wood for the frame and covering layers — practical building materials following the more decorative textiles of v.6.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְעֹרֹ֨תand skins ofconj וְ + N m pl constr · עוֹר (H5785)Construct governing אֵילִםעוֹר (H5785) 'skin, hide'; construct, 'skins of'.
אֵילִ֧םramsN m pl abs · אַיִל (H352)Genitive completing the construct chainאַיִל (H352) 'ram'; the animal whose hides, dyed red, formed the tabernacle's protective outer layer (26:14).
מְאָדָּמִ֛יםdyed redPual ptc m pl abs · אָדַם (H119)Attributive participle modifying עֹרֹת אֵילִם→ Participle: stative/passive attribute — a finished, dyed conditionאָדַם (H119) Pual (passive) 'made red, reddened'; the same root as אָדָם/אֱדוֹם, denoting the tanned red-dyed leather covering.
וְעֹרֹ֥תand skins ofconj וְ + N m pl constr · עוֹר (H5785)Construct governing תְּחָשִׁים, coordinate with word 1עוֹר (H5785); repeated for the second hide-type.
תְּחָשִׁ֖יםfine leather / sea-cowN m pl abs · תַּחַשׁ (H8476)Genitive completing the construct chainתַּחַשׁ (H8476), of disputed identity (dugong/sea-cow hide, or a fine dyed/tanned leather); forms the tabernacle's outermost, weatherproof covering (26:14).
וַעֲצֵ֥יand wood ofconj וְ + N m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Construct governing שִׂטִּיםעֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'; construct before שִׁטִּים.
שִׂטִּֽיםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive completing the construct chainשִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia'; the durable desert-hardwood used for the ark, table, altars, and frame (25:10ff.).
8

וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לַמָּא֑וֹר וּבְשָׂמִים֙ לְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים

oil for the light, spices for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense;

Continuation of the materials listasyndeton
Oils and spices for the lampstand, anointing, and incense — the aromatic and liquid materials completing the general list before the gemstones of v.9.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְשֶׁ֖מֶןand oilconj וְ + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Coordinate item continuing the materials listשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil' (olive oil); the base substance for both lamp fuel and anointing oil.
לַמָּא֑וֹרfor the lightprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · מָאוֹר (H3974)Purpose prepositional phrase modifying שֶׁמֶןמָאוֹר (H3974) 'luminary, light-source'; oil 'for the light' fuels the lampstand (27:20–21).
וּבְשָׂמִים֙and spicesconj וְ + N m pl abs · בֹּשֶׂם (H1314)Coordinate itemבֹּשֶׂם (H1314) 'spice, balsam'; aromatic ingredients for both anointing oil and incense.
לְשֶׁ֣מֶןfor the oil ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Purpose prepositional phrase, construct governing הַמִּשְׁחָהשֶׁמֶן (H8081); construct, 'for the oil of anointing'.
הַמִּשְׁחָ֔הthe anointingart + N f sg abs · מִשְׁחָה (H4888)Genitive completing the construct chainמִשְׁחָה (H4888) 'anointing', from מָשַׁח 'to smear/anoint'; the specially compounded oil consecrating priests and furnishings (30:22–33).
וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶתand for the incense ofconj וְ + prep לְ + N f sg constr · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Purpose prepositional phrase, construct governing הַסַּמִּיםקְטֹרֶת (H7004) 'incense, smoke offering', from קָטַר 'to burn/smoke'; construct before הַסַּמִּים.
הַסַּמִּֽיםthe fragrant spicesart + N m pl abs · סַם (H5561)Genitive completing the construct chainסַם (H5561) 'spice, perfume ingredient'; with קְטֹרֶת forms the fixed phrase for the sacred incense of 30:34–38.
9

וְאַ֨בְנֵי שֹׁ֔הַם וְאַבְנֵ֖י מִלֻּאִ֑ים לָאֵפ֖וֹד וְלַחֹֽשֶׁן

and onyx stones and stones for setting, for the ephod and for the breastpiece.

Concludes the materials listasyndeton
The list climaxes with the gemstones for the high-priestly vestments, matching 25:7 and anticipating the craftsmen who will set them (v.27, 39:6–14).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְאַ֨בְנֵיand stones ofconj וְ + N f pl constr · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct governing שֹׁהַםאֶבֶן (H68) 'stone'; construct plural, 'stones of'.
שֹׁ֔הַםonyxN m sg abs · שֹׁהַם (H7718)Genitive completing the construct chainשֹׁהַם (H7718), a precious stone (traditionally onyx or a similar banded gem); two such stones bore the tribal names on the ephod's shoulder-pieces (28:9–12).
וְאַבְנֵ֖יand stones ofconj וְ + N f pl constr · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct governing מִלֻּאִים, coordinate with word 1אֶבֶן (H68); repeated construct.
מִלֻּאִ֑יםsettingsN m pl abs · מִלֻּאִים (H4394)Genitive completing the construct chainמִלֻּאִים (H4394) 'fillings, settings', from מָלֵא 'to fill'; the twelve gemstones set into the high priest's breastpiece (28:17–20).
לָאֵפ֖וֹדfor the ephodprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Purpose prepositional phraseאֵפוֹד (H646), the high priest's ornate shoulder-garment (28:6–14).
וְלַחֹֽשֶׁןand for the breastpiececonj וְ + prep לְ + art + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Purpose prepositional phrase, coordinateחֹשֶׁן (H2833), the high priest's jeweled breastpiece of judgment, worn over the ephod (28:15–30).
10

וְכָל חֲכַם לֵ֖ב בָּכֶ֑ם יָבֹ֣אוּ וְיַעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֛ת כָּל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה יְהוָֽה

Let every wise-hearted person among you come and make all that the LORD has commanded:

Transition — appeal for skilled craftsmen, introducing the itemized inventory (vv.11–19)asyndeton
Shifts the appeal from material donors (vv.5–9) to skilled makers; the ensuing list (vv.11–19) is a compact table of contents for chs. 25–31's furnishings, now to be actually constructed.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְכָלand everyoneconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing חֲכַם לֵב (subject of יָבֹאוּ)כֹּל (H3605); shifts the appeal from materials (vv.5–9) to skilled labor.
חֲכַםwise ofadj m sg constr · חָכָם (H2450)Construct completing כָּל, governing לֵבחָכָם (H2450) 'wise, skilled'; construct before לֵב, 'wise of heart' — practical craft-skill, not merely intellect (cf. 28:3).
לֵ֖בheartN m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Genitive completing the construct chainלֵב (H3820) 'heart, mind'; the seat of both skill and will, paralleling נְדִיב לֵב in v.5.
בָּכֶ֑םamong youprep בְּ + 2mp suffix · בְּPrepositional phrase modifying חֲכַם לֵבבְּ prep with 2mp suffix, 'among you' — identifying the craftsmen as members of the community itself, not outside specialists.
יָבֹ֣אוּlet them comeQal impf 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: volitional/jussive — an invitation to come forwardבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; the wise-hearted are summoned to present themselves for the work.
וְיַעֲשׂ֔וּand let them makeconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb, coordinate with יָבֹאוּ→ Yiqtol: volitional/jussive — commissioned to makeעָשָׂה (H6213); the governing verb of construction, now assigned to the skilled workers.
אֵ֛ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853); marks the following clause as direct object of יַעֲשׂוּ.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing the relative clauseכֹּל (H3605); 'all that...', totalizing the scope of what is to be made.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing the subordinate clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834); invariable relative.
צִוָּ֖הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: completed act of commandצָוָה (H6680); repeats the command formula, tying the craftsmen's task directly to divine instruction, not human design.
יְהוָֽהthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068); final word of the appeal section, anchoring authority.
11

אֶת הַ֨מִּשְׁכָּ֔ן אֶֽת אָהֳל֖וֹ וְאֶת מִכְסֵ֑הוּ אֶת קְרָסָיו֙ וְאֶת קְרָשָׁ֔יו אֶת בְּרִיחָ֕ו אֶת עַמֻּדָ֖יו וְאֶת אֲדָנָֽיו

the tabernacle, its tent and its covering, its clasps and its frames, its bars, its pillars and its sockets;

First item in the construction inventory (structural frame)asyndeton
Opens the itemized inventory (through v.19), a telegraphic asyndetic list functioning as direct objects of יַעֲשׂוּ (v.10) — essentially a table of contents recapping chs. 26–27 in construction order.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker, first of the itemized list (object of יַעֲשׂוּ, v.10)אֵת (H853); opens the enumeration of items to be made.
הַ֨מִּשְׁכָּ֔ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Direct objectמִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'dwelling place', from שָׁכַן 'to dwell'; the tent-structure itself, God's portable dwelling among Israel.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (second item)אֵת (H853).
אָהֳל֖וֹits tentN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · אֹהֶל (H168)Direct objectאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; the goat-hair tent-cloth covering the מִשְׁכָּן proper (26:7–13).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ; continues the list.
מִכְסֵ֑הוּits coveringN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · מִכְסֶה (H4372)Direct objectמִכְסֶה (H4372) 'covering', from כָּסָה 'to cover'; the outer ram-skin/fine-leather layer over the tent (26:14).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
קְרָסָיו֙its claspsN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · קֶרֶס (H7165)Direct objectקֶרֶס (H7165) 'clasp, hook'; the gold/bronze fasteners joining the curtain sets (26:6, 11).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
קְרָשָׁ֔יוits framesN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Direct objectקֶרֶשׁ (H7175) 'board, frame'; the acacia-wood standing frames forming the tabernacle's walls (26:15–25).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
בְּרִיחָ֕וits barsN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Direct objectבְּרִיחַ (H1280) 'bar, bolt'; the horizontal crossbars stabilizing the frames (26:26–29).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
עַמֻּדָ֖יוits pillarsN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · עַמּוּד (H5982)Direct objectעַמּוּד (H5982) 'pillar, column'; supports for the veil and screen (26:32, 37).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
אֲדָנָֽיוits socketsN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · אֶדֶן (H134)Direct object, closing the frame-structure sub-listאֶדֶן (H134) 'socket, base'; the silver/bronze foundation-blocks receiving the frames and pillars (26:19, 21).
12

אֶת הָאָרֹ֥ן וְאֶת בַּדָּ֖יו אֶת הַכַּפֹּ֑רֶת וְאֵ֖ת פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ

the ark and its poles, the mercy seat, and the screening veil;

Second item — the ark and its veil (Most Holy Place furniture)asyndeton
Moves from structure to the innermost furnishings, following the compositional order of ch. 25 (ark before table and lampstand).
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הָאָרֹ֥ןthe arkart + N c sg abs · אָרוֹן (H727)Direct objectאָרוֹן (H727) 'ark, chest'; the acacia-and-gold chest housing the tablets, most sacred of the furnishings (25:10–16).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
בַּדָּ֖יוits polesN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · בַּד (H905)Direct objectבַּד (H905) 'pole, staff'; the carrying-poles left permanently in the ark's rings (25:15).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַכַּפֹּ֑רֶתthe mercy seatart + N f sg abs · כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727)Direct objectכַּפֹּרֶת (H3727) 'atonement cover', from כָּפַר 'to atone/cover'; the solid-gold lid where God meets Moses and atonement is enacted (25:17–22).
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
פָּרֹ֥כֶתthe veil ofN f sg constr · פָּרֹכֶת (H6532)Direct object, construct governing הַמָּסָךְפָּרֹכֶת (H6532), the inner veil separating the Holy of Holies (26:31–33); construct here is a fixed idiom, 'the screening veil'.
הַמָּסָֽךְthe screenart + N m sg abs · מָסָךְ (H4539)Genitive completing the construct chain (apposition)מָסָךְ (H4539) 'screen, covering curtain', from סָכַךְ 'to screen/cover'; here in apposition/construct with פָּרֹכֶת, denoting the veil precisely by its screening function.
13

אֶת הַשֻּׁלְחָ֥ן וְאֶת בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת כָּל כֵּלָ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת לֶ֥חֶם הַפָּנִֽים

the table and its poles and all its utensils, and the bread of the Presence;

Third item — the table of showbreadasyndeton
Continues the furnishings list in the order of ch. 25.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַשֻּׁלְחָ֥ןthe tableart + N m sg abs · שֻׁלְחָן (H7979)Direct objectשֻׁלְחָן (H7979) 'table'; the gold-overlaid table for the bread of the Presence (25:23–30).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
בַּדָּ֖יוits polesN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · בַּד (H905)Direct objectבַּד (H905); carrying-poles for the table.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing כֵּלָיוכֹּל (H3605); 'all of its vessels'.
כֵּלָ֑יוits vesselsN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive completing the construct chainכְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, utensil'; the table's dishes, pans, bowls, and jars (25:29).
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
לֶ֥חֶםthe bread ofN c sg constr · לֶחֶם (H3899)Direct object, construct governing הַפָּנִיםלֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'; construct before פָּנִים.
הַפָּנִֽיםthe Presenceart + N c pl abs · פָּנִים (H6440)Genitive completing the construct chainפָּנִים (H6440) 'face, presence' (plural of intensity); 'the bread of the Presence' set continually before the LORD (25:30).
14

וְאֶת מְנֹרַ֧ת הַמָּא֛וֹר וְאֶת כֵּלֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת נֵרֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֥מֶן הַמָּאֽוֹר

the lampstand for light and its utensils and its lamps, and the oil for the light;

Fourth item — the lampstandasyndeton
Continues the standard-furnishings list; note the wordplay מְנֹרַת הַמָּאוֹר...שֶׁמֶן הַמָּאוֹר bracketing the item.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
מְנֹרַ֧תthe lampstand ofN f sg constr · מְנוֹרָה (H4501)Direct object, construct governing הַמָּאוֹרמְנוֹרָה (H4501) 'lampstand', from נֵר/אוֹר 'light'; the golden lampstand of 25:31–40.
הַמָּא֛וֹרthe lightart + N m sg abs · מָאוֹר (H3974)Genitive completing the construct chainמָאוֹר (H3974) 'light, luminary'; 'the lampstand of light' i.e. for illumination.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
כֵּלֶ֖יהָits utensilsN m pl constr + 3fs suffix · כְּלִי (H3627)Direct objectכְּלִי (H3627); the lampstand's tongs, trays, etc. (25:38–39); 3fs suffix agrees with feminine מְנֹרָה.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
נֵרֹתֶ֑יהָits lampsN m pl constr + 3fs suffix · נֵר (H5216)Direct objectנֵר (H5216) 'lamp'; the seven lamps set atop the lampstand's branches (25:37).
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
שֶׁ֥מֶןthe oil ofN m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Direct object, construct governing הַמָּאוֹרשֶׁמֶן (H8081); construct, 'oil for the light'.
הַמָּאֽוֹרthe lightart + N m sg abs · מָאוֹר (H3974)Genitive completing the construct chain, closing the verseמָאוֹר (H3974); repeated, the fuel keeping the lamps continually burning (27:20).
15

וְאֶת מִזְבַּ֤ח הַקְּטֹ֨רֶת֙ וְאֶת בַּדָּ֔יו וְאֵת֙ שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת קְטֹ֣רֶת הַסַּמִּ֑ים וְאֶת מָסַ֥ךְ הַפֶּ֖תַח לְפֶ֥תַח הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן

the altar of incense and its poles, the anointing oil and the fragrant incense, and the screen for the entrance, for the entrance of the tabernacle;

Fifth item — the incense altar, oils, and doorway screenasyndeton
Groups the smaller Holy Place items together with the tent's own doorway screen, before the outer courtyard furnishings of vv.16–17.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
מִזְבַּ֤חthe altar ofN m sg constr · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Direct object, construct governing הַקְּטֹרֶתמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'altar', from זָבַח 'to sacrifice'; here the small gold incense altar (30:1–10), distinguished from the bronze altar of v.16.
הַקְּטֹ֨רֶת֙the incenseart + N f sg abs · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Genitive completing the construct chainקְטֹרֶת (H7004); genitive, 'the altar of incense'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
בַּדָּ֔יוits polesN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · בַּד (H905)Direct objectבַּד (H905); carrying-poles for the incense altar (30:4–5).
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
שֶׁ֣מֶןthe oil ofN m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Direct object, construct governing הַמִּשְׁחָהשֶׁמֶן (H8081); construct, resuming the anointing oil named in v.8.
הַמִּשְׁחָ֔הthe anointingart + N f sg abs · מִשְׁחָה (H4888)Genitive completing the construct chainמִשְׁחָה (H4888); the special compound oil of 30:22–33.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
קְטֹ֣רֶתthe incense ofN f sg constr · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Direct object, construct governing הַסַּמִּיםקְטֹרֶת (H7004); construct, resuming v.8's phrase.
הַסַּמִּ֑יםthe fragrant spicesart + N m pl abs · סַם (H5561)Genitive completing the construct chainסַם (H5561); the compounded fragrant incense of 30:34–38.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
מָסַ֥ךְthe screen ofN m sg constr · מָסָךְ (H4539)Direct object, construct governing הַפֶּתַחמָסָךְ (H4539); the woven screen hung as a doorway covering.
הַפֶּ֖תַחthe entranceart + N m sg abs · פֶּתַח (H6607)Genitive completing the construct chainפֶּתַח (H6607) 'opening, entrance'; genitive completing the construct chain.
לְפֶ֥תַחfor the entrance ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · פֶּתַח (H6607)Prepositional phrase specifying location, construct governing הַמִּשְׁכָּןפֶּתַח (H6607); specifies which entrance — the tabernacle's own doorway (26:36).
הַמִּשְׁכָּֽןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive completing the chainמִשְׁכָּן (H4908); genitive completing the chain, 'for the entrance of the tabernacle'.
16

אֵ֣ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֗ה וְאֶת מִכְבַּ֤ר הַנְּחֹ֨שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁר ל֔וֹ אֶת בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת כָּל כֵּלָ֑יו אֶת הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת כַּנּֽוֹ

the altar of burnt offering with its bronze grating, its poles, and all its vessels, the basin and its stand;

Sixth item — the bronze altar and laverasyndeton
Groups the two bronze courtyard furnishings, mirroring their placement between tent and gate in the actual courtyard layout.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
אֵ֣ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
מִזְבַּ֣חthe altar ofN m sg constr · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Direct object, construct governing הָעֹלָהמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196); here the large bronze altar of burnt offering (27:1–8), distinguished from the incense altar of v.15.
הָעֹלָ֗הthe burnt offeringart + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Genitive completing the construct chainעֹלָה (H5930) 'that which goes up', the whole burnt offering; names the altar by its chief use.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
מִכְבַּ֤רthe grating ofN m sg constr · מִכְבָּר (H4345)Direct object, construct governing הַנְּחֹשֶׁתמִכְבָּר (H4345) 'grating, network', from כָּבַר; the bronze mesh set inside the altar's hollow frame (27:4–5).
הַנְּחֹ֨שֶׁת֙the bronzeart + N f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Genitive completing the construct chainנְחֹשֶׁת (H5178); genitive, identifying the grating's material.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a modifying clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834).
ל֔וֹbelongs to itprep לְ + 3ms suffix · לְPredicate of the relative clause (possession)לְ prep with 3ms suffix, 'which is his/its' — the grating belonging to the altar.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
בַּדָּ֖יוits polesN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · בַּד (H905)Direct objectבַּד (H905); carrying-poles for the bronze altar.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing כֵּלָיוכֹּל (H3605).
כֵּלָ֑יוits vesselsN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · כְּלִי (H3627)Direct objectכְּלִי (H3627); the altar's pots, shovels, basins, forks, firepans (27:3).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַכִּיֹּ֖רthe basinart + N m sg abs · כִּיּוֹר (H3595)Direct objectכִּיּוֹר (H3595) 'basin, laver'; the bronze washing-basin for priestly ablutions (30:18).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
כַּנּֽוֹits standN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · כֵּן (H3653)Direct object, closing the courtyard-furniture sub-listכֵּן (H3653) 'base, stand'; the pedestal supporting the laver.
17

אֵ֚ת קַלְעֵ֣י הֶחָצֵ֔ר אֶת עַמֻּדָ֖יו וְאֶת אֲדָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֕ת מָסַ֖ךְ שַׁ֥עַר הֶחָצֵֽר

the hangings of the courtyard, its pillars and its sockets, and the screen for the gate of the courtyard;

Seventh item — the courtyard enclosureasyndeton
Completes the outer-court structure, moving outward from the altar/laver (v.16) to the perimeter hangings and gate.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אֵ֚ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
קַלְעֵ֣יthe hangings ofN m pl constr · קֶלַע (H7050)Direct object, construct governing הֶחָצֵרקֶלַע (H7050) 'hanging, curtain'; the woven linen screens enclosing the courtyard (27:9–15).
הֶחָצֵ֔רthe courtyardart + N c sg abs · חָצֵר (H2691)Genitive completing the construct chainחָצֵר (H2691) 'court, enclosure'; genitive completing the construct chain.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
עַמֻּדָ֖יוits pillarsN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · עַמּוּד (H5982)Direct objectעַמּוּד (H5982); the posts supporting the courtyard hangings.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
אֲדָנֶ֑יהָits socketsN m pl constr + 3fs suffix · אֶדֶן (H134)Direct objectאֶדֶן (H134); bases for the courtyard pillars; 3fs suffix agrees with feminine חָצֵר.
וְאֵ֕תand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
מָסַ֖ךְthe screen ofN m sg constr · מָסָךְ (H4539)Direct object, construct governing שַׁעַרמָסָךְ (H4539); the woven gate-screen (27:16).
שַׁ֥עַרthe gate ofN m sg constr · שַׁעַר (H8179)Genitive, further construct governing הֶחָצֵרשַׁעַר (H8179) 'gate'; construct, 'the gate of the courtyard'.
הֶחָצֵֽרthe courtyardart + N c sg abs · חָצֵר (H2691)Genitive completing the chainחָצֵר (H2691); closes the chain, the courtyard's single entrance.
18

אֶת יִתְדֹ֧ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן וְאֶת יִתְדֹ֥ת הֶחָצֵ֖ר וְאֶת מֵיתְרֵיהֶֽם

the pegs of the tabernacle and the pegs of the courtyard, and their cords;

Eighth item — pegs and cordsasyndeton
The humblest hardware closes the structural inventory before the priestly garments of v.19.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
יִתְדֹ֧תthe pegs ofN f pl constr · יָתֵד (H3489)Direct object, construct governing הַמִּשְׁכָּןיָתֵד (H3489) 'peg, stake'; anchors the tabernacle's tent-cloth to the ground.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive completing the construct chainמִשְׁכָּן (H4908).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
יִתְדֹ֥תthe pegs ofN f pl constr · יָתֵד (H3489)Direct object, construct governing הֶחָצֵריָתֵד (H3489); repeated for the courtyard's pegs.
הֶחָצֵ֖רthe courtyardart + N c sg abs · חָצֵר (H2691)Genitive completing the construct chainחָצֵר (H2691).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
מֵיתְרֵיהֶֽםtheir cordsN m pl constr + 3mp suffix · מֵיתָר (H4340)Direct object, closing the structural-hardware sub-listמֵיתָר (H4340) 'cord, tent-rope'; the guy-ropes tensioning both tent and courtyard hangings against their pegs.
19

אֶת בִּגְדֵ֥י הַשְּׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אֶת בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙ לְאַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו לְכַהֵֽן

the finely worked garments for ministering in the holy place — the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, for serving as priests.

Ninth and final item — priestly vestments, closing the inventoryasyndeton
Closes the itemized construction list (vv.11–19) with the priestly garments, moving from structure and furnishings to the personnel who will serve in them — a fitting hinge into the narrative of the people's actual response (vv.20ff.).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
בִּגְדֵ֥יthe garments ofN m pl constr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object, construct governing הַשְּׂרָדבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'; construct.
הַשְּׂרָ֖דthe finely worked serviceart + N m sg abs · שְׂרָד (H8278)Genitive completing the construct chainשְׂרָד (H8278), a rare term (elsewhere only 39:1, 41) for finely woven service-vestments; likely from a root meaning 'to plait/weave'.
לְשָׁרֵ֣תto ministerprep לְ + Piel inf constr · שָׁרַת (H8334)Purpose infinitive modifying בִּגְדֵי הַשְּׂרָד→ Infinitive: purpose — garments made in order to serveשָׁרַת (H8334) Piel 'to minister, serve'; the priestly service in the sanctuary.
בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁin the holy placeprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Locative prepositional phrase modifying לְשָׁרֵתקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy place, sanctuary'; where the woven service-garments are used.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
בִּגְדֵ֤יthe garments ofN m pl constr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object, construct governing הַקֹּדֶשׁבֶּגֶד (H899); repeated.
הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙holinessart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chainקֹדֶשׁ (H6944); 'the holy garments' — the high priest's own vestments (28:2–4).
לְאַהֲרֹ֣ןfor Aaronprep לְ + proper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Dative of recipient/beneficiaryאַהֲרֹן (H175), Moses' brother, appointed high priest (28:1).
הַכֹּהֵ֔ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Apposition to אַהֲרֹןכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; Aaron's office named in apposition.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
בִּגְדֵ֥יthe garments ofN m pl constr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object, construct governing בָנָיובֶּגֶד (H899); repeated a third time.
בָנָ֖יוhis sonsN m pl constr + 3ms suffix · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive completing the construct chainבֵּן (H1121); Aaron's sons, the ordinary priests (28:40–43).
לְכַהֵֽןto serve as priestprep לְ + Piel inf constr · כָּהַן (H3547)Purpose infinitive modifying the whole verse→ Infinitive: purpose — vestments made for priestly serviceכָּהַן (H3547) Piel 'to act as priest, serve in the priesthood'; closes the inventory with the garments' functional purpose.
20

וַיֵּֽצְא֛וּ כָּל עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִלִּפְנֵ֥י מֹשֶֽׁה

Then all the congregation of the sons of Israel went out from the presence of Moses.

Narrative hinge — response beginsוַ
A brief narrative beat separating the appeal (vv.4–19) from its enthusiastic fulfillment (vv.21ff.); the people leave Moses' presence to act, not merely to disperse.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיֵּֽצְא֛וּand they went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Wayyiqtol, main narrative verb opening the response section→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; marks the congregation's departure from the assembly to prepare their gifts.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing עֲדַתכֹּל (H3605); 'the whole congregation', echoing v.1.
עֲדַ֥תcongregation ofN f sg constr · עֵדָה (H5712)Construct chain (genitival)עֵדָה (H5712).
בְּנֵֽיsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complement completing the chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
מִלִּפְנֵ֥יfrom beforeprep מִן + prep לְ + N c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase of separation modifying ויֵּצְאוּפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; compound preposition 'from before/from the presence of' — departing Moses' presence to act.
מֹשֶֽׁהMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Genitive completing the compound prepositional phraseמֹשֶׁה (H4872).
21

וַיָּבֹ֕אוּ כָּל אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר נְשָׂא֣וֹ לִבּ֑וֹ וְכֹ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נָדְבָ֨ה רוּח֜וֹ אֹת֗וֹ הֵ֠בִיאוּ אֶת תְּרוּמַ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה לִמְלֶ֨אכֶת אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ וּלְכָל עֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹ וּלְבִגְדֵ֖י הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ

And they came, everyone whose heart stirred him, and everyone whose spirit moved him, and brought the LORD's contribution for the work of the tent of meeting, and for all its service, and for the holy garments.

Response narrative begins — fulfillment of the appealוַ
A carefully balanced double relative clause (heart.../spirit...) frames the whole response section (through v.29) as arising purely from inward disposition, echoing and fulfilling the criterion set in v.5.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיָּבֹ֕אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol, main narrative verb→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'to come'; the people's approach to bring their gifts.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing אִישׁכֹּל (H3605).
אִ֖ישׁmanN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Genitive/subject, head of the relative clauseאִישׁ (H376) 'man, person'; here in a generic, gender-inclusive sense (paired with the parallel רוּחַ clause, and explicit 'men and women' in vv.22, 29).
אֲשֶׁרwhomrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
נְשָׂא֣וֹlifted himQal perf 3ms + 3ms suffix · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb of the relative clause, object suffix referring back to אִישׁ→ Perfective: a decisive inward promptingנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry'; idiomatic 'his heart lifted him' = he felt moved/inspired — same idiom as v.5's נְדִיב לִבּוֹ.
לִבּ֑וֹhis heartN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · לֵב (H3820)Subject of נְשָׂאוֹלֵב (H3820); the heart as the acting subject, personifying inward motivation.
וְכֹ֡לand everyoneconj וְ + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate subject, parallel to כָּל אִישׁכֹּל (H3605); introduces the parallel clause (spirit rather than heart).
אֲשֶׁר֩whomrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
נָדְבָ֨הmade willingQal perf 3fs · נָדַב (H5068)Predicate verb of the relative clause (fem. agreeing with רוּחַ)→ Perfective: a decisive inward impulseנָדַב (H5068) 'to incite, impel voluntarily'; root of נְדָבָה/נָדִיב, the whole chapter's key term for freewill giving.
רוּח֜וֹhis spiritN c sg constr + 3ms suffix · רוּחַ (H7307)Subject of נָדְבָהרוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit, wind, breath'; parallels לֵב in the prior clause — the whole inner person is stirred to give.
אֹת֗וֹ[obj] him/itobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker resuming the subject as object of הֵבִיאוּאֵת (H853) with 3ms suffix, resumptive, 'brought it/him' — anticipates the offering itself.
הֵ֠בִיאוּbroughtHiphil perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Main predicate verb of the sentence (both relative clauses as compound subject)→ Perfective: the decisive act of bringing, completedבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring'; the main verb governing both the heart-moved and spirit-moved groups.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
תְּרוּמַ֨תthe contribution ofN f sg constr · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Direct object, construct governing יְהוָהתְּרוּמָה (H8641); resumes v.5's term.
יְהוָ֜הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive completing the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068).
לִמְלֶ֨אכֶתfor the work ofprep לְ + N f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Purpose prepositional phrase modifying הֵבִיאוּ, construct governing אֹהֶל מוֹעֵדמְלָאכָה (H4399); 'for the work/service of', naming the offering's destination.
אֹ֤הֶלthe tent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Genitive, further constructאֹהֶל (H168); construct before מוֹעֵד.
מוֹעֵד֙meetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive completing the construct chainמוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time/place'; 'tent of meeting', the sanctuary as the place of appointed divine-human encounter.
וּלְכָלand for allconj וְ + prep לְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate purpose prepositional phrase, construct governing עֲבֹדָתוֹכֹּל (H3605); 'and for all of'.
עֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹits serviceN f sg constr + 3ms suffix · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive completing the construct chainעֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, work', from עָבַד 'to serve/work'; the tent's ongoing ritual service, beyond its initial construction.
וּלְבִגְדֵ֖יand for the garments ofconj וְ + prep לְ + N m pl constr · בֶּגֶד (H899)Coordinate purpose prepositional phrase, construct governing הַקֹּדֶשׁבֶּגֶד (H899); resumes v.19's term.
הַקֹּֽדֶשׁholinessart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive completing the construct chain, closing the verseקֹדֶשׁ (H6944); 'the holy garments', the priestly vestments.
22

וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים עַל הַנָּשִׁ֑ים כֹּ֣ל נְדִ֣יב לֵ֗ב הֵ֠בִיאוּ חָ֣ח וָנֶ֜זֶם וְטַבַּ֤עַת וְכוּמָז֙ כָּל כְּלִ֣י זָהָ֔ב וְכָל אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵנִ֛יף תְּנוּפַ֥ת זָהָ֖ב לַיהוָֽה

So they came, both men and women; all who were willing brought brooches and earrings and signet rings and ornaments, all sorts of articles of gold, every man dedicating an offering of gold to the LORD.

Specific example — men and women bringing gold jewelryוַ
The first concrete instantiation of v.21's general statement, and the only verse naming men and women explicitly as joint donors of the same class of items; the personal-adornment vocabulary (חָח, נֶזֶם, טַבַּעַת, כּוּמָז) is unusually dense, evoking sacrificial generosity of personal wealth.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיָּבֹ֥אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol, main narrative verb→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935); repeats v.21's verb, now specifying the givers.
הָאֲנָשִׁ֖יםthe menart + N m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject of ויָּבֹאוּאִישׁ (H376); plural, 'the men', now paired explicitly with 'the women'.
עַלalong withprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase joining the two subjectsעַל (H5921) 'upon, over, besides'; here in the sense 'together with/in addition to' — men and women together.
הַנָּשִׁ֑יםthe womenart + N f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Coordinate subjectאִשָּׁה (H802) 'woman'; the text pointedly includes women among the donors of jewelry (cf. v.25's women spinners, v.29).
כֹּ֣לeveryoneN m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Construct/apposition governing נְדִיב לֵב, restates the subjectכֹּל (H3605); resumes the willing-heart criterion of v.5, v.21.
נְדִ֣יבwilling ofadj m sg constr · נָדִיב (H5081)Construct completing כֹּלנָדִיב (H5081).
לֵ֗בheartN m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Genitive completing the construct chainלֵב (H3820).
הֵ֠בִיאוּbroughtHiphil perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Main predicate verb→ Perfective: the completed act of bringingבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil; repeated main verb.
חָ֣חa broochN m sg abs · חָח (H2397)First item in the jewelry list, direct object of הֵבִיאוּחָח (H2397), a hook-shaped ornament or nose/brooch-ring, of uncertain precise form.
וָנֶ֜זֶםand a ringconj וְ + N m sg abs · נֶזֶם (H5141)Coordinate itemנֶזֶם (H5141) 'ring, earring/nose-ring'; a common item of personal adornment (cf. Gen 24:22).
וְטַבַּ֤עַתand a signet ringconj וְ + N f sg abs · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Coordinate itemטַבַּעַת (H2885) 'ring, signet'; from טָבַע 'to sink/impress' — a seal-ring.
וְכוּמָז֙and an ornamentconj וְ + N m sg abs · כּוּמָז (H3558)Coordinate item, last specific pieceכּוּמָז (H3558), a rare term for a gold ornament (perhaps a pendant or clasp), attested only here and Num 31:50.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing כְּלִי זָהָב, summarizing categoryכֹּל (H3605); generalizes after the specific list.
כְּלִ֣יarticle ofN m sg constr · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive, further construct governing זָהָבכְּלִי (H3627) 'article, vessel'; here 'article of gold', a summary category over the named jewelry.
זָהָ֔בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the construct chainזָהָב (H2091).
וְכָלand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing אִישׁ, introducing a new coordinate clauseכֹּל (H3605).
אִ֕ישׁmanN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Genitive/head of the relative clauseאִישׁ (H376); now specifying those who had already dedicated gold by the wave offering.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhorelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
הֵנִ֛יףwaved/presentedHiphil perf 3ms · נוּף (H5130)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed ritual actנוּף (H5130) Hiphil 'to wave, brandish'; the technical gesture of presenting a תְּנוּפָה, a wave offering (cf. Lev 7:30).
תְּנוּפַ֥תa wave offering ofN f sg constr · תְּנוּפָה (H8573)Direct object of הֵנִיף, construct governing זָהָבתְּנוּפָה (H8573), from נוּף; a dedicatory offering marked by a ritual waving gesture — here applied to freely offered gold, not sacrificial meat.
זָהָ֖בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive completing the chainזָהָב (H2091); genitive completing the chain.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of recipient, closing the verseיְהוָה (H3068); the ultimate recipient of the gold offering.
23

וְכָל אִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר נִמְצָ֣א אִתּ֗וֹ תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ וְעִזִּ֑ים וְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאָדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים הֵבִֽיאוּ

And everyone with whom was found blue or purple or scarlet yarn or fine linen or goats' hair, or rams' skins dyed red, or fine leather, brought them.

Second concrete example — textile and hide donorsוַ
A long casus pendens construction: the subject clause (everyone possessing any of six materials) is suspended across the whole verse before the main verb הֵבִיאוּ finally arrives, mirroring the sheer abundance of what is being brought.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְכָלand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing אִישׁכֹּל (H3605).
אִ֞ישׁmanN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Genitive/subjectאִישׁ (H376); here representing any donor, regardless of item-type — textiles rather than jewelry.
אֲשֶׁרwith whomrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
נִמְצָ֣אwas foundNiphal perf 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed state — possession already heldמָצָא (H4672) Niphal 'to be found'; idiomatically, 'with whom [these materials] were found' = whoever possessed them.
אִתּ֗וֹwith himprep אֵת + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H854)Locative/possessive prepositional phrase, subject-complement of נִמְצָאאֵת (H854) 'with'; marks personal possession.
תְּכֵ֧לֶתblueN f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Subject of נִמְצָא (first item)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504); resumes v.6's term.
וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ןand purpleconj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Coordinate itemאַרְגָּמָן (H713).
וְתוֹלַ֥עַתand [crimson of]conj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Construct governing שָׁנִיתּוֹלַעַת (H8438).
שָׁנִ֖יscarletN m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive completing the construct chainשָׁנִי (H8144).
וְשֵׁ֣שׁand fine linenconj וְ + N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Coordinate itemשֵׁשׁ (H8336).
וְעִזִּ֑יםand goats' [hair]conj וְ + N f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Coordinate itemעֵז (H5795).
וְעֹרֹ֨תand skins ofconj וְ + N m pl constr · עוֹר (H5785)Construct governing אֵילִםעוֹר (H5785).
אֵילִ֧םramsN m pl abs · אַיִל (H352)Genitive completing the construct chainאַיִל (H352).
מְאָדָּמִ֛יםdyed redPual ptc m pl abs · אָדַם (H119)Attributive participle modifying עֹרֹת אֵילִם→ Participle: stative/passive attributeאָדַם (H119) Pual ptc.
וְעֹרֹ֥תand skins ofconj וְ + N m pl constr · עוֹר (H5785)Construct governing תְּחָשִׁיםעוֹר (H5785).
תְּחָשִׁ֖יםfine leatherN m pl abs · תַּחַשׁ (H8476)Genitive completing the construct chainתַּחַשׁ (H8476).
הֵבִֽיאוּbroughtHiphil perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Main predicate verb, resuming after the long intervening subject list→ Perfective: the completed act of bringingבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil; the delayed main verb, its subject (וְכָל אִישׁ...) having been extended by the entire materials list.
24

כָּל מֵרִ֗ים תְּר֤וּמַת כֶּ֨סֶף֙ וּנְחֹ֔שֶׁת הֵבִ֕יאוּ אֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה וְכֹ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נִמְצָ֨א אִתּ֜וֹ עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֛ים לְכָל מְלֶ֥אכֶת הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה הֵבִֽיאוּ

Everyone who could make an offering of silver or bronze brought the LORD's contribution. And everyone with whom was found acacia wood for any work of the service brought it.

Third and fourth examples — metal and wood donorsוַ
The triple repetition of הֵבִיאוּ in this verse alone (cf. also vv.22–23, 29) forms an insistent drumbeat of giving that dramatizes the community's response before the specialist skills of vv.25–29.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
כָּלeveryoneN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing the participle מֵרִיםכֹּל (H3605).
מֵרִ֗יםwho contributedHiphil ptc msc sg abs · רוּם (H7311)Substantival participle, genitive complement of כָּל / subject of הֵבִיאוּ→ Participle: characterizing action — one who lifts out/contributesרוּם (H7311) Hiphil 'to lift, raise, contribute'; same root as תְּרוּמָה, so 'everyone who contributed a contribution'.
תְּר֤וּמַתa contribution ofN f sg constr · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Direct object of מֵרִים, construct governing כֶּסֶף וּנְחֹשֶׁתתְּרוּמָה (H8641).
כֶּ֨סֶף֙silverN m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Genitive completing the construct chainכֶּסֶף (H3701).
וּנְחֹ֔שֶׁתand bronzeconj וְ + N f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Coordinate genitiveנְחֹשֶׁת (H5178).
הֵבִ֕יאוּbroughtHiphil perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Main predicate verb→ Perfective: the completed act of bringingבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil.
אֵ֖ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
תְּרוּמַ֣תthe contribution ofN f sg constr · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Direct object, construct governing יְהוָהתְּרוּמָה (H8641).
יְהוָ֑הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive completing the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068).
וְכֹ֡לand everyoneconj וְ + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate subject, new clauseכֹּל (H3605).
אֲשֶׁר֩with whomrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
נִמְצָ֨אwas foundNiphal perf 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed state — possession already heldמָצָא (H4672) Niphal.
אִתּ֜וֹwith himprep אֵת + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H854)Locative/possessive prepositional phraseאֵת (H854).
עֲצֵ֥יwood ofN m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Subject of נִמְצָאעֵץ (H6086).
שִׁטִּ֛יםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive completing the construct chainשִׁטָּה (H7848).
לְכָלfor allprep לְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Purpose prepositional phrase modifying הֵבִיאוּ, construct governing מְלֶאכֶתכֹּל (H3605).
מְלֶ֥אכֶתthe work ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive, further construct governing הָעֲבֹדָהמְלָאכָה (H4399).
הָעֲבֹדָ֖הthe serviceart + N f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive completing the construct chainעֲבֹדָה (H5656); 'the work of the service' — near-synonym doubling for emphasis.
הֵבִֽיאוּbroughtHiphil perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Main predicate verb, closing the verse→ Perfective: the completed act of bringingבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil; repeated a third time in this verse, underscoring the sheer volume of separate contributions.
25

וְכָל אִשָּׁ֥ה חַכְמַת לֵ֖ב בְּיָדֶ֣יהָ טָו֑וּ וַיָּבִ֣יאוּ מַטְוֶ֗ה אֶֽת הַתְּכֵ֨לֶת֙ וְאֶת הָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ן אֶת תּוֹלַ֥עַת הַשָּׁנִ֖י וְאֶת הַשֵּֽׁשׁ

And every wise-hearted woman spun with her hands, and they brought what they had spun — the blue, the purple, the scarlet, and the fine linen.

Fifth example — the skilled women spinnersוַ
The first named female craft-guild in the chapter: wise-hearted women personally convert raw dyed fiber into usable thread, paralleling and complementing v.10's wise-hearted men.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְכָלand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing אִשָּׁהכֹּל (H3605); shifts focus to the skilled women (cf. v.26).
אִשָּׁ֥הwomanN f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Genitive/subjectאִשָּׁה (H802) 'woman'; here explicitly credited with a specific craft-skill.
חַכְמַתwise ofadj f sg constr · חָכָם (H2450)Construct completing אִשָּׁה, governing לֵבחָכָם (H2450) fem. construct; 'wise of heart', the same term used of the male craftsmen in v.10, applied here to women — no gender distinction in skill.
לֵ֖בheartN m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Genitive completing the construct chainלֵב (H3820).
בְּיָדֶ֣יהָwith their handsprep בְּ + N c dual constr + 3fs suffix · יָד (H3027)Instrumental prepositional phrase modifying טָווּיָד (H3027) 'hand'; dual form, 'with their [own] hands' — emphasizing personal manual skill, not merely donated raw materials.
טָו֑וּspunQal perf 3cp · טָוָה (H2901)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, skilled act of productionטָוָה (H2901) 'to spin'; the specific technical skill of turning raw fiber into thread, attested nowhere else in the Pentateuch outside this passage.
וַיָּבִ֣יאוּand they broughtconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol, coordinate main verb→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil; they bring the finished product, not raw material — a step up from the general donors.
מַטְוֶ֗הspun yarnN m sg abs · מַטְוֶה (H4299)Direct object of ויָּבִיאוּמַטְוֶה (H4299), a nominal form from טָוָה, 'that which is spun' — the finished thread they produced by hand.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַתְּכֵ֨לֶת֙the blueart + N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Apposition specifying מַטְוֶה (first color)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
הָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ןthe purpleart + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Appositionאַרְגָּמָן (H713).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
תּוֹלַ֥עַת[crimson of]N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Construct governing הַשָּׁנִיתּוֹלַעַת (H8438).
הַשָּׁנִ֖יthe scarletart + N m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive completing the construct chainשָׁנִי (H8144).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
הַשֵּֽׁשׁthe fine linenart + N m sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Final apposition specifying מַטְוֶהשֵׁשׁ (H8336); the fourth and final fiber the skilled women spun into thread by hand.
26

וְכָל הַ֨נָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָשָׂ֥א לִבָּ֛ן אֹתָ֖נָה בְּחָכְמָ֑ה טָו֖וּ אֶת הָעִזִּֽים

And all the women whose heart stirred them in skill spun the goats' hair.

Sixth example — a second group of skilled womenוַ
Distinguishes goat-hair spinners from the finer-thread spinners of v.25, explicitly naming their disposition 'in wisdom/skill' (בְּחָכְמָה) rather than merely 'willing heart' — craft competence, not only enthusiasm, is prized.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing הַנָּשִׁיםכֹּל (H3605).
הַ֨נָּשִׁ֔יםthe womenart + N f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Genitive/subjectאִשָּׁה (H802); plural, a second group of skilled women.
אֲשֶׁ֨רwhomrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
נָשָׂ֥אliftedQal perf 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a decisive inward promptingנָשָׂא (H5375); the same 'heart lifted' idiom as v.21, here with לֵב as (grammatically singular, notionally collective) subject.
לִבָּ֛ןtheir heartN m sg constr + 3fp suffix · לֵב (H3820)Subject of נָשָׂאלֵב (H3820); 3fp suffix, 'their [fem. pl.] heart'.
אֹתָ֖נָה[obj] themobj marker + 3fp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker, resumptive of הַנָּשִׁיםאֵת (H853) with 3fp suffix, resuming 'the women' as object of the idiom.
בְּחָכְמָ֑הin wisdomprep בְּ + N f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Adverbial prepositional phrase modifying טָווּחָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom, skill'; the abstract noun corresponding to חָכָם/חֲכַם לֵב elsewhere — here explicit, marking their craft as skilled expertise, not mere effort.
טָו֖וּspunQal perf 3cp · טָוָה (H2901)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, skilled act of productionטָוָה (H2901); repeated from v.25, now applied to the coarser goat-hair fiber.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הָעִזִּֽיםthe goats' [hair]art + N f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Direct object of טָווּעֵז (H5795); the coarse fiber for the outer tent-covering (26:7), requiring its own distinct spinning skill from the fine linen/dyed threads of v.25.
27

וְהַנְּשִׂאִ֣ם הֵבִ֔יאוּ אֵ֚ת אַבְנֵ֣י הַשֹּׁ֔הַם וְאֵ֖ת אַבְנֵ֣י הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים לָאֵפ֖וֹד וְלַחֹֽשֶׁן

And the leaders brought onyx stones and stones for setting, for the ephod and for the breastpiece;

Seventh example — the tribal leaders' gemstone contributionוַ
The only donor group named by rank rather than description; their contribution of ready-cut, high-value gemstones for the high priest's vestments contrasts with the ordinary people's raw jewelry (v.22) and hand-spun thread (vv.25–26) — leadership giving from its distinctive resources.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְהַנְּשִׂאִ֣םand the leadersconj וְ + art + N m pl abs · נָשִׂיא (H5387)Subject of הֵבִיאוּנָשִׂיא (H5387) 'leader, chieftain, prince', from נָשָׂא 'to lift up'; the tribal leaders — the only named class of donor in the chapter, fittingly bringing the costliest items.
הֵבִ֔יאוּbroughtHiphil perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: the completed act of bringingבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil.
אֵ֚ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
אַבְנֵ֣יstones ofN f pl constr · אֶבֶן (H68)Direct object, construct governing הַשֹּׁהַםאֶבֶן (H68).
הַשֹּׁ֔הַםthe onyxart + N m sg abs · שֹׁהַם (H7718)Genitive completing the construct chainשֹׁהַם (H7718); resumes v.9's term.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
אַבְנֵ֣יstones ofN f pl constr · אֶבֶן (H68)Direct object, construct governing הַמִּלֻּאִיםאֶבֶן (H68).
הַמִּלֻּאִ֑יםthe settingsart + N m pl abs · מִלֻּאִים (H4394)Genitive completing the construct chainמִלֻּאִים (H4394); resumes v.9's term.
לָאֵפ֖וֹדfor the ephodprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Purpose prepositional phraseאֵפוֹד (H646).
וְלַחֹֽשֶׁןand for the breastpiececonj וְ + prep לְ + art + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Purpose prepositional phrase, closing the verseחֹשֶׁן (H2833); the priestly stones' destination named exactly as in v.9.
28

וְאֶת הַבֹּ֖שֶׂם וְאֶת הַשָּׁ֑מֶן לְמָא֕וֹר וּלְשֶׁ֨מֶן֙ הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים

and the spice and oil for the light, and for the anointing oil, and for the fragrant incense.

Continuation of the leaders' contribution (v.27)וַ
Completes the leaders' gift-list with the aromatic and oil items, matching v.8's general appeal precisely — the leaders supply exactly what was requested.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker, continuing v.27's list of what the leaders broughtאֵת with וְ.
הַבֹּ֖שֶׂםthe spiceart + N m sg abs · בֹּשֶׂם (H1314)Direct objectבֹּשֶׂם (H1314); resumes v.8's term, now supplied specifically by the leaders.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת with וְ.
הַשָּׁ֑מֶןthe oilart + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Direct objectשֶׁמֶן (H8081).
לְמָא֕וֹרfor lightprep לְ + N m sg abs · מָאוֹר (H3974)Purpose prepositional phraseמָאוֹר (H3974).
וּלְשֶׁ֨מֶן֙and for the oil ofconj וְ + prep לְ + N m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Purpose prepositional phrase, construct governing הַמִּשְׁחָהשֶׁמֶן (H8081).
הַמִּשְׁחָ֔הthe anointingart + N f sg abs · מִשְׁחָה (H4888)Genitive completing the construct chainמִשְׁחָה (H4888).
וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶתand for the incense ofconj וְ + prep לְ + N f sg constr · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Purpose prepositional phrase, construct governing הַסַּמִּיםקְטֹרֶת (H7004).
הַסַּמִּֽיםthe fragrant spicesart + N m pl abs · סַם (H5561)Genitive completing the chain, closing the verseסַם (H5561).
29

כָּל אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָדַ֣ב לִבָּם֮ אֹתָם֒ לְהָבִיא֙ לְכָל הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּיַד מֹשֶׁ֑ה הֵבִ֧יאוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל נְדָבָ֖ה לַיהוָֽה

All the men and women, the people of Israel, whose heart moved them to bring anything for the work that the LORD had commanded by Moses to be done, brought it as a freewill offering to the LORD.

Summary and closure of the offering narrative (vv.20–29)asyndeton
A grand summary sentence recapitulating every donor group of vv.20–28 under a single formula and naming the whole enterprise נְדָבָה, 'freewill offering' — the term that gives the pericope its theological center of gravity, before the narrative turns to the craftsmen (vv.30–35).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing אִישׁ וְאִשָּׁהכֹּל (H3605); summarizes the whole preceding response, uniting men and women (cf. v.22).
אִ֣ישׁmanN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Genitive/subjectאִישׁ (H376).
וְאִשָּׁ֗הand womanconj וְ + N f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Coordinate genitive/subjectאִשָּׁה (H802); paired with אִישׁ, a merism for 'every person'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רwhoserelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
נָדַ֣בimpelledQal perf 3ms · נָדַב (H5068)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a decisive inward impulseנָדַב (H5068); resumes v.21's root, now with לֵב as subject of the finite verb (rather than the periphrastic idiom).
לִבָּם֮their heartN m sg constr + 3mp suffix · לֵב (H3820)Subject of נָדַבלֵב (H3820).
אֹתָם֒[obj] themobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker, resumptive of the subjectאֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, resuming 'them' as logical object of the idiom (their heart impelled them).
לְהָבִיא֙to bringprep לְ + Hiphil inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Purpose/complement infinitive completing נָדַב→ Infinitive: purpose — the impulse's intended outcomeבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil inf constr; the goal toward which their heart impelled them.
לְכָלfor allprep לְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Purpose prepositional phrase modifying לְהָבִיא, construct governing הַמְּלָאכָהכֹּל (H3605).
הַמְּלָאכָ֔הthe workart + N f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive completing the construct chainמְלָאכָה (H4399); the totality of the tabernacle's construction work.
אֲשֶׁ֨רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particleאֲשֶׁר (H834).
צִוָּ֧הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: completed act of commandצָוָה (H6680); the fourth and final occurrence of the command-formula in this chapter (vv.1,4,10,29), bracketing the whole response section.
יְהוָ֛הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068).
לַעֲשׂ֖וֹתto makeprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Complement infinitive of צִוָּה→ Infinitive: content of the commandעָשָׂה (H6213); resumes the chapter's governing verb.
בְּיַדby the hand ofprep בְּ + N c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Agency prepositional phrase modifying צִוָּה/the whole commandיָד (H3027) 'hand'; idiom for agency/mediation — the command reaches Israel specifically 'through Moses'.
מֹשֶׁ֑הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Genitive completing the idiomמֹשֶׁה (H4872); named as mediating agent, closing the loop back to v.1's assembly.
הֵבִ֧יאוּbroughtHiphil perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Main predicate verb of the sentence→ Perfective: the completed, summarizing act of bringingבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil; the summarizing main verb for the whole response section (vv.20–29).
בְנֵיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject of הֵבִיאוּבֵּן (H1121).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
נְדָבָ֖הa freewill offeringN f sg abs · נְדָבָה (H5071)Direct object (adverbial accusative) of הֵבִיאוּנְדָבָה (H5071), from נָדַב; the abstract noun naming the whole section's motif — a spontaneous, uncompelled gift.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative of recipient, closing the response narrativeיְהוָה (H3068); final word of the offering section, framing the whole with dedication to the LORD.
30

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רְא֛וּ קָרָ֥א יְהוָ֖ה בְּשֵׁ֑ם בְּצַלְאֵ֛ל בֶּן אוּרִ֥י בֶן ח֖וּר לְמַטֵּ֥ה יְהוּדָֽה

Then Moses said to the sons of Israel, ‘See, the LORD has called by name Bezalel the son of Uri, son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah;’

New section — divine appointment of the craftsmen (vv.30–35), resuming 31:1–6 nearly verbatimוַ
The narrative pivots from the people's giving to the craftsmen's calling; Moses' רְאוּ ('see!') dramatically presents Bezalel's election as a public, verified fact, not a private appointment.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol, main narrative verb opening a new section→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559); introduces Moses' announcement of the divinely chosen craftsmen.
מֹשֶׁה֙Mosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Marks the addresseeאֶל (H413).
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chainבֵּן (H1121).
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing the chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
רְא֛וּsee!Qal impv 2mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (main clause, imperative)→ Volitional: imperative calling attention to what followsרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; imperative summoning the people's attention — 'note well' — before the announcement of Bezalel's calling.
קָרָ֥אhas calledQal perf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb of the object clause→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act of divine designationקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon, name'; a technical term for divine election to a task (cf. Isa 49:1).
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of קָרָאיְהוָה (H3068).
בְּשֵׁ֑םby nameprep בְּ + N m sg abs · שֵׁם (H8034)Adverbial prepositional phrase modifying קָרָאשֵׁם (H8034) 'name'; 'called by name' — a mark of personal, individual election (echoing 31:2).
בְּצַלְאֵ֛לBezalelproper noun · בְּצַלְאֵל (H1212)Direct object of קָרָא (named)בְּצַלְאֵל (H1212) 'in the shadow/protection of God'; the chief craftsman, named first (also 31:2).
בֶּןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct, patronymicבֵּן (H1121).
אוּרִ֥יUriproper noun · אוּרִי (H221)Genitive completing the patronymicאוּרִי (H221), Bezalel's father.
בֶןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct, second-generation patronymicבֵּן (H1121).
ח֖וּרHurproper noun · חוּר (H2354)Genitive completing the patronymicחוּר (H2354), Bezalel's grandfather; possibly the Hur of 17:10–12 and 24:14, linking the craftsman to a family of prior leadership.
לְמַטֵּ֥הof the tribe ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · מַטֶּה (H4294)Prepositional phrase of tribal affiliation, construct governing יְהוּדָהמַטֶּה (H4294) 'tribe, staff'; identifies Bezalel's tribal lineage.
יְהוּדָֽהJudahproper noun · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Genitive completing the construct chainיְהוּדָה (H3063); Bezalel's tribe, notable as it will later carry royal/messianic significance.
31

וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֹת֖וֹ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֑ים בְּחָכְמָ֛ה בִּתְבוּנָ֥ה וּבְדַ֖עַת וּבְכָל מְלָאכָֽה

and He has filled him with the Spirit of God, with wisdom, with understanding, and with knowledge, and with all craftsmanship,

Elaboration of Bezalel's calling — the nature of his endowmentוַ
The theological high point of the craftsmen unit: skilled artistry is explicitly attributed to the Spirit of God, dignifying manual and artistic craft as a spiritual gift on par with prophecy or leadership elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיְמַלֵּ֥אand he filledconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · מָלֵא (H4390)Wayyiqtol, main narrative verb→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלֵא (H4390) Piel 'to fill'; describes the Spirit's endowment as a filling, the same verb applied to Joshua's Spirit-endowment (Deut 34:9).
אֹת֖וֹ[obj] himobj marker + 3ms suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of ויְמַלֵּא (referring to Bezalel)אֵת (H853) with 3ms suffix, referring to Bezalel.
ר֣וּחַthe Spirit ofN c sg constr · רוּחַ (H7307)Subject of ויְמַלֵּא, construct governing אֱלֹהִיםרוּחַ (H7307) 'spirit, wind, breath'; here God's own Spirit as the source of Bezalel's craft-ability — a rare, striking claim that artisanal skill is a charismatic gift.
אֱלֹהִ֑יםGodN m pl abs (of God) · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Genitive completing the construct chainאֱלֹהִים (H430); genitive, 'the Spirit of God' — parallel to 31:3.
בְּחָכְמָ֛הwith wisdomprep בְּ + N f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Adverbial prepositional phrase specifying the content of the fillingחָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'; the first of a triad (with תְּבוּנָה and דַּעַת) describing the Spirit's endowment as comprehensive craft-intelligence.
בִּתְבוּנָ֥הwith understandingprep בְּ + N f sg abs · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Coordinate adverbial phraseתְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'understanding, discernment', from בִּין; the second member of the triad, denoting insight into design and structure.
וּבְדַ֖עַתand with knowledgeconj וְ + prep בְּ + N f sg abs · דַּעַת (H1847)Coordinate adverbial phraseדַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge', from יָדַע; the third member, practical technical know-how — together the triad frames craftsmanship as a species of the same wisdom celebrated in Proverbs 8.
וּבְכָלand in every kind ofconj וְ + prep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate adverbial phrase, construct governing מְלָאכָהכֹּל (H3605).
מְלָאכָֽהcraftsmanshipN f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive completing the construct chain, closing the verseמְלָאכָה (H4399); here in the sense 'craft, workmanship' — the Spirit's gift extends to every kind of skilled making.
32

וְלַחְשֹׁ֖ב מַֽחַשָׁבֹ֑ת לַעֲשֹׂ֛ת בַּזָּהָ֥ב וּבַכֶּ֖סֶף וּבַנְּחֹֽשֶׁת

to devise designs, to work in gold, in silver, and in bronze,

Continuation — the specific media of Bezalel's Spirit-given craftasyndeton
Moves from the abstract triad of v.31 to concrete craft-categories, beginning with metalwork before stonework, woodwork, and textile arts in vv.33–35.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְלַחְשֹׁ֖בand to deviseconj וְ + prep לְ + Qal inf constr · חָשַׁב (H2803)Coordinate purpose infinitive, explaining the content of Bezalel's craftsmanship→ Infinitive: purpose/result — the practical outworking of the Spirit's giftחָשַׁב (H2803) 'to think, plan, devise'; used of the intricate designs (cf. חֹשֵׁב, 'designer', v.35) — creative conception, not mere execution.
מַֽחַשָׁבֹ֑תdesignsN f pl abs · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Direct object of ולַחְשֹׁבמַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284), from חָשַׁב; 'plans, designs' — cognate accusative-style object, 'to devise devisings'.
לַעֲשֹׂ֛תto workprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Coordinate purpose infinitive→ Infinitive: purpose — practical execution in metalעָשָׂה (H6213); here specifically 'to work [metal]', paired with the conceptual חשׁב.
בַּזָּהָ֥בin goldprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Instrumental/material prepositional phraseזָהָב (H2091).
וּבַכֶּ֖סֶףand in silverconj + prep + art + N m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Coordinate material prepositional phraseכֶּסֶף (H3701).
וּבַנְּחֹֽשֶׁתand in bronzeconj + prep + art + N f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Coordinate material prepositional phrase, closing the verseנְחֹשֶׁת (H5178); the three metals of v.5 now specified as the media of Bezalel's metalwork.
33

וּבַחֲרֹ֥שֶׁת אֶ֛בֶן לְמַלֹּ֖את וּבַחֲרֹ֣שֶׁת עֵ֑ץ לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּכָל מְלֶ֥אכֶת מַחֲשָֽׁבֶת

in cutting stones for setting, and in carving wood, to work in every kind of skilled design.

Continuation — stonework and woodworkasyndeton
Adds gem-cutting and woodcarving to the metalwork of v.32, then summarizes with a generic phrase before the weaving/embroidery specialties enumerated in v.35.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וּבַחֲרֹ֥שֶׁתand in cutting/engraving ofconj וְ + prep בְּ + N f sg constr · חֲרֹשֶׁת (H2799)Instrumental prepositional phrase, construct governing אֶבֶןחֲרֹשֶׁת (H2799), from חָרַשׁ 'to cut, engrave, craft'; the technical skill of cutting/engraving hard materials.
אֶ֛בֶןstoneN f sg abs · אֶבֶן (H68)Genitive completing the construct chainאֶבֶן (H68); the specific material — gem-cutting for the ephod/breastpiece stones (28:9–21).
לְמַלֹּ֖אתfor settingprep לְ + Piel inf constr · מָלֵא (H4390)Purpose infinitive modifying the stone-cutting phrase→ Infinitive: purpose — cutting stones specifically for mountingמָלֵא (H4390) Piel 'to fill, set (a gem)'; a technical term for mounting stones in their gold settings (cf. מִלֻּאִים, v.9,27).
וּבַחֲרֹ֣שֶׁתand in carving ofconj וְ + prep בְּ + N f sg constr · חֲרֹשֶׁת (H2799)Instrumental prepositional phrase, construct governing עֵץחֲרֹשֶׁת (H2799); the same term now applied to wood.
עֵ֑ץwoodN m sg abs · עֵץ (H6086)Genitive completing the construct chainעֵץ (H6086); woodcarving for the ark, table, frames, and altars.
לַעֲשׂ֖וֹתto workprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Purpose infinitive introducing a summarizing phrase→ Infinitive: purpose — general craft executionעָשָׂה (H6213).
בְּכָלin everyprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase, construct governing מְלֶאכֶתכֹּל (H3605).
מְלֶ֥אכֶתcraft ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive, further construct governing מַחֲשָׁבֶתמְלָאכָה (H4399).
מַחֲשָֽׁבֶתdesignN f sg abs · מַחֲשֶׁבֶת (H4284)Genitive completing the construct chain, closing the verseמַחֲשֶׁבֶת (H4284), variant form of מַחֲשָׁבָה (v.32); 'every artistic design-work' — summarizes the entire craft repertoire before the weaving arts of v.35.
34

וּלְהוֹרֹ֖ת נָתַ֣ן בְּלִבּ֑וֹ ה֕וּא וְאָֽהֳלִיאָ֥ב בֶּן אֲחִיסָמָ֖ךְ לְמַטֵּה דָֽן

And He has put in his heart to teach, both him and Oholiab the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan.

Introduction of Oholiab as co-artisan and teacherוַ
Adds the teaching-gift and the second craftsman, balancing Judah (leading tribe) with Dan (a marginal tribe) — skill and the capacity to transmit it are distributed by the Spirit, not by tribal status.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וּלְהוֹרֹ֖תand to teachconj וְ + prep לְ + Hiphil inf constr · יָרָה (H3384)Purpose infinitive, coordinate with the craft-infinitives of vv.32–33 / complement of נָתַן→ Infinitive: purpose — the ability to instruct othersיָרָה (H3384) Hiphil 'to teach, instruct' (root of תּוֹרָה); Bezalel's gift extends beyond personal skill to the capacity to train others — a pedagogical, not merely artisanal, endowment.
נָתַ֣ןhe has putQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive divine actנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put, place'; subject is the LORD (continued from v.30), 'He has put [teaching-ability] in his heart'.
בְּלִבּ֑וֹin his heartprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · לֵב (H3820)Locative prepositional phrase (recipient) of נָתַןלֵב (H3820); the same organ credited with willingness (vv.5,21,29) is now the seat of an implanted teaching-gift — inner disposition and divine gift converge.
ה֕וּאhe3ms independent pronoun · הוּא (H1931)Resumptive/emphatic pronoun, introducing Oholiab as co-recipientהוּא (H1931) 'he'; emphatic resumption of Bezalel before adding a second name — 'he, [and also] Oholiab...'.
וְאָֽהֳלִיאָ֥בand Oholiabconj וְ + proper noun · אָהֳלִיאָב (H171)Coordinate subjectאָהֳלִיאָב (H171) 'father's tent/tent of the father'; Bezalel's divinely appointed assistant (cf. 31:6), named second throughout.
בֶּןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct, patronymicבֵּן (H1121).
אֲחִיסָמָ֖ךְAhisamachproper noun · אֲחִיסָמָךְ (H294)Genitive completing the patronymicאֲחִיסָמָךְ (H294) 'my brother has supported', Oholiab's father.
לְמַטֵּהof the tribe ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · מַטֶּה (H4294)Prepositional phrase of tribal affiliationמַטֶּה (H4294); identifies Oholiab's tribal lineage.
דָֽןDanproper noun · דָּן (H1835)Genitive completing the construct chainדָּן (H1835); Oholiab's tribe — notably not Judah, showing the Spirit's gifting cuts across tribal rank, pairing the leading tribe (Judah) with one of the lesser (Dan).
35

מִלֵּ֨א אֹתָ֜ם חָכְמַת לֵ֗ב לַעֲשׂוֹת֮ כָּל מְלֶ֣אכֶת חָרָ֣שׁ וְחֹשֵׁב֒ וְרֹקֵ֞ם בַּתְּכֵ֣לֶת וּבָֽאַרְגָּמָ֗ן בְּתוֹלַ֧עַת הַשָּׁנִ֛י וּבַשֵּׁ֖שׁ וְאֹרֵ֑ג עֹשֵׂי֙ כָּל מְלָאכָ֔ה וְחֹשְׁבֵ֖י מַחֲשָׁבֹֽת

He has filled them with skill of heart to do every kind of work — of the engraver, the designer, and the embroiderer, in blue, purple, and scarlet yarn and fine linen, and of the weaver, that is, makers of every kind of craft, and designers of designs.

Chapter's closing summary — the full range of craft skill namedasyndeton
Closes the chapter with a dense, near-liturgical list of craft-titles binding all the chapter's key terms (חָכְמַת לֵב, מְלָאכָה, מַחֲשָׁבֹת) into one summary, poised to launch directly into the actual construction narrative of chs. 36–39 — the words are about to become things.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
מִלֵּ֨אhe has filledPiel perf 3ms · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (main clause), subject the LORD (continued from v.34)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act of endowmentמָלֵא (H4390) Piel; resumes v.31's verb, now summarizing both craftsmen together at the chapter's close.
אֹתָ֜ם[obj] themobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of מִלֵּא, referring to Bezalel and Oholiabאֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, referring to both named craftsmen.
חָכְמַתwisdom ofN f sg constr · חָכְמָה (H2451)Adverbial accusative, construct governing לֵבחָכְמָה (H2451); construct, 'skill of heart' — resumes the chapter's key craft-competence term.
לֵ֗בheartN m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Genitive completing the construct chainלֵב (H3820).
לַעֲשׂוֹת֮to doprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Purpose infinitive completing מִלֵּא→ Infinitive: purpose — the goal of the Spirit-given skillעָשָׂה (H6213); introduces the final, comprehensive summary of craft-categories.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing מְלֶאכֶתכֹּל (H3605).
מְלֶ֣אכֶתwork ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive, further construct governing חָרָשׁמְלָאכָה (H4399).
חָרָ֣שׁthe engraver/craftsmanN m sg abs · חָרָשׁ (H2796)Genitive completing the construct chain (first craft-category)חָרָשׁ (H2796) 'craftsman, engraver', from חָרַשׁ; a general term for the skilled artisan, especially in stone, wood, or metal.
וְחֹשֵׁב֒and designerconj וְ + Qal ptc msc sg abs · חָשַׁב (H2803)Substantival participle, coordinate craft-category→ Participle: characterizing/professional designationחָשַׁב (H2803) Qal ptc 'one who devises/designs'; the artistic planner, resuming v.32's verb as a professional title — 'designer'.
וְרֹקֵ֞םand embroidererconj וְ + Qal ptc msc sg abs · רָקַם (H7551)Substantival participle, coordinate craft-category→ Participle: characterizing/professional designationרָקַם (H7551) 'to weave in colors, embroider'; the needleworker who produces variegated patterned textile (cf. 26:36; 28:39).
בַּתְּכֵ֣לֶתin blueprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Material/instrumental prepositional phrase modifying the weaving-participlesתְּכֵלֶת (H8504).
וּבָֽאַרְגָּמָ֗ןand in purpleconj + prep + art + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Coordinate material phraseאַרְגָּמָן (H713).
בְּתוֹלַ֧עַתand in [crimson of]prep בְּ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Material prepositional phrase, construct governing הַשָּׁנִיתּוֹלַעַת (H8438).
הַשָּׁנִ֛יthe scarletart + N m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive completing the construct chainשָׁנִי (H8144).
וּבַשֵּׁ֖שׁand in fine linenconj + prep + art + N m sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Coordinate material phraseשֵׁשׁ (H8336); the fourth thread-type, completing the set from v.6.
וְאֹרֵ֑גand weaverconj וְ + Qal ptc msc sg abs · אָרַג (H707)Substantival participle, final coordinate craft-category→ Participle: characterizing/professional designationאָרַג (H707) 'to weave'; the plain-weaver, distinct from the pattern-embroiderer of word 10 — together חָרָשׁ, חֹשֵׁב, רֹקֵם, אֹרֵג name four distinct craft-guilds.
עֹשֵׂי֙makers ofQal ptc mpc · עָשָׂה (H6213)Substantival participle plural construct, restates/summarizes the craftsmen collectively→ Participle: characterizing, plural — the craftsmen as a classעָשָׂה (H6213); plural construct participle, 'those who make', summarizing the whole guild before מְלָאכָה.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct, further governing מְלָאכָהכֹּל (H3605).
מְלָאכָ֔הworkN f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Direct object completing עֹשֵׂימְלָאכָה (H4399); 'makers of every [kind of] work' — the chapter's governing term returns one final time.
וְחֹשְׁבֵ֖יand designers ofconj וְ + Qal ptc mpc · חָשַׁב (H2803)Substantival participle plural construct, final coordinate summary→ Participle: characterizing, plural — a professional classחָשַׁב (H2803); plural construct, echoing word 9 but now generalized to the whole guild of designers.
מַחֲשָׁבֹֽתdesignsN f pl abs · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Direct object completing וְחֹשְׁבֵי, closing the chapterמַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284); cognate object, 'designers of designs' — the chapter closes on the same wisdom-craft vocabulary (חכם, חשׁב, מלאכה) with which the appeal began in v.10, forming a full ring around the whole unit.