1
וְעָשָׂה֩ בְצַלְאֵ֨ל וְאָהֳלִיאָ֜ב וְכֹ֣ל אִ֣ישׁ חֲכַם לֵ֗ב אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן יְהוָ֜ה חָכְמָ֤ה וּתְבוּנָה֙ בָּהֵ֔מָּה לָדַ֣עַת לַעֲשֹׂ֔ת אֶֽת כָּל מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבֹדַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּ֖ה יְהוָֽה
Bezalel and Oholiab, and every wise-hearted man in whom the LORD had put wisdom and understanding to know how to do all the work of the service of the sanctuary, shall work according to all that the LORD commanded.
Resumes the craftsman-list of Exod 35:30-35 with a weqatal (ועשה, ‘shall work’) that still carries the force of a charge; the relative clause underscores that the wisdom enabling the work was itself divinely given, so that what follows is obedient execution of God's own gift and command.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וְעָשָׂה֩shall workQal weqatal 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause) — weqatal continuing the charge of Exod 35:30-35→ Weqatal: volitional/obligatory continuation — bridges the instruction mood before wayyiqtol narrative resumes in v.2עָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make, do, work'; the construction Leitwort of chs.25-31 and 35-39; here weqatal, still carrying the force of a charge rather than pure narration.
בְצַלְאֵ֨לBezalelNp · בְּצַלְאֵל (H1212)Subject (compound, with Oholiab and the craftsmen)בְּצַלְאֵל (H1212) 'in the shadow/protection of El'; son of Uri of Judah, filled with the Spirit of God, wisdom, understanding and knowledge for every craft (Exod 31:2-5; 35:30-35).
וְאָהֳלִיאָ֜בand Oholiabconj וְ + Np · אָהֳלִיאָב (H171)Coordinate subjectאָהֳלִיאָב (H171) 'father's tent'; son of Ahisamach of Dan, Bezalel's associate craftsman and teacher (Exod 35:34).
וְכֹ֣לand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Conjunction + construct quantifier heading the coordinate subjectכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct extending the subject beyond the two named men to every gifted craftsman.
אִ֣ישׁmanN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Head noun of construct chain (subject)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; distributive, 'each man' possessing the following quality.
חֲכַםwise [of]adj m sg constr · חָכָם (H2450)Construct adjective governing לֵבחָכָם (H2450) 'wise, skilled'; construct חֲכַם לֵב 'wise-hearted' is the technical term throughout Exod 28-36 for God-given artisanal skill, not mere intellect.
לֵ֗בheartN m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Genitive complement (construct chain)לֵב (H3820) 'heart, mind'; the seat of practical skill and understanding in this idiom.
אֲשֶׁר֩in whomrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the relative clause modifying אִישׁ חֲכַם לֵבאֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, whom'.
נָתַ֨ןgave/had givenQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed prior act — God's antecedent gift of skillנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; God's endowment of skill precedes and grounds the craftsmen's work (cf. Exod 31:3, 6).
יְהוָ֜הthe LORDNp · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נָתַןיְהוָה (H3068) the covenant name of Israel's God, the giver of the skill described here.
חָכְמָ֤הwisdomN f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Direct object of נָתַןחָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom, skill'; here practical/artistic skill divinely bestowed, as in Exod 31:3.
וּתְבוּנָה֙and understandingconj וְ + N f sg abs · תְּבוּנָה (H8394)Coordinate direct objectתְּבוּנָה (H8394) 'understanding, discernment'; paired with חָכְמָה as the twin divine gifts enabling the craftsmen's work.
בָּהֵ֔מָּהin themprep בְּ + independent pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Prepositional phrase (locative, 'in them' = in their hearts/persons)הֵמָּה (H1992) 3mp independent pronoun with prep בְּ; the wisdom/understanding placed within the craftsmen themselves.
לָדַ֣עַתto know [how]prep לְ + Qal inf constr · יָדַע (H3045)Purpose infinitive construct (result of the endowment)→ Infinitive construct: expresses purpose — the goal of the divine gift of skillיָדַע (H3045) 'to know'; here practical know-how, the capacity to execute skilled work.
לַעֲשֹׂ֔תto make/doprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Purpose infinitive construct, coordinate with לָדַעַת→ Infinitive construct: expresses purposeעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make, do'; paired with לָדַעַת — knowing and doing together characterize the craftsmen's calling.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) nota accusativi marking כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדַת הַקֹּדֶשׁ as the object of לַעֲשֹׂת.
כָּלall/everyN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival), quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; heads the construct chain describing the totality of sacred construction work.
מְלֶ֖אכֶתthe work ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Construct chain (genitival)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, occupation'; here the specialized labor of building the sanctuary.
עֲבֹדַ֣תthe service ofN f sg constr · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Construct chain (genitival)עֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, labor'; in construct with הַקֹּדֶשׁ, denoting sacred/cultic service.
הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁthe holy place / holinessart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive (object of construct chain)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sacredness'; the phrase עֲבֹדַת הַקֹּדֶשׁ names the sanctuary's sacred service/construction as a whole.
לְכֹ֥לaccording to allprep לְ + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase (norm/standard)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; with לְ, 'according to everything' — introduces the standard of conformity to divine command.
אֲשֶׁרthat/whichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the clause of conformityאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative particle.
צִוָּ֖הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed, authoritative act — the prior divine command now being fulfilledצָוָה (H6680) Piel 'to command, charge'; the antecedent divine instruction (chs.25-31) that vv.1-19's wayyiqtol narrative now reports as executed.
יְהוָֽהthe LORDNp · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068) the covenant name; the ultimate authority behind every construction detail.
2
וַיִּקְרָ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֶל בְּצַלְאֵ֘ל וְאֶל אָֽהֳלִיאָב֒ וְאֶל֙ כָּל אִ֣ישׁ חֲכַם לֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה חָכְמָ֖ה בְּלִבּ֑וֹ כֹּ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר נְשָׂא֣וֹ לִבּ֔וֹ לְקָרְבָ֥ה אֶל הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת אֹתָֽהּ
Then Moses called Bezalel and Oholiab, and every wise-hearted man in whose heart the LORD had put wisdom, everyone whose heart moved him to come forward to the work, to do it.
The chapter's first true wayyiqtol, launching the narrative of execution; Moses summons not only the two named master craftsmen but the whole class of gifted, willing-hearted workers, emphasizing voluntary response alongside divine endowment.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וַיִּקְרָ֣אAnd ... calledQal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (main clause) — wayyiqtol opening the narrative proper→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the first main-line narrative verb of the chapterקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon'; Moses formally summons the craftsmen to begin the work — the narrative's true starting point, following v.1's bridging weqatal.
מֹשֶׁ֗הMosesNp · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) Moses; here acting as the mediator who convenes the craftsmen for the tabernacle's construction.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (goal of קָרָא)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
בְּצַלְאֵ֘לBezalelNp · בְּצַלְאֵל (H1212)Object of preposition (first addressee)בְּצַלְאֵל (H1212); see v.1.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Conjunction + prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) with conjunctive וְ, listing the second addressee.
אָֽהֳלִיאָב֒OholiabNp · אָהֳלִיאָב (H171)Object of preposition (second addressee)אָהֳלִיאָב (H171); see v.1.
וְאֶל֙and toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Conjunction + prepositional phraseאֶל (H413); introduces the third, general class of addressees.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct quantifier heading the third objectכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
אִ֣ישׁmanN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Head noun of construct chainאִישׁ (H376) 'man'; distributive.
חֲכַםwise [of]adj m sg constr · חָכָם (H2450)Construct adjective governing לֵבחָכָם (H2450); see v.1 — the wise-hearted formula.
לֵ֔בheartN m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Genitive complementלֵב (H3820); the seat of skill.
אֲשֶׁ֨רin whomrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative particle.
נָתַ֧ןhad putQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed antecedent act — the wisdom already given before this summonsנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put'; repeats v.1's affirmation that skill originates with God.
יְהוָ֛הthe LORDNp · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נָתַןיְהוָה (H3068).
חָכְמָ֖הwisdomN f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Direct objectחָכְמָה (H2451); see v.1.
בְּלִבּ֑וֹin his heartprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3ms suffix · לֵב (H3820)Prepositional phrase (locative)לֵב (H3820) + 3ms suffix; the individual heart of each such craftsman, echoing חֲכַם לֵב distributively.
כֹּ֚לeveryoneN m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Subject (resumptive, casus pendens)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, everyone'; resumes the class of craftsmen as subject of the following relative clause.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhoserelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834).
נְשָׂא֣וֹmoved himQal perf 3ms + 3ms suffix · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed inward promptingנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry'; idiomatically 'his heart lifted him' = he felt moved/inspired — an inward, willing impulse, not compulsion.
לִבּ֔וֹhis heartN m sg constr + 3ms suffix · לֵב (H3820)Subject of נְשָׂאוֹלֵב (H3820) + 3ms suffix; the heart as the seat of volition here, subject of the verb 'lifted/moved'.
לְקָרְבָ֥הto come/draw nearprep לְ + Qal inf constr · קָרַב (H7126)Purpose infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: expresses purpose/result of the inward promptingקָרַב (H7126) 'to approach, draw near'; each craftsman voluntarily comes forward to the work.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (goal)אֶל (H413).
הַמְּלָאכָ֖הthe workart + N f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Object of prepositionמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work, task'; the tabernacle's construction project.
לַעֲשֹׂ֥תto do/makeprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Purpose infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: expresses purposeעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'.
אֹתָֽהּitobj marker + 3fs suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of לַעֲשֹׂת (resumptive)אֵת (H853) + 3fs suffix, referring back to הַמְּלָאכָה, 'the work'.
3
וַיִּקְח֞וּ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֵ֤ת כָּל הַתְּרוּמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵבִ֜יאוּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לִמְלֶ֛אכֶת עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַעֲשֹׂ֣ת אֹתָ֑הּ וְ֠הֵם הֵבִ֨יאוּ אֵלָ֥יו ע֛וֹד נְדָבָ֖ה בַּבֹּ֥קֶר בַּבֹּֽקֶר
And they took from Moses all the contribution that the Israelites had brought for the work of the service of the sanctuary, to do it; and the people still kept bringing him freewill offerings morning by morning.
Two movements: the craftsmen take custody of the people's already-collected gifts (main wayyiqtol), then a fronted-subject clause (וְהֵם) reports, almost parenthetically, that the people kept on bringing more, day after day — the seed of the 'too much' report in vv.5-7.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיִּקְח֞וּtookQal wayyiqtol 3mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, receive'; the craftsmen receive the people's contributions from Moses' custody.
מִלִּפְנֵ֣יfrom beforeprep מִן + prep לְ + N com pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase (source)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; idiom מִלִּפְנֵי 'from the presence of' — the craftsmen collect the gifts that had been deposited with Moses.
מֹשֶׁ֗הMosesNp · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of prepositionמֹשֶׁה (H4872); the custodian of the people's freewill gifts (cf. Exod 35:29).
אֵ֤ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking כָּל הַתְּרוּמָה as the definite object.
כָּלall/the wholeN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival), quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; the entire freewill offering collected.
הַתְּרוּמָה֙the contributionart + N f sg abs · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Genitive (object of construct chain)/Direct objectתְּרוּמָה (H8641) 'contribution, offering', from רוּם 'to lift'; the freewill gifts of materials for the sanctuary (Exod 35:5,21-29).
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834).
הֵבִ֜יאוּhad broughtHiphil perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed prior actבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring, cause to come'; the people's earlier act of bringing their gifts (Exod 35:21-29), presupposed here.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject (construct chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, the standard designation 'Israelites'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelNp · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive (of construct chain)/Subjectיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); the covenant people as a whole, the source of the offering.
לִמְלֶ֛אכֶתfor the work ofprep לְ + N f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Prepositional phrase (purpose, construct)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work'; the purpose for which the gifts were brought.
עֲבֹדַ֥תthe service ofN f sg constr · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Construct chain (genitival)עֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service'; construct with הַקֹּדֶשׁ as in v.1.
הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁthe sanctuary/holinessart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive (object of construct chain)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944); see v.1.
לַעֲשֹׂ֣תto do/performprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Purpose infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: expresses purposeעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'.
אֹתָ֑הּitobj marker + 3fs suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of לַעֲשֹׂת (resumptive)אֵת (H853) + 3fs, referring to הַמְּלֶאכֶת/הָעֲבֹדָה, 'the work'.
וְ֠הֵםand theyconj וְ + independent pron 3mp · הֵם (H1992)Fronted subject (emphatic, contrastive)הֵם (H1992) independent 3mp pronoun, fronted for emphasis — the people themselves, in addition to what had already been collected.
הֵבִ֨יאוּkept bringing / broughtHiphil perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective with iterative/habitual nuance — repeated action over time, reinforced by בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶרבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring'; the people's continuing, unprompted generosity even after the initial collection.
אֵלָ֥יוto himprep + 3ms suffix · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (goal, referring to the craftsmen/Bezalel or Moses)אֶל (H413) + 3ms suffix.
ע֛וֹדstill, moreadv · עוֹד (H5750)Adverb of continuation modifying הֵבִיאוּעוֹד (H5750) 'still, yet, again'; signals ongoing, additional giving beyond what was already sufficient.
נְדָבָ֖הa freewill offeringN f sg abs · נְדָבָה (H5071)Direct objectנְדָבָה (H5071) 'voluntary/freewill offering', from נָדַב 'to incite, volunteer'; spontaneous, uncompelled generosity — the term that frames the coming 'too much' episode.
בַּבֹּ֥קֶרmorning byprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Adverbial prepositional phrase of time (distributive)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'; repeated for a distributive idiom.
בַּבֹּֽקֶרmorningprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Adverbial prepositional phrase of time (distributive, completing the idiom)בֹּקֶר (H1242); בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר 'morning by morning' — the people's gifts kept arriving daily, setting up the surplus of vv.5-7.
4
וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ כָּל הַ֣חֲכָמִ֔ים הָעֹשִׂ֕ים אֵ֖ת כָּל מְלֶ֣אכֶת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אִֽישׁ אִ֥ישׁ מִמְּלַאכְתּ֖וֹ אֲשֶׁר הֵ֥מָּה עֹשִֽׂים
And all the skilled workers who were doing all the work of the sanctuary came, each from the work he was doing.
Sets the scene for the craftsmen's report in v.5: every skilled worker, interrupted from his own particular task, converges to tell Moses of the overwhelming supply of materials.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙cameQal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) Qal 'to come'; the craftsmen leave their work to report to Moses.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival), quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַ֣חֲכָמִ֔יםthe wise/skilled menart + adj m pl abs · חָכָם (H2450)Subject (genitive of construct chain)חָכָם (H2450) pl. w/ article; the skilled craftsmen collectively, shorthand for חַכְמֵי לֵב.
הָעֹשִׂ֕יםwho were doing/makingart + Qal ptc m pl abs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Attributive participle modifying הַחֲכָמִים→ Participle: an ongoing, characterizing activityעָשָׂה (H6213) Qal participle 'doing, making'; describes the craftsmen in the midst of their ongoing labor.
אֵ֖ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking כָּל מְלֶאכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival), quantifierכֹּל (H3605).
מְלֶ֣אכֶתthe work ofN f sg constr · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Construct chain (genitival)/Direct objectמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work'.
הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁthe sanctuaryart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive (object of construct chain)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944); see v.1,3.
אִֽישׁeachN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Adverbial accusative (distributive, first element of idiom)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; distributive idiom אִישׁ אִישׁ 'each and every one'.
אִ֥ישׁoneN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Adverbial accusative (distributive, second element)אִישׁ (H376); completes the emphatic distributive doubling, 'each and every man'.
מִמְּלַאכְתּ֖וֹfrom his workprep מִן + N f sg constr + 3ms suffix · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source)מְלָאכָה (H4399) + 3ms suffix; each craftsman leaves his own particular task to make the report.
אֲשֶׁרthat/on whichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834).
הֵ֥מָּהtheyindependent pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Subject (independent pronoun, emphatic)הֵמָּה (H1992) 3mp independent pronoun; emphasizes that it is these very craftsmen (not others) engaged in the work.
עֹשִֽׂיםwere doingQal ptc m pl abs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate participle of the relative clause→ Participle: ongoing characterizing activityעָשָׂה (H6213) Qal participle; describes the craftsmen's continuous engagement in their respective tasks.
5
וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֣ה לֵּאמֹ֔ר מַרְבִּ֥ים הָעָ֖ם לְהָבִ֑יא מִדֵּ֤י הָֽעֲבֹדָה֙ לַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת אֹתָֽהּ
And they said to Moses, ‘The people are bringing much more than enough for the service of the work that the LORD commanded us to do.’
Opens the remarkable 'more than enough' episode — the only place in the Torah where the people's generosity must be checked; the craftsmen's report frames the problem the following verses resolve.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֹּאמְרוּ֙and they saidQal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; introduces the craftsmen's direct report to Moses.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (goal)אֶל (H413).
מֹשֶׁ֣הMosesNp · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of prepositionמֹשֶׁה (H4872).
לֵּאמֹ֔רsayingQal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Quotative infinitive construct introducing direct speech→ Infinitive construct: marks the onset of direct discourseאָמַר (H559) inf constr לֵאמֹר, the standard formula introducing reported speech.
מַרְבִּ֥יםare bringing much more / are exceedingHiphil ptc m pl abs · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate participle (main clause of the quoted speech)→ Participle: an ongoing, present state — the people's continuing excessרָבָה (H7235) Hiphil participle 'to make much, multiply, do abundantly'; here of the people's generosity vastly exceeding what is needed.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subject of מַרְבִּיםעַם (H5971) 'people'; the Israelite community as donors — the report's subject.
לְהָבִ֑יאin bringingprep לְ + Hiphil inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Complementary infinitive construct completing מַרְבִּים→ Infinitive construct: complements the participle's verbal ideaבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil inf constr 'to bring'; מַרְבִּים לְהָבִיא idiomatically 'bring more than enough, bring in excess'.
מִדֵּ֤יthan enough forprep מִן + N m sg constr · דַּי (H1767)Comparative prepositional phrase (construct)דַּי (H1767) 'sufficiency, enough'; with מִן, 'more than sufficient for'.
הָֽעֲבֹדָה֙the serviceart + N f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Genitive (object of comparative phrase)עֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, labor'; see v.1,3.
לַמְּלָאכָ֔הfor the workprep לְ + art + N f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Prepositional phrase (purpose, in apposition to הָעֲבֹדָה)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work'; restates עֲבֹדָה for the specific construction task.
אֲשֶׁרthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834).
צִוָּ֥הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed, authoritative actצָוָה (H6680) Piel 'to command'; the prior divine instruction being fulfilled — echoing v.1's closing formula.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDNp · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068).
לַעֲשֹׂ֥תto doprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Purpose infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: expresses purposeעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'.
אֹתָֽהּitobj marker + 3fs suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of לַעֲשֹׂת (resumptive)אֵת (H853) + 3fs, referring to הַמְּלָאכָה.
6
וַיְצַ֣ו מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיַּעֲבִ֨ירוּ ק֥וֹל בַּֽמַּחֲנֶה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַל יַעֲשׂוּ ע֛וֹד מְלָאכָ֖ה לִתְרוּמַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וַיִּכָּלֵ֥א הָעָ֖ם מֵהָבִֽיא
So Moses gave a command, and they proclaimed throughout the camp, saying, ‘Let no man or woman do anything more for the contribution for the sanctuary.’ So the people were restrained from bringing any more.
The dramatic turning point: Moses issues a camp-wide proclamation, formulated as a merismatic prohibition (man and woman), and the people are physically restrained — the only place in the Torah where Israel's generosity itself becomes the problem to be solved.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְצַ֣וand ... commandedPiel wayyiqtol 3ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָוָה (H6680) Piel 'to command'; Moses' authoritative response to the craftsmen's report.
מֹשֶׁ֗הMosesNp · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872).
וַיַּעֲבִ֨ירוּand they caused to pass / proclaimedHiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַר (H5674) Hiphil 'to cause to pass over'; idiom הֶעֱבִיר קוֹל 'to send a proclamation/cry through' the camp — a public herald-announcement.
ק֥וֹלa voice/proclamationN m sg abs · קוֹל (H6963)Direct objectקוֹל (H6963) 'voice, sound'; with הֶעֱבִיר, the technical idiom for a camp-wide public announcement.
בַּֽמַּחֲנֶה֮through the campprep בְּ + art + N com sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Adverbial prepositional phrase (locative)מַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; Israel's wilderness encampment, the whole community reached by the proclamation.
לֵאמֹר֒sayingQal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Quotative infinitive construct introducing direct speech→ Infinitive construct: marks the onset of direct discourseאָמַר (H559); see v.5.
אִ֣ישׁmanN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject (first element of merism)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; paired with אִשָּׁה for total inclusivity — no one, male or female, is to keep giving.
וְאִשָּׁ֗הand womanconj וְ + N f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Coordinate subject (second element of merism)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'woman'; completes the merism אִישׁ וְאִשָּׁה, 'man and woman' = everyone without exception.
אַלlet notnegative particle · אַל (H408)Volitional negative particle governing the jussiveאַל (H408) negative particle used with the jussive/imperfect for prohibition — a direct, immediate command in contrast to לֹא.
יַעֲשׂוּlet them make/doQal jussive 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (jussive, main clause of the quoted proclamation)→ Volitional (jussive): an immediate prohibition halting further actionעָשָׂה (H6213) Qal jussive 3mp 'let them do/make'; the unique command to STOP giving — the only such restraint on generosity in the Torah.
ע֛וֹדany more/furtheradv · עוֹד (H5750)Adverb of continuation modifying יַעֲשׂוּעוֹד (H5750) 'still, more'; negated by אַל, 'let them no longer do'.
מְלָאכָ֖הwork/laborN f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Direct objectמְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work'; here specifically the labor of preparing/bringing further contribution-material.
לִתְרוּמַ֣תfor the contribution ofprep לְ + N f sg constr · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Prepositional phrase (purpose, construct)תְּרוּמָה (H8641) 'contribution'; see v.3.
הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁthe sanctuaryart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive (object of construct chain)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944).
וַיִּכָּלֵ֥אand ... was restrainedNiphal wayyiqtol 3ms · כָּלָא (H3607)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol (Niphal, passive): the narrative's climactic resolution — the people forcibly held backכָּלָא (H3607) Niphal 'to be restrained, held back'; the only Torah instance of the people needing to be stopped from giving — a deliberate ironic reversal of every other wilderness complaint of scarcity.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Subject of וַיִּכָּלֵאעַם (H5971) 'people'; the whole community, whose zeal required checking.
מֵהָבִֽיאfrom bringingprep מִן + Hiphil inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Prepositional/complementary infinitive construct completing וַיִּכָּלֵא→ Infinitive construct: specifies the action from which the people were restrainedבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil inf constr 'to bring'; the people were physically held back from bringing yet more.
7
וְהַמְּלָאכָ֗ה הָיְתָ֥ה דַיָּ֛ם לְכָל הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אֹתָ֑הּ וְהוֹתֵֽר
For the material they had was sufficient for all the work to be done — and more than enough.
Closes the 'more than enough' episode with an emphatic summary: the freewill supply was not merely adequate but left a surplus, underscoring the people's superabundant generosity before the wayyiqtol construction-narrative resumes in v.8.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְהַמְּלָאכָ֗הand the material/supplyconj וְ + art + N f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Subject (fronted, casus pendens)מְלָאכָה (H4399); here shifting sense from 'labor' to 'the material/produce [already collected]', a semantic range the word carries (cf. Exod 22:7).
הָיְתָ֥הwasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: states a completed, settled fact — the supply's sufficiencyהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; states the resulting sufficiency of materials on hand.
דַיָּ֛םenough for themN m sg constr + 3mp suffix · דַּי (H1767)Predicate complementדַּי (H1767) 'sufficiency, enough' + 3mp suffix; the collected supply was fully sufficient — indeed abundant.
לְכָלfor allprep לְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase (purpose, construct)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַמְּלָאכָ֖הthe workart + N f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive (object of construct chain)מְלָאכָה (H4399); here in its normal sense, 'the [construction] work' to be done.
לַעֲשׂ֣וֹתto doprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Purpose infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: expresses purposeעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'.
אֹתָ֑הּitobj marker + 3fs suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object of לַעֲשׂוֹת (resumptive)אֵת (H853) + 3fs, referring to הַמְּלָאכָה.
וְהוֹתֵֽרand there was extra/left overHiphil inf abs · יָתַר (H3498)Predicate verb (main clause, absolute infinitive functioning as finite verb)→ Infinitive absolute (Hiphil) used adverbially/verbally: emphasizes surplus beyond sufficiencyיָתַר (H3498) Hiphil inf abs 'to have more than enough, leave a remainder'; the narrative's closing note that supply not only sufficed but overflowed.
8
וַיַּעֲשׂ֨וּ כָל חֲכַם לֵ֜ב בְּעֹשֵׂ֧י הַמְּלָאכָ֛ה אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן עֶ֣שֶׂר יְרִיעֹ֑ת שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֗ר וּתְכֵ֤לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן֙ וְתוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י כְּרֻבִ֛ים מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵׁ֖ב עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם
And all the wise-hearted men among those doing the work made the tabernacle: ten curtains of finely twisted linen, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, with cherubim worked into them — the work of a skilled designer he made them.
After the surplus aside of vv.5-7, the wayyiqtol chain of construction resumes; the verse virtually quotes Exod 26:1 verbatim but shifts every second-person imperative ('you shall make') to third-person narrative report ('they/he made'), the chapter's central instruction-to-fulfillment transformation.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיַּעֲשׂ֨וּAnd ... madeQal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — resumes the 'and he/they made' construction chain after the surplus aside of vv.5-7עָשָׂה (H6213) Qal wayyiqtol 3mp; marks the narrative's return to the main line of construction after the digression on the people's overabundant gifts; the chapter's refrain, now narrated as accomplished fact rather than commanded.
כָלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival), quantifier heading the subjectכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
חֲכַםwise [of]adj m sg constr · חָכָם (H2450)Construct adjective governing לֵבחָכָם (H2450); see v.1 — the 'wise-hearted' formula, here as subject of the making.
לֵ֜בheartN m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Genitive complement (construct chain)לֵב (H3820); seat of skill.
בְּעֹשֵׂ֧יamong those who didprep בְּ + Qal ptc m pl constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Attributive participle (construct), in apposition to the subject→ Participle: characterizing an ongoing group-activityעָשָׂה (H6213) Qal participle construct 'those doing/makers of'; specifies that the wise-hearted men in view are those actually engaged in the sanctuary's construction.
הַמְּלָאכָ֛הthe workart + N f sg abs · מְלָאכָה (H4399)Genitive (object of construct participle)מְלָאכָה (H4399) 'work'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking הַמִּשְׁכָּן as the definite object.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Direct objectמִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'dwelling place'; see Exod 26:1 — the portable sanctuary now actually being constructed.
עֶ֣שֶׂרtenNum f sg abs · עֶשֶׂר (H6235)Numeral modifying יְרִיעֹתעֶשֶׂר (H6235) 'ten'; the number of linen curtains, exactly as commanded in Exod 26:1.
יְרִיעֹ֑תcurtainsN f pl abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Direct object (second object of וַיַּעֲשׂוּ)יְרִיעָה (H3407) 'curtain, tent-cloth'; the individual linen sheets forming the tabernacle's innermost roof-layer.
שֵׁ֣שׁof fine linenN f/c sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Adverbial accusative of materialשֵׁשׁ (H8336) 'fine (Egyptian) linen'; the premium base material, as commanded.
מָשְׁזָ֗רtwistedHophal ptc pass m sg abs · שָׁזַר (H7806)Attributive participle (passive) modifying שֵׁשׁ→ Passive participle: a state resulting from a completed process — tightly twistedשָׁזַר (H7806) Hophal passive participle 'twisted, twined'; tightly-twisted (multi-ply) linen thread, exactly as instructed in Exod 26:1.
וּתְכֵ֤לֶתand blueconj וְ + N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Coordinate noun (material list)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504) 'blue-violet (yarn/dye)'; one of the tabernacle's three sacred dye colors.
וְאַרְגָּמָן֙and purpleconj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Coordinate noun (material list)אַרְגָּמָן (H713) 'purple/red-purple (yarn/dye)'; a costly shellfish dye marking royalty and sanctity.
וְתוֹלַ֣עַתand crimsonconj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Construct chain (genitival), coordinate nounתּוֹלַעַת (H8438) 'worm, crimson (scale-insect dye)'; construct with שָׁנִי forming the fixed phrase for scarlet material.
שָׁנִ֔יstuffN m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive (absolute of construct chain)שָׁנִי (H8144) 'scarlet, crimson'; completes תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי.
כְּרֻבִ֛יםcherubimN m pl abs · כְּרוּב (H3742)Direct object (of implied 'with cherubim woven in')כְּרוּב (H3742) 'cherub', a winged guardian being; woven into the curtains exactly as commanded (Exod 26:1), evoking Eden's guardian imagery in the sanctuary's innermost, most sacred fabric.
מַעֲשֵׂ֥הthe work ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival, apposition)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'work, deed'; construct governing חֹשֵׁב.
חֹשֵׁ֖בa skilled designerQal ptc m sg abs · חָשַׁב (H2803)Genitive complement of מַעֲשֵׂה (substantival participle)→ Participle: characterizing an ongoing craft-skillחָשַׁב (H2803) 'to think, devise'; participle denoting a skilled artisan of figured weaving — here, Bezalel and his fellow craftsmen fulfilling that very description.
עָשָׂ֥הhe madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (resumptive main clause, singular — likely focusing on Bezalel personally)→ Perfective: a completed, accomplished act — closes the verse's report of the finished curtainsעָשָׂה (H6213) Qal perfect 3ms; resumes with singular verb (contrast the plural וַיַּעֲשׂוּ opening the verse), echoing Exod 26:1's 2ms command now reported as accomplished fact.
אֹתָֽםthemobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object (resumptive)אֵת (H853) + 3mp suffix, referring back to עֶשֶׂר יְרִיעֹת, the ten curtains.
9
אֹ֜רֶךְ הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָֽאַחַ֗ת שְׁמֹנֶ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֨חַב֙ אַרְבַּ֣ע בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה הָאֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לְכָל הַיְרִיעֹֽת
The length of each curtain was twenty-eight cubits, and the width of each curtain four cubits; all the curtains had the same measurement.
A verbatim report of Exod 26:2's specified dimensions, now stated as accomplished fact rather than instruction — the curtains were made exactly to the prescribed 28×4 cubit standard.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אֹ֜רֶךְthe length ofN m sg constr · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Subject (construct, casus pendens)אֹרֶךְ (H753) 'length'; opens the dimension formula for the linen curtains, matching Exod 26:2.
הַיְרִיעָ֣הthe curtainart + N f sg abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Genitive (of construct אֹרֶךְ)יְרִיעָה (H3407) 'curtain'; individuated by the following הָאַחַת.
הָֽאַחַ֗תeach oneart + Num f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Apposition (distributive 'each')אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; with article, distributive, 'each single curtain'.
שְׁמֹנֶ֤הeightNum f sg abs · שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083)Numeral (construct with וְעֶשְׂרִים forming '28')שְׁמֹנֶה (H8083) 'eight'; combined with עֶשְׂרִים for 28.
וְעֶשְׂרִים֙and twentyconj וְ + Num com pl abs · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Numeral (predicate complement)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'; joined with שְׁמֹנֶה = 28 cubits (c. 12.3 m), exactly as Exod 26:2 specified.
בָּֽאַמָּ֔הcubitsprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial prepositional phrase of measureאַמָּה (H520) 'cubit', ~45 cm; the tabernacle's standard unit.
וְרֹ֨חַב֙and the width ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · רֹחַב (H7341)Coordinate subject (construct)רֹחַב (H7341) 'breadth, width'.
אַרְבַּ֣עfourNum f sg abs · אַרְבַּע (H702)Numeral (predicate)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'; the width in cubits (~1.8 m).
בָּֽאַמָּ֔הcubitsprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial prepositional phrase of measureאַמָּה (H520); repeats the standard unit.
הַיְרִיעָ֖הthe curtainart + N f sg abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Subject (resumptive apposition)יְרִיעָה (H3407); resumed before the closing distributive.
הָאֶחָ֑תeach oneart + Num f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Apposition (distributive)אֶחָד (H259); closes the dimension formula distributively.
מִדָּ֥הmeasurementN f sg abs · מִדָּה (H4060)Subject (summary statement)מִדָּה (H4060) 'measure, dimension'; summarizes that all ten curtains share one uniform size, exactly as executed.
אַחַ֖תone/the sameNum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Predicate adjective (numeral)אַחַת (H259) fem. of אֶחָד; idiomatic for 'a single, uniform' measurement.
לְכָלfor allprep לְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase (distributive, 'for each of')כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; distributes the uniform measure across every curtain.
הַיְרִיעֹֽתthe curtainsart + N f pl abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Genitive (object of לְכָל)יְרִיעָה (H3407) pl.; the full set of ten curtains, each of uniform measure, exactly as specified in Exod 26:2.
10
וַיְחַבֵּר֙ אֶת חֲמֵ֣שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל אֶחָ֑ת וְחָמֵ֤שׁ יְרִיעֹת֙ חִבַּ֔ר אַחַ֖ת אֶל אֶחָֽת
He joined the five curtains one to another, and the other five curtains he joined one to another.
Reports the assembly of the two five-curtain panels commanded in Exod 26:3, using the near-synonymous idiom 'one to another' in place of ch.26's 'each to her sister' — a stylistic rather than substantive variant typical of the instruction/execution pairs across chs.25-31//35-39.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיְחַבֵּר֙And he joinedPiel wayyiqtol 3ms · חָבַר (H2266)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָבַר (H2266) Piel 'to join, unite'; the technical verb for attaching curtain-panels, exactly as commanded in Exod 26:3 (there periphrastic תִּהְיֶיןָ חֹבְרֹת); here active, 'he joined' — likely Bezalel as subject.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking חֲמֵשׁ הַיְרִיעֹת as the definite object.
חֲמֵ֣שׁfiveNum f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Numeral (construct, object)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; half of the ten curtains, joined into one panel exactly as Exod 26:3 prescribed.
הַיְרִיעֹ֔תthe curtainsart + N f pl abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Direct objectיְרִיעָה (H3407) pl.; the first five-curtain group.
אַחַ֖תoneNum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Adverbial accusative (distributive, first element of idiom 'one to another')אֶחָד/אַחַת (H259) fem.; here in the idiom אַחַת אֶל אֶחָת 'one to another' — ch.36's own phrasing for the reciprocal joining idiom that Exod 26:3 expressed as אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (goal)אֶל (H413); completes the reciprocal idiom.
אֶחָ֑תanotherNum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Object of preposition (reciprocal idiom)אֶחָד/אַחַת (H259); closes the idiom 'edge to edge'.
וְחָמֵ֤שׁand fiveconj וְ + Num f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Coordinate numeral (object)חָמֵשׁ (H2568); the second set of curtains.
יְרִיעֹת֙curtainsN f pl abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Direct objectיְרִיעָה (H3407) pl.; the second five-curtain panel.
חִבַּ֔רhe joinedPiel perf 3ms · חָבַר (H2266)Predicate verb (main clause, perfect)→ Perfective: a completed act, paired with the preceding wayyiqtolחָבַר (H2266) Piel perfect 3ms; repeats the joining for the second panel.
אַחַ֖תoneNum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Adverbial accusative (distributive)אֶחָד/אַחַת (H259); repeats the reciprocal idiom for the second panel.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (goal)אֶל (H413).
אֶחָֽתanotherNum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Object of preposition (reciprocal idiom)אֶחָד/אַחַת (H259); closes the idiom for the second panel.
11
וַיַּ֜עַשׂ לֻֽלְאֹ֣ת תְּכֵ֗לֶת עַ֣ל שְׂפַ֤ת הַיְרִיעָה֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת מִקָּצָ֖ה בַּמַּחְבָּ֑רֶת כֵּ֤ן עָשָׂה֙ בִּשְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַקִּ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה בַּמַּחְבֶּ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית
He made loops of blue on the edge of the outermost curtain of the first set, at the point of joining; likewise he made it on the edge of the outermost curtain of the second set.
Nearly verbatim execution of Exod 26:4, again shifting the second-person weqatal ('you shall make... likewise you shall make') to third-person perfect ('he made... likewise he made').
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיַּ֜עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; executes Exod 26:4's weqatal command for the blue loops.
לֻֽלְאֹ֣תloops ofN f pl constr · לוּלָאָה (H3924)Direct object (construct)לוּלָאָה (H3924) 'loop'; small fabric loops sewn along a curtain's edge to receive the gold clasps of v.13, exactly as in Exod 26:4.
תְּכֵ֗לֶתblueN f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Adverbial accusative of material (genitival)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504) 'blue-violet yarn'; the color of the loops, matching the curtains' own dye-palette.
עַ֣לonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
שְׂפַ֤תthe edge ofN f sg constr · שָׂפָה (H8193)Genitive (construct, locative)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'lip, edge, border'; the selvage where loops are attached.
הַיְרִיעָה֙the curtainart + N f sg abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Genitiveיְרִיעָה (H3407); the outermost sheet of the first five-curtain panel.
הָֽאֶחָ֔תthe firstart + Num f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Apposition (ordinal 'first' of the two sets)אֶחָד (H259); designates 'the first' of the two panels being joined.
מִקָּצָ֖הfrom the endprep מִן + N f/c sg abs · קָצֶה (H7098)Adverbial prepositional phrase (locative)קָצֶה (H7098) 'end, extremity'; marks the terminal edge of the curtain-set.
בַּמַּחְבָּ֑רֶתat the joiningprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · מַחְבֶּרֶת (H4225)Adverbial prepositional phrase (locative, apposition to מִקָּצָה)מַחְבֶּרֶת (H4225) 'joining-place, seam'; the seam-edge where the two panels meet.
כֵּ֤ןlikewiseadv · כֵּן (H3651)Comparative adverbial (correlative)כֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; signals the same procedure repeated for the second set, as Exod 26:4's וְכֵן.
עָשָׂה֙he madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive)→ Perfective: a completed, parallel actעָשָׂה (H6213); resumes for the second curtain-set's loops.
בִּשְׂפַ֣תon the edge ofprep בְּ + N f sg constr · שָׂפָה (H8193)Locative prepositional phraseשָׂפָה (H8193); repeats the location-formula for the second set's outer curtain.
הַיְרִיעָ֔הthe curtainart + N f sg abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Genitiveיְרִיעָה (H3407); the outermost sheet of the second panel.
הַקִּ֣יצוֹנָ֔הthe outermostart + adj f sg abs · קִיצוֹן (H7020)Attributive adjective modifying הַיְרִיעָהקִיצוֹן (H7020) 'outer, outermost'; identifies the last curtain of the second set.
בַּמַּחְבֶּ֖רֶתat the couplingprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · מַחְבֶּרֶת (H4225)Adverbial prepositional phrase (locative)מַחְבֶּרֶת (H4225); the specific seam between the two panels.
הַשֵּׁנִֽיתthe secondart + ordinal f sg abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Attributive ordinal modifying בַּמַּחְבֶּרֶתשֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; designates the second seam/coupling.
12
חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֮ בַּיְרִיעָ֣ה הָאֶחָת֒ וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּמַּחְבֶּ֣רֶת הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית מַקְבִּילֹת֙ הַלֻּ֣לָאֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל אֶחָֽת
He made fifty loops on the one curtain, and fifty loops he made on the edge of the curtain that was in the second set; the loops corresponded to one another.
Continues the precise, measured report of loop-construction exactly matching Exod 26:5, again substituting the numeral-idiom 'one to another' for ch.26's 'sister' idiom — one of the chapter's minor, non-substantive verbal variations.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
חֲמִשִּׁ֣יםFiftyNum com pl abs · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Numeral (object, fronted)חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572) 'fifty'; the number of loops per curtain-edge, matched by fifty gold clasps in v.13.
לֻלָאֹ֗תloopsN f pl abs · לוּלָאָה (H3924)Direct objectלוּלָאָה (H3924) 'loop'; sewn along the seam-edge of the first panel.
עָשָׂה֮he madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; specifies the total count of loops on the first curtain-edge, per Exod 26:5.
בַּיְרִיעָ֣הon the curtainprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Locative prepositional phraseיְרִיעָה (H3407); the outer curtain of the first panel bearing the fifty loops.
הָאֶחָת֒the firstart + Num f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Appositionאֶחָד (H259); identifies which curtain-edge — the first panel's outer edge.
וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣יםand fiftyconj וְ + Num com pl abs · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Coordinate numeralחֲמִשִּׁים (H2572); the matching number of loops on the second panel's edge.
לֻלָאֹ֗תloopsN f pl abs · לוּלָאָה (H3924)Direct objectלוּלָאָה (H3924); the loops sewn along the second panel's seam-edge.
עָשָׂה֙he madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, parallel actעָשָׂה (H6213); repeats for the second set of loops.
בִּקְצֵ֣הon the edge ofprep בְּ + N com sg constr · קָצֶה (H7097)Locative prepositional phraseקָצֶה (H7097) 'end, edge'; the terminal edge of the second panel's curtain.
הַיְרִיעָ֔הthe curtainart + N f sg abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Genitiveיְרִיעָה (H3407); the outer curtain of the second panel.
אֲשֶׁ֖רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing the relative clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834).
בַּמַּחְבֶּ֣רֶתis in the coupling ofprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · מַחְבֶּרֶת (H4225)Adverbial prepositional phrase (locative, within relative clause)מַחְבֶּרֶת (H4225); locates this curtain at the second panel's coupling.
הַשֵּׁנִ֑יתthe secondart + ordinal f sg abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Attributive ordinalשֵׁנִי (H8145); identifies which seam/coupling is meant.
מַקְבִּילֹת֙correspondingHiphil ptc f pl abs · קָבַל (H6901)Predicate participle (verbless clause)→ Participle: describing a static positional correspondenceקָבַל (H6901) Hiphil 'to be opposite, correspond to'; loops precisely aligned across the two edges so the clasps of v.13 can join them.
הַלֻּ֣לָאֹ֔תthe loopsart + N f pl abs · לוּלָאָה (H3924)Subjectלוּלָאָה (H3924) pl.; the full set of one hundred loops (fifty per edge) that must align.
אַחַ֖תoneNum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Adverbial accusative (distributive, first element of idiom)אֶחָד/אַחַת (H259); here ch.36's phrasing 'one opposite another' in place of Exod 26:5's אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחֹתָהּ.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (goal)אֶל (H413); completes the reciprocal idiom.
אֶחָֽתanotherNum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Object of preposition (reciprocal idiom)אֶחָד/אַחַת (H259); closes the idiom describing the loops' precise pairing.
13
וַיַּ֕עַשׂ חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים קַרְסֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב וַיְחַבֵּ֨ר אֶת הַיְרִעֹ֜ת אַחַ֤ת אֶל אַחַת֙ בַּקְּרָסִ֔ים וַֽיְהִ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן אֶחָֽד
He made fifty clasps of gold, and joined the curtains to one another with the clasps, so that the tabernacle became one whole.
Closes movement B: the gold clasps unite the two curtain-panels, and the climactic וַיְהִי הַמִּשְׁכָּן אֶחָד ('the tabernacle became one') reports as accomplished fact the very outcome Exod 26:6 had prescribed — many curtains truly becoming a single dwelling.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיַּ֕עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:6's command for the gold clasps.
חֲמִשִּׁ֖יםfiftyNum com pl abs · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Numeral (object)חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572) 'fifty'; matches the fifty loops of vv.11-12.
קַרְסֵ֣יclasps ofN m pl constr · קֶרֶס (H7165)Direct object (construct)קֶרֶס (H7165) 'clasp, hook'; gold fasteners joining the loops of the two curtain-panels into a single tent-roof.
זָהָ֑בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive (material, of construct קַרְסֵי)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the most precious metal, used for the tabernacle's innermost, most sacred fabric layer.
וַיְחַבֵּ֨רand he joinedPiel wayyiqtol 3ms · חָבַר (H2266)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָבַר (H2266) Piel 'to join, couple'; the technical verb uniting the curtain-panels into the finished tent-cloth.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking הַיְרִעֹת as the definite object.
הַיְרִעֹ֜תthe curtainsart + N f pl abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Direct objectיְרִיעָה (H3407) pl.; the two five-curtain panels, now joined into a single tent-roof.
אַחַ֤תoneNum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Adverbial accusative (distributive, first element of idiom)אֶחָד/אַחַת (H259); here 'one to another', ch.36's idiom variant for Exod 26:6's 'each to her sister'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (goal)אֶל (H413); completes the reciprocal idiom.
אַחַת֙anotherNum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Object of preposition (reciprocal idiom)אֶחָד/אַחַת (H259); closes the phrase describing the two panels joined edge to edge.
בַּקְּרָסִ֔יםwith the claspsprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · קֶרֶס (H7165)Instrumental prepositional phraseקֶרֶס (H7165) pl.; the fifty gold clasps functioning as the instrument of joining.
וַֽיְהִ֥יand it became/wasQal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (result clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: the narrative's climactic resolution — the resulting unified stateהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; marks the resulting state — the many curtains becoming one unified tabernacle-cloth, exactly as Exod 26:6 promised.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Subjectמִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'dwelling place'; the completed linen structure, now a single unified whole.
אֶחָֽדone wholeNum m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Predicate adjective (numeral, 'a single unit')אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; predicate stressing that the composite curtains form a single, unified dwelling — the climactic fulfillment of Exod 26:6's design.
14
וַיַּ֨עַשׂ֙ יְרִיעֹ֣ת עִזִּ֔ים לְאֹ֖הֶל עַל הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עַשְׁתֵּֽי עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה יְרִיעֹ֖ת עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם
He made curtains of goats' hair for a tent over the tabernacle; eleven curtains he made.
Opens movement C: the second, coarser fabric layer is now made exactly as prescribed, one curtain more than the linen set to provide the overhang described in Exod 26:9,12-13 (details ch.36's narrative does not repeat, since they describe disposition rather than an act of making).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיַּ֨עַשׂ֙And he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — opens the goat-hair tent-covering unitעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:7's command, shifting to the second fabric layer.
יְרִיעֹ֣תcurtains ofN f pl constr · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Direct object (construct)יְרִיעָה (H3407) pl.; here the coarser goat-hair panels forming the tent laid over the linen tabernacle-curtains.
עִזִּ֔יםgoats' hairN f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Genitive (material, of construct יְרִיעֹת)עֵז (H5795) 'goat'; pl. עִזִּים — goat-hair cloth, coarser and more weather-resistant, forming the outer tent over the linen curtains of vv.8-13.
לְאֹ֖הֶלfor a tentprep לְ + N m sg abs · אֹהֶל (H168)Prepositional phrase (purpose)אֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; the goat-hair tent-covering laid over the linen מִשְׁכָּן, distinct from it.
עַלoverprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'over, upon'; positions the goat-hair tent above the tabernacle-curtains.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Object of prepositionמִשְׁכָּן (H4908); the linen structure of vv.8-13, over which the goat-hair tent is now draped.
עַשְׁתֵּֽיeleven-Num com pl constr · עַשְׁתֵּי (H6249)Numeral (construct, 'eleven-')עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה (H6249 + H6240) idiomatic 'eleven'; one more than the ten linen curtains, so the goat-hair tent overhangs on all sides, exactly as designed in Exod 26:7.
עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה-teenNum f sg abs · עֶשְׂרֵה (H6240)Numeral (second element of 'eleven')עֶשְׂרֵה (H6240) '-teen'; combines with עַשְׁתֵּי for the number 'eleven'.
יְרִיעֹ֖תcurtainsN f pl abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Direct object (resumptive)יְרִיעָה (H3407) pl.; the eleven goat-hair panels made.
עָשָׂ֥הhe madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive)→ Perfective: a completed, accomplished actעָשָׂה (H6213); resumes the command's object with אֹתָם, echoing Exod 26:7's own resumptive תַּעֲשֶׂה.
אֹתָֽםthemobj marker + 3mp suffix · אֵת (H853)Direct object (resumptive)אֵת (H853) + 3mp suffix; refers back to the eleven goat-hair curtains.
15
אֹ֜רֶךְ הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָאַחַ֗ת שְׁלֹשִׁים֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֣ע אַמּ֔וֹת רֹ֖חַב הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָאֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֣ה אַחַ֔ת לְעַשְׁתֵּ֥י עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה יְרִיעֹֽת
The length of each curtain was thirty cubits, and the width of each curtain four cubits; the eleven curtains had the same measurement.
Reports the goat-hair curtains' dimensions exactly as Exod 26:8 prescribed — thirty by four cubits, two cubits longer than the linen curtains to provide the overhang.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אֹ֜רֶךְthe length ofN m sg constr · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Subject (construct, casus pendens)אֹרֶךְ (H753) 'length'; opens the dimension formula for the goat-hair curtains, matching Exod 26:8.
הַיְרִיעָ֣הthe curtainart + N f sg abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Genitiveיְרִיעָה (H3407); one of the eleven goat-hair panels.
הָאַחַ֗תeach oneart + Num f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Apposition (distributive)אֶחָד (H259); distributive, 'each single curtain'.
שְׁלֹשִׁים֙thirtyNum com pl abs · שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970)Numeral (predicate)שְׁלֹשִׁים (H7970) 'thirty'; the goat-hair curtains are two cubits longer than the linen ones (30 vs 28), for the extra overhang, exactly as commanded.
בָּֽאַמָּ֔הcubitsprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial prepositional phrase of measureאַמָּה (H520) 'cubit'.
וְאַרְבַּ֣עand fourconj וְ + Num f sg abs · אַרְבַּע (H702)Coordinate numeral (predicate)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'; the width, same as the linen curtains.
אַמּ֔וֹתcubitsN f pl abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial noun of measureאַמָּה (H520) pl.; the standard measuring unit, here plural after the numeral four.
רֹ֖חַבthe width ofN m sg constr · רֹחַב (H7341)Coordinate subject (construct)רֹחַב (H7341) 'breadth, width'; the second dimension for the goat-hair curtains.
הַיְרִיעָ֣הthe curtainart + N f sg abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Subject (resumptive apposition)יְרִיעָה (H3407); resumed before the closing distributive.
הָאֶחָ֑תeach oneart + Num f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Apposition (distributive)אֶחָד (H259); closes the dimension formula distributively.
מִדָּ֣הmeasurementN f sg abs · מִדָּה (H4060)Subject (summary statement)מִדָּה (H4060) 'measure'; summarizes that all eleven curtains share one uniform size.
אַחַ֔תone/the sameNum f sg abs · אַחַת (H259)Predicate adjective (numeral)אַחַת (H259); idiomatic for 'a single, uniform' measurement.
לְעַשְׁתֵּ֥יfor the elevenprep לְ + Num com pl constr · עַשְׁתֵּי (H6249)Prepositional phrase (distributive, 'for each of the eleven')עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה (H6249 + H6240) 'eleven'; the full set of goat-hair curtains sharing this measure.
עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה-teenNum f sg abs · עֶשְׂרֵה (H6240)Numeral (second element of 'eleven')עֶשְׂרֵה (H6240); completes the number eleven with עַשְׁתֵּי.
יְרִיעֹֽתcurtainsN f pl abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Genitive (object of לְ)יְרִיעָה (H3407) pl.; the eleven goat-hair curtains, all of uniform measure.
16
וַיְחַבֵּ֛ר אֶת חֲמֵ֥שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת לְבָ֑ד וְאֶת שֵׁ֥שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת לְבָֽד
He joined five of the curtains by themselves, and six of the curtains by themselves.
Reports the goat-hair curtains grouped as five plus six (unlike the linen set's even five-and-five), setting up the doubled sixth curtain at the tent's entrance detailed in Exod 26:9 (a detail this chapter's narrative does not separately restate).
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיְחַבֵּ֛רAnd he joinedPiel wayyiqtol 3ms · חָבַר (H2266)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָבַר (H2266) Piel 'to join'; groups the goat-hair curtains into two sub-panels, executing Exod 26:9.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking חֲמֵשׁ הַיְרִיעֹת as the definite object.
חֲמֵ֥שׁfiveNum f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Numeral (object)חָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; the first sub-group of goat-hair curtains.
הַיְרִיעֹ֖תthe curtainsart + N f pl abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Direct objectיְרִיעָה (H3407) pl.; the first five-curtain sub-panel of the goat-hair tent.
לְבָ֑דby themselvesprep לְ + N m sg abs · בַּד (H905)Adverbial prepositional phrase (manner, 'apart')בַּד (H905) 'separation, alone'; idiom לְבַד 'by itself, separately' — the eleven curtains are joined in two sub-groups, unlike the linen set's single division.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerאֵת (H853); marks שֵׁשׁ הַיְרִיעֹת as the second definite direct object.
שֵׁ֥שׁsixNum f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Numeral (object)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six' (homographic with, but distinct in meaning from, שֵׁשׁ 'fine linen' H8336); the second sub-group of goat-hair curtains.
הַיְרִיעֹ֖תthe curtainsart + N f pl abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Direct objectיְרִיעָה (H3407) pl.; the second, six-curtain sub-panel.
לְבָֽדby themselvesprep לְ + N m sg abs · בַּד (H905)Adverbial prepositional phrase (manner)בַּד (H905) 'separation'; repeats the idiom 'by itself' for the second sub-group.
17
וַיַּ֜עַשׂ לֻֽלָאֹ֣ת חֲמִשִּׁ֗ים עַ֚ל שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַקִּיצֹנָ֖ה בַּמַּחְבָּ֑רֶת וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֙ עַל שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַחֹבֶ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית
He made fifty loops on the edge of the outermost curtain of the first set, and fifty loops he made on the edge of the curtain of the second, joining set.
Reports the goat-hair tent's loops made exactly as Exod 26:10 prescribed, paralleling the linen curtains' loops of vv.11-12 with the same fifty-and-fifty count.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיַּ֜עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:10's loop-instruction for the goat-hair tent's two sub-panels.
לֻֽלָאֹ֣תloopsN f pl abs · לוּלָאָה (H3924)Direct objectלוּלָאָה (H3924) 'loop'; sewn along the seam-edge of the goat-hair tent's first sub-panel.
חֲמִשִּׁ֗יםfiftyNum com pl abs · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Numeral (object modifier)חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572) 'fifty'; the number of loops on the first sub-panel's edge.
עַ֚לonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; introduces the location of the loops.
שְׂפַ֣תthe edge ofN f sg constr · שָׂפָה (H8193)Genitive (construct, locative)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'lip, edge, border'; the selvage where the loops are sewn.
הַיְרִיעָ֔הthe curtainart + N f sg abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Genitiveיְרִיעָה (H3407); the outer curtain of the goat-hair tent's first sub-panel.
הַקִּיצֹנָ֖הthe outermostart + adj f sg abs · קִיצוֹן (H7020)Attributive adjective modifying הַיְרִיעָהקִיצוֹן (H7020) 'outer, outermost'; identifies the panel's outer curtain, as in v.11.
בַּמַּחְבָּ֑רֶתat the joiningprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · מַחְבֶּרֶת (H4225)Adverbial prepositional phrase (locative)מַחְבֶּרֶת (H4225) 'joint, coupling'; the seam-edge of the first sub-panel.
וַחֲמִשִּׁ֣יםand fiftyconj וְ + Num com pl abs · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Coordinate numeralחֲמִשִּׁים (H2572); the matching number of loops on the second sub-panel's edge.
לֻלָאֹ֗תloopsN f pl abs · לוּלָאָה (H3924)Direct objectלוּלָאָה (H3924); sewn along the second sub-panel's seam-edge.
עָשָׂה֙he madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive)→ Perfective: a completed, parallel actעָשָׂה (H6213); resumes for the second sub-panel's loops.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921); introduces the location of the second set of loops.
שְׂפַ֣תthe edge ofN f sg constr · שָׂפָה (H8193)Genitive (construct, locative)שָׂפָה (H8193); the seam-edge of the second sub-panel.
הַיְרִיעָ֔הthe curtainart + N f sg abs · יְרִיעָה (H3407)Genitiveיְרִיעָה (H3407); the joining curtain of the second sub-panel.
הַחֹבֶ֖רֶתthe joining (curtain)art + Qal ptc f sg abs · חָבַר (H2266)Attributive participle modifying הַיְרִיעָה→ Participle: characterizing the curtain's function at the seamחָבַר (H2266) Qal participle 'joining'; describes the curtain lying at the coupling-seam of the second sub-panel, echoing Exod 26:10's identical form.
הַשֵּׁנִֽיתthe secondart + ordinal f sg abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Attributive ordinalשֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; identifies which coupling is meant, paired with 'the first' above.
18
וַיַּ֛עַשׂ קַרְסֵ֥י נְחֹ֖שֶׁת חֲמִשִּׁ֑ים לְחַבֵּ֥ר אֶת הָאֹ֖הֶל לִֽהְיֹ֥ת אֶחָֽד
He made fifty clasps of bronze to join the tent together, so that it would be one.
Completes movement C's tent-assembly: bronze — a lesser metal than the gold clasps of v.13 — matches the goat-hair covering's more utilitarian status beneath the sacred linen layer, exactly as Exod 26:11 specified.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיַּ֛עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:11's command for the bronze clasps.
קַרְסֵ֥יclasps ofN m pl constr · קֶרֶס (H7165)Direct object (construct)קֶרֶס (H7165) 'clasp, hook'; here of bronze, joining the goat-hair tent's two sub-panels.
נְחֹ֖שֶׁתbronzeN f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Genitive (material)נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178) 'copper, bronze'; a lesser-grade metal than the gold clasps of v.13, fitting the goat-hair tent's more utilitarian, outer covering.
חֲמִשִּׁ֑יםfiftyNum com pl abs · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Numeral (predicate, apposition)חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572) 'fifty'; matches the fifty loops of v.17.
לְחַבֵּ֥רto joinprep לְ + Piel inf constr · חָבַר (H2266)Purpose infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: expresses the purpose of the claspsחָבַר (H2266) Piel inf constr 'to join'; states the clasps' purpose — uniting the two goat-hair sub-panels into one tent.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking הָאֹהֶל as the definite object of לְחַבֵּר.
הָאֹ֖הֶלthe tentart + N m sg abs · אֹהֶל (H168)Direct objectאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; the goat-hair covering, joined into one piece.
לִֽהְיֹ֥תto beprep לְ + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Purpose/result infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: expresses the resulting stateהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; forms the purpose clause 'so that it would be one', paralleling v.13's climax for the linen tabernacle.
אֶחָֽדoneNum m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Predicate adjective (numeral)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; the goat-hair tent, like the linen tabernacle beneath it, becomes a single unified covering.
19
וַיַּ֤עַשׂ מִכְסֶה֙ לָאֹ֔הֶל עֹרֹ֥ת אֵלִ֖ים מְאָדָּמִ֑ים וּמִכְסֵ֛ה עֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים מִלְמָֽעְלָה
He made a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of taḥash skins above.
Closes movement C and the whole four-layer roof (linen, goat-hair, ram-skin, taḥash), reporting as accomplished the two final weatherproof layers exactly as Exod 26:14 prescribed; the section now transitions to the rigid acacia frame of vv.20-30 (movement D, outside this worker's scope).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיַּ֤עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — closes movement C with the outermost protective layersעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:14's command for the two final weatherproof coverings.
מִכְסֶה֙a coveringN m sg abs · מִכְסֶה (H4372)Direct objectמִכְסֶה (H4372) 'covering', from כָּסָה 'to cover'; the outermost protective layer over the goat-hair tent.
לָאֹ֔הֶלfor the tentprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · אֹהֶל (H168)Prepositional phrase (purpose)אֹהֶל (H168); the goat-hair structure receiving the outer weatherproof layers.
עֹרֹ֥תskins ofN m pl constr · עוֹר (H5785)Genitive (material, construct)עוֹר (H5785) 'skin, hide'; the durable weatherproof material of the outer coverings.
אֵלִ֖יםramsN m pl abs · אַיִל (H352)Genitive (of construct עֹרֹת)אַיִל (H352) 'ram'; pl. אֵילִים — ram hides tanned and dyed for the first protective covering.
מְאָדָּמִ֑יםdyed redPual ptc m pl abs · אָדַם (H119)Attributive participle modifying עֹרֹת אֵלִים→ Passive participle: a resultant dyed stateאָדַם (H119) Pual 'reddened, dyed red'; from the same root as אָדֹם/אָדָם — leather stained crimson, echoing the tabernacle's scarlet motif, exactly as Exod 26:14.
וּמִכְסֵ֛הand a covering ofconj + N m sg constr · מִכְסֶה (H4372)Coordinate direct object (construct)מִכְסֶה (H4372) 'covering'; the second, outermost protective layer.
עֹרֹ֥תskins ofN m pl constr · עוֹר (H5785)Genitive (construct)עוֹר (H5785) 'skin, hide'; material of the topmost covering.
תְּחָשִׁ֖יםtaḥashN m pl abs · תַּחַשׁ (H8476)Genitive (of construct מִכְסֵה עֹרֹת)תַּחַשׁ (H8476) of disputed identity (dugong/porpoise skin, or a fine leather/goat-variety); the outermost weatherproofing layer, its exact referent uncertain since antiquity.
מִלְמָֽעְלָהaboveprep מִן + prep לְ + adv · מַעְלָה (H4605)Adverbial prepositional phrase (locative, 'on top')מַעְלָה (H4605) 'upward, above'; specifies the taḥash covering as the topmost of the four layers over the tabernacle, completing the roof exactly as designed in Exod 26:14.
20
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֖ים עֹמְדִֽים
He made the frames for the tabernacle of acacia wood, standing upright.
Opens movement D, the tabernacle's rigid structural skeleton, echoing Exod 26:15's command with the same wayyiqtol-for-imperative transformation established since v.8; the participle עֹמְדִים ('standing') anticipates the vertical function detailed through v.30.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיַּ֥עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — opens movement D, the frame sectionעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:15's command to make the standing frames.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking הַקְּרָשִׁים as the definite object of וַיַּעַשׂ.
הַקְּרָשִׁ֖יםthe framesart + N m pl abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Direct objectקֶרֶשׁ (H7175) 'frame, board'; the upright acacia planks forming the tabernacle's rigid wall-skeleton, first commanded in Exod 26:15.
לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ןfor the tabernacleprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Prepositional phrase (purpose/possession)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'dwelling place', from שָׁכַן 'to dwell'; the frames form its structural walls.
עֲצֵ֥יwood ofN m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Genitive (construct, material)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'; construct with שִׁטִּים naming the material.
שִׁטִּ֖יםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive (material, of construct עֲצֵי)שִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia'; the durable desert-hardwood used throughout the tabernacle's structural elements — ark, table, altar, frames, bars, pillars.
עֹמְדִֽיםstandingQal ptc m pl abs · עָמַד (H5975)Attributive/adverbial participle modifying הַקְּרָשִׁים→ Participle: durative, describing the frames' fixed upright postureעָמַד (H5975) 'to stand'; the frames stand upright, forming the vertical walls into which the horizontal bars (vv.31-34) will be threaded.
21
עֶ֥שֶׂר אַמֹּ֖ת אֹ֣רֶךְ הַקָּ֑רֶשׁ וְאַמָּה֙ וַחֲצִ֣י הָֽאַמָּ֔ה רֹ֖חַב הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד
Ten cubits was the length of a frame, and a cubit and a half the width of each frame.
A verbless measurement clause suspending the wayyiqtol narrative chain to specify the frame's dimensions, exactly as Exod 26:16 prescribed; it supplies the uniform module (10 × 1.5 cubits) presupposed by the frame-count arithmetic of vv.22-30.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
עֶ֥שֶׂרtenNum f sg abs · עֶשֶׂר (H6235)Numeral (predicate)עֶשֶׂר (H6235) 'ten'; matches Exod 26:16's specified frame length.
אַמֹּ֖תcubitsN f pl abs · אַמָּה (H520)Noun in apposition to numeral (measure)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit', ca. 45 cm; the standard tabernacle unit of measure.
אֹ֣רֶךְthe length ofN m sg constr · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Subject (construct, measurement clause)אֹרֶךְ (H753) 'length', from אָרַךְ 'to be long'; introduces the frame's vertical dimension.
הַקָּ֑רֶשׁthe frameart + N m sg abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Genitive (construct אֹרֶךְ)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); each individual standing board — matches Exod 26:16's ten-cubit length.
וְאַמָּה֙and a cubitconj וְ + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Coordinate numeral (measure, predicate)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit'; begins the width measurement.
וַחֲצִ֣יand half ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · חֲצִי (H2677)Coordinate noun (construct, measure)חֲצִי (H2677) 'half', from חָצָה 'to divide'; construct with הָאַמָּה, 'half the cubit'.
הָֽאַמָּ֔הthe cubitart + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Genitive (construct חֲצִי)אַמָּה (H520); together 'a cubit and a half' — matches Exod 26:16's frame width.
רֹ֖חַבthe width ofN m sg constr · רֹחַב (H7341)Subject (construct, measurement clause)רֹחַב (H7341) 'width, breadth', from רָחַב 'to be wide'; introduces the frame's horizontal dimension.
הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁof the frameart + N m sg abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Genitive (construct רֹחַב)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); repeated to specify each frame's width, distinct from its length in v.21a.
הָאֶחָֽדthe single oneart + Num m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (numeral, distributive 'each')אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; here distributive, 'each single frame' — every board shares this uniform measure.
22
שְׁתֵּ֣י יָדֹ֗ת לַקֶּ֨רֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד מְשֻׁלָּבֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל אֶחָ֑ת כֵּ֣ן עָשָׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל קַרְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן
Each frame had two tenons, joined one to another; so he made for all the frames of the tabernacle.
Continues the level-1 descriptive aside of v.21, detailing the tenon-and-socket joinery of Exod 26:17; the closing כֵּן עָשָׂה formula ('thus he did') restores the perfect-tense fulfillment note before the wayyiqtol narrative resumes counting frames in v.23.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
שְׁתֵּ֣יtwoNum f dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, subject)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; here fem. dual construct שְׁתֵּי with יָדוֹת, 'two tenons'.
יָדֹ֗תtenonsN c pl abs · יָד (H3027)Subjectיָד (H3027) lit. 'hand'; here technical for the projecting tenon-pegs at each frame's foot fitting into the sockets — a 'hand'-shaped fitting.
לַקֶּ֨רֶשׁ֙for the frameprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Prepositional phrase (possession/purpose)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); each frame is fitted with its own pair of tenons.
הָֽאֶחָ֔דthe single oneart + Num m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (distributive 'each')אֶחָד (H259) distributive, 'each single frame'.
מְשֻׁלָּבֹ֔תjoined/fittedPual ptc f pl abs · שָׁלַב (H7947)Attributive participle modifying יָדֹת→ Passive participle: a resultant fitted/interlocking stateשָׁלַב (H7947) Pual 'joined, connected, made parallel'; a rare root describing the tenons' precise fitted alignment, perhaps like rungs of a ladder.
אַחַ֖תoneNum f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Adverbial accusative (reciprocal idiom)אֶחָד (H259); with אֶל אֶחָת forms the reciprocal idiom 'one to another', paralleling the curtain-joining formula of vv.10,12.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition (reciprocal idiom)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; completes the reciprocal 'one to another'.
אֶחָ֑תanotherNum f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Object of preposition (reciprocal idiom)אֶחָד (H259); second member of the reciprocal pair.
כֵּ֣ןthusadv · כֵּן (H3651)Adverb (manner, resumptive)כֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; resumes and confirms the preceding description as the executed norm.
עָשָׂ֔הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed act, summarizing uniform executionעָשָׂה (H6213); summarizes that every frame received this same tenon construction.
לְכֹ֖לfor allprep לְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase (scope)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct with קַרְשֵׁי, extending the tenon-construction to every frame.
קַרְשֵׁ֥יthe frames ofN m pl constr · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Genitive (construct כֹּל)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); pl. construct, 'all the frames'.
הַמִּשְׁכָּֽןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive (construct קַרְשֵׁי)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908); the whole frame-set for the tabernacle.
23
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֶשְׂרִ֣ים קְרָשִׁ֔ים לִפְאַ֖ת נֶ֥גֶב תֵּימָֽנָה
He made the frames for the tabernacle: twenty frames for the south side, southward.
Resumes the wayyiqtol narrative after the v.21-22 measurement aside, now itemizing the frames by wall: the south side receives its twenty boards exactly as Exod 26:18 commanded.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיַּ֥עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — resumes the frame-count after the v.21-22 measurement asideעָשָׂה (H6213); begins the side-by-side accounting of Exod 26:18-23.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking הַקְּרָשִׁים as the definite object.
הַקְּרָשִׁ֖יםthe framesart + N m pl abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Direct objectקֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the frame-set as a whole, now itemized by side.
לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ןfor the tabernacleprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Prepositional phrase (purpose)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908); the structure the frames enclose.
עֶשְׂרִ֣יםtwentyNum com pl abs · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Numeral (apposition, subject)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'; the frame-count for the south wall, matching Exod 26:18.
קְרָשִׁ֔יםframesN m pl abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Noun in apposition to numeralקֶרֶשׁ (H7175); restates the item being counted.
לִפְאַ֖תfor the side ofprep לְ + N f sg constr · פֵּאָה (H6285)Prepositional phrase (location)פֵּאָה (H6285) 'side, edge, corner'; construct naming the wall's direction.
נֶ֥גֶבsouthN m sg abs · נֶגֶב (H5045)Genitive (construct פְּאַת)נֶגֶב (H5045) 'south, the Negev region'; here directional, 'the south side'.
תֵּימָֽנָהsouthwardN f sg abs + directional ה · תֵּימָן (H8486)Adverbial accusative (directional, in apposition)תֵּימָן (H8486) 'south, right hand (facing east)'; the directional ה- suffix reinforces נֶגֶב, emphasizing the southward orientation.
24
וְאַרְבָּעִים֙ אַדְנֵי כֶ֔סֶף עָשָׂ֕ה תַּ֖חַת עֶשְׂרִ֣ים הַקְּרָשִׁ֑ים שְׁנֵ֨י אֲדָנִ֜ים תַּֽחַת הַקֶּ֤רֶשׁ הָאֶחָד֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י יְדֹתָ֔יו וּשְׁנֵ֧י אֲדָנִ֛ים תַּֽחַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁתֵּ֥י יְדֹתָֽיו
Forty silver sockets he made under the twenty frames: two sockets under the first frame for its two tenons, and two sockets under the next frame for its two tenons.
A detailed distributive breakdown (two sockets per frame × twenty frames = forty) confirming the arithmetic of v.23's south-wall count; the repetition of תַּחַת הַקֶּרֶשׁ הָאֶחָד … וּשְׁנֵי … verbally mirrors Exod 26:19's own paired formula.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וְאַרְבָּעִים֙and fortyconj וְ + Num com pl abs · אַרְבָּעִים (H705)Numeral (apposition, subject)אַרְבָּעִים (H705) 'forty'; the socket-count matching the twenty frames × two tenons each, per Exod 26:19.
אַדְנֵיsockets ofN m pl constr · אֶדֶן (H134)Noun in apposition to numeral (construct)אֶדֶן (H134) 'socket, base, pedestal'; the heavy stands into which each frame's tenons are set, anchoring the wall to the ground.
כֶ֔סֶףsilverN m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Genitive (material, of construct אַדְנֵי)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'; the tabernacle's foundational metal, tradition connecting its source to the atonement-census silver of Exod 30:11-16 (cf. Exod 38:25-27).
עָשָׂ֕הhe madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive actעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:19's command for the silver sockets.
תַּ֖חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Prepositional phrase (location)תַּחַת (H8478) 'under, beneath'; locates the sockets beneath the standing frames.
עֶשְׂרִ֣יםthe twentyNum com pl abs · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Genitive (object of preposition)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'; the south-wall frame-count of v.23.
הַקְּרָשִׁ֑יםframesart + N m pl abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Noun in apposition to numeral (object of preposition)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the south-wall boards receiving the sockets.
שְׁנֵ֨יtwoNum m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, distributive detail)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); introduces the per-frame breakdown of the forty sockets.
אֲדָנִ֜יםsocketsN m pl abs · אֶדֶן (H134)Noun in apposition to numeralאֶדֶן (H134); each frame's own pair of sockets.
תַּֽחַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Prepositional phrase (location)תַּחַת (H8478); repeats the locative relation for the first frame.
הַקֶּ֤רֶשׁthe frameart + N m sg abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Object of prepositionקֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the first frame in the distributive pairing.
הָאֶחָד֙the oneart + Num m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (numeral, distinguishing 'one … another')אֶחָד (H259); 'one [frame]', paired with the following הָאֶחָד of the second frame.
לִשְׁתֵּ֣יfor its twoprep לְ + Num f dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Prepositional phrase (purpose)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); 'for two', governing יְדֹתָיו.
יְדֹתָ֔יוits tenonsN c pl constr + 3ms suff · יָד (H3027)Genitive (construct, with pronominal suffix)יָד (H3027) 'hand', technical for tenon; suffixed 'its [the frame's] two tenons', matching v.22's construction.
וּשְׁנֵ֧יand twoconj וְ + Num m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Coordinate numeral (construct)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); introduces the second frame's socket-pair.
אֲדָנִ֛יםsocketsN m pl abs · אֶדֶן (H134)Noun in apposition to numeralאֶדֶן (H134); the second frame's own pair of sockets.
תַּֽחַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Prepositional phrase (location)תַּחַת (H8478); locative for the second frame.
הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁthe frameart + N m sg abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Object of prepositionקֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the second frame.
הָאֶחָ֖דthe otherart + Num m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (numeral, 'another')אֶחָד (H259); 'the other [frame]', completing the 'one … another' distributive pattern applied throughout vv.24,26,30.
לִשְׁתֵּ֥יfor its twoprep לְ + Num f dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Prepositional phrase (purpose)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); repeats for the second frame's tenons.
יְדֹתָֽיוits tenonsN c pl constr + 3ms suff · יָד (H3027)Genitive (construct, with pronominal suffix)יָד (H3027); the second frame's two tenons, mirroring the first.
25
וּלְצֶ֧לַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית לִפְאַ֣ת צָפ֑וֹן עָשָׂ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים קְרָשִֽׁים
And for the second side of the tabernacle, the north side, he made twenty frames.
Moves to the tabernacle's second wall, mirroring the south side's construction (v.23) exactly, per Exod 26:20; the fronted לְצֶלַע phrase marks a new topic within the ongoing frame-narrative.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּלְצֶ֧לַעand for the side ofconj וְ + prep לְ + N c sg constr · צֵלָע (H6763)Prepositional phrase (location, fronted topic)צֵלָע (H6763) 'side, rib, flank'; here of the tabernacle's north wall, paralleling the south side of v.23.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive (construct צֶלַע)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908); the structure whose second wall is now described.
הַשֵּׁנִ֖יתthe secondart + ordinal f sg abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Attributive adjective modifying צֶלַעשֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second', from שָׁנָה 'to repeat'; marks this as the second of the tabernacle's four sides to be built.
לִפְאַ֣תfor the side ofprep לְ + N f sg constr · פֵּאָה (H6285)Prepositional phrase (location, in apposition)פֵּאָה (H6285) 'side, edge'; restates the direction more specifically.
צָפ֑וֹןnorthN f sg abs · צָפוֹן (H6828)Genitive (construct פְּאַת)צָפוֹן (H6828) 'north'; identifies the tabernacle's second wall as facing north, opposite the south wall of v.23.
עָשָׂ֖הhe madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive actעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:20's command for the north wall.
עֶשְׂרִ֥יםtwentyNum com pl abs · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Numeral (apposition, object)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'; the north wall matches the south wall's frame-count exactly.
קְרָשִֽׁיםframesN m pl abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Direct objectקֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the north wall's boards, symmetrical with the south.
26
וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם כָּ֑סֶף שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת הַקֶּ֣רֶשׁ הָאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד
And their forty sockets were silver: two sockets under the first frame, and two sockets under the next frame.
Mirrors v.24's distributive socket-count for the north wall verbatim, confirming the two walls' exact symmetry as Exod 26:21 prescribed.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְאַרְבָּעִ֥יםand fortyconj וְ + Num com pl abs · אַרְבָּעִים (H705)Numeral (apposition, subject)אַרְבָּעִים (H705) 'forty'; the north wall's socket-count, mirroring the south wall of v.24.
אַדְנֵיהֶ֖םtheir socketsN m pl constr + 3mp suff · אֶדֶן (H134)Subject (construct, with pronominal suffix)אֶדֶן (H134) 'socket'; suffixed 'their [the frames'] sockets'.
כָּ֑סֶףsilverN m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Genitive (material, apposition)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'; matches the south wall's sockets exactly.
שְׁנֵ֣יtwoNum m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, distributive detail)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); begins the per-frame breakdown, as in v.24.
אֲדָנִ֗יםsocketsN m pl abs · אֶדֶן (H134)Noun in apposition to numeralאֶדֶן (H134); the first north-wall frame's pair.
תַּ֚חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Prepositional phrase (location)תַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַקֶּ֣רֶשׁthe frameart + N m sg abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Object of prepositionקֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the first north-wall frame.
הָאֶחָ֔דthe oneart + Num m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (numeral, 'one … another')אֶחָד (H259); 'one [frame]', as in v.24.
וּשְׁנֵ֣יand twoconj וְ + Num m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Coordinate numeral (construct)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); the second north-wall frame's pair.
אֲדָנִ֔יםsocketsN m pl abs · אֶדֶן (H134)Noun in apposition to numeralאֶדֶן (H134); repeated.
תַּ֖חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Prepositional phrase (location)תַּחַת (H8478).
הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁthe frameart + N m sg abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Object of prepositionקֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the second north-wall frame.
הָאֶחָֽדthe otherart + Num m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (numeral, 'another')אֶחָד (H259); 'the other [frame]', completing the pattern of v.24, per Exod 26:21.
27
וּֽלְיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן יָ֑מָּה עָשָׂ֖ה שִׁשָּׁ֥ה קְרָשִֽׁים
And for the rear of the tabernacle, westward, he made six frames.
Turns to the tabernacle's third wall, the western rear, whose shorter six-frame span (vs. twenty on the long sides) reflects the structure's rectangular floor plan, per Exod 26:22.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וּֽלְיַרְכְּתֵ֥יand for the rear ofconj וְ + prep לְ + N f dual constr · יַרְכָּה (H3411)Prepositional phrase (location, fronted topic)יַרְכָּה (H3411) 'rear, back part, hindmost part'; dual/pl construct here of the tabernacle's far (west) end, the third wall built.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive (construct יַרְכְּתֵי)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908); whose rear wall now receives its frames.
יָ֑מָּהwestwardN m sg abs + directional ה · יָם (H3220)Adverbial accusative (directional, in apposition)יָם (H3220) 'sea'; idiomatically 'west' since the Mediterranean lay west of Israel — the directional ה- suffix marks 'toward the west/sea'.
עָשָׂ֖הhe madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive actעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:22's command for the rear wall.
שִׁשָּׁ֥הsixNum m sg abs · שִׁשָּׁה (H8337)Numeral (apposition, object)שִׁשָּׁה (H8337) 'six'; fewer than the twenty of the longer side walls, since the rear wall is narrower.
קְרָשִֽׁיםframesN m pl abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Direct objectקֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the rear wall's boards, supplemented by two more corner frames in v.28.
28
וּשְׁנֵ֤י קְרָשִׁים֙ עָשָׂ֔ה לִמְקֻצְעֹ֖ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן בַּיַּרְכָתָֽיִם
And two frames he made for the corners of the tabernacle at the rear.
Adds the two special corner-frames to the six of v.27, reinforcing the rear wall's vulnerable outer edges exactly as Exod 26:23 required; v.29 will explain their distinctive doubled construction.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וּשְׁנֵ֤יand twoconj וְ + Num m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, fronted object)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; the additional corner-frames beyond the six of v.27.
קְרָשִׁים֙framesN m pl abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Noun in apposition to numeral (fronted direct object)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); specialized corner-frames reinforcing the rear wall's two ends.
עָשָׂ֔הhe madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive actעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:23's command for the corner frames.
לִמְקֻצְעֹ֖תfor the corners ofprep לְ + Pual ptc f pl constr · קָצַע (H4742)Prepositional phrase (location, construct)קָצַע (H4742) Pual ptc (substantivized) 'corner, angle'; lit. 'the cut/squared-off [places]' — the tabernacle's two rear corners needing special reinforcement.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive (construct מְקֻצְעֹת)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908); whose two rear corners are reinforced.
בַּיַּרְכָתָֽיִםat the rearprep בְּ + art + N f dual abs · יַרְכָה (H3411)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)יַרְכָה (H3411); dual form 'the two rear parts/ends', specifying where the corner frames stand — the two back corners of the rear wall.
29
וְהָי֣וּ תוֹאֲמִם֮ מִלְּמַטָּה֒ וְיַחְדָּ֗ו יִהְי֤וּ תַמִּים֙ אֶל רֹאשׁ֔וֹ אֶל הַטַּבַּ֖עַת הָאֶחָ֑ת כֵּ֚ן עָשָׂ֣ה לִשְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם לִשְׁנֵ֖י הַמִּקְצֹעֹֽת
They were doubled from below, and at the top they were joined as one, at the first ring; so he did for both of them, at the two corners.
A parenthetical technical explanation of how the two corner-frames of v.28 were fitted — doubled from the base and unified at the top ring — matching Exod 26:24's own description almost verbatim; the shift to yiqtol יִהְיוּ marks descriptive durativity rather than narrative sequence.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְהָי֣וּand they wereconj וְ + Qal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (verbless-type descriptive clause)→ Perfective/stative: a resultant descriptive state, not narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; here stative, describing the corner frames' fixed construction rather than advancing the narrative.
תוֹאֲמִם֮paired/twinnedN m pl abs · תְּאוֹם (H8382)Predicate adjective/nounתְּאוֹם (H8382) 'twin'; here predicatively of the corner frames — 'doubled' or matched as a pair, joined for extra strength at the corner.
מִלְּמַטָּה֒from belowprep מִן + prep לְ + adv · מַטָּה (H4295)Adverbial prepositional phrase (locative)מַטָּה (H4295) 'below, downward'; the corner frames are joined/doubled starting at the base.
וְיַחְדָּ֗וand togetherconj וְ + adv · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Adverb (manner)יַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together, jointly'; emphasizes the corner frames' unified construction top to bottom.
יִהְי֤וּthey shall be/wereQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (descriptive, gnomic/durative)→ Yiqtol: durative — a standing, ongoing characteristic of the finished cornerהָיָה (H1961); the yiqtol here (unusual amid the perfect/wayyiqtol narrative) marks a durative, characterizing description matching Exod 26:24's own יִהְיוּ.
תַמִּים֙complete/wholeadj m pl abs · תָּמִים (H8382)Predicate adjectiveתָּמִים (H8382) 'complete, whole, sound'; related to תְּאוֹם by consonance — the two corner boards form one complete, unified unit at the top.
אֶלatprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (location)אֶל (H413) 'to, at'; locates the point of the frames' union.
רֹאשׁ֔וֹits topN m sg constr + 3ms suff · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Object of prepositionרֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head, top'; the corner frame's summit, where it joins into unity.
אֶלand atprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (location, coordinate)אֶל (H413); introduces the further specification by the first ring.
הַטַּבַּ֖עַתthe ringart + N f sg abs · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Object of prepositionטַבַּעַת (H2885) 'ring', from טָבַע 'to sink, be sunk in'; a metal ring securing the corner frames' union at the top, distinct from the bar-rings of v.34.
הָאֶחָ֑תthe first/singleart + Num f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (numeral)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; 'the first ring', marking the topmost point of union.
כֵּ֚ןthusadv · כֵּן (H3651)Adverb (manner, resumptive)כֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; resumes and confirms the preceding description as executed.
עָשָׂ֣הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act, summarizing the corner constructionעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:24's corner-frame specification.
לִשְׁנֵיהֶ֔םfor both of themprep לְ + Num m dual constr + 3mp suff · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Prepositional phrase (scope)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); 'for the two of them', referring to the pair of corner frames just described.
לִשְׁנֵ֖יfor the twoprep לְ + Num m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Prepositional phrase (scope, in apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); restates the scope, 'for the two [corners]'.
הַמִּקְצֹעֹֽתthe cornersart + N m pl abs · מִקְצֹעַ (H4740)Object of prepositionמִקְצֹעַ (H4740) 'corner, angle', from קָצַע 'to cut off'; the two rear corners of the tabernacle where the doubled frames stand.
30
וְהָיוּ֙ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה קְרָשִׁ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אֲדָנִ֑ים שְׁנֵ֤י אֲדָנִים֙ שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָאֶחָֽד
So there were eight frames, with their sixteen silver sockets, two sockets under each frame.
Closes movement D with the rear wall's total tally (eight frames, sixteen sockets), matching Exod 26:25 and completing the tabernacle's three-sided frame-skeleton before movement E's bracing bars begin in v.31.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְהָיוּ֙and there wereconj וְ + Qal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (summary clause)→ Perfective: a summarizing, resultative statement — total countהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; summarizes the rear wall's total frame-count (six of v.27 plus two corner-frames of v.28).
שְׁמֹנָ֣הeightNum m sg abs · שְׁמֹנָה (H8083)Numeral (predicate)שְׁמֹנָה (H8083) 'eight'; the rear wall's total (6+2), matching Exod 26:25.
קְרָשִׁ֔יםframesN m pl abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Subjectקֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the rear wall's complete board-count.
וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֣םand their socketsconj וְ + N m pl constr + 3mp suff · אֶדֶן (H134)Coordinate subject (construct, with pronominal suffix)אֶדֶן (H134) 'socket'; suffixed, 'their sockets', matching the eight frames.
כֶּ֔סֶףsilverN m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Predicate noun (material)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'; the rear wall's sockets match the side walls' material exactly.
שִׁשָּׁ֥הsixNum m sg abs · שִׁשָּׁה (H8337)Numeral (component of compound number)שִׁשָּׁה (H8337) 'six'; first component of 'sixteen' (שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר).
עָשָׂ֖ר-teenNum m sg abs · עָשָׂר (H6240)Numeral (component of compound number)עָשָׂר (H6240) '-teen'; combines with שִׁשָּׁה for 'sixteen' — eight frames × two sockets each.
אֲדָנִ֑יםsocketsN m pl abs · אֶדֶן (H134)Noun in apposition to numeralאֶדֶן (H134); the total socket-count for the rear wall.
שְׁנֵ֤יtwoNum m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, distributive detail)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); begins the per-frame distributive restatement.
אֲדָנִים֙socketsN m pl abs · אֶדֶן (H134)Noun in apposition to numeralאֶדֶן (H134); repeated for the distributive pattern.
שְׁנֵ֣יtwoNum m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral (construct, distributive detail, repeated)שְׁנַיִם (H8147); the doubled repetition (שְׁנֵי אֲדָנִים שְׁנֵי אֲדָנִים) emphasizes the uniform 'two sockets per frame' rule applied to every one of the eight rear-wall frames.
אֲדָנִ֔יםsocketsN m pl abs · אֶדֶן (H134)Noun in apposition to numeralאֶדֶן (H134); completes the repeated distributive phrase.
תַּ֖חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Prepositional phrase (location)תַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁthe frameart + N m sg abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Object of prepositionקֶרֶשׁ (H7175); each rear-wall frame, including the doubled corners.
הָאֶחָֽדthe single oneart + Num m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (numeral, distributive 'each')אֶחָד (H259); distributive, 'each single frame', closing movement D's socket-count exactly per Exod 26:25.
31
וַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּרִיחֵ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים חֲמִשָּׁ֕ה לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הָאֶחָֽת
He made bars of acacia wood, five for the frames of the one side of the tabernacle.
Opens movement E, the bracing bars that lock the standing frames of movement D into a single rigid wall, following Exod 26:26's command for the first (south) side.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיַּ֥עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — opens movement E, the bracing barsעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:26's command for the bars.
בְּרִיחֵ֖יbars ofN m pl constr · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Direct object (construct)בְּרִיחַ (H1280) 'bar, bolt', from בָּרַח 'to flee, pass through'; horizontal braces threaded through rings on the frames to lock the wall into one rigid unit.
עֲצֵ֣יwood ofN m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Genitive (construct, material)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'; construct with שִׁטִּים naming the bars' material.
שִׁטִּ֑יםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive (material, of construct עֲצֵי)שִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia'; the same sturdy wood as the frames themselves (v.20).
חֲמִשָּׁ֕הfiveNum m sg abs · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Numeral (apposition, object)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'; the bar-count per side, matching Exod 26:26.
לְקַרְשֵׁ֥יfor the frames ofprep לְ + N m pl constr · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Prepositional phrase (purpose)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the bars brace these standing boards.
צֶֽלַעthe side ofN c sg constr · צֵלָע (H6763)Genitive (construct קַרְשֵׁי)צֵלָע (H6763) 'side, flank'; here of the tabernacle's first (south) wall.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive (construct צֶלַע)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908); whose south wall receives its five bars.
הָאֶחָֽתthe first/oneart + Num f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective (numeral)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; identifies this as the first of the tabernacle's sides to receive its bars.
32
וַחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בְרִיחִ֔ם לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית וַחֲמִשָּׁ֤ה בְרִיחִם֙ לְקַרְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן לַיַּרְכָתַ֖יִם יָֽמָּה
And five bars for the frames of the second side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the frames of the tabernacle at the rear, westward.
Completes the bar-count for all three walls (south v.31, north and rear here), matching Exod 26:27's parallel specification; the central bar unique to all three walls together follows in v.33.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַחֲמִשָּׁ֣הand fiveconj וְ + Num m sg abs · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Coordinate numeral (apposition, object)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'; the north wall's bar-count, matching the south wall of v.31.
בְרִיחִ֔םbarsN m pl abs · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Noun in apposition to numeral (coordinate object)בְּרִיחַ (H1280); the north wall's bracing bars.
לְקַרְשֵׁ֥יfor the frames ofprep לְ + N m pl constr · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Prepositional phrase (purpose)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the north wall's frames now braced.
צֶֽלַעthe side ofN c sg constr · צֵלָע (H6763)Genitive (construct קַרְשֵׁי)צֵלָע (H6763) 'side'; here of the second (north) wall.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive (construct צֶלַע)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908); whose north wall receives its bars.
הַשֵּׁנִ֑יתthe secondart + ordinal f sg abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Attributive adjective modifying צֶלַעשֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; the north wall, as in v.25.
וַחֲמִשָּׁ֤הand fiveconj וְ + Num m sg abs · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Coordinate numeral (apposition, object)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'; the rear wall's bar-count.
בְרִיחִם֙barsN m pl abs · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Noun in apposition to numeral (coordinate object)בְּרִיחַ (H1280); the rear wall's bracing bars.
לְקַרְשֵׁ֣יfor the frames ofprep לְ + N m pl constr · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Prepositional phrase (purpose)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the rear wall's eight frames of v.30, now braced.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ןof the tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive (construct קַרְשֵׁי)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908); whose rear wall receives its bars.
לַיַּרְכָתַ֖יִםat the rearprep לְ + art + N f dual abs · יַרְכָה (H3411)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)יַרְכָה (H3411) 'rear part'; dual, the two-sided rear wall, as in vv.27-28.
יָֽמָּהwestwardN m sg abs + directional ה · יָם (H3220)Adverbial accusative (directional, in apposition)יָם (H3220) 'sea, west'; reinforces the rear wall's western orientation, as in v.27.
33
וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת הַבְּרִ֣יחַ הַתִּיכֹ֑ן לִבְרֹ֨חַ֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַקְּרָשִׁ֔ים מִן הַקָּצֶ֖ה אֶל הַקָּצֶֽה
He made the middle bar to pass through the midst of the frames, from end to end.
Highlights the single central bar that, unlike the five per-side bars of vv.31-32, runs the entire length of the frame-wall, structurally unifying south, north, and rear into one continuous skeleton, exactly as Exod 26:28 envisioned.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיַּ֖עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:28's command for the special central bar.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking הַבְּרִיחַ as the definite object.
הַבְּרִ֣יחַthe barart + N m sg abs · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Direct objectבְּרִיחַ (H1280) 'bar, bolt'; here the singular central bar, distinct from the five per side of vv.31-32.
הַתִּיכֹ֑ןthe middleart + adj m sg abs · תִּיכוֹן (H8484)Attributive adjective modifying הַבְּרִיחַתִּיכוֹן (H8484) 'middle, central', from תָּוֶךְ 'midst'; the bar running along the frames' vertical center, uniquely spanning end to end.
לִבְרֹ֨חַ֙to pass throughprep לְ + Qal inf constr · בָּרַח (H1272)Purpose infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: expresses the central bar's functionבָּרַח (H1272) 'to flee, pass/slip through' — the same root underlying בְּרִיחַ 'bar'; here describing the bar's action of running through the frames' midst.
בְּת֣וֹךְthrough the midst ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Prepositional phrase (location)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst, middle'; locates the central bar's path through the frames' interior, unlike the outer bars nearer top and bottom.
הַקְּרָשִׁ֔יםthe framesart + N m pl abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Genitive (construct תּוֹךְ)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the standing boards through whose midst the bar runs.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Preposition (spatial extent)מִן (H4480) 'from'; marks the starting point of the bar's full span.
הַקָּצֶ֖הthe endart + N c sg abs · קָצֶה (H7097)Object of prepositionקָצֶה (H7097) 'end, extremity', from קָצָה 'to cut off'; one extremity of the wall.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Preposition (spatial extent)אֶל (H413) 'to'; marks the terminus of the bar's span.
הַקָּצֶֽהthe endart + N c sg abs · קָצֶה (H7097)Object of prepositionקָצֶה (H7097); the opposite extremity — the middle bar runs the wall's full length, uniting it end to end.
34
וְֽאֶת הַקְּרָשִׁ֞ים צִפָּ֣ה זָהָ֗ב וְאֶת טַבְּעֹתָם֙ עָשָׂ֣ה זָהָ֔ב בָּתִּ֖ים לַבְּרִיחִ֑ם וַיְצַ֥ף אֶת הַבְּרִיחִ֖ם זָהָֽב
And the frames he overlaid with gold, and their rings he made of gold as holders for the bars; and he overlaid the bars with gold.
Closes movement E: every element of the wooden skeleton — frames, rings, bars — receives a uniform gold overlay, matching the gold-plated furnishings nearest the LORD's presence, per Exod 26:29-30, before the veil section of movement F begins in v.35.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְֽאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted object)אֵת (H853) marks הַקְּרָשִׁים as object, fronted before its verb for emphasis.
הַקְּרָשִׁ֞יםthe framesart + N m pl abs · קֶרֶשׁ (H7175)Direct object (fronted)קֶרֶשׁ (H7175); the standing boards now receive their gold overlay, completing movement D/E's structural elements.
צִפָּ֣הhe overlaidPiel perf 3ms · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive actצָפָה (H6823) Piel 'to overlay, plate'; applying a gold veneer over the acacia wood, as done for the ark, table, and altar of incense.
זָהָ֗בwith goldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the frames' gold overlay marks their proximity to the sanctuary's interior holiness.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted object)אֵת (H853) marks טַבְּעֹתָם as the fronted object.
טַבְּעֹתָם֙their ringsN f pl constr + 3mp suff · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Direct object (fronted, construct with suffix)טַבַּעַת (H2885) 'ring', from טָבַע 'to sink in'; here gold rings affixed to the frames to receive the bars, distinct from the corner-frame's union-ring of v.29.
עָשָׂ֣הhe madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive actעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:29's command for the gold rings.
זָהָ֔בof goldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the rings' material, matching the frames' overlay.
בָּתִּ֖יםholdersN m pl abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Predicate noun (apposition, function)בַּיִת (H1004) lit. 'house(s)'; here metaphorical, 'housings/holders' — the rings serve as receptacles through which the bars are threaded.
לַבְּרִיחִ֑םfor the barsprep לְ + art + N m pl abs · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Prepositional phrase (purpose)בְּרִיחַ (H1280); the rings' function, holding the horizontal bracing bars in place against the frames.
וַיְצַ֥ףand he overlaidconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, closing movement Eצָפָה (H6823) Piel 'to overlay'; extends the gold plating from the frames and rings to the bars themselves.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking הַבְּרִיחִם as the definite object.
הַבְּרִיחִ֖םthe barsart + N m pl abs · בְּרִיחַ (H1280)Direct objectבְּרִיחַ (H1280); the bracing bars of vv.31-33, now fully gilded like the frames and rings.
זָהָֽבwith goldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; completes movement E — frames, rings, and bars alike entirely gold-plated.
35
וַיַּ֨עַשׂ֙ אֶת הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֹשֵׁ֛ב עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָ֖הּ כְּרֻבִֽים
He made the veil of blue, purple, scarlet yarn, and fine twisted linen; he made it the work of a skilled designer, with cherubim.
Opens movement F with the veil, the tabernacle's most sacred fabric object after the innermost curtains, woven with cherubim in the highest grade of craftsmanship (מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב), exactly as Exod 26:31 specified — its construction parallels vv.8-9's cherubim curtains almost verbatim.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיַּ֨עַשׂ֙And he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — opens movement F, the most sacred fabric itemעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:31's command for the veil.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853) marking הַפָּרֹכֶת as the definite object.
הַפָּרֹ֔כֶתthe veilart + N f sg abs · פָּרֹכֶת (H6532)Direct objectפָּרֹכֶת (H6532) 'veil, curtain'; perhaps from a root meaning 'to separate'; the innermost, most sacred hanging, dividing the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies.
תְּכֵ֧לֶתblueN f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Adverbial accusative (material, apposition)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504) 'blue-purple' dye, likely from the murex snail; the same royal-priestly dye used throughout the tabernacle's most sacred textiles.
וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ןand purpleconj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Coordinate adverbial accusative (material)אַרְגָּמָן (H713) 'red-purple' dye, also murex-derived; paired with תְּכֵלֶת as royal coloring.
וְתוֹלַ֥עַתand scarlet ofconj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Coordinate noun (construct, material)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438) 'worm, crimson'; construct with שָׁנִי naming the dye-source insect.
שָׁנִ֖יscarletN m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive (construct תּוֹלַעַת)שָׁנִי (H8144) 'scarlet, crimson'; together תּוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי, dye from the kermes/cochineal insect.
וְשֵׁ֣שׁand fine linenconj וְ + N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Coordinate adverbial accusative (material)שֵׁשׁ (H8336) 'fine (Egyptian) linen'; the fourth material, matching the tabernacle's innermost curtains of v.8.
מָשְׁזָ֑רtwistedHophal ptc m sg abs · שָׁזַר (H7806)Attributive participle modifying שֵׁשׁ→ Passive participle: a resultant twisted/spun stateשָׁזַר (H7806) Hophal 'twisted, twined'; describes the fine linen thread as tightly spun of multiple strands, as in v.8.
מַעֲשֵׂ֥הthe work ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Adverbial accusative (manner, construct)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'work, workmanship', from עָשָׂה; construct with חֹשֵׁב naming the technique.
חֹשֵׁ֛בof a skilled designerQal ptc m sg abs · חָשַׁב (H2803)Genitive (construct מַעֲשֵׂה, substantivized participle)→ Participle: substantivized, naming a professional craftחָשַׁב (H2803) 'to think, devise, plan'; substantivized ptc 'designer/craftsman'; מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב denotes the highest grade of weaving — cherubim woven directly into the fabric's design, reserved for the veil and the innermost curtains (v.8), contrasted with the lesser 'embroiderer's work' of v.37.
עָשָׂ֥הhe madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive actעָשָׂה (H6213); resumes and closes the veil's construction after the material/technique description.
אֹתָ֖הּitobj marker + 3fs suff · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (resumptive pronoun)אֵת (H853) suffixed, resuming הַפָּרֹכֶת as the object of the resumed verb עָשָׂה.
כְּרֻבִֽיםwith cherubimN m pl abs · כְּרוּב (H3742)Adverbial accusative (manner/content, apposition)כְּרוּב (H3742) 'cherub'; the veil, like the innermost curtains of v.8, is woven with cherubim figures — the highest grade of tabernacle textile art, marking the boundary of God's most intense presence.
36
וַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָ֗הּ אַרְבָּעָה֙ עַמּוּדֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים וַיְצַפֵּ֣ם זָהָ֔ב וָוֵיהֶ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וַיִּצֹ֣ק לָהֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה אַדְנֵי כָֽסֶף
He made for it four pillars of acacia and overlaid them with gold, with hooks of gold; and he cast for them four silver sockets.
Details the veil's supporting apparatus — gold-plated acacia pillars with gold hooks on silver sockets — matching the frame-wall's own gold-and-silver grading (vv.20-34) and establishing the standard against which the outer screen's lesser bronze sockets (v.38) will be measured.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיַּ֣עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:32's command for the veil's supporting pillars.
לָ֗הּfor itprep לְ + 3fs suff · לְPrepositional phrase (indirect object)לְ + 3fs suffix, referring back to הַפָּרֹכֶת ('for it,' the veil).
אַרְבָּעָה֙fourNum m sg abs · אַרְבָּעָה (H702)Numeral (apposition, object)אַרְבָּעָה (H702) 'four'; the pillar-count supporting the veil, matching Exod 26:32.
עַמּוּדֵ֣יpillars ofN m pl constr · עַמּוּד (H5982)Direct object (construct)עַמּוּד (H5982) 'pillar, column', from עָמַד 'to stand'; the uprights from which the veil hangs.
שִׁטִּ֔יםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive (material, of construct עַמּוּדֵי)שִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia'; the same durable wood as the frames and bars.
וַיְצַפֵּ֣םand he overlaid themconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + 3mp suff · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָפָה (H6823) Piel 'to overlay'; suffixed 'overlaid them [the pillars]' with gold.
זָהָ֔בwith goldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the veil-pillars share the frames' gold-plating, marking their proximity to the Holy of Holies.
וָוֵיהֶ֖םtheir hooksN m pl constr + 3mp suff · וָו (H2053)Subject (construct, with pronominal suffix)וָו (H2053) 'hook, peg'; small gold fittings on the pillars from which the veil is hung.
זָהָ֑בof goldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Predicate noun (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the hooks match the pillars' gold overlay.
וַיִּצֹ֣קand he castconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצַק (H3332)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצַק (H3332) 'to pour, cast (metal)'; describes the sockets' manufacture by molten casting, unlike the hammered gold overlay.
לָהֶ֔םfor themprep לְ + 3mp suff · לְPrepositional phrase (indirect object)לְ + 3mp suffix, 'for them [the pillars]'.
אַרְבָּעָ֖הfourNum m sg abs · אַרְבָּעָה (H702)Numeral (apposition, object)אַרְבָּעָה (H702) 'four'; the socket-count, one per pillar, matching Exod 26:32.
אַדְנֵיsockets ofN m pl constr · אֶדֶן (H134)Direct object (construct)אֶדֶן (H134) 'socket, base'; anchoring the veil-pillars to the ground.
כָֽסֶףsilverN m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Genitive (material, of construct אַדְנֵי)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'; the veil-pillars stand on silver, like the tabernacle's wall-frames — a graded holiness that will contrast with the bronze sockets of the outer screen's pillars in v.38.
37
וַיַּ֤עַשׂ מָסָךְ֙ לְפֶ֣תַח הָאֹ֔הֶל תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֹקֵֽם
He made a screen for the entrance of the tent, of blue, purple, scarlet yarn, and fine twisted linen, the work of an embroiderer.
Turns from the interior veil to the tent's outer entrance screen: the same four materials recur, but the craftsmanship drops from the veil's woven-in cherubim design to mere embroidery, marking a graded scale of holiness that Exod 26:36 itself established.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיַּ֤עַשׂAnd he madeQal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause), wayyiqtol→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213); executes Exod 26:36's command for the tent's entrance screen.
מָסָךְ֙a screenN m sg abs · מָסָךְ (H4539)Direct objectמָסָךְ (H4539) 'screen, covering', from סָכַךְ 'to cover, screen'; a hanging for the tent's entrance, of lesser sanctity than the interior veil (v.35).
לְפֶ֣תַחfor the entrance ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · פֶּתַח (H6607)Prepositional phrase (purpose)פֶּתַח (H6607) 'opening, entrance', from פָּתַח 'to open'; the tabernacle tent's doorway.
הָאֹ֔הֶלthe tentart + N m sg abs · אֹהֶל (H168)Genitive (construct פֶּתַח)אֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; here the tabernacle structure as a whole, whose outer entrance the screen covers.
תְּכֵ֧לֶתblueN f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Adverbial accusative (material, apposition)תְּכֵלֶת (H8504) 'blue-purple' dye; the same royal palette as the veil, though woven at a lesser grade (see מַעֲשֵׂה רֹקֵם below).
וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ןand purpleconj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Coordinate adverbial accusative (material)אַרְגָּמָן (H713) 'red-purple' dye.
וְתוֹלַ֥עַתand scarlet ofconj וְ + N f sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Coordinate noun (construct, material)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438) 'worm, crimson'; construct with שָׁנִי.
שָׁנִ֖יscarletN m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive (construct תּוֹלַעַת)שָׁנִי (H8144) 'scarlet'; together, the same three-color palette as the veil and inner curtains.
וְשֵׁ֣שׁand fine linenconj וְ + N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Coordinate adverbial accusative (material)שֵׁשׁ (H8336) 'fine linen'; the fourth material, as in v.35.
מָשְׁזָ֑רtwistedHophal ptc m sg abs · שָׁזַר (H7806)Attributive participle modifying שֵׁשׁ→ Passive participle: a resultant twisted/spun stateשָׁזַר (H7806) Hophal 'twisted, twined'; matches the veil's fine-linen thread.
מַעֲשֵׂ֖הthe work ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Adverbial accusative (manner, construct)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'work, workmanship'; construct with רֹקֵם naming the (lesser) technique.
רֹקֵֽםof an embroidererQal ptc m sg abs · רָקַם (H7551)Genitive (construct מַעֲשֵׂה, substantivized participle)→ Participle: substantivized, naming a professional craftרָקַם (H7551) 'to embroider, variegate'; substantivized ptc 'embroiderer'. מַעֲשֵׂה רֹקֵם is needlework applied to finished cloth (no cherubim), a lower grade of sacred craftsmanship than the veil's woven-in מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב (v.35), fitting the screen's more exterior, less holy position.
38
וְאֶת עַמּוּדָ֤יו חֲמִשָּׁה֙ וְאֶת וָ֣וֵיהֶ֔ם וְצִפָּ֧ה רָאשֵׁיהֶ֛ם וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה נְחֹֽשֶׁת
And its five pillars, and their hooks; he overlaid their tops and their bands with gold, but their five sockets were bronze.
Closes the chapter and movement F: the screen's pillars are only partially gilded (tops and bands) and stand on bronze sockets, not silver — the Torah's clearest structural symbol of graded holiness, decreasing from gold at the ark to bronze at the tabernacle's outermost threshold, exactly as Exod 26:37 specified.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted object)אֵת (H853) marks עַמּוּדָיו as object, continuing v.37's screen description.
עַמּוּדָ֤יוits pillarsN m pl constr + 3ms suff · עַמּוּד (H5982)Direct object (fronted, construct with suffix)עַמּוּד (H5982) 'pillar'; suffixed 'its [the screen's] pillars', supporting the entrance-hanging of v.37.
חֲמִשָּׁה֙fiveNum m sg abs · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Numeral (predicate, apposition)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'; one more than the veil's four pillars (v.36), matching Exod 26:37.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted object)אֵת (H853) marks וָוֵיהֶם as the fronted object.
וָ֣וֵיהֶ֔םtheir hooksN m pl constr + 3mp suff · וָו (H2053)Direct object (fronted, construct with suffix)וָו (H2053) 'hook'; suffixed, the screen-pillars' hooks, as with the veil's pillars in v.36.
וְצִפָּ֧הand he overlaidconj וְ + Piel perf 3ms · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive actצָפָה (H6823) Piel 'to overlay'; gold-plating applied to the pillars' upper fittings.
רָאשֵׁיהֶ֛םtheir topsN m pl constr + 3mp suff · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Direct object (construct, with pronominal suffix)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head, top'; the pillars' capitals, gold-plated though the pillar shafts and sockets are not.
וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶ֖םand their bandsconj וְ + N m pl constr + 3mp suff · חָשׁוּק (H2838)Coordinate direct object (construct, with pronominal suffix)חָשׁוּק (H2838) 'band, fillet', from חָשַׁק 'to bind, encircle'; decorative connecting rings/bands around the pillars, also gilded.
זָהָ֑בwith goldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; only the screen-pillars' tops and bands are gilded — the shafts themselves, unlike the veil's fully-plated pillars (v.36), are left plain, a subtler mark of the screen's lower grade.
וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥םand their socketsconj וְ + N m pl constr + 3mp suff · אֶדֶן (H134)Subject (construct, with pronominal suffix)אֶדֶן (H134) 'socket, base'; suffixed, the screen-pillars' sockets.
חֲמִשָּׁ֖הfiveNum m sg abs · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Numeral (predicate, apposition)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'; matching the five pillars.
נְחֹֽשֶׁתbronzeN f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Predicate noun (material)נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178) 'copper, bronze'; the screen-pillars stand on bronze, not silver like the veil's pillars (v.36) — the chapter's closing mark of graded holiness: gold and silver nearest the Holy of Holies, bronze at the tabernacle's outer threshold, exactly paralleling the courtyard's bronze fittings of Exod 27.