1
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מִזְבֵּ֖חַ מִקְטַ֣ר קְטֹ֑רֶת עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֖ים תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ
And you shall make an altar for burning incense; of acacia wood you shall make it.
Weqatal opens a new furnishing instruction, continuing the sequence begun in ch. 25; the incense altar is introduced last among the sancta, paralleling the altar of burnt offering (27:1-8).
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָand you shall makeweqatal 2ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, instructional weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequence (future obligation)עָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make, do'; the verb of tabernacle construction throughout chs. 25-30.
מִזְבֵּ֖חַan altarN m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Direct objectמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'altar', from זבח 'to slaughter/sacrifice'; here the incense altar, distinct from the bronze altar of burnt offering.
מִקְטַ֣רfor burning ofN m sg constr · מִקְטַר (H4729)Construct chain (genitival, function)מִקְטָר (H4729) 'place/act of burning incense', from קטר 'to burn, make smoke'; construct form specifying the altar's function.
קְטֹ֑רֶתincenseN f sg abs · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Genitive complement in construct chainקְטֹרֶת (H7004) 'incense, smoke offering', from the same root קטר; the specific aromatic offering burned on this altar.
עֲצֵ֥יwood ofN m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (material)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'; construct plural specifying the material.
שִׁטִּ֖יםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive of materialשִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia (tree)'; durable desert wood used throughout the tabernacle furnishings.
תַּעֲשֶׂ֥הyou shall makeyiqtol 2ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (resumptive, main clause)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — resumed instructional forceעָשָׂה (H6213), repeated for emphasis after the material is specified.
אֹתֽוֹitobj marker + 3ms sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + suffix (resumes altar)
2
אַמָּ֨ה אָרְכּ֜וֹ וְאַמָּ֤ה רָחְבּוֹ֙ רָב֣וּעַ יִהְיֶ֔ה וְאַמָּתַ֖יִם קֹמָת֑וֹ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ קַרְנֹתָֽיו
A cubit its length, and a cubit its width — it shall be square — and two cubits its height; its horns shall be of one piece with it.
A measurement clause detailing dimensions, subordinate to the main construction command of v.1.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אַמָּ֨הa cubitN f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Subject (measurement clause)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit', standard unit of length (~45 cm), used throughout the tabernacle measurements.
אָרְכּ֜וֹits lengthN m sg constr/3ms sfx · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Predicate nominative (measurement)אֹרֶךְ (H753) 'length', from ארך 'to be long'.
וְאַמָּ֤הand a cubitconj וְ + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Coordinate subject (measurement clause)אַמָּה (H520), coordinated with the first measurement.
רָחְבּוֹ֙its widthN m sg constr/3ms sfx · רֹחַב (H7341)Predicate nominative (measurement)רֹחַב (H7341) 'width, breadth', from רחב 'to be wide'.
רָב֣וּעַsquareQal pass ptc ms · רָבַע (H7251)Predicate adjective (verbless clause completed by יִהְיֶה)→ Passive ptc: describing the altar's fixed, resultant shapeרָבַע (H7251) 'to be square, four-sided'; Qal passive participle describing the altar's square cross-section.
יִהְיֶ֔הit shall beyiqtol 3ms Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (copula, main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/future — stipulated design requirementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; here the copula completing the verbless predication רָבוּעַ.
וְאַמָּתַ֖יִםand two cubitsconj וְ + N f dual abs · אַמָּה (H520)Coordinate subject (measurement clause)אַמָּה (H520) dual form 'two cubits'.
קֹמָת֑וֹits heightN f sg constr/3ms sfx · קוֹמָה (H6967)Predicate nominative (measurement)קוֹמָה (H6967) 'height, stature', from קום 'to stand, rise'.
מִמֶּ֖נּוּof one piece with itprep מִן + 3ms sfx · מִן (H4480)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source/unity)מִן (H4480) 'from'; idiomatic here for 'of one piece with it' — the horns not separately attached.
קַרְנֹתָֽיוits hornsN c pl constr/3ms sfx · קֶרֶן (H7161)Subject (resumptive, verbless clause)קֶרֶן (H7161) 'horn'; the four corner projections, a recurring cultic feature (cf. the bronze altar, 27:2).
3
וְצִפִּיתָ֨ אֹת֜וֹ זָהָ֣ב טָה֗וֹר אֶת גַּגּ֧וֹ וְאֶת קִירֹתָ֛יו סָבִ֖יב וְאֶת קַרְנֹתָ֑יו וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ לּ֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב
You shall overlay it with pure gold, its top and its sides all around and its horns, and you shall make for it a gold molding all around.
Continues the weqatal chain detailing the altar's gold overlay and molding.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְצִפִּיתָ֨and you shall overlayweqatal 2ms Piel · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceצָפָה (H6823) Piel 'to overlay, plate'; used of gold/bronze plating on tabernacle furniture.
אֹת֜וֹitobj marker + 3ms sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + suffix
זָהָ֣בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold', the most precious metal; marking the altar's holiness among the gold-plated inner sancta.
טָה֗וֹרpureAdj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure, clean, unalloyed'; the ritual purity of the gold reflecting the altar's sanctity.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (second object)
גַּגּ֧וֹits topN m sg constr/3ms sfx · גָּג (H1406)Direct objectגָּג (H1406) 'roof, top'; the flat top surface of the altar.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
קִירֹתָ֛יוits wallsN m pl constr/3ms sfx · קִיר (H7023)Direct object (coordinate)קִיר (H7023) 'wall, side'; the four vertical faces of the altar.
סָבִ֖יבall aroundN c sg abs · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial accusative of extentסָבִיב (H5439) 'round about, surrounding'; frequent in tabernacle specs to denote encircling coverage.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
קַרְנֹתָ֑יוits hornsN c pl constr/3ms sfx · קֶרֶן (H7161)Direct object (third coordinate)קֶרֶן (H7161), see v.2.
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָand you shall makeweqatal 2ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (new clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לּ֛וֹfor itprep לְ + 3ms sfx · לְDative/benefactive prepositional phrasedative preposition + 3ms suffix, referring to the altar.
זֵ֥רa moldingN m sg abs · זֵר (H2213)Direct objectזֵר (H2213) 'molding, crown, rim'; a decorative gold border, also used for the ark and table (25:11,24).
זָהָ֖בof goldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive of materialזָהָב (H2091), see above.
סָבִֽיבall aroundN c sg abs · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial accusative of extentסָבִיב (H5439), see above.
4
וּשְׁתֵּי֩ טַבְּעֹ֨ת זָהָ֜ב תַּֽעֲשֶׂה לּ֣וֹ מִתַּ֣חַת לְזֵר֗וֹ עַ֚ל שְׁתֵּ֣י צַלְעֹתָ֔יו תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה עַל שְׁנֵ֣י צִדָּ֑יו וְהָיָה֙ לְבָתִּ֣ים לְבַדִּ֔ים לָשֵׂ֥את אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֵֽמָּה
And two gold rings you shall make for it under its molding, on its two sides you shall make them, on its two walls; and they shall be housings for poles, to carry it by.
Specifies the carrying apparatus (rings, poles), paralleling the ark and table instructions (25:12-15,26-28).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וּשְׁתֵּי֩and two ofconj וְ + numeral f dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Direct-object head (construct numeral)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two', dual numeral in construct.
טַבְּעֹ֨תringsN f pl constr · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Direct object (construct chain)טַבַּעַת (H2885) 'ring, signet'; here the carrying rings for the poles, echoing the ark's and table's rings.
זָהָ֜בof goldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive of materialזָהָב (H2091), see v.3.
תַּֽעֲשֶׂהyou shall makeyiqtol 2ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/future instructionעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לּ֣וֹfor itprep לְ + 3ms sfx · לְBenefactive prepositional phrase
מִתַּ֣חַתunderneathprep מִן + תַּחַת · תַּחַת (H8478)Locative prepositional phraseתַּחַת (H8478) 'under, beneath', compounded with מִן; spatial location of the rings.
לְזֵר֗וֹits moldingprep לְ + N m sg constr/3ms sfx · זֵר (H2213)Locative complementזֵר (H2213), see v.3.
עַ֚לonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
שְׁתֵּ֣יtwo ofnumeral f dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Genitive numeral (construct)שְׁנַיִם (H8147), see above.
צַלְעֹתָ֔יוits sidesN c pl constr/3ms sfx · צֵלָע (H6763)Genitive complementצֵלָע (H6763) 'side, rib, flank'; used of structural sides of tabernacle furniture.
תַּעֲשֶׂ֖הyou shall makeyiqtol 2ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (resumptive)→ Yiqtol: modal/future, resumptive emphasisעָשָׂה (H6213), repeated for emphasis.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921), see above.
שְׁנֵ֣יtwo ofnumeral m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Genitive numeral (construct)שְׁנַיִם (H8147), masc. form.
צִדָּ֑יוits sidesN m pl constr/3ms sfx · צַד (H6654)Genitive complementצַד (H6654) 'side, flank'; synonym pairing with צֵלָע for emphasis.
וְהָיָה֙and it shall beweqatal 3ms Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, consequential result)→ Weqatal: consequential result clauseהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
לְבָתִּ֣יםfor housingsprep לְ + N m pl abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Predicate complement (function)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house'; here metaphorically 'housing, holder' (sockets) for the poles.
לְבַדִּ֔יםfor polesprep לְ + N m pl abs · בַּד (H905)Genitive/purpose complementבַּד (H905) 'pole, shaft, staff'; the carrying poles inserted through the rings.
לָשֵׂ֥אתto carryinf constr Qal · נָשָׂא (H5375)Purpose infinitive→ Infinitive of purpose: expressing the poles' functionנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry, bear'.
אֹת֖וֹitobj marker + 3ms sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object of infinitive
בָּהֵֽמָּהwith themprep בְּ + 3mp pronoun · הֵם (H1992)Instrumental prepositional phraseהֵם (H1992) 'they, them' with prep בְּ; referring back to the poles (masc. plural), 'by means of them'.
5
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶת הַבַּדִּ֖ים עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב
And you shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold.
Completes the poles' construction, matching the wording used for the ark's and table's poles.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָand you shall makeweqatal 2ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַבַּדִּ֖יםthe polesart + N m pl abs · בַּד (H905)Direct objectבַּד (H905), see v.4.
עֲצֵ֣יwood ofN m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (material)עֵץ (H6086), see v.1.
שִׁטִּ֑יםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive of materialשִׁטָּה (H7848), see v.1.
וְצִפִּיתָ֥and you shall overlayweqatal 2ms Piel · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceצָפָה (H6823), see v.3.
אֹתָ֖םthemobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + suffix
זָהָֽבwith goldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091), see v.3.
6
וְנָתַתָּ֤ה אֹתוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל אֲרֹ֣ן הָעֵדֻ֑ת לִפְנֵ֣י הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶת אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל הָ֣עֵדֻ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֛ר אִוָּעֵ֥ד לְךָ֖ שָֽׁמָּה
And you shall put it in front of the veil that is over the ark of the testimony, in front of the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with you.
Specifies the altar's location in the Holy Place, before the veil shielding the ark and mercy seat — close to the divine presence though outside the veil.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְנָתַתָּ֤הand you shall putweqatal 2ms Qal · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put, set'.
אֹתוֹ֙itobj marker + 3ms sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לִפְנֵי · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; construct with לְ forms the common preposition 'before, in the presence of'.
הַפָּרֹ֔כֶתthe veilart + N f sg abs · פָּרֹכֶת (H6532)Object of prepositionפָּרֹכֶת (H6532) 'veil, curtain'; separates the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies.
אֲשֶׁ֖רwhichrelative pronoun · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronoun introducing subordinate clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834) relative particle 'who, which, that'.
עַלoverprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921), see above.
אֲרֹ֣ןthe ark ofN c sg constr · אָרוֹן (H727)Object of preposition (construct)אָרוֹן (H727) 'ark, chest'; the ark of the covenant/testimony.
הָעֵדֻ֑תthe testimonyart + N f sg abs · עֵדוּת (H5715)Genitive complementעֵדוּת (H5715) 'testimony, witness', from עוד/עיד; refers to the tablets of the covenant.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לִפְנֵי · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase (coordinate)see above.
הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶתthe mercy seatart + N f sg abs · כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727)Object of prepositionכַּפֹּרֶת (H3727) 'atonement cover, mercy seat', from כפר 'to atone/cover'; the golden lid of the ark, site of atonement.
אֲשֶׁר֙whichrelative pronoun · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounsee above.
עַלoverprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrasesee above.
הָ֣עֵדֻ֔תthe testimonyart + N f sg abs · עֵדוּת (H5715)Object of prepositionsee above.
אֲשֶׁ֛רwhererelative pronoun (locative) · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounsee above.
אִוָּעֵ֥דI will meetniphal yiqtol 1cs · יָעַד (H3259)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Niphal yiqtol: reciprocal/reflexive nuance — divine self-disclosure, 'I will meet by appointment'יָעַד (H3259) Niphal 'to meet by appointment, be met'; root of מוֹעֵד 'appointed place/time'.
לְךָ֖with youprep לְ + 2ms sfx · לְDative complement
שָֽׁמָּהthereadv (directional ה) · שָׁם (H8033)Locative adverbial (directional 'there')שָׁם (H8033) 'there', with directional ה suffix 'to there, thither'.
7
וְהִקְטִ֥יר עָלָ֛יו אַהֲרֹ֖ן קְטֹ֣רֶת סַמִּ֑ים בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֗קֶר בְּהֵיטִיב֛וֹ אֶת הַנֵּרֹ֖ת יַקְטִירֶֽנָּה
And Aaron shall burn fragrant incense on it; morning by morning, when he tends the lamps, he shall burn it.
Shifts from construction to cultic use: Aaron's daily incense duty tied to lamp-tending, establishing the morning rhythm of service.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְהִקְטִ֥ירand he shall burnweqatal 3ms Hiphil · קָטַר (H6999)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequence (Aaron's priestly duty)קָטַר (H6999) Hiphil 'to burn incense, make smoke'; the priestly act of offering incense.
עָלָ֛יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, referring to the altar.
אַהֲרֹ֖ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subjectאַהֲרֹן (H175), Moses' brother, first high priest.
קְטֹ֣רֶתincense ofN f sg constr · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Direct object (construct)קְטֹרֶת (H7004), see v.1.
סַמִּ֑יםspicesN m pl abs · סַם (H5561)Genitive complementסַם (H5561) 'spice, aromatic substance'; the fragrant ingredients detailed in vv.34-35.
בַּבֹּ֣קֶרin the morningprep + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Adverbial temporal phraseבֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'.
בַּבֹּ֗קֶרmorningprep + art + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Adverbial temporal phrase (distributive repetition)same lemma repeated; idiom = 'every morning, morning by morning'.
בְּהֵיטִיב֛וֹwhen he tendsinf constr Hiphil/3ms sfx · יָטַב (H3190)Temporal infinitive clause→ Infinitive of time: circumstantial — 'when he trims/dresses'יָטַב (H3190) Hiphil 'to make good, do well'; idiom for trimming/tending the lamps.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַנֵּרֹ֖תthe lampsart + N m pl abs · נֵר (H5216)Direct objectנֵר (H5216) 'lamp'; the lamps of the golden lampstand (menorah).
יַקְטִירֶֽנָּהhe shall burn ityiqtol 3ms Hiphil/3fs sfx · קָטַר (H6999)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive)→ Yiqtol: habitual/customary — the daily perpetual riteקָטַר (H6999), see above; the fem. suffix resumes קְטֹרֶת (incense).
8
וּבְהַעֲלֹ֨ת אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת הַנֵּרֹ֛ת בֵּ֥ין הָעֲרְבַּ֖יִם יַקְטִירֶ֑נָּה קְטֹ֧רֶת תָּמִ֛יד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם
And when Aaron sets up the lamps at twilight, he shall burn it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations.
Completes the twice-daily pattern (morning/evening), designating the incense as תָּמִיד 'continual' alongside the daily burnt offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וּבְהַעֲלֹ֨תand when he sets upconj + inf constr Hiphil · עָלָה (H5927)Temporal infinitive clause→ Infinitive of time: circumstantial, marking the evening riteעָלָה (H5927) Hiphil 'to cause to go up, kindle, set up (lamps)'.
אַהֲרֹ֧ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subject of infinitivesee v.7.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
הַנֵּרֹ֛תthe lampsart + N m pl abs · נֵר (H5216)Direct object of infinitivesee v.7.
בֵּ֥יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Temporal prepositional phraseבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
הָעֲרְבַּ֖יִםthe two eveningsart + N m dual abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of prepositionעֶרֶב (H6153) dual 'evening(s)'; idiom 'between the two evenings' = twilight/dusk.
יַקְטִירֶ֑נָּהhe shall burn ityiqtol 3ms Hiphil/3fs sfx · קָטַר (H6999)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: habitual/customary riteקָטַר (H6999), see v.7.
קְטֹ֧רֶתincense ofN f sg constr · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Adverbial accusative (defining the rite)קְטֹרֶת (H7004), see v.1.
תָּמִ֛ידcontinualN m sg abs · תָּמִיד (H8548)Adverbial accusative (temporal quality)תָּמִיד (H8548) 'continually, regularly'; marks the incense as a permanent fixture, paired with the daily (tamid) burnt offering (29:38-42).
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep לִפְנֵי · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrasesee v.6.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of prepositionיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of God (Tetragrammaton).
לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽםthroughout your generationsprep + N m pl constr/2mp sfx · דּוֹר (H1755)Adverbial temporal phraseדּוֹר (H1755) 'generation, age'; formulaic phrase marking perpetual ordinances.
9
לֹא תַעֲל֥וּ עָלָ֛יו קְטֹ֥רֶת זָרָ֖ה וְעֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֑ה וְנֵ֕סֶךְ לֹ֥א תִסְּכ֖וּ עָלָֽיו
You shall not offer strange incense on it, or burnt offering, or grain offering, and you shall not pour a drink offering on it.
A sharp prohibition restricting the altar's use exclusively to the prescribed incense — no other offerings; foreshadows the fatal violation by Nadab and Abihu (Lev 10).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
לֹאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle negating the verbלֹא (H3808) absolute negative particle.
תַעֲל֥וּyou shall offeryiqtol 2mp Hiphil · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (prohibition, main clause)→ Yiqtol of prohibition: negated modal — categorical prohibitionעָלָה (H5927) Hiphil 'to offer up, cause to ascend'; technical term for presenting an offering.
עָלָ֛יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrasesee v.7.
קְטֹ֥רֶתincenseN f sg abs · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Direct objectsee v.1.
זָרָ֖הstrangeAdj f sg abs · זָר (H2114)Attributive adjectiveזָר (H2114) 'strange, foreign, unauthorized'; cf. Nadab and Abihu's 'strange fire' (Lev 10:1) — any incense not this exact formula.
וְעֹלָ֣הor burnt offeringconj וְ + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Coordinate direct objectעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering', from עלה 'to go up'; forbidden here since this altar is reserved for incense only.
וּמִנְחָ֑הor grain offeringconj וְ + N f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Coordinate direct objectמִנְחָה (H4503) 'gift, grain/tribute offering'.
וְנֵ֕סֶךְand drink offeringconj וְ + N m sg abs · נֵסֶךְ (H5262)Coordinate direct object (second clause)נֵסֶךְ (H5262) 'libation, drink offering', from נסך 'to pour out'.
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particlesee above.
תִסְּכ֖וּyou shall pouryiqtol 2mp Qal · נָסַךְ (H5258)Predicate verb (prohibition)→ Yiqtol of prohibition: negated modal — categorical prohibitionנָסַךְ (H5258) Qal 'to pour out, pour a libation'.
עָלָֽיוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrasesee above.
10
וְכִפֶּ֤ר אַהֲרֹן֙ עַל קַרְנֹתָ֔יו אַחַ֖ת בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה מִדַּ֞ם חַטַּ֣את הַכִּפֻּרִ֗ים אַחַ֤ת בַּשָּׁנָה֙ יְכַפֵּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם קֹֽדֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה
And Aaron shall make atonement on its horns once a year; with the blood of the sin offering of atonement he shall make atonement on it once a year throughout your generations. It is most holy to the LORD.
Introduces the one annual exception, the Day of Atonement blood application, closing with a 'most holy' declaration that seals the unit.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְכִפֶּ֤רand he shall make atonementweqatal 3ms Piel · כָּפַר (H3722)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequence — annual ritual dutyכָּפַר (H3722) Piel 'to atone, cover, make propitiation'; the technical verb of atonement, echoed in כַּפֹּרֶת/כִּפֻּרִים.
אַהֲרֹן֙Aaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subjectsee v.7.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrasesee above.
קַרְנֹתָ֔יוits hornsN c pl constr/3ms sfx · קֶרֶן (H7161)Object of prepositionקֶרֶן (H7161), see v.2.
אַחַ֖תoncenumeral f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Adverbial accusative (frequency)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; idiom 'once' with בַּשָּׁנָה.
בַּשָּׁנָ֑הin the yearprep + art + N f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial temporal phraseשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
מִדַּ֞םfrom the blood ofprep מִן + N m sg constr · דָּם (H1818)Adverbial/instrumental prepositional phraseדָּם (H1818) 'blood', the atoning medium in sacrificial ritual.
חַטַּ֣אתsin offering ofN f sg constr · חַטָּאת (H2403)Construct genitiveחַטָּאת (H2403) 'sin offering, sin', from חטא 'to sin, miss the mark'.
הַכִּפֻּרִ֗יםthe atonementsart + N m pl abs · כִּפֻּרִים (H3725)Genitive complementכִּפֻּרִים (H3725) 'atonement(s)', plural of intensity from כפר; the Day of Atonement's sin offering (Lev 16).
אַחַ֤תoncenumeral f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Adverbial accusative (resumptive)see above.
בַּשָּׁנָה֙in the yearprep + art + N f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Adverbial temporal phrasesee above.
יְכַפֵּ֤רhe shall make atonementyiqtol 3ms Piel · כָּפַר (H3722)Predicate verb (resumptive, main clause)→ Yiqtol: habitual/customary — the annual riteכָּפַר (H3722), see above.
עָלָיו֙on itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrasesee above.
לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔םthroughout your generationsprep + N m pl constr/2mp sfx · דּוֹר (H1755)Adverbial temporal phrasesee v.8.
קֹֽדֶשׁholy ofN m sg constr · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominative (construct, superlative idiom)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sacredness', from קדשׁ 'to be set apart'.
קָֽדָשִׁ֥יםholiesN m pl abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive complement (superlative idiom 'most holy')same root, plural intensive forming the superlative.
ה֖וּאit (is)independent pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject pronoun (copular, resumptive)הוּא (H1931) 3ms independent pronoun, functioning as copula.
לַיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative complementיְהוָה (H3068), see v.8.
11
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Standard narrative formula marking a new divine speech unit, shifting topic to the census law.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokewayyiqtol 3ms Piel · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol, narrative)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing new divine speechדָּבַר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subjectsee v.8.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of prepositionמֹשֶׁה (H4872), Israel's mediator and lawgiver.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayinginf constr Qal · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive marking direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: introducing quoted speech ('saying')אָמַר (H559) Qal 'to say'.
12
כִּ֣י תִשָּׂ֞א אֶת רֹ֥אשׁ בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֘ל לִפְקֻדֵיהֶם֒ וְנָ֨תְנ֜וּ אִ֣ישׁ כֹּ֧פֶר נַפְשׁ֛וֹ לַיהוָ֖ה בִּפְקֹ֣ד אֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא יִהְיֶ֥ה בָהֶ֛ם נֶ֖גֶף בִּפְקֹ֥ד אֹתָֽם
When you take the census of the sons of Israel, according to their numbering, then each man shall give a ransom for his soul to the LORD when you number them, so that there will be no plague among them when you number them.
כִּי introduces the census-ransom law as a conditional/temporal clause; the ransom money averts a plague, linking cultic payment to communal safety.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
כִּ֣יwhenconjunction · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction (temporal/conditional)כִּי (H3588) multivalent conjunction 'when, because, that, if'; here introducing a conditional/temporal protasis.
תִשָּׂ֞אyou take (a census)yiqtol 2ms Qal · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (protasis)→ Yiqtol: conditional/temporal — hypothetical future situationנָשָׂא (H5375) Qal 'to lift, carry, take'; idiom נָשָׂא רֹאשׁ 'to lift the head' = take a census/count.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
רֹ֥אשׁthe sum ofN m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Direct object (construct, idiomatic)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'; idiom for 'total/count' in census contexts.
בְּנֵֽיsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive constructבֵּן (H1121) 'son'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֘לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the covenant people, named for Jacob.
לִפְקֻדֵיהֶם֒according to their numberingQal pass ptc constr/3mp sfx · פָּקַד (H6485)Adverbial phrase of manner→ Passive ptc construct: 'those [being] numbered/mustered' — nominalizedפָּקַד (H6485) Qal 'to visit, appoint, muster, number'; the root sense of oversight underlies the whole census law.
וְנָ֨תְנ֜וּthen they shall giveweqatal 3cp Qal · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (apodosis, weqatal)→ Weqatal: apodosis of conditional — consequent obligationנָתַן (H5414), see v.6.
אִ֣ישׁeach manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject (distributive)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; distributive use = 'each one'.
כֹּ֧פֶרa ransom ofN m sg constr · כֹּפֶר (H3724)Direct object (construct)כֹּפֶר (H3724) 'ransom, price of a life', from כפר 'to cover/atone'; a payment substituting for a life at risk.
נַפְשׁ֛וֹhis soulN c sg constr/3ms sfx · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Genitive complementנֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, life, person'; the ransom covers the individual's very life.
לַיהוָ֖הto the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative complementsee v.8.
בִּפְקֹ֣דwhen numberinginf constr Qal · פָּקַד (H6485)Temporal infinitive clause→ Infinitive of time: circumstantial 'when [you] number'פָּקַד (H6485), see above.
אֹתָ֑םthemobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object of infinitive
וְלֹאand notconj + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative conjunction (result clause)לֹא (H3808), negative particle.
יִהְיֶ֥הthere will beyiqtol 3ms Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (result clause)→ Yiqtol: negated result — purpose/result of the ransom paymentהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
בָהֶ֛םamong themprep בְּ + 3mp sfx · בְּLocative prepositional phrase
נֶ֖גֶףa plagueN m sg abs · נֶגֶף (H5063)Subjectנֶגֶף (H5063) 'plague, blow, stroke'; divine judgment triggered by an unransomed census (cf. 2 Sam 24).
בִּפְקֹ֥דwhen numberinginf constr Qal · פָּקַד (H6485)Temporal infinitive clause (resumptive)→ Infinitive of time: circumstantial, emphatic repetitionsee above.
אֹתָֽםthemobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object of infinitive
13
זֶ֣ה יִתְּנ֗וּ כָּל הָעֹבֵר֙ עַל הַפְּקֻדִ֔ים מַחֲצִ֥ית הַשֶּׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ עֶשְׂרִ֤ים גֵּרָה֙ הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל מַחֲצִ֣ית הַשֶּׁ֔קֶל תְּרוּמָ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה
This they shall give, everyone who passes over to those numbered: half a shekel, by the shekel of the sanctuary (the shekel is twenty gerahs); half a shekel as an offering to the LORD.
Defines the fixed half-shekel amount with a parenthetical gloss on the shekel standard, ensuring uniform valuation regardless of individual wealth.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
זֶ֣הthisdemonstrative pronoun ms · זֶה (H2088)Direct object (cataphoric, fronted)זֶה (H2088) demonstrative pronoun 'this', pointing forward to the amount specified.
יִתְּנ֗וּthey shall giveyiqtol 3mp Qal · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptive — categorical requirementנָתַן (H5414), see v.6.
כָּלeveryoneN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Subject (construct, distributive)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'.
הָעֹבֵר֙who passes overQal ptc ms · עָבַר (H5674)Subject complement / genitive complement→ Ptc: characterizing — those undergoing the census musterעָבַר (H5674) Qal 'to pass over, cross'; technical for those who 'pass over' in the mustering count.
עַלtoprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phraseעַל (H5921), idiomatic 'unto/among' here.
הַפְּקֻדִ֔יםthose numberedQal pass ptc mp · פָּקַד (H6485)Object of preposition→ Qal passive ptc: those [who are] mustered/countedפָּקַד (H6485), see v.12.
מַחֲצִ֥יתhalf ofN f sg constr · מַחֲצִית (H4276)Direct object (construct, apposition to זֶה)מַחֲצִית (H4276) 'half', from חצה 'to divide'.
הַשֶּׁ֖קֶלthe shekelart + N m sg abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Genitive complementשֶׁקֶל (H8255) 'shekel', standard weight/currency unit, from שׁקל 'to weigh'.
בְּשֶׁ֣קֶלby the shekel ofprep + N m sg constr · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Adverbial standard-of-measure phrasesee above.
הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁthe sanctuaryart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive complementקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sanctuary'; the official sanctuary weight-standard, distinct from common commercial weights.
עֶשְׂרִ֤יםtwentynumeral c pl abs · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Predicate nominative (parenthetical)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
גֵּרָה֙gerahsN f sg abs · גֵּרָה (H1626)Predicate complementגֵּרָה (H1626) 'gerah', the smallest weight unit (~0.57g), 1/20 shekel.
הַשֶּׁ֔קֶלthe shekelart + N m sg abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Subject of parenthetical clausesee above.
מַחֲצִ֣יתhalf ofN f sg constr · מַחֲצִית (H4276)Direct object (resumed apposition)see above.
הַשֶּׁ֔קֶלthe shekelart + N m sg abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Genitive complementsee above.
תְּרוּמָ֖הan offeringN f sg abs · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Predicate nominative (apposition)תְּרוּמָה (H8641) 'contribution, heave offering', from רום 'to lift/raise'; a portion set apart/dedicated.
לַֽיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative complementsee v.8.
14
כֹּ֗ל הָעֹבֵר֙ עַל הַפְּקֻדִ֔ים מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה יִתֵּ֖ן תְּרוּמַ֥ת יְהוָֽה
Everyone who passes over to those numbered, from twenty years old and upward, shall give the LORD's offering.
Specifies the age threshold (20+), matching the census/military age elsewhere in the Torah (Num 1:3).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כֹּ֗לeveryoneN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Subject (construct)see v.13.
הָעֹבֵר֙who passes overQal ptc ms · עָבַר (H5674)Genitive/apposition complement→ Ptc: characterizingsee v.13.
עַלtoprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrasesee v.13.
הַפְּקֻדִ֔יםthose numberedQal pass ptc mp · פָּקַד (H6485)Object of preposition→ Qal passive ptcsee v.13.
מִבֶּ֛ןfrom (the age of)prep מִן + N m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Adverbial phrase (age specification)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; idiom מִבֶּן...וָמַעְלָה 'from age X and up'.
עֶשְׂרִ֥יםtwentynumeral c pl abs · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Genitive numeral complementsee v.13.
שָׁנָ֖הyearsN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive complement (age)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'.
וָמָ֑עְלָהand upwardconj + adv (directional ה) · מַעַל (H4605)Adverbial phrase (extent)מַעַל (H4605) 'above, upward'; directional heh forms 'onward/upward'.
יִתֵּ֖ןshall giveyiqtol 3ms Qal · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptive — categorical requirementנָתַן (H5414), see above.
תְּרוּמַ֥תthe offering ofN f sg constr · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Direct object (construct)see v.13.
יְהוָֽהthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive complementsee v.8.
15
הֶֽעָשִׁ֣יר לֹֽא יַרְבֶּ֗ה וְהַדַּל֙ לֹ֣א יַמְעִ֔יט מִֽמַּחֲצִ֖ית הַשָּׁ֑קֶל לָתֵת֙ אֶת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶֽם
The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less, than the half shekel, when giving the LORD's offering, to make atonement for your souls.
Insists on economic equality before God: rich and poor pay the same, underscoring that atonement cannot be bought at a premium or discount.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
הֶֽעָשִׁ֣ירthe rich (one)art + Adj m sg abs · עָשִׁיר (H6223)Subjectעָשִׁיר (H6223) 'rich, wealthy', from עשׁר 'to be rich'.
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particlesee v.9.
יַרְבֶּ֗הshall give moreyiqtol 3ms Hiphil · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (prohibition)→ Yiqtol of prohibition: negated modal — categoricalרָבָה (H7235) Hiphil 'to make much, increase'.
וְהַדַּל֙and the poor (one)conj + art + Adj m sg abs · דַּל (H1800)Coordinate subjectדַּל (H1800) 'poor, thin, low'; from דלל 'to be low/weak'.
לֹ֣אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particlesee v.9.
יַמְעִ֔יטshall give lessyiqtol 3ms Hiphil · מָעַט (H4591)Predicate verb (prohibition)→ Yiqtol of prohibition: negated modalמָעַט (H4591) Hiphil 'to make small, diminish'.
מִֽמַּחֲצִ֖יתfrom half ofprep מִן + N f sg constr · מַחֲצִית (H4276)Comparative prepositional phraseמַחֲצִית (H4276), see v.13.
הַשָּׁ֑קֶלthe shekelart + N m sg abs · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Genitive complementsee v.13.
לָתֵת֙in givinginf constr Qal · נָתַן (H5414)Temporal/circumstantial infinitive→ Infinitive of manner/time: 'when giving'נָתַן (H5414), see v.6.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
תְּרוּמַ֣תthe offering ofN f sg constr · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Direct object of infinitive (construct)see v.13.
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive complementsee v.8.
לְכַפֵּ֖רto make atonementinf constr Piel · כָּפַר (H3722)Purpose infinitive→ Infinitive of purpose: the ransom's atoning goalכָּפַר (H3722), see v.10.
עַלforprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrasesee above.
נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶֽםyour soulsN c pl constr/2mp sfx · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Object of prepositionנֶפֶשׁ (H5315), see v.12, plural 'lives/souls'.
16
וְלָקַחְתָּ֞ אֶת כֶּ֣סֶף הַכִּפֻּרִ֗ים מֵאֵת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְנָתַתָּ֣ אֹת֔וֹ עַל עֲבֹדַ֖ת אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְהָיָה֩ לִבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל לְזִכָּרוֹן֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶֽם
And you shall take the atonement money from the sons of Israel, and give it for the service of the tent of meeting, that it may be a memorial for the sons of Israel before the LORD, to make atonement for your souls.
Directs the collected silver toward tabernacle service, framing it as a perpetual memorial and atoning token before the LORD (cf. Exod 38:25-28).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וְלָקַחְתָּ֞and you shall takeweqatal 2ms Qal · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, receive'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
כֶּ֣סֶףthe money ofN m sg constr · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Direct object (construct)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver, money'; the half-shekel payments collected in silver.
הַכִּפֻּרִ֗יםthe atonementsart + N m pl abs · כִּפֻּרִים (H3722/3725)Genitive complementכִּפֻּרִים, from כפר; 'atonement money' — the plural abstract for the census payments (cf. v.10, 16).
מֵאֵת֙fromcompound prep · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phrase (source)אֵת/אֶת (H854) 'with, from with'; compound preposition of source.
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Object of preposition (construct)see v.12.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementsee v.12.
וְנָתַתָּ֣and you shall giveweqatal 2ms Qal · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceנָתַן (H5414), see v.6.
אֹת֔וֹitobj marker + 3ms sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object
עַלforprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (purpose)see above.
עֲבֹדַ֖תthe service ofN f sg constr · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Object of preposition (construct)עֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'service, work, labor', from עבד 'to serve/work'; the maintenance/operations of the sanctuary.
אֹ֣הֶלtent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Genitive constructאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'.
מוֹעֵ֑דmeetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive complementמוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time/place', from יעד; 'tent of meeting' = the appointed rendezvous with God.
וְהָיָה֩and it shall beweqatal 3ms Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, purpose result)→ Weqatal: consequential result clauseהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
לִבְנֵ֨יfor the sons ofprep + N m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Dative/benefactive phrasesee v.12.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֤לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementsee v.12.
לְזִכָּרוֹן֙as a memorialprep + N m sg abs · זִכָּרוֹן (H2146)Predicate complement (function)זִכָּרוֹן (H2146) 'memorial, remembrance', from זכר 'to remember'; the census money as a perpetual reminder before God.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לִפְנֵי · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrasesee v.6.
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of prepositionsee v.8.
לְכַפֵּ֖רto make atonementinf constr Piel · כָּפַר (H3722)Purpose infinitive→ Infinitive of purposeכָּפַר (H3722), see v.10.
עַלforprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrasesee above.
נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶֽםyour soulsN c pl constr/2mp sfx · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Object of prepositionsee v.15.
17
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Marks the third of four divine-speech introductions in this chapter, shifting to the laver law.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokewayyiqtol 3ms Piel · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol, narrative)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing new divine speechדָּבַר (H1696), see v.11.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subjectsee v.8.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phrasesee v.11.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of prepositionsee v.11.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayinginf constr Qal · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive marking direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: introducing quoted speechאָמַר (H559), see v.11.
18
וְעָשִׂ֜יתָ כִּיּ֥וֹר נְחֹ֛שֶׁת וְכַנּ֥וֹ נְחֹ֖שֶׁת לְרָחְצָ֑ה וְנָתַתָּ֣ אֹת֗וֹ בֵּֽין אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וְנָתַתָּ֥ שָׁ֖מָּה מָֽיִם
And you shall make a bronze basin, with its bronze stand, for washing; and you shall put it between the tent of meeting and the altar, and you shall put water there.
Introduces the bronze laver, positioned in the courtyard between the tent and the altar, its function 'for washing' stated up front.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְעָשִׂ֜יתָand you shall makeweqatal 2ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
כִּיּ֥וֹרa basinN m sg abs · כִּיּוֹר (H3595)Direct objectכִּיּוֹר (H3595) 'basin, laver'; the bronze washing vessel for priestly ablutions.
נְחֹ֛שֶׁתof bronzeN f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Genitive of materialנְחֹשֶׁת (H5178) 'bronze/copper'; the metal of the outer-court furnishings (contrast gold for the inner sancta).
וְכַנּ֥וֹand its standconj + N m sg constr/3ms sfx · כֵּן (H3653)Coordinate direct objectכֵּן (H3653) 'base, stand, pedestal'.
נְחֹ֖שֶׁתof bronzeN f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Genitive of materialsee above.
לְרָחְצָ֑הfor washinginf constr Qal · רָחַץ (H7364)Purpose infinitive→ Infinitive of purpose: the laver's functionרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to wash, bathe'.
וְנָתַתָּ֣and you shall putweqatal 2ms Qal · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceנָתַן (H5414), see v.6.
אֹת֗וֹitobj marker + 3ms sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object
בֵּֽיןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Locative prepositional phrasesee v.8.
אֹ֤הֶלtent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Object of preposition (construct)see v.16.
מוֹעֵד֙meetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive complementsee v.16.
וּבֵ֣יןand betweenconj + prep · בֵּין (H996)Locative prepositional phrase (coordinate)see v.8.
הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַthe altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Object of prepositionמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196), here the bronze altar of burnt offering in the courtyard.
וְנָתַתָּ֥and you shall putweqatal 2ms Qal · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceנָתַן (H5414), see v.6.
שָׁ֖מָּהthereadv (directional ה) · שָׁם (H8033)Locative adverbialשָׁם (H8033), see v.6.
מָֽיִםwaterN m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Direct objectמַיִם (H4325) 'water', plural form (no singular); for priestly ablutions.
19
וְרָחֲצ֛וּ אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּבָנָ֖יו מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אֶת יְדֵיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת רַגְלֵיהֶֽם
And Aaron and his sons shall wash their hands and their feet from it.
States the laver's actual use by Aaron and sons — hands and feet — setting up the life-and-death stakes elaborated in vv.20-21.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְרָחֲצ֛וּand they shall washweqatal 3cp Qal · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceרָחַץ (H7364), see v.18.
אַהֲרֹ֥ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subjectsee v.7.
וּבָנָ֖יוand his sonsconj + N m pl constr/3ms sfx · בֵּן (H1121)Coordinate subjectבֵּן (H1121), see v.12.
מִמֶּ֑נּוּfrom itprep מִן + 3ms sfx · מִן (H4480)Source prepositional phraseמִן (H4480), referring to the laver.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
יְדֵיהֶ֖םtheir handsN c dual constr/3mp sfx · יָד (H3027)Direct objectיָד (H3027) 'hand', dual form.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
רַגְלֵיהֶֽםtheir feetN f dual constr/3mp sfx · רֶגֶל (H7272)Direct object (coordinate)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'foot', dual form.
20
בְּבֹאָ֞ם אֶל אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד יִרְחֲצוּ מַ֖יִם וְלֹ֣א יָמֻ֑תוּ א֣וֹ בְגִשְׁתָּ֤ם אֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ לְשָׁרֵ֔ת לְהַקְטִ֥יר אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה
When they go into the tent of meeting, they shall wash with water, so that they will not die; or when they approach the altar to minister, to burn a food offering to the LORD.
Introduces the mortal stakes of the laver command via two parallel circumstantial protases (entering the tent / approaching the altar), each followed by the refrain 'so that they will not die.'
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
בְּבֹאָ֞םwhen they goinf constr Qal/3mp sfx · בּוֹא (H935)Temporal infinitive clause (protasis)→ Infinitive of time: circumstantial protasisבּוֹא (H935) Qal 'to come, go, enter'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413), see v.11.
אֹ֧הֶלtent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Object of preposition (construct)אֹהֶל (H168), see v.16.
מוֹעֵ֛דmeetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive complementמוֹעֵד (H4150), see v.16.
יִרְחֲצוּthey shall washyiqtol 3mp Qal · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptive — mandatory washingרָחַץ (H7364), see v.18.
מַ֖יִםwith waterN m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Adverbial accusative (instrument)מַיִם (H4325), see v.18.
וְלֹ֣אso that notconj + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative purpose/result conjunctionלֹא (H3808), negative particle.
יָמֻ֑תוּthey will dieyiqtol 3mp Qal · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (result clause)→ Yiqtol: negated result — the consequence of neglecting to washמוּת (H4191) Qal 'to die'; the life-and-death stakes of priestly purity.
א֣וֹorconjunction · אוֹ (H176)Disjunctive conjunctionאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
בְגִשְׁתָּ֤םwhen they approachinf constr Qal/3mp sfx · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Temporal infinitive clause (second scenario)→ Infinitive of time: circumstantial protasisנָגַשׁ (H5066) Qal 'to draw near, approach'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phrasesee above.
הַמִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙the altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Object of prepositionמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196), the bronze altar (cf. v.18).
לְשָׁרֵ֔תto ministerinf constr Piel · שָׁרַת (H8334)Purpose infinitive→ Infinitive of purposeשָׁרַת (H8334) Piel 'to minister, serve'; the technical term for priestly cultic service.
לְהַקְטִ֥ירto burn (an offering)inf constr Hiphil · קָטַר (H6999)Purpose infinitive (coordinate)→ Infinitive of purposeקָטַר (H6999), see v.7.
אִשֶּׁ֖הa food offeringN m sg abs · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Direct object of infinitiveאִשֶּׁה (H801) 'offering by fire', from אֵשׁ 'fire'; a general term for sacrifices consumed on the altar fire.
לַֽיהוָֽהto the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative complementsee v.8.
21
וְרָחֲצ֛וּ יְדֵיהֶ֥ם וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יָמֻ֑תוּ וְהָיְתָ֨ה לָהֶ֧ם חָק עוֹלָ֛ם ל֥וֹ וּלְזַרְע֖וֹ לְדֹרֹתָֽם
They shall wash their hands and their feet, so that they will not die; and it shall be a perpetual statute for them, for him and his descendants throughout their generations.
Restates the washing command in summary form and seals it as a permanent statute for Aaron's line; the second death-warning reinforces the seriousness of unwashed approach to holy service.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְרָחֲצ֛וּand they shall washweqatal 3cp Qal · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceרָחַץ (H7364), see v.18.
יְדֵיהֶ֥םtheir handsN c dual constr/3mp sfx · יָד (H3027)Direct objectיָד (H3027), see v.19.
וְרַגְלֵיהֶ֖םand their feetconj + N f dual constr/3mp sfx · רֶגֶל (H7272)Coordinate direct objectרֶגֶל (H7272), see v.19.
וְלֹ֣אso that notconj + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative result conjunctionsee v.20.
יָמֻ֑תוּthey will dieyiqtol 3mp Qal · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (result clause)→ Yiqtol: negated resultמוּת (H4191), see v.20.
וְהָיְתָ֨הand it shall beweqatal 3fs Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, result)→ Weqatal: consequential — establishing perpetual statuteהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
לָהֶ֧םfor themprep לְ + 3mp sfx · לְDative/benefactive prepositional phrase
חָקa statute ofN m sg constr · חֹק (H2706)Predicate nominative (construct)חֹק (H2706) 'statute, decree', from חקק 'to inscribe, decree'.
עוֹלָ֛םperpetuityN m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Genitive complementעוֹלָם (H5769) 'long duration, antiquity, forever'; forms the idiom חָק־עוֹלָם 'perpetual statute'.
ל֥וֹfor himprep לְ + 3ms sfx · לְDative complement (Aaron)
וּלְזַרְע֖וֹand for his descendantsconj + prep לְ + N m sg constr/3ms sfx · זֶרַע (H2233)Coordinate dative complementזֶרַע (H2233) 'seed, offspring', from זרע 'to sow'.
לְדֹרֹתָֽםthroughout their generationsprep + N m pl constr/3mp sfx · דּוֹר (H1755)Adverbial temporal phraseדּוֹר (H1755), see v.8.
22
וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר
And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
Marks the fourth and final divine-speech introduction in the chapter, shifting to the recipe for the anointing oil.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokewayyiqtol 3ms Piel · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol, narrative)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing new divine speechדָּבַר (H1696), see v.11.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subjectsee v.8.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phrasesee v.11.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of prepositionsee v.11.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayinginf constr Qal · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive marking direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: introducing quoted speechאָמַר (H559), see v.11.
23
וְאַתָּ֣ה קַח לְךָ֮ בְּשָׂמִ֣ים רֹאשׁ֒ מָר דְּרוֹר֙ חֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֔וֹת וְקִנְּמָן בֶּ֥שֶׂם מַחֲצִית֖וֹ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים וּמָאתָ֑יִם וּקְנֵה בֹ֖שֶׂם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים וּמָאתָֽיִם
And you, take for yourself the finest spices: of liquid myrrh five hundred, and of fragrant cinnamon half as much, two hundred fifty, and of fragrant cane two hundred fifty,
אַתָּה fronted emphatically singles out Moses personally as compounder; opens the itemized recipe list of measured spices.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְאַתָּ֣הand youconj + independent pronoun 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Fronted subject pronoun (emphatic, new addressee)אַתָּה (H859) 2ms independent pronoun; fronted for emphasis, marking Moses' personal charge to compound the oil.
קַחtakeimperative 2ms Qal · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: direct imperative commandלָקַח (H3947), see v.16.
לְךָ֮for yourselfprep לְ + 2ms sfx · לְDative/reflexive prepositional phraseethical dative.
בְּשָׂמִ֣יםspicesN m pl abs · בֶּשֶׂם (H1314)Direct objectבֶּשֶׂם/בֹּשֶׂם (H1314) 'spice, balsam, sweet aroma'.
רֹאשׁ֒the finest ofN m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Genitive construct (superlative idiom)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head, chief, best'; idiom 'chief spices' = the finest quality.
מָרmyrrh ofN m sg constr · מֹר (H4753)Direct object (construct, appositional list)מֹר (H4753) 'myrrh', a fragrant resin from Commiphora trees, prized in antiquity.
דְּרוֹר֙liquid/free-flowingN m sg abs · דְּרוֹר (H1865)Attributive genitive/adjectiveדְּרוֹר (H1865) 'flowing, free-flowing'; describes myrrh that exudes freely — the purest, costliest grade.
חֲמֵ֣שׁfivenumeral f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Numeral modifying מֵאוֹתחָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'.
מֵא֔וֹתhundrednumeral c pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Numeral complement (amount, shekels implied)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
וְקִנְּמָןand cinnamon ofconj + N m sg constr · קִנָּמוֹן (H7076)Coordinate direct object (construct)קִנָּמוֹן (H7076) 'cinnamon', an aromatic bark, imported via ancient spice-trade routes.
בֶּ֥שֶׂםfragrantN m sg abs · בֶּשֶׂם (H1314)Attributive genitive (quality)בֶּשֶׂם (H1314), see above; 'fragrant cinnamon'.
מַחֲצִית֖וֹhalf of itN f sg constr/3ms sfx · מַחֲצִית (H4276)Adverbial quantity phraseמַחֲצִית (H4276), see v.13; half the myrrh's amount.
חֲמִשִּׁ֣יםfiftynumeral c pl abs · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Numeralחֲמִשִּׁים (H2572) 'fifty'.
וּמָאתָ֑יִםand two hundredconj + numeral c dual abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Coordinate numeralמֵאָה (H3967) dual 'two hundred'.
וּקְנֵהand cane ofconj + N m sg constr · קָנֶה (H7070)Coordinate direct object (construct)קָנֶה (H7070) 'reed, cane, stalk'; here aromatic calamus/sweet cane.
בֹ֖שֶׂםfragrantN m sg abs · בֶּשֶׂם (H1314)Attributive genitivesee above.
חֲמִשִּׁ֥יםfiftynumeral c pl abs · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Numeralsee above.
וּמָאתָֽיִםand two hundredconj + numeral c dual abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Coordinate numeralsee above.
24
וְקִדָּ֕ה חֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וְשֶׁ֥מֶן זַ֖יִת הִֽין
and of cassia five hundred, by the shekel of the sanctuary, and a hin of olive oil.
Concludes the spice list with cassia and specifies the olive-oil base by volume (a hin), completing the recipe's ingredients.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְקִדָּ֕הand cassiaconj + N f sg abs · קִדָּה (H6916)Coordinate direct objectקִדָּה (H6916) 'cassia', an aromatic bark related to cinnamon.
חֲמֵ֥שׁfivenumeral f sg abs · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Numeralsee v.23.
מֵא֖וֹתhundrednumeral c pl abs · מֵאָה (H3967)Numeralsee v.23.
בְּשֶׁ֣קֶלby the shekel ofprep + N m sg constr · שֶׁקֶל (H8255)Adverbial standard-of-measureשֶׁקֶל (H8255), see v.13.
הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁthe sanctuaryart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive complementsee v.13.
וְשֶׁ֥מֶןand oil ofconj + N m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Coordinate direct object (construct)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil, fat'; the carrier medium for the spices.
זַ֖יִתoliveN m sg abs · זַיִת (H2132)Genitive complementזַיִת (H2132) 'olive, olive tree'.
הִֽיןa hinN m sg abs · הִין (H1969)Quantity complement (measure)הִין (H1969) 'hin', a liquid measure (~3.7 liters), likely an Egyptian loanword.
25
וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ אֹת֗וֹ שֶׁ֚מֶן מִשְׁחַת קֹ֔דֶשׁ רֹ֥קַח מִרְקַ֖חַת מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֑חַ שֶׁ֥מֶן מִשְׁחַת קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶֽה
And you shall make of it a holy anointing oil, a blended compound, the work of a perfumer; it shall be a holy anointing oil.
States the outcome of the recipe: a technically compounded 'holy anointing oil', with the perfumer's craft (רֹקֵחַ) underscoring its careful, skilled preparation.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְעָשִׂ֣יתָand you shall makeweqatal 2ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
אֹת֗וֹitobj marker + 3ms sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object
שֶׁ֚מֶןoil ofN m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Object complement (construct)שֶׁמֶן (H8081), see v.24.
מִשְׁחַתanointing ofN f sg constr · מִשְׁחָה (H4888)Genitive complementמִשְׁחָה (H4888) 'anointing', from משׁח 'to anoint, smear'.
קֹ֔דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Attributive genitiveקֹדֶשׁ (H6944), see v.10.
רֹ֥קַחa compound ofN m sg constr · רֹקַח (H7545)Appositional noun (construct)רֹקַח (H7545) 'perfume, ointment, compound', from רקח 'to blend/compound spices'.
מִרְקַ֖חַתblendingN f sg abs · מִרְקַחַת (H4842)Genitive complementמִרְקַחַת (H4842) 'perfumed mixture, ointment', same root.
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הwork ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Appositional noun (construct)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'work, deed, product', from עשׂה 'to make'.
רֹקֵ֑חַa perfumerQal ptc ms (substantival) · רָקַח (H7543)Genitive complement→ Ptc: agent noun — one who compounds perfumeרָקַח (H7543) Qal 'to compound, mix (spices/ointment)'; participle used substantivally as 'perfumer, compounder'.
שֶׁ֥מֶןoil ofN m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Predicate nominative (resumptive, construct)see above.
מִשְׁחַתanointing ofN f sg constr · מִשְׁחָה (H4888)Genitive complementsee above.
קֹ֖דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Attributive genitivesee above.
יִהְיֶֽהit shall beyiqtol 3ms Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptive — categorical designationהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
26
וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֥ ב֖וֹ אֶת אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְאֵ֖ת אֲר֥וֹן הָעֵדֻֽת
And you shall anoint with it the tent of meeting and the ark of the testimony,
Begins the catalogue of objects to be anointed, starting with the tent structure itself and the ark, moving from the innermost sanctum outward.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֥and you shall anointweqatal 2ms Qal · מָשַׁח (H4886)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequence — opening the anointing catalogueמָשַׁח (H4886) Qal 'to anoint, smear with oil'; root of מָשִׁיחַ 'Messiah, anointed one'.
ב֖וֹwith itprep בְּ + 3ms sfx · בְּInstrumental prepositional phrasereferring to the anointing oil.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker
אֹ֣הֶלtent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Direct object (construct)see v.16.
מוֹעֵ֑דmeetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive complementsee v.16.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
אֲר֥וֹןthe ark ofN c sg constr · אָרוֹן (H727)Direct object (construct, coordinate)אָרוֹן (H727), see v.6.
הָעֵדֻֽתthe testimonyart + N f sg abs · עֵדוּת (H5715)Genitive complementעֵדוּת (H5715), see v.6.
27
וְאֶת הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙ וְאֶת כָּל כֵּלָ֔יו וְאֶת הַמְּנֹרָ֖ה וְאֶת כֵּלֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת מִזְבַּ֥ח הַקְּטֹֽרֶת
and the table and all its utensils, and the lampstand and its utensils, and the altar of incense,
Continues the anointing catalogue: table, lampstand, and the incense altar (the very object commissioned at the chapter's outset), binding the chapter's construction and consecration threads together.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙the tableart + N m sg abs · שֻׁלְחָן (H7979)Direct objectשֻׁלְחָן (H7979) 'table', the table of the bread of the Presence.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object (construct)כֹּל (H3605), see v.13.
כֵּלָ֔יוits utensilsN m pl constr/3ms sfx · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive complementכְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, utensil, article'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
הַמְּנֹרָ֖הthe lampstandart + N f sg abs · מְנוֹרָה (H4501)Direct objectמְנוֹרָה (H4501) 'lampstand', from נור/אור 'light'; the golden menorah.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
כֵּלֶ֑יהָits utensilsN m pl constr/3fs sfx · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive complementכְּלִי (H3627), see above.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
מִזְבַּ֥חthe altar ofN m sg constr · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Direct object (construct)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196), see v.1.
הַקְּטֹֽרֶתthe incenseart + N f sg abs · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Genitive complementקְטֹרֶת (H7004), see v.1; the very altar this chapter began by prescribing, now included in the anointing catalogue.
28
וְאֶת מִזְבַּ֥ח הָעֹלָ֖ה וְאֶת כָּל כֵּלָ֑יו וְאֶת הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת כַּנּֽוֹ
and the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils, and the laver and its stand.
Completes the catalogue with the courtyard's bronze altar and laver, moving from holiest to outer objects — every sanctioned piece of tabernacle furniture is anointed.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
מִזְבַּ֥חthe altar ofN m sg constr · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Direct object (construct)see v.27.
הָעֹלָ֖הburnt offeringart + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Genitive complementעֹלָה (H5930), see v.9; the bronze altar in the courtyard.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
כָּלall ofN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Direct object (construct)see v.13.
כֵּלָ֑יוits utensilsN m pl constr/3ms sfx · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive complementsee v.27.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
הַכִּיֹּ֖רthe laverart + N m sg abs · כִּיּוֹר (H3595)Direct objectכִּיּוֹר (H3595), see v.18.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
כַּנּֽוֹits standN m sg constr/3ms sfx · כֵּן (H3653)Direct objectכֵּן (H3653), see v.18.
29
וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֣ אֹתָ֔ם וְהָי֖וּ קֹ֣דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֑ים כָּל הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהֶ֖ם יִקְדָּֽשׁ
And you shall consecrate them, so that they shall be most holy; whatever touches them shall be holy.
Draws the theological conclusion of the anointing: the objects become 'most holy', and this holiness is contagious by touch, a principle with major ritual-legal consequences elsewhere (Lev 6).
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֣and you shall consecrateweqatal 2ms Piel · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequence, culminating the anointing riteקָדַשׁ (H6942) Piel 'to sanctify, consecrate, set apart'.
אֹתָ֔םthemobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object
וְהָי֖וּand they shall beweqatal 3cp Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (weqatal, result)→ Weqatal: consequential resultהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
קֹ֣דֶשׁholy ofN m sg constr · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominative (superlative idiom)see v.10.
קָֽדָשִׁ֑יםholiesN m pl abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive complement (superlative)see v.10.
כָּלeveryone/whateverN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Subject (construct)כֹּל (H3605), see v.13.
הַנֹּגֵ֥עַthe one touchingQal ptc ms · נָגַע (H5060)Genitive complement / subject relative clause→ Ptc: characterizing — 'whoever touches'נָגַע (H5060) Qal 'to touch, reach'; contact with holy objects transmits (or risks) holiness/danger — cf. Lev 6:18, 27.
בָּהֶ֖םthemprep בְּ + 3mp sfx · בְּObject of preposition (of participle)
יִקְדָּֽשׁshall become holyyiqtol 3ms Qal · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb (main clause, result)→ Yiqtol: result/consequence — automatic transfer of holiness by contactקָדַשׁ (H6942) Qal 'to be/become holy'.
30
וְאֶת אַהֲרֹ֥ן וְאֶת בָּנָ֖יו תִּמְשָׁ֑ח וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם לְכַהֵ֥ן לִֽי
And you shall anoint Aaron and his sons, and consecrate them, that they may serve me as priests.
Shifts from objects to persons: Aaron and his sons are anointed and consecrated for priestly service, paralleling and completing Exod 29's ordination ritual.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
אַהֲרֹ֥ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Direct objectsee v.7.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker
בָּנָ֖יוhis sonsN m pl constr/3ms sfx · בֵּן (H1121)Direct object (coordinate)בֵּן (H1121), see v.12.
תִּמְשָׁ֑חyou shall anointyiqtol 2ms Qal · מָשַׁח (H4886)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptive — direct instructionמָשַׁח (H4886), see v.26.
וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥and you shall consecrateweqatal 2ms Piel · קָדַשׁ (H6942)Predicate verb (weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceקָדַשׁ (H6942), see v.29.
אֹתָ֖םthemobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object
לְכַהֵ֥ןto serve as priestsinf constr Piel · כָּהַן (H3547)Purpose infinitive→ Infinitive of purpose: the goal of the anointing/consecrationכָּהַן (H3547) Piel 'to act/serve as priest', denominative from כֹּהֵן 'priest'.
לִֽיto meprep לְ + 1cs sfx · לְDative complementGod speaking.
31
וְאֶל בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵאמֹ֑ר שֶׁ֠מֶן מִשְׁחַת קֹ֨דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֥ה זֶ֛ה לִ֖י לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם
And you shall speak to the sons of Israel, saying: This shall be a holy anointing oil to me throughout your generations.
Shifts addressee from Moses alone to 'the sons of Israel' as a whole, introducing the oil's perpetual, protected status for the nation to heed.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאֶלand toconj + prep · אֶל (H413)Fronted prepositional phrase (topicalized addressee)אֶל (H413), see v.11.
בְּנֵ֥יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Object of preposition (construct)see v.12.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementsee v.12.
תְּדַבֵּ֣רyou shall speakyiqtol 2ms Piel · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptive — direct instructionדָּבַר (H1696), see v.11.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayinginf constr Qal · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive marking direct discourse→ Infinitive construct introducing quoted speechאָמַר (H559), see v.11.
שֶׁ֠מֶןoil ofN m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Predicate nominative (construct)see v.25.
מִשְׁחַתanointing ofN f sg constr · מִשְׁחָה (H4888)Genitive complementsee v.25.
קֹ֨דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Attributive genitivesee v.10.
יִהְיֶ֥הit shall beyiqtol 3ms Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptive — perpetual designationהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
זֶ֛הthisdemonstrative pronoun ms · זֶה (H2088)Subject (demonstrative)זֶה (H2088), see v.13.
לִ֖יto meprep לְ + 1cs sfx · לְDative complement
לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽםthroughout your generationsprep + N m pl constr/2mp sfx · דּוֹר (H1755)Adverbial temporal phrasesee v.8.
32
עַל בְּשַׂ֤ר אָדָם֙ לֹ֣א יִיסָ֔ךְ וּבְמַ֨תְכֻּנְתּ֔וֹ לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ כָּמֹ֑הוּ קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֔וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם
It shall not be poured on the flesh of man, and you shall not make anything like it in its composition; it is holy, it shall be holy to you.
Two parallel prohibitions (no common use on flesh, no replicating the formula) protect the oil's uniqueness, closed by a doubled 'holy' declaration.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrasesee above.
בְּשַׂ֤רthe flesh ofN m sg constr · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Object of preposition (construct)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, body'.
אָדָם֙manN m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Genitive complementאָדָם (H120) 'man, mankind, Adam'.
לֹ֣אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particlesee v.9.
יִיסָ֔ךְshall it be pouredyiqtol 3ms Qal · יָסַךְ (H3251)Predicate verb (prohibition, impersonal passive-sense)→ Yiqtol of prohibition: negated modal — categorical prohibitionיָסַךְ (H3251) Qal 'to pour, anoint'; here with impersonal/passive nuance 'shall not be poured'.
וּבְמַ֨תְכֻּנְתּ֔וֹand in its compositionconj + prep בְּ + N f sg constr/3ms sfx · מַתְכֹּנֶת (H4971)Adverbial manner phraseמַתְכֹּנֶת (H4971) 'measure, proportion, formula', from תכן 'to measure, regulate'.
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particlesee v.9.
תַעֲשׂ֖וּyou shall makeyiqtol 2mp Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (prohibition)→ Yiqtol of prohibition: negated modal — categorical prohibition against imitationעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
כָּמֹ֑הוּlike itprep כְּמוֹ + 3ms sfx · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Comparative prepositional phraseכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'like, as', comparative preposition + 3ms suffix.
קֹ֣דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominativesee v.10.
ה֔וּאit (is)independent pronoun 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Subject pronoun (copular)see v.10.
קֹ֖דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominative (resumptive)see above.
יִהְיֶ֥הit shall beyiqtol 3ms Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptiveהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
לָכֶֽםto youprep לְ + 2mp sfx · לְDative complement
33
אִ֚ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִרְקַ֣ח כָּמֹ֔הוּ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִתֵּ֛ן מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַל זָ֑ר וְנִכְרַ֖ת מֵעַמָּֽיו
Whoever compounds any like it, or whoever puts any of it on an outsider, shall be cut off from his people.
States the covenantal penalty (karet, 'cut off') for violating the oil's exclusivity, whether by compounding or by illicit application.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אִ֚ישׁwhoever/anyoneN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subjectאִישׁ (H376), see v.12; indefinite 'anyone'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhorelative pronoun · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounsee v.6.
יִרְקַ֣חcompoundsyiqtol 3ms Qal · רָקַח (H7543)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Yiqtol: generic/gnomic — describing a class of hypothetical offenderרָקַח (H7543), see v.25.
כָּמֹ֔הוּlike itprep כְּמוֹ + 3ms sfx · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Comparative prepositional phrasesee v.32.
וַאֲשֶׁ֥רor whoconj + relative pronoun · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Coordinate relative pronounsee above.
יִתֵּ֛ןputs/givesyiqtol 3ms Qal · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Yiqtol: generic/gnomicנָתַן (H5414), see v.6.
מִמֶּ֖נּוּany of itprep מִן + 3mp sfx · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phraseמִן (H4480), referring to the oil.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrasesee above.
זָ֑רan outsiderAdj m sg abs · זָר (H2114)Object of prepositionזָר (H2114), see v.9; here substantival 'a stranger, unauthorized person' — anyone outside the priesthood.
וְנִכְרַ֖תshall be cut offniphal (weqatal function) 3ms · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (apodosis, main clause)→ Niphal consequential: the karet penalty — severe covenantal excisionכָּרַת (H3772) Niphal 'to be cut off'; the karet formula denoting severe divine/covenantal excision.
מֵעַמָּֽיוfrom his peopleprep מִן + N m pl constr/3ms sfx · עַם (H5971)Adverbial source phrase (separation)עַם (H5971) 'people, kin-group'; the standard karet formula 'cut off from his people'.
34
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֜ה קַח לְךָ֣ סַמִּ֗ים נָטָ֤ף וּשְׁחֵ֨לֶת֙ וְחֶלְבְּנָ֔ה סַמִּ֖ים וּלְבֹנָ֣ה זַכָּ֑ה בַּ֥ד בְּבַ֖ד יִהְיֶֽה
And the LORD said to Moses: Take for yourself fragrant spices — stacte, onycha, and galbanum — sweet spices with pure frankincense; there shall be an equal part of each.
A fresh 'and the LORD said' introduces the incense recipe (distinct from the wayyiqtol formulas opening the chapter's other legal units); four aromatic ingredients in exactly equal measure.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיֹּאמֶר֩and he saidwayyiqtol 3ms Qal · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol, narrative)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, new speech unitאָמַר (H559), see v.11.
יְהוָ֨הthe LORDproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subjectsee v.8.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phrasesee v.11.
מֹשֶׁ֜הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of prepositionsee v.11.
קַחtakeimperative 2ms Qal · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperative, direct discourse)→ Volitional: direct imperativeלָקַח (H3947), see v.16.
לְךָ֣for yourselfprep לְ + 2ms sfx · לְDative/reflexive prepositional phrasesee v.23.
סַמִּ֗יםspicesN m pl abs · סַם (H5561)Direct objectסַם (H5561), see v.7.
נָטָ֤ףstacteN m sg abs · נָטָף (H5198)Appositional noun (list item)נָטָף (H5198) 'stacte, drop-resin', from נטף 'to drip'; an aromatic gum resin.
וּשְׁחֵ֨לֶת֙and onychaconj + N f sg abs · שְׁחֵלֶת (H7827)Coordinate appositional nounשְׁחֵלֶת (H7827) 'onycha', an aromatic ingredient possibly from a mollusk operculum or a plant resin.
וְחֶלְבְּנָ֔הand galbanumconj + N f sg abs · חֶלְבְּנָה (H2464)Coordinate appositional nounחֶלְבְּנָה (H2464) 'galbanum', a pungent resinous gum used to fix/extend fragrance.
סַמִּ֖יםsweet spicesN m pl abs · סַם (H5561)Appositional noun (summarizing)סַם (H5561), see above.
וּלְבֹנָ֣הand frankincenseconj + N f sg abs · לְבֹנָה (H3828)Coordinate direct objectלְבֹנָה (H3828) 'frankincense', from לבן 'white'; a prized aromatic resin, the fourth and dominant ingredient.
זַכָּ֑הpureAdj f sg abs · זַךְ (H2134)Attributive adjective modifying לְבֹנָהזַךְ (H2134) 'pure, clear'; the highest grade of frankincense.
בַּ֥דa partN m sg abs · בַּד (H905)Adverbial distributive (idiom)בַּד (H905) 'part, portion' (a homograph distinct from 'pole' in vv.4-5); idiom בַּד בְּבַד 'part for part, equal measure'.
בְּבַ֖דfor a partprep + N m sg abs · בַּד (H905)Adverbial distributive (idiom, repeated)same, forming the distributive idiom 'each equal to the other'.
יִהְיֶֽהthere shall beyiqtol 3ms Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptive — equal-parts requirementהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
35
וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ אֹתָהּ֙ קְטֹ֔רֶת רֹ֖קַח מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה רוֹקֵ֑חַ מְמֻלָּ֖ח טָה֥וֹר קֹֽדֶשׁ
And you shall make of it an incense, a blend, the work of a perfumer, seasoned with salt, pure, holy.
States the outcome: a salted, pure, holy incense — 'salted' recalling Lev 2:13's covenant-salt requirement for offerings.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְעָשִׂ֤יתָand you shall makeweqatal 2ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
אֹתָהּ֙itobj marker + 3fs sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct objectreferring to the spice mixture (fem.).
קְטֹ֔רֶתincenseN f sg abs · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Object complement (result)קְטֹרֶת (H7004), see v.1.
רֹ֖קַחa blendN m sg abs · רֹקַח (H7545)Appositional nounרֹקַח (H7545), see v.25.
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הwork ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Appositional noun (construct)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639), see v.25.
רוֹקֵ֑חַa perfumerQal ptc ms (substantival) · רָקַח (H7543)Genitive complement→ Ptc: agent noun — the compounder's craftרָקַח (H7543), see v.25.
מְמֻלָּ֖חsalted/temperedPual ptc ms · מָלַח (H4414)Attributive predicate (describing the incense)→ Pual ptc: passive/resultative — the incense as a properly seasoned/preserved compoundמָלַח (H4414) Pual 'to be salted, seasoned'; salt as a preservative/purifying agent in offerings (cf. Lev 2:13 'salt of the covenant').
טָה֥וֹרpureAdj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjectiveטָהוֹר (H2889), see v.3.
קֹֽדֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Attributive/predicate nounsee v.10.
36
וְשָֽׁחַקְתָּ֣ מִמֶּנָּה֮ הָדֵק֒ וְנָתַתָּ֨ה מִמֶּ֜נָּה לִפְנֵ֤י הָעֵדֻת֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֛ר אִוָּעֵ֥ד לְךָ֖ שָׁ֑מָּה קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים תִּהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם
And you shall beat some of it very fine, and put part of it before the testimony in the tent of meeting, where I will meet with you; it shall be most holy to you.
Specifies pulverizing part of the incense finely and placing it before the ark, the site of divine meeting, sealed by the 'most holy' formula.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְשָֽׁחַקְתָּ֣and you shall poundweqatal 2ms Qal · שָׁחַק (H7833)Predicate verb (main clause, weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceשָׁחַק (H7833) Qal 'to grind, pulverize, beat fine'.
מִמֶּנָּה֮some of itprep מִן + 3fs sfx · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phraseמִן (H4480), referring to the incense.
הָדֵק֒very fineinf abs Hiphil (adverbial) · דָּקַק (H1854)Adverbial complement (manner, infinitive absolute intensifying)→ Infinitive absolute: intensifying the verb's manner — 'thoroughly, very fine'דָּקַק (H1854) Hiphil inf. abs. 'to make fine, pulverize'.
וְנָתַתָּ֨הand you shall putweqatal 2ms Qal · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (weqatal)→ Weqatal: continuing instructional sequenceנָתַן (H5414), see v.6.
מִמֶּ֜נָּהsome of itprep מִן + 3fs sfx · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phrasesee above.
לִפְנֵ֤יbeforeprep לִפְנֵי · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrasesee v.6.
הָעֵדֻת֙the testimonyart + N f sg abs · עֵדוּת (H5715)Object of prepositionsee v.6.
בְּאֹ֣הֶלin the tent ofprep + N m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Locative prepositional phrase (construct)see v.16.
מוֹעֵ֔דmeetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive complementsee v.16.
אֲשֶׁ֛רwhererelative pronoun (locative) · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounsee v.6.
אִוָּעֵ֥דI will meetniphal yiqtol 1cs · יָעַד (H3259)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Niphal yiqtol: reciprocal — divine self-disclosureיָעַד (H3259), see v.6.
לְךָ֖with youprep לְ + 2ms sfx · לְDative complementsee v.6.
שָׁ֑מָּהthereadv (directional ה) · שָׁם (H8033)Locative adverbialsee v.6.
קֹ֥דֶשׁholy ofN m sg constr · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominative (superlative)see v.10.
קָֽדָשִׁ֖יםholiesN m pl abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive complement (superlative)see v.10.
תִּהְיֶ֥הit shall beyiqtol 3fs Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptiveהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
לָכֶֽםto youprep לְ + 2mp sfx · לְDative complementsee v.32.
37
וְהַקְּטֹ֨רֶת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה בְּמַ֨תְכֻּנְתָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א תַעֲשׂ֖וּ לָכֶ֑ם קֹ֛דֶשׁ תִּהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֖ לַיהוָֽה
And the incense that you shall make, in its composition you shall not make for yourselves; it shall be holy to you for the LORD.
A casus pendens fronts 'the incense' for emphasis, then forbids the people from replicating its exact formula for private use, mirroring the oil's protection in vv.32-33.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְהַקְּטֹ֨רֶת֙and the incenseconj + art + N f sg abs · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Fronted subject/topic (casus pendens)קְטֹרֶת (H7004), see v.1.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrelative pronoun · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounsee v.6.
תַּעֲשֶׂ֔הyou shall makeyiqtol 2ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/future — legitimate cultic actעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
בְּמַ֨תְכֻּנְתָּ֔הּin its compositionprep + N f sg constr/3fs sfx · מַתְכֹּנֶת (H4971)Adverbial manner phrase (fronted for emphasis)מַתְכֹּנֶת (H4971), see v.32.
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particlesee v.9.
תַעֲשׂ֖וּyou shall makeyiqtol 2mp Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (prohibition, main clause)→ Yiqtol of prohibition: negated modal — forbidding private imitationעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
לָכֶ֑םfor yourselvesprep לְ + 2mp sfx · לְDative/reflexive complementsee v.32.
קֹ֛דֶשׁholyN m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Predicate nominativesee v.10.
תִּהְיֶ֥הit shall beyiqtol 3fs Qal · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: modal/prescriptiveהָיָה (H1961), see v.2.
לְךָ֖to youprep לְ + 2ms sfx · לְDative complementsee v.31.
לַיהוָֽהfor the LORDprep לְ + proper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Dative complement (purpose)see v.8.
38
אִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה כָמ֖וֹהָ לְהָרִ֣יחַ בָּ֑הּ וְנִכְרַ֖ת מֵעַמָּֽיו
Whoever makes any like it, to smell its fragrance, shall be cut off from his people.
Closes the chapter with the same karet penalty for anyone privately compounding the incense to enjoy its fragrance, framing both the oil and incense units with matching prohibition-plus-sanction structures.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִ֛ישׁwhoeverN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subjectsee v.33.
אֲשֶׁרwhorelative pronoun · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative pronounsee v.6.
יַעֲשֶׂ֥הmakesyiqtol 3ms Qal · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Yiqtol: generic/gnomic — hypothetical offenderעָשָׂה (H6213), see v.1.
כָמ֖וֹהָlike itprep כְּמוֹ + 3fs sfx · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Comparative prepositional phraseכְּמוֹ (H3644), see v.32; fem., referring to the incense.
לְהָרִ֣יחַto smellinf constr Hiphil · רוּחַ (H7306)Purpose infinitive→ Infinitive of purpose: the illicit motive (personal enjoyment)רוּחַ (H7306) Hiphil 'to smell, perceive fragrance'.
בָּ֑הּin/of itprep בְּ + 3fs sfx · בְּObject of infinitive (prepositional)referring to the incense.
וְנִכְרַ֖תshall be cut offniphal (weqatal function) 3ms · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Niphal consequential — the karet penaltyכָּרַת (H3772), see v.33.
מֵעַמָּֽיוfrom his peopleprep מִן + N m pl constr/3ms sfx · עַם (H5971)Adverbial source phraseעַם (H5971), see v.33.