Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Exodus, Chapter 25שמות 25

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

YHWH invites a freewill offering of gold, silver, dyed yarns, and acacia wood so he may dwell among his people. From these are fashioned the ark and mercy seat where God meets Moses between the cherubim, the table of perpetual bread, and the golden lampstand — all built strictly 'according to the pattern shown on the mountain.'

Translation & textual notes

The Masoretic Text of Exodus 25 is well preserved and matches closely with the Samaritan Pentateuch and the Qumran fragments of Exodus (e.g., 4QExod-Levf), with only minor orthographic variation (plene/defective spellings of אַמָּה, קָנֶה, etc.) and no substantive textual cruxes. The Septuagint (LXX) diverges more noticeably in this section of the tabernacle account: its order of the furniture instructions and the wording of several measurements differ somewhat from the MT, and the LXX's parallel description of the tabernacle construction in Exodus 35-40 is considerably abbreviated relative to the MT, suggesting either a different Hebrew Vorlage or a translator's decision to compress repetitive material. Within the MT itself, the chapter is characterized by a distinctive repetition of the refrain 'according to the pattern (תַּבְנִית) shown you' (vv.9, 40), which brackets the entire furniture unit as an inclusio and underscores that every dimension, material, and ornamental detail here is presented as revealed rather than designed by human innovation. The recurring formula עָשָׂה ('make') and צָפָה ('overlay') across the ark, table, and lampstand sections, along with the parallel legislation recapitulated in Exodus 37, together form a tightly interlocking unit with no significant text-critical disturbance.

1

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

Narrative wayyiqtol resuming the speech-report chainוַ
Opens the great tabernacle-instruction discourse (chs. 25-31) that follows Israel's covenant ratification and Moses's ascent into the cloud (24:15-18); the formula דִּבֶּר...לֵאמֹר is the standard hinge introducing legislative divine speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רand he spokePiel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main clause)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, resuming the speech-formula chainדִּבֶּר (H1696) Piel of דבר 'to speak'; the standard verb introducing formal divine speech throughout the Pentateuch.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subjectיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name (Tetragrammaton) of Israel's God, traditionally vocalized as אֲדֹנָי; the speaker of the entire tabernacle legislation that follows.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (addressee of the speech)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; introduces the addressee, Moses, of the divine speech.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition (addressee)מֹשֶׁה (H4872), the covenant mediator on Sinai; here receives the instructions (chs. 25-31) for building the sanctuary.
לֵּאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Complementary infinitive introducing direct discourse→ Infinitive construct: marks the transition into quoted speechאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the formula לֵאמֹר regularly opens reported divine speech, functioning like an English colon.
2

דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְיִקְחוּ לִ֖י תְּרוּמָ֑ה מֵאֵ֤ת כָּל אִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִדְּבֶ֣נּוּ לִבּ֔וֹ תִּקְח֖וּ אֶת תְּרוּמָתִֽי

Speak to the children of Israel, that they take for me a contribution; from every man whose heart moves him you shall take my contribution.

Command + purpose clauseasyndeton
The imperative דַּבֵּר restates the addressee shift from v.1's narrative frame into direct divine speech; the offering is explicitly voluntary (יִדְּבֶנּוּ לִבּוֹ), grounding the entire tabernacle project in willing generosity rather than taxation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
דַּבֵּר֙speakPiel impv 2ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative main clause)→ Volitional: direct commandדִּבֶּר (H1696) Piel 'speak'; the imperative launches the content of the divine speech announced in v.1.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (addressee)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward', marking Israel as the ultimate addressee relayed through Moses.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival), head nounבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct בְּנֵי + gentilic produces the standing idiom 'sons/children of Israel' for the covenant people.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Construct chain (genitival), nomen rectumיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), the patriarch Jacob's covenant name, here denoting the nation as addressee of the sanctuary appeal.
וְיִקְחוּthat they take/receiveconj וְ + Qal jussive 3mp · לָקַח (H3947)Volitive clause (purpose/result of the command)→ Jussive/volitive: instruction expressing desired actionלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, receive'; here of receiving the freewill contribution on God's behalf.
לִ֖יfor meprep לְ + Sp1csIndirect object (benefactive)The 1cs suffix on לְ marks God as beneficiary of the offering - 'for me,' i.e., for my sanctuary.
תְּרוּמָ֑הa contributionN f sg abs · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Direct objectתְּרוּמָה (H8641) 'contribution, heave offering', from רוּם 'to be high, lift'; a portion set apart/lifted out for sacred use - here the raw materials for the sanctuary.
מֵאֵ֤תfromprep מִן + prep אֵת · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phrase (source)מֵאֵת, compound of מִן 'from' and אֵת 'with, from with'; marks the human source of the contribution.
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival), quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; in construct with אִישׁ distributes the appeal to each individual Israelite.
אִישׁ֙manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Genitive complement of כָּלאִישׁ (H376) 'man, person'; here generic - any individual, not gender-restrictive (cf. 35:22, 29 which include women).
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhoserelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), the indeclinable Hebrew relative pronoun 'who, which, that'; introduces the qualifying clause on אִישׁ.
יִדְּבֶ֣נּוּmoves himQal impf 3ms + Sp3ms · נָדַב (H5068)Relative clause predicate→ Yiqtol: durative/characteristic - describes the inward promptingנָדַב (H5068) 'to incite, impel, move willingly'; root of נְדָבָה 'freewill offering' - the giving must arise from voluntary inner motion, not compulsion.
לִבּ֔וֹhis heartN m sg constr/Sp3ms · לֵב (H3820)Subject of יִדְּבֶנּוּלֵב (H3820) 'heart, mind, will'; in Hebrew anthropology the seat of decision, here the source of the offerer's willingness.
תִּקְח֖וּyou shall takeQal impf 2mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive)→ Yiqtol: instructional/injunctive - ongoing procedure for receiving giftsלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, receive'; resumes the imperative addressed to Moses/leaders collecting the offering.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking the definite direct object; untranslated.
תְּרוּמָתִֽיmy contributionN f sg constr/Sp1cs · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Direct objectתְּרוּמָה (H8641) with 1cs suffix, 'my contribution'; God claims the gift as his own though channeled through the people's generosity.
3

וְזֹאת֙ הַתְּרוּמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּקְח֖וּ מֵאִתָּ֑ם זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף וּנְחֹֽשֶׁת

And this is the contribution that you shall take from them: gold, silver, and bronze;

Elaboration (itemized list introduced)וְ
Casus pendens construction (וְזֹאת הַתְּרוּמָה) fronts the topic before the list proper begins; the three metals are ordered by value, gold first, establishing the descending-value pattern that structures the whole inventory (vv.3-7).
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְזֹאת֙and thisconj וְ + demonstrative pron fs · זֹאת (H2063)Casus pendens / resumptive subject (fronted for topic)זֹאת (H2063), fs demonstrative 'this'; fronted to introduce the itemized list that follows - 'and this is the contribution.'
הַתְּרוּמָ֔הthe contributionart + N f sg abs · תְּרוּמָה (H8641)Predicate nominativeתְּרוּמָה (H8641) 'contribution'; definite here, resuming the term just introduced in v.2.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'which, that'; introduces the qualifying relative clause on the contribution.
תִּקְח֖וּyou shall takeQal impf 2mp · לָקַח (H3947)Relative clause predicate→ Yiqtol: instructionalלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, receive'; repeated verb tying this list back to the collection command.
מֵאִתָּ֑םfrom themprep מִן + prep אֵת/Sp3mp · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phrase (source)מֵאִתָּם, 'from with them'; source-marking compound preposition, referring back to 'every man' of v.2.
זָהָ֥בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)First item of the materials list (apposition to תְּרוּמָה)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the most precious of the sanctuary metals, used throughout for the ark, mercy seat, cherubim, table, and lampstand.
וָכֶ֖סֶףand silverconj וְ + N m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Second item of the materials listכֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'; used later chiefly for the sockets/bases of the framework (cf. 26:19; 38:25-28).
וּנְחֹֽשֶׁתand bronzeconj וְ + N f sg abs · נְחֹשֶׁת (H5178)Third item of the materials listנְחֹשֶׁת (H5178) 'bronze/copper'; the metal of the courtyard altar, basin, and their fittings - the outer, harder-wearing tier of sanctuary metal.
4

וּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ וְעִזִּֽים

blue, purple, and scarlet material, fine linen, and goats' hair;

Continuation of the materials listוְ
The textile items continue the asyndetic list-chain begun in v.3, moving from metals to dyed fibers used in the tabernacle's hangings and vestments.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וּתְכֵ֧לֶתand blueconj וְ + N f sg abs · תְּכֵלֶת (H8504)Fourth list itemתְּכֵלֶת (H8504) 'blue-violet', a dye/wool from the murex snail; used for the veil, the priestly robe, and cords - signaling heaven/royalty.
וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ןand purpleconj וְ + N m sg abs · אַרְגָּמָן (H713)Fifth list itemאַרְגָּמָן (H713) 'purple' (also murex-derived); paired with תְּכֵלֶת and שָׁנִי as the sanctuary's royal color triad.
וְתוֹלַ֥עַתand [worm of]conj וְ + N c sg constr · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Construct chain (genitival), sixth list itemתּוֹלַעַת (H8438) 'worm, grub'; here in construct with שָׁנִי, denoting the scale-insect source of crimson dye.
שָׁנִ֖יscarletN m sg abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Genitive complement (construct chain: 'worm of scarlet')שָׁנִי (H8144) 'scarlet, crimson'; with תּוֹלַעַת forms the fixed phrase for crimson-dyed yarn.
וְשֵׁ֥שׁand fine linenconj וְ + N f sg abs · שֵׁשׁ (H8336)Seventh list itemשֵׁשׁ (H8336) 'fine (Egyptian) linen'; the white ground-cloth into which the colored threads are woven for hangings and vestments.
וְעִזִּֽיםand goats' [hair]conj וְ + N f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Eighth list itemעֵז (H5795) 'goat'; here shorthand for goat-hair yarn/cloth, used for the tent-covering over the tabernacle (26:7).
5

וְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאָדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים וַעֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּֽים

rams' skins dyed red, fine leather, and acacia wood;

Continuation of the materials listוְ
Hides and timber round out the raw-materials list; acacia (שִׁטִּים) is singled out because it will recur as the base material for every piece of sanctuary furniture in this chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְעֹרֹ֨תand skins ofconj וְ + N m pl constr · עוֹר (H5785)Construct chain (genitival), ninth list itemעוֹר (H5785) 'skin, hide'; construct plural opening the two hide-items of the covering materials.
אֵילִ֧םramsN m pl abs · אַיִל (H352)Genitive complement of עֹרֹתאַיִל (H352) 'ram'; the animal whose hide, dyed red, forms the tabernacle's outer protective covering (26:14).
מְאָדָּמִ֛יםreddenedPual ptc mp abs · אָדַם (H119)Attributive participle modifying עֹרֹת אֵילִם→ Passive/stative participle: describes an ongoing dyed stateאָדַם (H119) Pual 'to be made red/reddened'; describes hides dyed red, likely tanned in imitation of red morocco leather.
וְעֹרֹ֥תand skins ofconj וְ + N m pl constr · עוֹר (H5785)Construct chain (genitival), tenth list itemעוֹר (H5785) 'skin, hide'; second occurrence, now introducing the תְּחָשִׁים hides.
תְּחָשִׁ֖יםfine leather / dugongsN m pl abs · תַּחַשׁ (H8476)Genitive complement of עֹרֹתתַּחַשׁ (H8476), meaning disputed - a marine mammal (dugong/porpoise) or a type of fine leather; forms the tabernacle's weatherproof outer layer (26:14).
וַעֲצֵ֥יand wood ofconj וְ + N m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival), eleventh list itemעֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'; construct plural introducing the timber for the sanctuary's frame and furniture.
שִׁטִּֽיםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive complement of עֲצֵישִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia'; a hard, insect-resistant desert wood available in the Sinai wilderness, used for the ark, table, altars, and frame - the structural timber of the whole sanctuary.
6

שֶׁ֖מֶן לַמָּאֹ֑ר בְּשָׂמִים֙ לְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים

oil for the light, spices for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense;

Continuation of the materials listוְ
The list shifts from solid materials to the oils and aromatics needed for the lamp, the anointing rite, and the incense - items whose full recipes are deferred to ch. 30.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שֶׁ֖מֶןoilN m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Twelfth list itemשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil', normally olive oil; here specified by function in the following phrase.
לַמָּאֹ֑רfor the lightprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · מָאוֹר (H3974)Purpose/genitive complement of שֶׁמֶןמָאוֹר (H3974) 'light, luminary'; oil 'for the light' fuels the lampstand of vv.31-40 (cf. 27:20).
בְּשָׂמִים֙spicesN m pl abs · בֶּשֶׂם (H1314)Thirteenth list itemבֶּשֶׂם (H1314) 'spice, balsam, aromatic'; raw aromatic materials for perfumery, specified in the next two phrases.
לְשֶׁ֣מֶןfor oil ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Construct chain (genitival), purpose complementשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil', in construct with הַמִּשְׁחָה - the base for the sacred anointing oil (cf. 30:22-33).
הַמִּשְׁחָ֔הthe anointingart + N f sg abs · מִשְׁחָה (H4888)Genitive complement of שֶׁמֶןמִשְׁחָה (H4888) 'anointing'; from מָשַׁח 'to anoint' - the oil that consecrates priests and sanctuary objects.
וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶתand for incense ofconj וְ + prep לְ + N f sg constr · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Construct chain (genitival), purpose complementקְטֹרֶת (H7004) 'incense, smoke of sacrifice'; here in construct with הַסַּמִּים, the compounded fragrant incense burned on the golden altar.
הַסַּמִּֽיםthe spicesart + N m pl abs · סַם (H5561)Genitive complement of קְטֹרֶתסַם (H5561) 'spice, fragrant ingredient'; the specific aromatic components of the sacred incense recipe (30:34-38).
7

אַבְנֵי שֹׁ֕הַם וְאַבְנֵ֖י מִלֻּאִ֑ים לָאֵפֹ֖ד וְלַחֹֽשֶׁן

onyx stones, and stones for setting for the ephod and for the breastpiece.

Conclusion of the materials listוְ
The list closes with the priestly-vestment gems, anticipating ch. 28 and thereby framing the entire offering (vv.3-7) as materials for both the sanctuary structure and the priesthood that will serve in it.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אַבְנֵיstones ofN f pl constr · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival), fourteenth list itemאֶבֶן (H68) 'stone'; construct plural opening the gemstone item of the list.
שֹׁ֕הַםonyxN m sg abs · שֹׁהַם (H7718)Genitive complement of אַבְנֵישֹׁהַם (H7718), a precious stone usually rendered 'onyx' (identity uncertain); two are later set on the ephod's shoulder-pieces engraved with the tribal names (28:9-12).
וְאַבְנֵ֖יand stones ofconj וְ + N f pl constr · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival), fifteenth list itemאֶבֶן (H68), repeated construct introducing the 'stones for setting.'
מִלֻּאִ֑יםsetting/fillingN m pl abs · מִלֻּאִים (H4394)Genitive complement of אַבְנֵימִלֻּאִים (H4394) 'fillings, settings', from מָלֵא 'to fill'; refers to gemstones mounted in the priestly breastpiece (28:17-20).
לָאֵפֹ֖דfor the ephodprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · אֵפוֹד (H646)Purpose prepositional phraseאֵפוֹד (H646) 'ephod', the high priest's ornate apron-like vestment (ch. 28), here anticipated among the needed materials.
וְלַחֹֽשֶׁןand for the breastpiececonj וְ + prep לְ + art + N m sg abs · חֹשֶׁן (H2833)Purpose prepositional phraseחֹשֶׁן (H2833) 'breastpiece, pouch'; the jeweled pectoral worn by the high priest over the ephod, holding the Urim and Thummim (28:15-30).
8

וְעָ֥שׂוּ לִ֖י מִקְדָּ֑שׁ וְשָׁכַנְתִּ֖י בְּתוֹכָֽם

And let them make me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them.

Purpose statement (theological center of the chapter)וְ
This verse states the theological purpose of the entire tabernacle project: not a house for God's confinement but a locus of relational presence 'among them' (בְּתוֹכָם) - the goal toward which every material and dimension in the chapter serves.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וְעָ֥שׂוּand let them makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (purpose/result, main clause)→ Weqatal: volitive continuation - the goal of the collected offeringעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make, do'; the chapter's Leitwort, occurring dozens of times as the recurring construction-command verb.
לִ֖יfor meprep לְ + Sp1csIndirect object (benefactive)The 1cs suffix again marks God as beneficiary - the sanctuary is built 'for me,' not as a human monument.
מִקְדָּ֑שׁa sanctuaryN m sg abs · מִקְדָּשׁ (H4720)Direct objectמִקְדָּשׁ (H4720) 'sanctuary, holy place', from קדשׁ 'to be holy'; a set-apart dwelling place - this is the term's first occurrence in the Torah.
וְשָׁכַנְתִּ֖יthat I may dwellconj וְ + Qal weqatal 1cs · שָׁכַן (H7931)Predicate verb (purpose clause, result of the sanctuary's construction)→ Weqatal: purpose - the intended consequence of the buildingשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to dwell, settle, tabernacle'; root of מִשְׁכָּן 'tabernacle' - God's presence will inhabit, not merely visit, the structure.
בְּתוֹכָֽםamong themprep בְּ + N m sg constr/Sp3mp · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Locative prepositional phraseתָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst, among'; note the emphasis - God dwells among the people, not merely in the sanctuary object.
9

כְּכֹ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ מַרְאֶ֣ה אוֹתְךָ֔ אֵ֚ת תַּבְנִ֣ית הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת תַּבְנִ֣ית כָּל כֵּלָ֑יו וְכֵ֖ן תַּעֲשֽׂוּ

According to all that I show you, the pattern of the tabernacle and the pattern of all its vessels, so you shall make it.

Programmatic instruction (governing principle for the chapter)asyndeton
This verse states the chapter's controlling hermeneutical principle - everything that follows is a transcript of a divinely revealed תַּבְנִית ('pattern'), not human design; the refrain recurs at v.40 forming an inclusio around the furniture instructions.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כְּכֹ֗לaccording to allprep כְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Comparative prepositional phrase (norm/standard)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; with כְּ 'according to all that...' introduces the governing standard of conformity to the shown pattern.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), introduces the relative clause specifying the content of 'all.'
אֲנִי֙Iindependent pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Subject (emphatic, resumed by verb)אֲנִי (H589) '1cs pronoun'; explicit subject pronoun lends emphasis - God himself is the one showing the pattern.
מַרְאֶ֣הam showingHiphil ptc ms abs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (participle of ongoing/present action)→ Participle: durative present - an act in progress on the mountainרָאָה (H7200) Hiphil 'to cause to see, show'; God is presently displaying a heavenly/ideal model for Moses to replicate.
אוֹתְךָ֔youobj marker/Sp2ms · אֵת (H853)Direct object of מַרְאֶהאֵת (H853) with 2ms suffix marks Moses as the one being shown the pattern.
אֵ֚ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks the following noun phrase as the (second) direct object of מַרְאֶה.
תַּבְנִ֣יתthe pattern ofN f sg constr · תַּבְנִית (H8403)Construct chain (genitival)תַּבְנִית (H8403) 'pattern, model, structure', from בָּנָה 'to build'; the key theological term of the chapter - a heavenly archetype to be replicated exactly on earth.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ןthe tabernacleart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Genitive complement of תַּבְנִיתמִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'dwelling place, tabernacle', from שָׁכַן (cf. v.8); the technical name for the entire portable sanctuary structure.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ joins the second object; אֵת marks תַּבְנִית כָּל כֵּלָיו as the definite second object of מַרְאֶה.
תַּבְנִ֣יתthe pattern ofN f sg constr · תַּבְנִית (H8403)Construct chain (genitival)תַּבְנִית (H8403), repeated to extend the 'pattern' principle from the structure itself to all its furnishings.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival), quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; quantifies כֵּלָיו, 'all its vessels.'
כֵּלָ֑יוits vesselsN m pl constr/Sp3ms · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive complement of כָּלכְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, utensil, implement'; a comprehensive term covering every piece of sanctuary furniture and equipment about to be described.
וְכֵ֖ןand soconj וְ + adverb · כֵּן (H3651)Adverbial modifier of manner (conformity)כֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; demands strict conformity - the execution must match the shown pattern exactly.
תַּעֲשֽׂוּyou shall make [it]Qal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Yiqtol: injunctive - binding future obligationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; closes the verse with the command to execute precisely according to the revealed תַּבְנִית.
10

וְעָשׂ֥וּ אֲר֖וֹן עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּתַ֨יִם וָחֵ֜צִי אָרְכּ֗וֹ וְאַמָּ֤ה וָחֵ֨צִי֙ רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹמָתֽוֹ

And let them make an ark of acacia wood: two and a half cubits its length, a cubit and a half its width, and a cubit and a half its height.

Elaboration (first furniture item specified)וְ
The ark's precise dimensions (2½x1½x1½ cubits) open the detailed furniture instructions; the recurring cubit-and-a-half module recurs with the mercy seat (v.17), binding the two pieces together as a single unit.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְעָשׂ֥וּand let them makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuation of the building instructionsעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the first specific furniture item, the ark.
אֲר֖וֹןan arkN c sg constr · אָרוֹן (H727)Direct object (construct chain head)אָרוֹן (H727) 'ark, chest'; the central object of Israel's cult, housing the tablets of the covenant and surmounted by the mercy seat and cherubim.
עֲצֵ֣יwood ofN m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival), material specificationעֵץ (H6086) 'wood'; specifies the ark's material, in construct with שִׁטִּים.
שִׁטִּ֑יםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive complement of עֲצֵישִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia'; the durable desert wood that forms the ark's core, later entirely overlaid with gold (v.11).
אַמָּתַ֨יִםtwo cubitsN f dual abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial accusative of measure (length)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit' (~45 cm); dual form here yields 'two cubits,' the ark's length measurement.
וָחֵ֜צִיand a halfconj וְ + N m sg abs · חֵצִי (H2677)Adverbial accusative of measure (continuation)חֵצִי (H2677) 'half'; completes the ark's length at two-and-a-half cubits (~112 cm).
אָרְכּ֗וֹits lengthN m sg constr/Sp3ms · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Subject/apposition to the measure phraseאֹרֶךְ (H753) 'length'; names the dimension just quantified.
וְאַמָּ֤הand a cubitconj וְ + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial accusative of measure (width)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit'; begins the width measurement.
וָחֵ֨צִי֙and a halfconj וְ + N m sg abs · חֵצִי (H2677)Adverbial accusative of measure (continuation)חֵצִי (H2677) 'half'; the width totals a cubit and a half (~67 cm).
רָחְבּ֔וֹits widthN m sg constr/Sp3ms · רֹחַב (H7341)Subject/apposition to the measure phraseרֹחַב (H7341) 'breadth, width'; names the second dimension.
וְאַמָּ֥הand a cubitconj וְ + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial accusative of measure (height)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit'; begins the height measurement.
וָחֵ֖צִיand a halfconj וְ + N m sg abs · חֵצִי (H2677)Adverbial accusative of measure (continuation)חֵצִי (H2677) 'half'; the height totals a cubit and a half, matching the width.
קֹמָתֽוֹits heightN f sg constr/Sp3ms · קוֹמָה (H6967)Subject/apposition to the measure phraseקוֹמָה (H6967) 'height, stature'; completes the ark's three dimensions: 2½ x 1½ x 1½ cubits.
11

וְצִפִּיתָ֤ אֹתוֹ֙ זָהָ֣ב טָה֔וֹר מִבַּ֥יִת וּמִח֖וּץ תְּצַפֶּ֑נּוּ וְעָשִׂ֧יתָ עָלָ֛יו זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב

And you shall overlay it with pure gold, inside and outside you shall overlay it, and you shall make on it a molding of gold all around.

Elaboration (ark's finishing details)וְ
Address shifts from the plural 'they' (craftsmen, v.10) to singular 'you' (Moses, overseeing/instructing), a pattern that recurs throughout the furniture instructions; the gold molding (זֵר) both beautifies and functionally retains the mercy seat in place.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְצִפִּיתָ֤and you shall overlayconj וְ + Piel weqatal 2ms · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuation of the construction sequenceצָפָה (H6823) Piel 'to overlay, plate'; the standard verb for applying gold sheeting over wood cores throughout the tabernacle furniture.
אֹתוֹ֙itobj marker/Sp3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) with 3ms suffix, referring back to the ark.
זָהָ֣בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material of the overlay)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; specifies the metal of the overlay, qualified as pure.
טָה֔וֹרpureadj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure, clean'; reserved for the highest-grade gold used on the ark, mercy seat, and lampstand - items of maximal sanctity.
מִבַּ֥יִתinsideprep מִן + N m sg abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house'; here idiomatically 'from inside,' i.e., on the interior surface.
וּמִח֖וּץand outsideconj וְ + prep מִן + N m sg abs · חוּץ (H2351)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside, exterior'; paired with מִבַּיִת to require gold on both faces of the acacia core.
תְּצַפֶּ֑נּוּyou shall overlay itPiel impf 2ms/Sp3ms · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (resumptive, main clause)→ Yiqtol: injunctive, resuming and completing the overlay instructionצָפָה (H6823) Piel, repeated with object suffix; the ark is thus gold inside and out, unlike most other furniture overlaid only visibly.
וְעָשִׂ֧יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the decorative molding to be added.
עָלָ֛יוupon itprep עַל + Sp3msLocative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'upon'; marks the ark's rim as the location of the molding.
זֵ֥רa molding ofN m sg constr · זֵר (H2213)Direct object (construct chain head)זֵר (H2213) 'molding, rim, crown'; a raised decorative gold border running around the top edge, functioning also to keep the mercy seat from sliding.
זָהָ֖בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive complement of זֵרזָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; specifies the molding's material.
סָבִֽיבall aroundadverb · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial modifier of extentסָבִיב (H5439) 'around, surrounding'; indicates the molding encircles the entire rim of the ark's lid-edge.
12

וְיָצַ֣קְתָּ לּ֗וֹ אַרְבַּע֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב וְנָ֣תַתָּ֔ה עַ֖ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פַּעֲמֹתָ֑יו וּשְׁתֵּ֣י טַבָּעֹ֗ת עַל צַלְעוֹ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת וּשְׁתֵּי֙ טַבָּעֹ֔ת עַל צַלְע֖וֹ הַשֵּׁנִֽית

And you shall cast four rings of gold for it, and put them on its four feet; two rings on the one side of it, and two rings on the other side of it.

Elaboration (ark's carrying apparatus)וְ
The four cast rings, fixed two per side rather than at the very corners, anticipate the insertion of the acacia poles (vv.13-15) that will keep the ark permanently portable and untouched by human hands during transport.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְיָצַ֣קְתָּand you shall castconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · יָצַק (H3332)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationיָצַק (H3332) 'to pour, cast'; used of metal casting - the rings are molten-cast, not hammered, unlike the mercy seat's cherubim.
לּ֗וֹfor itprep לְ + Sp3msIndirect object (benefactive/possessive)The 3ms suffix on לְ refers back to the ark, 'for it.'
אַרְבַּע֙fournumeral f sg abs · אַרְבַּע (H702)Adjectival numeral modifying טַבְּעֹתאַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'; specifies the number of rings, one at each corner for the carrying poles.
טַבְּעֹ֣תrings ofN f pl constr · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Direct object (construct chain head)טַבַּעַת (H2885) 'ring'; the recurring fixture by which every major furniture piece is fitted with carrying poles.
זָהָ֔בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive complement of טַבְּעֹתזָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; specifies the rings' material, matching the overlay.
וְנָ֣תַתָּ֔הand you shall putconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put, place'; the standard verb for fixing furniture parts in position.
עַ֖לonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; marks the location of the rings on the ark's feet.
אַרְבַּ֣עfournumeral f sg abs · אַרְבַּע (H702)Adjectival numeral modifying פַּעֲמֹתָיואַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'; parallels the four rings with the four feet/corners.
פַּעֲמֹתָ֑יוits feetN f pl constr/Sp3ms · פַּעַם (H6471)Object of preposition עַלפַּעַם (H6471) primarily 'foot, footstep, occurrence'; here denotes the ark's four supporting corners/feet, the mounting points for the rings.
וּשְׁתֵּ֣יand twoconj וְ + numeral f dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct chain (genitival), numeralשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; the fem. construct form שְׁתֵּי distributes the four rings as two per side.
טַבָּעֹ֗תringsN f pl abs · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Genitive complement of שְׁתֵּיטַבַּעַת (H2885), repeated - 'two rings' on the first side.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on'; locates the rings on the first side (צֶלַע).
צַלְעוֹ֙its sideN c sg constr/Sp3ms · צֵלָע (H6763)Object of preposition עַלצֵלָע (H6763) 'side, rib'; here the ark's flank, one of its two long sides.
הָֽאֶחָ֔תthe oneart + numeral f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective modifying צַלְעוֹאֶחָד (H259) 'one'; specifies 'the one/first side,' paired with 'the second' below.
וּשְׁתֵּי֙and twoconj וְ + numeral f dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct chain (genitival), numeralשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two', repeated for the second side's pair of rings.
טַבָּעֹ֔תringsN f pl abs · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Genitive complement of שְׁתֵּיטַבַּעַת (H2885), 'two rings' on the second side, completing the total of four.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on'; locates the rings on the second side.
צַלְע֖וֹits sideN c sg constr/Sp3ms · צֵלָע (H6763)Object of preposition עַלצֵלָע (H6763) 'side', repeated for the ark's other flank.
הַשֵּׁנִֽיתthe secondart + ordinal f sg abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Attributive adjective modifying צַלְעוֹשֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; completes the pairing 'the one side... the second side,' i.e., the ark's two long flanks.
13

וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ בַדֵּ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב

And you shall make poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold.

Elaboration (carrying poles specified)וְ
The poles, though functional hardware, are given the identical materials and finish as the ark itself, signaling that even the means of transporting the sacred object share in its holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the carrying poles.
בַדֵּ֖יpoles ofN m pl constr · בַּד (H905)Direct object (construct chain head)בַּד (H905) 'pole, bar, stave'; the fixed carrying-poles inserted through the rings, never to be removed (v.15).
עֲצֵ֣יwood ofN m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival), material specificationעֵץ (H6086) 'wood'; specifies the poles' material.
שִׁטִּ֑יםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive complement of עֲצֵישִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia'; matching the ark's own core material.
וְצִפִּיתָ֥and you shall overlayconj וְ + Piel weqatal 2ms · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationצָפָה (H6823) Piel 'to overlay'; the poles receive the same gold treatment as the ark itself.
אֹתָ֖םthemobj marker/Sp3mp · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, referring to the poles.
זָהָֽבgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material of the overlay)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; completes the ark's carrying apparatus in the same precious metal as the ark proper.
14

וְהֵֽבֵאתָ֤ אֶת הַבַּדִּים֙ בַּטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֖ל צַלְעֹ֣ת הָאָרֹ֑ן לָשֵׂ֥את אֶת הָאָרֹ֖ן בָּהֶֽם

And you shall put the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark, to carry the ark by them.

Elaboration (poles inserted; purpose stated)וְ
The purpose clause לָשֵׂאת אֶת הָאָרֹן בָּהֶם makes explicit that the entire ring-and-pole apparatus exists solely so the ark can be carried without direct human contact - a concern intensified by the following verse's prohibition on removing them.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְהֵֽבֵאתָ֤and you shall bring/insertconj וְ + Hiphil weqatal 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring, cause to enter'; here of inserting the poles through the rings.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks הַבַּדִּים as the direct object.
הַבַּדִּים֙the polesart + N m pl abs · בַּד (H905)Direct objectבַּד (H905) 'pole', now definite, referring back to the poles just made (v.13).
בַּטַּבָּעֹ֔תinto the ringsprep בְּ + art + N f pl abs · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Locative prepositional phraseטַבַּעַת (H2885) 'ring'; the fixtures through which the poles are threaded.
עַ֖לonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on'; locates the rings on the ark's sides.
צַלְעֹ֣תthe sides ofN c pl constr · צֵלָע (H6763)Genitive complement, object of preposition עַלצֵלָע (H6763) 'side'; plural construct, the ark's two flanks bearing the rings.
הָאָרֹ֑ןthe arkart + N c sg abs · אָרוֹן (H727)Genitive complement of צַלְעֹתאָרוֹן (H727) 'ark'; now definite, the object under construction throughout this section.
לָשֵׂ֥אתto carryprep לְ + Qal inf constr · נָשָׂא (H5375)Purpose infinitive clause→ Infinitive construct: purpose - states the function of the poles/ringsנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry, bear'; names the poles' entire purpose - transporting the ark on the march.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks הָאָרֹן as the object of the infinitive.
הָאָרֹ֖ןthe arkart + N c sg abs · אָרוֹן (H727)Direct object of לָשֵׂאתאָרוֹן (H727) 'ark', repeated as the direct object of carrying.
בָּהֶֽםby themprep בְּ + Sp3mpInstrumental prepositional phraseThe 3mp suffix on בְּ refers to the poles, the instrument by which the ark is borne.
15

בְּטַבְּעֹת֙ הָאָרֹ֔ן יִהְי֖וּ הַבַּדִּ֑ים לֹ֥א יָסֻ֖רוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ

The poles shall remain in the rings of the ark; they shall not be removed from it.

Prohibition (permanence rule)asyndeton
A rare explicit prohibition (לֹא יָסֻרוּ) embedded within otherwise purely constructive instructions; it safeguards against the ark ever being touched directly, a concern later dramatized by Uzzah's death (2 Sam 6:6-7).
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בְּטַבְּעֹת֙in the rings ofprep בְּ + N f pl constr · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Locative prepositional phrase (fronted for emphasis)טַבַּעַת (H2885) 'ring'; fronted before the verb for emphasis - the poles' permanent location is stressed.
הָאָרֹ֔ןthe arkart + N c sg abs · אָרוֹן (H727)Genitive complement of בְּטַבְּעֹתאָרוֹן (H727) 'ark'; specifies whose rings are meant.
יִהְי֖וּshall remainQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: durative/injunctive - an ongoing, permanent stateהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become, remain'; here denoting a fixed, unchanging state rather than a single event.
הַבַּדִּ֑יםthe polesart + N m pl abs · בַּד (H905)Subjectבַּד (H905) 'pole'; subject of the verse's twin statements about permanence.
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle modifying the following verbלֹא (H3808), the standard Hebrew negator, here prohibiting removal of the poles.
יָסֻ֖רוּthey shall not be removedQal impf 3mp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (main clause, prohibitive force)→ Yiqtol with לֹא: durative prohibition - an enduring rule, not a momentary commandסוּר (H5493) 'to turn aside, depart, be removed'; the poles are never to be taken out - the ark remains permanently ready for movement and untouchable (cf. later, 2 Sam 6).
מִמֶּֽנּוּfrom itprep מִן + Sp3msPrepositional phrase (source)מִן (H4480) 'from'; the 3ms suffix refers to the ark, from which the poles must never be withdrawn.
16

וְנָתַתָּ֖ אֶל הָאָרֹ֑ן אֵ֚ת הָעֵדֻ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶתֵּ֖ן אֵלֶֽיךָ

And you shall put into the ark the testimony that I will give you.

Elaboration (the ark's content specified)וְ
This verse anchors the ark's purpose as a receptacle for the covenant tablets (עֵדוּת), tying the sanctuary furniture directly to the Sinai covenant just ratified in ch. 24; the promise 'that I will give you' looks forward to 31:18.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְנָתַתָּ֖and you shall putconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put'; introduces the ark's central content, the tablets.
אֶלintoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, into'; marks the ark as the receptacle.
הָאָרֹ֑ןthe arkart + N c sg abs · אָרוֹן (H727)Object of preposition אֶלאָרוֹן (H727) 'ark'; the vessel to receive the testimony.
אֵ֚ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks הָעֵדֻת as the direct object.
הָעֵדֻ֔תthe testimonyart + N f sg abs · עֵדוּת (H5715)Direct objectעֵדוּת (H5715) 'testimony', from עוּד 'to bear witness'; the stone tablets of the covenant, functioning as a legal witness between God and Israel - this term gives the ark its alternate name 'ark of the testimony' (v.22).
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), introduces the relative clause on הָעֵדֻת.
אֶתֵּ֖ןI will giveQal impf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Relative clause predicate→ Yiqtol: future/promissory - God's forthcoming actנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; God himself will supply the tablets (cf. 31:18), distinguishing the testimony's divine origin from the humanly-fashioned ark.
אֵלֶֽיךָto youprep אֶל + Sp2msPrepositional phrase (recipient)אֶל (H413) with 2ms suffix, 'to you' - Moses is the recipient of the tablets.
17

וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ כַפֹּ֖רֶת זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר אַמָּתַ֤יִם וָחֵ֨צִי֙ אָרְכָּ֔הּ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי רָחְבָּֽהּ

And you shall make a mercy seat of pure gold: two and a half cubits its length, and a cubit and a half its width.

Elaboration (mercy seat introduced)וְ
The mercy seat's footprint deliberately matches the ark's dimensions (v.10) so that it serves as a precisely fitted lid; being solid gold rather than gold-plated wood marks it as the holiest surface in the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the mercy seat, the ark's crowning cover.
כַפֹּ֖רֶתa mercy seatN f sg constr · כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727)Direct object (construct chain head)כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727), traditionally 'mercy seat' or 'atonement cover', probably from כפר 'to cover/atone'; the solid gold lid of the ark and the locus of the Day of Atonement blood rite (Lev 16:14-15) and the site of divine meeting (v.22).
זָהָ֣בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive complement (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; unlike the ark, the mercy seat is solid gold, not wood overlaid.
טָה֑וֹרpureadj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure'; the highest-grade gold, matching the ark's overlay and the lampstand's material.
אַמָּתַ֤יִםtwo cubitsN f dual abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial accusative of measure (length)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit'; the mercy seat's length matches the ark's exactly, so it sits flush as a lid.
וָחֵ֨צִי֙and a halfconj וְ + N m sg abs · חֵצִי (H2677)Adverbial accusative of measure (continuation)חֵצִי (H2677) 'half'; completes the length at two-and-a-half cubits, matching v.10.
אָרְכָּ֔הּits lengthN m sg constr/Sp3fs · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Subject/apposition to the measure phraseאֹרֶךְ (H753) 'length'; the 3fs suffix agrees with כַּפֹּרֶת (fem.).
וְאַמָּ֥הand a cubitconj וְ + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial accusative of measure (width)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit'; begins the width measurement, again matching the ark.
וָחֵ֖צִיand a halfconj וְ + N m sg abs · חֵצִי (H2677)Adverbial accusative of measure (continuation)חֵצִי (H2677) 'half'; the width totals a cubit and a half, identical to the ark's width (v.10).
רָחְבָּֽהּits widthN m sg constr/Sp3fs · רֹחַב (H7341)Subject/apposition to the measure phraseרֹחַב (H7341) 'width'; the mercy seat's footprint exactly matches the ark's top, so it functions as a fitted lid, no height given since it lies flat.
18

וְעָשִׂ֛יתָ שְׁנַ֥יִם כְּרֻבִ֖ים זָהָ֑ב מִקְשָׁה֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם מִשְּׁנֵ֖י קְצ֥וֹת הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת

And you shall make two cherubim of gold; of hammered work you shall make them, from the two ends of the mercy seat.

Elaboration (cherubim introduced)וְ
מִקְשָׁה 'hammered work' specifies that the cherubim must be raised from and integral to the mercy-seat slab itself (confirmed in v.19), not separately cast and attached - underscoring the unified, seamless holiness of the throne-piece.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְעָשִׂ֛יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the cherubim.
שְׁנַ֥יִםtwonumeral m dual abs · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Adjectival numeral modifying כְּרֻבִיםשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; specifies the pair of cherubim flanking the mercy seat.
כְּרֻבִ֖יםcherubimN m pl abs · כְּרוּב (H3742)Direct objectכְּרוּב (H3742) 'cherub', winged composite guardian beings elsewhere stationed at Eden's entrance (Gen 3:24); here they flank the mercy seat as the throne-guardians of the invisible divine King.
זָהָ֑בof goldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the cherubim, like the mercy seat, are solid gold.
מִקְשָׁה֙hammered workN f sg abs · מִקְשָׁה (H4749)Adverbial accusative (manner of manufacture)מִקְשָׁה (H4749) 'hammered/beaten work', from קָשָׁה; describes metal worked from a single ingot by hammering rather than cast or assembled from parts - the cherubim and mercy seat form one unbroken piece of gold.
תַּעֲשֶׂ֣הyou shall makeQal impf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (resumptive main clause)→ Yiqtol: injunctive, specifying the techniqueעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make', repeated to attach the manner adverb מִקְשָׁה to the manufacturing process.
אֹתָ֔םthemobj marker/Sp3mp · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, referring to the two cherubim.
מִשְּׁנֵ֖יfrom the two ofprep מִן + numeral m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct chain (genitival), sourceשְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; construct with קְצוֹת, locating the cherubim at the mercy seat's two ends.
קְצ֥וֹתthe ends ofN c pl constr · קָצֶה (H7098)Genitive complement of מִשְּׁנֵיקָצֶה (H7098) 'end, edge, extremity'; the cherubim rise from the two extremities of the mercy seat, framing the space between them.
הַכַּפֹּֽרֶתthe mercy seatart + N f sg abs · כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727)Genitive complement of קְצוֹתכַּפֹּרֶת (H3727), now definite, referring back to v.17.
19

וַ֠עֲשֵׂה כְּר֨וּב אֶחָ֤ד מִקָּצָה֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וּכְרוּב אֶחָ֥ד מִקָּצָ֖ה מִזֶּ֑ה מִן הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת תַּעֲשׂ֥וּ אֶת הַכְּרֻבִ֖ים עַל שְׁנֵ֥י קְצוֹתָֽיו

Make one cherub from one end, and one cherub from the other end; of one piece with the mercy seat you shall make the cherubim on its two ends.

Elaboration (cherubim placement and unity of material)וְ
The chiastic this-end/that-end phrasing and the repeated מִן הַכַּפֹּרֶת stress that the cherubim are not applied ornaments but organically continuous with the mercy seat, hammered from a single piece of gold - reinforcing the seat's singular, unbroken holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַ֠עֲשֵׂהand makeconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: direct commandעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; imperative form marks a shift to direct address for the cherubim's placement detail.
כְּר֨וּבone cherubN m sg abs · כְּרוּב (H3742)Direct objectכְּרוּב (H3742) 'cherub', singular, distributing the pair one to each end.
אֶחָ֤דonenumeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Adjectival numeral modifying כְּרוּבאֶחָד (H259) 'one'; specifies a single cherub at the first end.
מִקָּצָה֙from the endprep מִן + N c sg abs · קָצֶה (H7098)Locative prepositional phraseקָצֶה (H7098) 'end, edge'; marks the first cherub's location.
מִזֶּ֔הon this sideprep מִן + demonstrative pron ms · זֶה (H2088)Adverbial modifier of locationזֶה (H2088) 'this'; idiomatic מִזֶּה 'from this (side),' pairing with מִזֶּה below for 'this end... that end.'
וּכְרוּבand one cherubconj וְ + N m sg abs · כְּרוּב (H3742)Direct object (second item)כְּרוּב (H3742) 'cherub', repeated for the second figure.
אֶחָ֥דonenumeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Adjectival numeral modifying כְּרוּבאֶחָד (H259) 'one'; specifies the second, matching cherub.
מִקָּצָ֖הfrom the endprep מִן + N c sg abs · קָצֶה (H7098)Locative prepositional phraseקָצֶה (H7098) 'end'; marks the second cherub's location at the opposite extremity.
מִזֶּ֑הon that sideprep מִן + demonstrative pron ms · זֶה (H2088)Adverbial modifier of locationזֶה (H2088), repeated - 'from that (side),' completing the this/that pairing.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase (source/material)מִן (H4480) 'from'; here of the material source - the cherubim originate 'from' the mercy seat itself.
הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶתthe mercy seatart + N f sg abs · כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727)Object of preposition מִןכַּפֹּרֶת (H3727); repeated, emphasizing the cherubim's organic unity with the slab.
תַּעֲשׂ֥וּyou shall makeQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Yiqtol: injunctive - shift to plural addressee (the craftsmen)עָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; plural verb, likely addressing the craftsmen executing Moses's instructions.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks הַכְּרֻבִים as the direct object.
הַכְּרֻבִ֖יםthe cherubimart + N m pl abs · כְּרוּב (H3742)Direct objectכְּרוּב (H3742), now plural definite, summarizing both figures as a single object of תַּעֲשׂוּ.
עַלfromprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phrase (source)עַל (H5921), here with the sense 'out of, from' (the two ends), marking the cherubim's point of origin on the slab.
שְׁנֵ֥יthe two ofnumeral m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; construct with קְצוֹתָיו, its two ends.
קְצוֹתָֽיוits endsN c pl constr/Sp3ms · קָצֶה (H7098)Genitive complement of שְׁנֵיקָצֶה (H7098) 'end'; the 3ms suffix refers back to הַכַּפֹּרֶת, the mercy seat's two extremities.
20

וְהָי֣וּ הַכְּרֻבִים֩ פֹּרְשֵׂ֨י כְנָפַ֜יִם לְמַ֗עְלָה סֹכְכִ֤ים בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙ עַל הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת וּפְנֵיהֶ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶל אָחִ֑יו אֶל הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת יִהְי֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הַכְּרֻבִֽים

And the cherubim shall spread out their wings upward, covering the mercy seat with their wings, with their faces toward one another; toward the mercy seat shall the faces of the cherubim be.

Elaboration (cherubim's posture, completing the ark unit)וְ
This verse completes the ark-mercy-seat-cherubim unit (vv.10-20) with a vivid tableau: wings arched protectively over the gold slab, faces bowed toward each other and downward to the atonement surface - visually enacting the reverent guardianship of the space where God will speak (v.22).
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְהָי֣וּand they shall beconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; introduces the cherubim's posture and orientation.
הַכְּרֻבִים֩the cherubimart + N m pl abs · כְּרוּב (H3742)Subjectכְּרוּב (H3742), definite, subject of the descriptive clause on their posture.
פֹּרְשֵׂ֨יspreadingQal ptc mp constr · פָּרַשׂ (H6566)Predicate participle (construct with כְּנָפַיִם)→ Participle: durative posture - the cherubim's fixed stanceפָּרַשׂ (H6566) 'to spread out'; describes the cherubim's wings extended upward and forward, echoing later winged imagery of Ezek 1 and 10.
כְנָפַ֜יִםwingsN f dual abs · כָּנָף (H3671)Genitive complement/object of the participleכָּנָף (H3671) 'wing'; dual form for a pair, the outstretched wings sheltering the space above the mercy seat.
לְמַ֗עְלָהupwardprep לְ + N + directional ה · מַעְלָה (H4605)Adverbial modifier of directionמַעְלָה (H4605) 'upward, above'; directional locative describing the wings' upward orientation.
סֹכְכִ֤יםcoveringQal ptc mp abs · סָכַךְ (H5526)Predicate participle (coordinate with פֹּרְשֵׂי)→ Participle: durative posture - continuous shielding actionסָכַךְ (H5526) 'to cover, screen, shield'; the wings simultaneously shield the mercy seat, an image of protective/overshadowing presence (cf. Ps 91:4).
בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙with their wingsprep בְּ + N f dual constr/Sp3mp · כָּנָף (H3671)Instrumental prepositional phraseכָּנָף (H3671) 'wing', repeated with 3mp suffix - the instrument of the covering action.
עַלoverprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'over, upon'; marks the mercy seat as the object being overshadowed.
הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶתthe mercy seatart + N f sg abs · כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727)Object of preposition עַלכַּפֹּרֶת (H3727), repeated, the surface sheltered by the wings.
וּפְנֵיהֶ֖םand their facesconj וְ + N c pl constr/Sp3mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Subject (new clause on facial orientation)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; plural-only noun, here the cherubim's faces, oriented toward each other.
אִ֣ישׁeachN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Distributive pronoun (idiomatic 'each other')אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; in the idiom אִישׁ אֶל אָחִיו 'each toward his brother,' a distributive expression meaning 'facing one another.'
אֶלtowardprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (reciprocal)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; completes the reciprocal idiom of facing.
אָחִ֑יוhis brother/the otherN m sg constr/Sp3ms · אָח (H251)Object of preposition אֶל (reciprocal idiom)אָח (H251) 'brother'; used idiomatically for reciprocity, 'one another,' not literal kinship.
אֶלtowardprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (direction of gaze)אֶל (H413) 'toward'; introduces the second orientation clause - toward the mercy seat.
הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶתthe mercy seatart + N f sg abs · כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727)Object of preposition אֶלכַּפֹּרֶת (H3727), repeated a third time in this verse, underscoring it as the focal point of the cherubim's gaze.
יִהְי֖וּshall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive)→ Yiqtol: injunctive - describes the required fixed orientationהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; resumes the descriptive statement, now specifying the faces' downward-and-inward gaze.
פְּנֵ֥יthe faces ofN c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Subject (construct chain head)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; construct, subject of יִהְיוּ.
הַכְּרֻבִֽיםthe cherubimart + N m pl abs · כְּרוּב (H3742)Genitive complement of פְּנֵיכְּרוּב (H3742), completing the verse's threefold description of the cherubim's wings, mutual gaze, and orientation toward the seat of atonement.
21

וְנָתַתָּ֧ אֶת הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת עַל הָאָרֹ֖ן מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְאֶל הָ֣אָרֹ֔ן תִּתֵּן֙ אֶת הָ֣עֵדֻ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶתֵּ֖ן אֵלֶֽיךָ

And you shall put the mercy seat on top of the ark, and in the ark you shall put the testimony that I will give you.

Recapitulation (ark assembly summarized)וְ
Verse 21 gathers the threads of vv.10-20 into a single assembly instruction - mercy seat atop ark, tablets within - before v.22 states the theological climax: this assembled object is where God will meet and speak with Moses.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְנָתַתָּ֧and you shall putconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put'; summarizes the assembly of the ark unit by placing the mercy seat on top.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks הַכַּפֹּרֶת as the direct object.
הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶתthe mercy seatart + N f sg abs · כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727)Direct objectכַּפֹּרֶת (H3727), now definite, referring to the piece fully described in vv.17-20.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; marks the mercy seat's position atop the ark.
הָאָרֹ֖ןthe arkart + N c sg abs · אָרוֹן (H727)Object of preposition עַלאָרוֹן (H727) 'ark'; the base onto which the mercy seat is set.
מִלְמָ֑עְלָהfrom aboveprep מִן + prep לְ + N + directional ה · מַעְלָה (H4605)Adverbial modifier of location (emphatic)מַעְלָה (H4605) 'above, upward'; the triple-compounded preposition emphasizes the seat's placement directly atop the ark, covering it completely.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413) 'to, into'; resumes the placement instruction, now for the tablets.
הָ֣אָרֹ֔ןthe arkart + N c sg abs · אָרוֹן (H727)Object of preposition אֶלאָרוֹן (H727), repeated as the receptacle for the testimony.
תִּתֵּן֙you shall putQal impf 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Yiqtol: injunctiveנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put'; repeats v.16's instruction, reinforcing it after the intervening cherubim description.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks הָעֵדֻת as the direct object.
הָ֣עֵדֻ֔תthe testimonyart + N f sg abs · עֵדוּת (H5715)Direct objectעֵדוּת (H5715) 'testimony'; the tablets, repeated from v.16 to confirm the ark's content before the meeting formula of v.22.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), introduces the relative clause on הָעֵדֻת.
אֶתֵּ֖ןI will giveQal impf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Relative clause predicate→ Yiqtol: future/promissoryנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; God's future act of giving the tablets, repeated verbatim from v.16.
אֵלֶֽיךָto youprep אֶל + Sp2msPrepositional phrase (recipient)אֶל (H413) with 2ms suffix; Moses again named as recipient.
22

וְנוֹעַדְתִּ֣י לְךָ֮ שָׁם֒ וְדִבַּרְתִּ֨י אִתְּךָ֜ מֵעַ֣ל הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶת מִבֵּין֙ שְׁנֵ֣י הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל אֲרֹ֣ן הָעֵדֻ֑ת אֵ֣ת כָּל אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲצַוֶּ֛ה אוֹתְךָ֖ אֶל בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And there I will meet with you, and I will speak with you from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubim that are on the ark of the testimony, of all that I will command you for the children of Israel.

Climactic purpose statement (site of ongoing revelation)וְ
This is the theological hinge of the whole ark-mercy-seat-cherubim complex: the object just built becomes the fixed locus (שָׁם) from which God will continue to speak with Moses, making the tabernacle not a static shrine but an ongoing channel of revelation for Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וְנוֹעַדְתִּ֣יand I will meetconj וְ + Niphal weqatal 1cs · יָעַד (H3259)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Weqatal: promissory - God's pledged future actionיָעַד (H3259) Niphal 'to meet by appointment'; the theological climax of the ark instructions - God commits to a fixed rendezvous point with Moses.
לְךָ֮with youprep לְ + Sp2msIndirect object (reciprocal/dative of meeting)The 2ms suffix on לְ marks Moses as the covenant partner God will meet.
שָׁם֒thereadverb · שָׁם (H8033)Adverbial modifier of locationשָׁם (H8033) 'there'; points back to the mercy seat just described, fixing the precise locus of divine-human encounter.
וְדִבַּרְתִּ֨יand I will speakconj וְ + Piel weqatal 1cs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Weqatal: promissory continuationדִּבֶּר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'; pairs meeting with speech - presence issues in ongoing revelation.
אִתְּךָ֜with youprep אֵת + Sp2ms · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phrase (accompaniment)אֵת (H854) 'with'; marks Moses as conversation partner, distinct from the object marker of the same spelling.
מֵעַ֣לfrom aboveprep מִן + prep עַל · עַל (H5921)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source of the voice)עַל (H5921) 'upon, above'; compounded with מִן, locating the voice as issuing from above the mercy seat.
הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶתthe mercy seatart + N f sg abs · כַּפֹּרֶת (H3727)Object of preposition מֵעַלכַּפֹּרֶת (H3727), the exact point of the divine voice, matching the mercy seat description of vv.17-20.
מִבֵּין֙from betweenprep מִן + prep בֵּין · בֵּין (H996)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)בֵּין (H996) 'between'; further specifies the voice's location as the space framed by the two cherubim's wings.
שְׁנֵ֣יthe two ofnumeral m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; in construct with הַכְּרֻבִים.
הַכְּרֻבִ֔יםthe cherubimart + N m pl abs · כְּרוּב (H3742)Genitive complement of שְׁנֵיכְּרוּב (H3742), the guardian pair whose wingspan frames the meeting-space.
אֲשֶׁ֖רthat arerelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), introduces the qualifying clause locating the cherubim upon the ark.
עַלuponprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'upon'; the cherubim's position on the ark of the testimony.
אֲרֹ֣ןthe ark ofN c sg constr · אָרוֹן (H727)Construct chain (genitival)אָרוֹן (H727) 'ark'; construct with הָעֵדֻת, yielding the ark's formal title 'ark of the testimony.'
הָעֵדֻ֑תthe testimonyart + N f sg abs · עֵדוּת (H5715)Genitive complement of אֲרֹןעֵדוּת (H5715) 'testimony'; here forming the fixed compound title 'ark of the testimony,' used throughout the tabernacle texts.
אֵ֣ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks the following clause as the object of אֲצַוֶּה.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival), quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces the comprehensive scope of the commands to come.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), introduces the relative clause specifying the content of 'all.'
אֲצַוֶּ֛הI will commandPiel impf 1cs · צָוָה (H6680)Relative clause predicate→ Yiqtol: future/promissory - ongoing divine legislationצָוָה (H6680) Piel 'to command'; from the mercy seat God will issue all subsequent instruction to Israel, making it the source-point of ongoing revelation, not just this one chapter.
אוֹתְךָ֖youobj marker/Sp2ms · אֵת (H853)Direct object of אֲצַוֶּהאֵת (H853) with 2ms suffix; Moses is the direct recipient of the commands.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (ultimate addressee)אֶל (H413) 'to'; marks Israel as the ultimate addressee of what Moses receives.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct with יִשְׂרָאֵל.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complement of בְּנֵייִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); the covenant nation, the ultimate recipient of all instruction mediated through Moses from the mercy seat.
23

וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ שֻׁלְחָ֖ן עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּתַ֤יִם אָרְכּוֹ֙ וְאַמָּ֣ה רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹמָתֽוֹ

And you shall make a table of acacia wood: two cubits its length, a cubit its width, and a cubit and a half its height.

New section (table introduced)וְ
The instructions move from the innermost object (ark, Holy of Holies) to the table of showbread standing in the Holy Place, following a spatial order from the most sacred object outward.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuation, new furniture unitעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; opens the table instructions (vv.23-30), the second major furniture item.
שֻׁלְחָ֖ןa tableN m sg abs · שֻׁלְחָן (H7979)Direct objectשֻׁלְחָן (H7979) 'table'; holds the showbread (v.30), positioned in the Holy Place opposite the lampstand.
עֲצֵ֣יwood ofN m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival), material specificationעֵץ (H6086) 'wood'; specifies the table's material.
שִׁטִּ֑יםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive complement of עֲצֵישִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia'; the same wood as the ark and its poles, again to be gold-overlaid (v.24).
אַמָּתַ֤יִםtwo cubitsN f dual abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial accusative of measure (length)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit'; the table's length, larger than the ark's.
אָרְכּוֹ֙its lengthN m sg constr/Sp3ms · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Subject/apposition to the measure phraseאֹרֶךְ (H753) 'length'; names the dimension just quantified.
וְאַמָּ֣הand a cubitconj וְ + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial accusative of measure (width)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit'; the table's width, one cubit exactly.
רָחְבּ֔וֹits widthN m sg constr/Sp3ms · רֹחַב (H7341)Subject/apposition to the measure phraseרֹחַב (H7341) 'width'; names the second dimension.
וְאַמָּ֥הand a cubitconj וְ + N f sg abs · אַמָּה (H520)Adverbial accusative of measure (height)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubit'; begins the height measurement.
וָחֵ֖צִיand a halfconj וְ + N m sg abs · חֵצִי (H2677)Adverbial accusative of measure (continuation)חֵצִי (H2677) 'half'; the table stands a cubit and a half high, taller than the ark.
קֹמָתֽוֹits heightN f sg constr/Sp3ms · קוֹמָה (H6967)Subject/apposition to the measure phraseקוֹמָה (H6967) 'height'; completes the table's dimensions: 2 x 1 x 1½ cubits.
24

וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹת֖וֹ זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ לּ֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב

And you shall overlay it with pure gold, and make for it a molding of gold all around.

Elaboration (table's finishing details)וְ
The table's gold overlay and rim closely echo the ark's finishing (v.11), a verbal parallel that visually links the two furnishings despite their different functions and locations.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְצִפִּיתָ֥and you shall overlayconj וְ + Piel weqatal 2ms · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationצָפָה (H6823) Piel 'to overlay'; the table receives the same gold treatment as the ark.
אֹת֖וֹitobj marker/Sp3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) with 3ms suffix, referring to the table.
זָהָ֣בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the overlay material.
טָה֑וֹרpureadj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure'; the same high-grade gold standard applied to all the Holy Place furniture.
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the table's decorative rim.
לּ֛וֹfor itprep לְ + Sp3msIndirect object (benefactive)The 3ms suffix on לְ refers to the table.
זֵ֥רa molding ofN m sg constr · זֵר (H2213)Direct object (construct chain head)זֵר (H2213) 'molding, rim'; the same decorative feature given to the ark (v.11), here on the table's edge.
זָהָ֖בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive complement of זֵרזָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; specifies the molding's material.
סָבִֽיבall aroundadverb · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial modifier of extentסָבִיב (H5439) 'around'; the molding encircles the table's entire rim.
25

וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ לּ֥וֹ מִסְגֶּ֛רֶת טֹ֖פַח סָבִ֑יב וְעָשִׂ֧יתָ זֵר זָהָ֛ב לְמִסְגַּרְתּ֖וֹ סָבִֽיב

And you shall make for it a rim of a handbreadth all around, and you shall make a molding of gold for its rim all around.

Elaboration (table's protective rim and its molding)וְ
The table receives two decorative gold features (vv.24-25) - an outer border on the tabletop and a further molding on the raised handbreadth frame - a level of ornamentation matched only by the ark among the furniture pieces.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְעָשִׂ֨יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the table's protective frame.
לּ֥וֹfor itprep לְ + Sp3msIndirect object (benefactive)The 3ms suffix on לְ refers to the table.
מִסְגֶּ֛רֶתa frame/rimN f sg abs · מִסְגֶּרֶת (H4526)Direct objectמִסְגֶּרֶת (H4526) 'frame, ledge, border', from סָגַר 'to close/enclose'; a raised rim around the table's edge, likely to keep vessels from sliding off.
טֹ֖פַחa handbreadthN m sg abs · טֹפַח (H2948)Adverbial accusative of measureטֹפַח (H2948) 'handbreadth' (~7-8 cm), a small unit of measure; specifies the frame's width.
סָבִ֑יבall aroundadverb · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial modifier of extentסָבִיב (H5439) 'around'; the frame runs the full circumference of the table.
וְעָשִׂ֧יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces a second molding, now for the frame itself.
זֵרa molding ofN m sg constr · זֵר (H2213)Direct object (construct chain head)זֵר (H2213) 'molding'; a further gold border applied to the frame, distinct from the table's own rim in v.24.
זָהָ֛בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive complement of זֵרזָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the molding's material.
לְמִסְגַּרְתּ֖וֹfor its frameprep לְ + N f sg constr/Sp3ms · מִסְגֶּרֶת (H4526)Prepositional phrase (benefactive/locative)מִסְגֶּרֶת (H4526), repeated, specifying that this second gold molding decorates the handbreadth frame.
סָבִֽיבall aroundadverb · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial modifier of extentסָבִיב (H5439) 'around'; again the full circuit of the frame.
26

וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ אַרְבַּ֖ע טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב וְנָתַתָּ֙ אֶת הַטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֚ל אַרְבַּ֣ע הַפֵּאֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְאַרְבַּ֥ע רַגְלָֽיו

And you shall make for it four rings of gold, and put the rings on the four corners that are at its four legs.

Elaboration (table's carrying apparatus)וְ
Unlike the ark's rings mounted on its sides (v.12), the table's rings sit at the corners by the legs, adapting the same portability principle to the table's different structure (cf. the parallel legislation in 37:10-16).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְעָשִׂ֣יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the table's carrying rings.
לּ֔וֹfor itprep לְ + Sp3msIndirect object (benefactive)The 3ms suffix on לְ refers to the table.
אַרְבַּ֖עfournumeral f sg abs · אַרְבַּע (H702)Adjectival numeral modifying טַבְּעֹתאַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'; matches the ark's ring-count (v.12).
טַבְּעֹ֣תrings ofN f pl constr · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Direct object (construct chain head)טַבַּעַת (H2885) 'ring'; the table too is fitted for portability by poles.
זָהָ֑בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive complement of טַבְּעֹתזָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the rings' material.
וְנָתַתָּ֙and you shall putconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put'; fixes the rings' location.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks הַטַּבָּעֹת as the direct object.
הַטַּבָּעֹ֔תthe ringsart + N f pl abs · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Direct objectטַבַּעַת (H2885), now definite, referring back to the rings just specified.
עַ֚לonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on'; marks the location of the rings on the table's corners.
אַרְבַּ֣עfournumeral f sg abs · אַרְבַּע (H702)Adjectival numeral modifying הַפֵּאֹתאַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'; parallels the four rings with the four corners.
הַפֵּאֹ֔תthe cornersart + N f pl abs · פֵּאָה (H6285)Object of preposition עַלפֵּאָה (H6285) 'corner, edge, side'; unlike the ark's rings which sit on its sides, the table's rings sit at its corners.
אֲשֶׁ֖רthat arerelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), introduces the qualifying clause on הַפֵּאֹת.
לְאַרְבַּ֥עfor the fourprep לְ + numeral f sg constr · אַרְבַּע (H702)Construct chain (genitival)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'; construct with רַגְלָיו, tying the corners to the table's legs.
רַגְלָֽיוits legsN f dual constr/Sp3ms · רֶגֶל (H7272)Genitive complement of לְאַרְבַּערֶגֶל (H7272) 'foot, leg'; the table's four legs, at whose upper corners the rings are fixed.
27

לְעֻמַּת֙ הַמִּסְגֶּ֔רֶת תִּהְיֶ֖יןָ הַטַּבָּעֹ֑ת לְבָתִּ֣ים לְבַדִּ֔ים לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת הַשֻּׁלְחָֽן

Close to the frame the rings shall be, as holders for the poles to carry the table.

Elaboration (precise location and function of the rings)asyndeton
This verse pinpoints the rings' exact position (just under the ornamental frame) and restates their function with the same לָשֵׂאת formula used for the ark (v.14), binding the two portable furnishings together verbally even as their forms differ.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
לְעֻמַּת֙corresponding toprep לְ + N f sg constr · עֻמָּה (H5980)Adverbial prepositional phrase (locative/manner, fronted)עֻמָּה (H5980) 'side, corresponding part'; the idiom 'close to, alongside' precisely locates the rings relative to the frame.
הַמִּסְגֶּ֔רֶתthe frameart + N f sg abs · מִסְגֶּרֶת (H4526)Genitive complement of לְעֻמַּתמִסְגֶּרֶת (H4526) 'frame'; referring back to v.25's handbreadth rim.
תִּהְיֶ֖יןָshall beQal impf 3fp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: injunctive/durative - a fixed, required stateהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; 3fp form agreeing with the feminine plural טַבָּעֹת.
הַטַּבָּעֹ֑תthe ringsart + N f pl abs · טַבַּעַת (H2885)Subjectטַבַּעַת (H2885), subject of the clause specifying their exact location just below the frame.
לְבָתִּ֣יםas holdersprep לְ + N m pl abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Predicate complement (purpose/function)בַּיִת (H1004) 'house'; here plural 'houses/holders,' i.e., sockets receiving the poles.
לְבַדִּ֔יםfor the polesprep לְ + N m pl abs · בַּד (H905)Purpose prepositional phraseבַּד (H905) 'pole'; specifies the function of the ring-sockets - to hold the carrying poles.
לָשֵׂ֖אתto carryprep לְ + Qal inf constr · נָשָׂא (H5375)Purpose infinitive clause→ Infinitive construct: purpose - the ultimate goal of the rings and polesנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to carry'; states the rings' final purpose, matching the ark's identical purpose clause (v.14).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks הַשֻּׁלְחָן as the object of the infinitive.
הַשֻּׁלְחָֽןthe tableart + N m sg abs · שֻׁלְחָן (H7979)Direct object of לָשֵׂאתשֻׁלְחָן (H7979) 'table', now definite; the object to be carried by means of the poles.
28

וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ אֶת הַבַּדִּים֙ עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתָ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וְנִשָּׂא בָ֖ם אֶת הַשֻּׁלְחָֽן

And you shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold, and the table shall be carried by them.

Elaboration (poles finished; carrying restated)וְ
The Niphal וְנִשָּׂא ('shall be carried') closes the table's portability unit (vv.26-28) with a passive summary statement, distinct from the imperative-style instructions surrounding it, functioning almost as a result clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְעָשִׂ֤יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the table's carrying poles.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks הַבַּדִּים as the direct object.
הַבַּדִּים֙the polesart + N m pl abs · בַּד (H905)Direct objectבַּד (H905) 'pole', definite, resuming the term just introduced in v.27.
עֲצֵ֣יwood ofN m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival), material specificationעֵץ (H6086) 'wood'; specifies the poles' material.
שִׁטִּ֔יםacaciaN f pl abs · שִׁטָּה (H7848)Genitive complement of עֲצֵישִׁטָּה (H7848) 'acacia'; matching the table's own core material (v.23).
וְצִפִּיתָ֥and you shall overlayconj וְ + Piel weqatal 2ms · צָפָה (H6823)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationצָפָה (H6823) Piel 'to overlay'; the table's poles receive the same gold finish as the ark's.
אֹתָ֖םthemobj marker/Sp3mp · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, referring to the poles.
זָהָ֑בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the overlay's material.
וְנִשָּׂאand it shall be carriedconj וְ + Niphal weqatal 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (main clause, passive)→ Weqatal: injunctive/passive - the resulting use of the apparatusנָשָׂא (H5375) Niphal (passive) 'to be carried, borne'; states the eventual result of the whole apparatus just described.
בָ֖םby themprep בְּ + Sp3mpInstrumental prepositional phraseThe 3mp suffix on בְּ refers to the poles, the instrument of carrying.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks הַשֻּׁלְחָן as the object of the passive-carrying construction (an accusative retained with the passive).
הַשֻּׁלְחָֽןthe tableart + N m sg abs · שֻׁלְחָן (H7979)Retained object (of the passive verb)שֻׁלְחָן (H7979) 'table', the object to be carried, closing the table's carrying-apparatus unit.
29

וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ קְּעָרֹתָ֜יו וְכַפֹּתָ֗יו וּקְשׂוֹתָיו֙ וּמְנַקִּיֹּתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻסַּ֖ךְ בָּהֵ֑ן זָהָ֥ב טָה֖וֹר תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם

And you shall make its dishes, its ladles, its flagons, and its libation bowls, with which to pour drink offerings; of pure gold you shall make them.

Elaboration (table's service vessels)וְ
The table is not merely a display stand but the center of an ongoing meal-and-libation service; four distinct vessel types round out its furnishing before the chapter turns to what actually rests upon it (v.30).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְעָשִׂ֨יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the table's associated vessels.
קְּעָרֹתָ֜יוits dishesN f pl constr/Sp3ms · קְעָרָה (H7086)Direct objectקְעָרָה (H7086) 'dish, platter'; the large plates on which the showbread was presented (cf. Num 4:7).
וְכַפֹּתָ֗יוand its spoons/ladlesconj וְ + N f pl constr/Sp3ms · כַּף (H3709)Direct object (second item)כַּף (H3709) 'palm, spoon'; incense ladles or dishes used with the showbread, from the root meaning 'palm of the hand.'
וּקְשׂוֹתָיו֙and its flagonsconj וְ + N f pl constr/Sp3ms · קָשָׂה (H7184)Direct object (third item)קָשָׂה (H7184) 'jar, flagon'; a vessel for the drink offering associated with the table's service.
וּמְנַקִּיֹּתָ֔יוand its libation bowlsconj וְ + N f pl constr/Sp3ms · מְנַקִּית (H4518)Direct object (fourth item)מְנַקִּית (H4518) 'libation bowl'; from נָסַךְ 'to pour out' (cf. next word), used for pouring drink offerings.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwith whichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), introduces the relative clause specifying the vessels' use.
יֻסַּ֖ךְone pours outHophal impf 3ms · נָסַךְ (H5258)Relative clause predicate (passive/impersonal)→ Yiqtol: durative/characteristic - describes habitual liturgical useנָסַךְ (H5258) Hophal 'to be poured out'; describes the libation (drink offering) poured with these vessels as part of the regular table service.
בָּהֵ֑ןwith themprep בְּ + Sp3fpInstrumental prepositional phraseThe 3fp suffix on בְּ refers back to the four feminine-plural vessel-nouns just listed.
זָהָ֥בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; the specified material for all four vessel types.
טָה֖וֹרpureadj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure'; the high standard applied consistently to Holy Place furnishings.
תַּעֲשֶׂ֥הyou shall makeQal impf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (resumptive main clause)→ Yiqtol: injunctive, resuming and completing the instructionעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make', repeated to attach the material זָהָב טָהוֹר to the vessels just listed.
אֹתָֽםthemobj marker/Sp3mp · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, referring collectively to the four vessel types.
30

וְנָתַתָּ֧ עַֽל הַשֻּׁלְחָ֛ן לֶ֥חֶם פָּנִ֖ים לְפָנַ֥י תָּמִֽיד

And you shall put on the table bread of the Presence before me continually.

Purpose statement (closing the table unit)וְ
This closing verse names the table's entire raison d'etre: perpetual bread set 'before my face,' a standing symbol of Israel's covenant sustenance and continual presence before God, paralleling the sanctuary's larger theme of divine dwelling 'among them' (v.8).
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְנָתַתָּ֧and you shall putconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put'; introduces the bread that gives the table its purpose.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; marks the table as the location of the bread.
הַשֻּׁלְחָ֛ןthe tableart + N m sg abs · שֻׁלְחָן (H7979)Object of preposition עַלשֻׁלְחָן (H7979) 'table', now fully furnished and ready to receive its bread.
לֶ֥חֶםbread ofN c sg constr · לֶחֶם (H3899)Direct object (construct chain head)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'; construct with פָּנִים, forming the technical term for the showbread.
פָּנִ֖יםthe PresenceN c pl abs · פָּנִים (H6440)Genitive complement of לֶחֶםפָּנִים (H6440) 'face(s), presence'; construct phrase לֶחֶם פָּנִים, 'bread of the Presence' (traditionally 'showbread'), continually displayed before God.
לְפָנַ֥יbefore meprep לְ + N c pl constr/Sp1cs · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; idiom לְפָנַי 'before my face/presence', locating the bread perpetually in God's sight.
תָּמִֽידcontinuallyadverb · תָּמִיד (H8548)Adverbial modifier of time (frequency/duration)תָּמִיד (H8548) 'continually, regularly'; the bread is maintained in perpetuity, replaced weekly (Lev 24:5-9) but never absent.
31

וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מְנֹרַ֖ת זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר מִקְשָׁ֞ה תֵּעָשֶׂ֤ה הַמְּנוֹרָה֙ יְרֵכָ֣הּ וְקָנָ֔הּ גְּבִיעֶ֛יהָ כַּפְתֹּרֶ֥יהָ וּפְרָחֶ֖יהָ מִמֶּ֥נָּה יִהְיֽוּ

And you shall make a lampstand of pure gold; of hammered work shall the lampstand be made, its base and its shaft, its cups, its knobs, and its flowers, of one piece with it.

New section (lampstand introduced)וְ
The lampstand instructions (vv.31-40) form the chapter's most structurally detailed unit, listing five component terms (base, shaft, cups, knobs, flowers) that will be elaborated branch by branch in the following verses; מִקְשָׁה again insists on a single hammered piece, as with the cherubim (v.18).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuation, new furniture unitעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; opens the lampstand instructions (vv.31-40), the third major furniture item.
מְנֹרַ֖תa lampstand ofN f sg constr · מְנוֹרָה (H4501)Direct object (construct chain head)מְנוֹרָה (H4501) 'lampstand', from a root related to light; the seven-branched golden menorah illuminating the Holy Place.
זָהָ֣בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive complement (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; unlike the table and ark, the lampstand is described as made wholly of gold, not overlaid wood.
טָה֑וֹרpureadj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure'; the highest gold standard, matching the mercy seat and cherubim.
מִקְשָׁ֞הhammered workN f sg abs · מִקְשָׁה (H4749)Adverbial accusative (manner of manufacture)מִקְשָׁה (H4749) 'hammered/beaten work'; the entire lampstand, base through flowers, is to be raised from a single ingot by hammering, like the cherubim (v.18).
תֵּעָשֶׂ֤הshall be madeNiphal impf 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, passive)→ Yiqtol: injunctive/passive - the required manufacturing processעָשָׂה (H6213) Niphal (passive) 'to be made'; passive voice underscores the technique (hammered) as much as the agent.
הַמְּנוֹרָה֙the lampstandart + N f sg abs · מְנוֹרָה (H4501)Subjectמְנוֹרָה (H4501), now definite, subject of the passive verb.
יְרֵכָ֣הּits baseN f sg constr/Sp3fs · יָרֵךְ (H3409)Subject (apposition, listing component parts)יָרֵךְ (H3409) 'thigh, base, shaft'; the lampstand's lower pedestal/central shaft, first of its listed components.
וְקָנָ֔הּand its shaftconj וְ + N m sg constr/Sp3fs · קָנֶה (H7070)Subject (apposition, second component)קָנֶה (H7070) 'stalk, reed, branch'; here the central stem rising from the base, distinct from the six side-branches of v.32.
גְּבִיעֶ֛יהָits cupsN m pl constr/Sp3fs · גָּבִיעַ (H1375)Subject (apposition, third component)גָּבִיעַ (H1375) 'cup, calyx'; almond-blossom-shaped cups decorating the branches (detailed in v.33).
כַּפְתֹּרֶ֥יהָits knobsN m pl constr/Sp3fs · כַּפְתֹּר (H3730)Subject (apposition, fourth component)כַּפְתֹּר (H3730) 'knob, bulb'; ornamental spherical swellings alternating with the flowers along the branches.
וּפְרָחֶ֖יהָand its flowersconj וְ + N m pl constr/Sp3fs · פֶּרַח (H6525)Subject (apposition, fifth component)פֶּרַח (H6525) 'flower, blossom'; the floral ornamentation completing the almond-blossom motif of the lampstand's branches.
מִמֶּ֥נָּהfrom itprep מִן + Sp3fsPrepositional phrase (source/material continuity)מִן (H4480) 'from'; the 3fs suffix refers to the lampstand itself - every component must be integral to it, not attached.
יִהְיֽוּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, resumptive)→ Yiqtol: injunctive - required structural unityהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; closes the verse insisting all listed parts form one unbroken hammered piece with the lampstand.
32

וְשִׁשָּׁ֣ה קָנִ֔ים יֹצְאִ֖ים מִצִּדֶּ֑יהָ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה קְנֵ֣י מְנֹרָ֗ה מִצִּדָּהּ֙ הָאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙ קְנֵ֣י מְנֹרָ֔ה מִצִּדָּ֖הּ הַשֵּׁנִֽי

And six branches shall come out of its sides: three branches of the lampstand out of the one side, and three branches of the lampstand out of the other side.

Elaboration (lampstand's branch structure)וְ
The six branches divide symmetrically, three per side, establishing the classic seven-light configuration (six branches plus the central shaft) that becomes the enduring visual icon of the menorah in later Jewish tradition.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְשִׁשָּׁ֣הand sixconj וְ + numeral m sg abs · שִׁשָּׁה (H8337)Adjectival numeral modifying קָנִיםשִׁשָּׁה (H8337) 'six'; the number of branches extending from the central shaft.
קָנִ֔יםbranchesN m pl abs · קָנֶה (H7070)Subjectקָנֶה (H7070) 'branch, stalk'; here the lampstand's side-arms, distinct from the central קָנֶה of v.31.
יֹצְאִ֖יםgoing outQal ptc mp abs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate participle (attributive/predicative)→ Participle: durative - describes the branches' fixed structural configurationיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out, come forth'; describes the branches as emerging outward from the central shaft.
מִצִּדֶּ֑יהָfrom its sidesprep מִן + N m pl constr/Sp3fs · צַד (H6654)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source)צַד (H6654) 'side'; the 3fs suffix refers to the lampstand's central shaft, from whose sides the branches emerge.
שְׁלֹשָׁ֣הthreenumeral m sg abs · שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969)Adjectival numeral modifying קְנֵישְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three'; half of the six branches, grouped by side.
קְנֵ֣יbranches ofN m pl constr · קָנֶה (H7070)Construct chain (genitival)קָנֶה (H7070) 'branch'; construct with מְנֹרָה, specifying which lampstand's branches.
מְנֹרָ֗הthe lampstandN f sg abs · מְנוֹרָה (H4501)Genitive complement of קְנֵימְנוֹרָה (H4501); anarthrous here though functionally definite, referring to the lampstand under construction.
מִצִּדָּהּ֙from its sideprep מִן + N m sg constr/Sp3fs · צַד (H6654)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source)צַד (H6654) 'side'; singular, specifying one particular side of the shaft.
הָאֶחָ֔דthe oneart + numeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective modifying צִדָּהּאֶחָד (H259) 'one'; 'the one side,' paired with 'the second' below.
וּשְׁלֹשָׁה֙and threeconj וְ + numeral m sg abs · שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969)Adjectival numeral modifying קְנֵי (second item)שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three', repeated for the second triad of branches.
קְנֵ֣יbranches ofN m pl constr · קָנֶה (H7070)Construct chain (genitival)קָנֶה (H7070) 'branch', repeated for the opposite side.
מְנֹרָ֔הthe lampstandN f sg abs · מְנוֹרָה (H4501)Genitive complement of קְנֵימְנוֹרָה (H4501), repeated to complete the second triad's description.
מִצִּדָּ֖הּfrom its sideprep מִן + N m sg constr/Sp3fs · צַד (H6654)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source)צַד (H6654) 'side', repeated for the second side of the shaft.
הַשֵּׁנִֽיthe secondart + ordinal m sg abs · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Attributive adjective modifying צִדָּהּשֵׁנִי (H8145) 'second'; completes the symmetric pairing of three branches per side.
33

שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה גְ֠בִעִים מְֽשֻׁקָּדִ֞ים בַּקָּנֶ֣ה הָאֶחָד֮ כַּפְתֹּ֣ר וָפֶרַח֒ וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה גְבִעִ֗ים מְשֻׁקָּדִ֛ים בַּקָּנֶ֥ה הָאֶחָ֖ד כַּפְתֹּ֣ר וָפָ֑רַח כֵּ֚ן לְשֵׁ֣שֶׁת הַקָּנִ֔ים הַיֹּצְאִ֖ים מִן הַמְּנֹרָֽה

Three cups made like almond blossoms in one branch, a knob and a flower; and three cups made like almond blossoms in the other branch, a knob and a flower - so for the six branches going out of the lampstand.

Elaboration (detailed ornamentation of the branches)asyndeton
The almond-blossom motif (calyx, knob, flower repeated three times per branch) is specified in exhaustive, almost liturgical repetition, then generalized with כֵּן to all six branches at once - a rhetorical pattern of specify-then-generalize repeated again in v.35 for the knobs beneath the branches.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
שְׁלֹשָׁ֣הthreenumeral m sg abs · שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969)Adjectival numeral modifying גְבִעִיםשְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three'; the number of almond-cups per branch.
גְ֠בִעִיםcupsN m pl abs · גָּבִיעַ (H1375)Subjectגָּבִיעַ (H1375) 'cup, calyx'; almond-blossom-shaped decorative cups, three to a branch.
מְֽשֻׁקָּדִ֞יםmade like almond blossomsPual ptc mp abs · שָׁקַד (H8246)Attributive participle modifying גְבִעִים→ Passive participle: describes an ongoing shaped/formed stateשָׁקַד (H8246) Pual 'to be made almond-shaped', from שָׁקֵד 'almond (tree)'; the almond, first tree to blossom in Israel's late-winter, decorates each cup.
בַּקָּנֶ֣הon the branchprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · קָנֶה (H7070)Locative prepositional phraseקָנֶה (H7070) 'branch'; locates the three cups on a single arm.
הָאֶחָד֮the oneart + numeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective modifying קָנֶהאֶחָד (H259) 'one'; 'the one branch,' the first of the pattern to be described.
כַּפְתֹּ֣רa knobN m sg abs · כַּפְתֹּר (H3730)Subject (apposition, listing ornament)כַּפְתֹּר (H3730) 'knob, bulb'; alternates with the flower ornament on each branch.
וָפֶרַח֒and a flowerconj וְ + N m sg abs · פֶּרַח (H6525)Subject (apposition, listing ornament)פֶּרַח (H6525) 'flower'; paired with כַּפְתֹּר to complete the almond-blossom ornamental unit repeated on each branch.
וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣הand threeconj וְ + numeral m sg abs · שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969)Adjectival numeral modifying גְבִעִים (second item)שְׁלֹשָׁה (H7969) 'three', repeated for the next branch's cups.
גְבִעִ֗יםcupsN m pl abs · גָּבִיעַ (H1375)Subjectגָּבִיעַ (H1375) 'cup', repeated to extend the pattern to a second branch.
מְשֻׁקָּדִ֛יםmade like almond blossomsPual ptc mp abs · שָׁקַד (H8246)Attributive participle modifying גְבִעִים→ Passive participle: describes an ongoing shaped/formed stateשָׁקַד (H8246) Pual, repeated - the identical almond-blossom shaping applied uniformly to every branch's cups.
בַּקָּנֶ֥הon the branchprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · קָנֶה (H7070)Locative prepositional phraseקָנֶה (H7070) 'branch', repeated for the second arm being described.
הָאֶחָ֖דthe oneart + numeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective modifying קָנֶהאֶחָד (H259) 'one'; here referring generically to each individual branch in turn (idiomatic distributive use).
כַּפְתֹּ֣רa knobN m sg abs · כַּפְתֹּר (H3730)Subject (apposition, listing ornament)כַּפְתֹּר (H3730) 'knob', repeated per branch.
וָפָ֑רַחand a flowerconj וְ + N m sg abs · פֶּרַח (H6525)Subject (apposition, listing ornament)פֶּרַח (H6525) 'flower', repeated, completing the ornamental unit for this branch as well.
כֵּ֚ןsoadverb · כֵּן (H3651)Adverbial modifier of manner (conformity)כֵּן (H3651) 'so, thus'; signals that the same pattern just described applies uniformly to all six branches.
לְשֵׁ֣שֶׁתfor the six ofprep לְ + numeral m sg constr · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'; construct with הַקָּנִים, generalizing the cup-knob-flower pattern to all six branches at once.
הַקָּנִ֔יםthe branchesart + N m pl abs · קָנֶה (H7070)Genitive complement of לְשֵׁשֶׁתקָנֶה (H7070) 'branch', definite plural, summarizing all six arms of the lampstand.
הַיֹּצְאִ֖יםthat go outart + Qal ptc mp abs · יָצָא (H3318)Attributive participle modifying הַקָּנִים→ Participle: durative - describes their fixed configurationיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; repeats the language of v.32 describing the branches' outward emergence.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase (source)מִן (H4480) 'from'; marks the origin point of the branches.
הַמְּנֹרָֽהthe lampstandart + N f sg abs · מְנוֹרָה (H4501)Object of preposition מִןמְנוֹרָה (H4501), definite; the central structure from which all six ornamented branches extend.
34

וּבַמְּנֹרָ֖ה אַרְבָּעָ֣ה גְבִעִ֑ים מְשֻׁקָּדִ֔ים כַּפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ וּפְרָחֶֽיהָ

And on the lampstand itself there shall be four cups made like almond blossoms, with its knobs and its flowers.

Elaboration (central shaft's ornamentation)וְ
Having detailed the six side branches (vv.32-33), the text returns to the central shaft, which carries one extra cup (four rather than three) - a subtle but deliberate asymmetry marking the shaft as structurally primary.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וּבַמְּנֹרָ֖הand on the lampstandconj וְ + prep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · מְנוֹרָה (H4501)Locative prepositional phrase (fronted)מְנוֹרָה (H4501); the discourse shifts from the six branches back to the central shaft itself.
אַרְבָּעָ֣הfournumeral m sg abs · אַרְבָּעָה (H702)Adjectival numeral modifying גְבִעִיםאַרְבָּעָה (H702) 'four'; the central shaft receives one more cup than each branch (three), for a total pattern befitting its greater length.
גְבִעִ֑יםcupsN m pl abs · גָּבִיעַ (H1375)Subjectגָּבִיעַ (H1375) 'cup', repeated now for the lampstand's main shaft rather than its side branches.
מְשֻׁקָּדִ֔יםmade like almond blossomsPual ptc mp abs · שָׁקַד (H8246)Attributive participle modifying גְבִעִים→ Passive participle: describes an ongoing shaped/formed stateשָׁקַד (H8246) Pual, repeated for the shaft's four cups, maintaining the uniform almond motif throughout the lampstand.
כַּפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָits knobsN m pl constr/Sp3fs · כַּפְתֹּר (H3730)Subject (apposition)כַּפְתֹּר (H3730) 'knob'; the shaft's own set of ornamental knobs, detailed further in v.35.
וּפְרָחֶֽיהָand its flowersconj וְ + N m pl constr/Sp3fs · פֶּרַח (H6525)Subject (apposition)פֶּרַח (H6525) 'flower'; completes the shaft's own cup-knob-flower ornamentation, paralleling but distinct from the branches'.
35

וְכַפְתֹּ֡ר תַּחַת֩ שְׁנֵ֨י הַקָּנִ֜ים מִמֶּ֗נָּה וְכַפְתֹּר֙ תַּ֣חַת שְׁנֵ֤י הַקָּנִים֙ מִמֶּ֔נָּה וְכַפְתֹּ֕ר תַּחַת שְׁנֵ֥י הַקָּנִ֖ים מִמֶּ֑נָּה לְשֵׁ֨שֶׁת֙ הַקָּנִ֔ים הַיֹּצְאִ֖ים מִן הַמְּנֹרָֽה

And a knob under the first two branches of the same, and a knob under the second two branches of the same, and a knob under the third two branches of the same, according to the six branches going out of the lampstand.

Elaboration (structural knobs at the branch junctions)וְ
Three additional knobs, distinct from the decorative cup-knob-flower units of vv.33-34, mark the structural junctions where each symmetric pair of branches meets the central shaft - a repetition-then-summary pattern mirroring v.33's rhetorical shape.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וְכַפְתֹּ֡רand a knobconj וְ + N m sg abs · כַּפְתֹּר (H3730)Subjectכַּפְתֹּר (H3730) 'knob'; the first of three knobs positioned where branch-pairs meet the shaft.
תַּחַת֩underprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Locative prepositional phraseתַּחַת (H8478) 'under, beneath'; marks the knob's position at the junction below each branch-pair.
שְׁנֵ֨יthe two ofnumeral m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; construct with קָנִים, referring to the first pair of branches.
הַקָּנִ֜יםthe branchesart + N m pl abs · קָנֶה (H7070)Genitive complement of שְׁנֵיקָנֶה (H7070) 'branch', definite plural; the first symmetric pair of the six branches.
מִמֶּ֗נָּהfrom itprep מִן + Sp3fsPrepositional phrase (source)מִן (H4480) 'from'; the 3fs suffix refers to the lampstand's shaft, from which this branch-pair emerges.
וְכַפְתֹּר֙and a knobconj וְ + N m sg abs · כַּפְתֹּר (H3730)Subject (second item)כַּפְתֹּר (H3730), repeated for the second junction knob.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Locative prepositional phraseתַּחַת (H8478) 'under', repeated for the second pair's position.
שְׁנֵ֤יthe two ofnumeral m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; construct with the second pair of branches.
הַקָּנִים֙the branchesart + N m pl abs · קָנֶה (H7070)Genitive complement of שְׁנֵיקָנֶה (H7070) 'branch', repeated for the middle pair.
מִמֶּ֔נָּהfrom itprep מִן + Sp3fsPrepositional phrase (source)מִן (H4480), repeated, again referring to the central shaft.
וְכַפְתֹּ֕רand a knobconj וְ + N m sg abs · כַּפְתֹּר (H3730)Subject (third item)כַּפְתֹּר (H3730), the third and final junction knob.
תַּחַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Locative prepositional phraseתַּחַת (H8478), repeated for the third pair's position.
שְׁנֵ֥יthe two ofnumeral m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; construct with the third and final pair of branches.
הַקָּנִ֖יםthe branchesart + N m pl abs · קָנֶה (H7070)Genitive complement of שְׁנֵיקָנֶה (H7070) 'branch', completing the third pair.
מִמֶּ֑נָּהfrom itprep מִן + Sp3fsPrepositional phrase (source)מִן (H4480), repeated a third time, again pointing to the shaft as the source of all three branch-pairs.
לְשֵׁ֨שֶׁת֙for the six ofprep לְ + numeral m sg constr · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'; generalizing statement summing the three knobs to the whole six-branch structure.
הַקָּנִ֔יםthe branchesart + N m pl abs · קָנֶה (H7070)Genitive complement of לְשֵׁשֶׁתקָנֶה (H7070) 'branch', definite plural, summarizing all six arms.
הַיֹּצְאִ֖יםthat go outart + Qal ptc mp abs · יָצָא (H3318)Attributive participle modifying הַקָּנִים→ Participle: durative - fixed configurationיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; repeats the recurring formula describing the branches' emergence from the shaft.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase (source)מִן (H4480) 'from'; marks the branches' point of origin.
הַמְּנֹרָֽהthe lampstandart + N f sg abs · מְנוֹרָה (H4501)Object of preposition מִןמְנוֹרָה (H4501), definite; closes the verse's threefold description of the junction-knobs supporting the three branch-pairs.
36

כַּפְתֹּרֵיהֶ֥ם וּקְנֹתָ֖ם מִמֶּ֣נָּה יִהְי֑וּ כֻּלָּ֛הּ מִקְשָׁ֥ה אַחַ֖ת זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר

Their knobs and their branches shall be of the same; all of it shall be one hammered work of pure gold.

Summary statement (structural unity of the lampstand)asyndeton
This verse closes the branch-description unit (vv.31-36) with an emphatic summary - כֻּלָּהּ מִקְשָׁה אַחַת, 'all of it one hammered work' - insisting that base, shaft, branches, cups, knobs, and flowers together form a single unbroken mass of pure gold, not an assembly of separate parts.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כַּפְתֹּרֵיהֶ֥םtheir knobsN m pl constr/Sp3mp · כַּפְתֹּר (H3730)Subjectכַּפְתֹּר (H3730) 'knob'; the 3mp suffix refers back collectively to the six branches of vv.32-35.
וּקְנֹתָ֖םand their branchesconj וְ + N m pl constr/Sp3mp · קָנֶה (H7070)Subject (coordinate)קָנֶה (H7070) 'branch', with 3mp suffix, paired with כַּפְתֹּרֵיהֶם as the summary subject.
מִמֶּ֣נָּהfrom itprep מִן + Sp3fsPrepositional phrase (source)מִן (H4480) 'from'; the 3fs suffix refers to the lampstand (מְנוֹרָה is feminine), reasserting structural unity.
יִהְי֑וּshall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: injunctive - required structural unityהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'; states that knobs and branches alike must originate from the single lampstand mass.
כֻּלָּ֛הּall of itN f sg constr/Sp3fs · כֹּל (H3605)Subject (resumptive, emphatic)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'; with 3fs suffix, 'the whole of it,' emphatically summarizing the entire lampstand.
מִקְשָׁ֥הhammered workN f sg abs · מִקְשָׁה (H4749)Predicate nominative (apposition)מִקְשָׁה (H4749) 'hammered work'; repeats the key manufacturing term of v.31, bracketing the branch-and-shaft description.
אַחַ֖תonenumeral f sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Attributive adjective modifying מִקְשָׁהאֶחָד (H259) 'one'; 'one hammered work' - the entire lampstand as a single unbroken piece of gold.
זָהָ֥בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; restates the material one final time as the description closes.
טָהֽוֹרpureadj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure'; the concluding affirmation of the lampstand's material purity, matching v.31.
37

וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶת נֵרֹתֶ֖יהָ שִׁבְעָ֑ה וְהֶֽעֱלָה֙ אֶת נֵ֣רֹתֶ֔יהָ וְהֵאִ֖יר עַל עֵ֥בֶר פָּנֶֽיהָ

And you shall make its seven lamps, and he shall set up its lamps so that they give light in front of it.

Elaboration (lamps and their function)וְ
Having built the golden frame (vv.31-36), the text now adds the seven lamps that give the lampstand its name and purpose, with the third-person וְהֶעֱלָה shifting briefly to describe the priest's ongoing maintenance duty (cf. 27:20-21; 30:7-8).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְעָשִׂ֥יתָand you shall makeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuationעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; introduces the lampstand's lamps proper, distinct from the branch-structure just detailed.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks נֵרֹתֶיהָ as the direct object.
נֵרֹתֶ֖יהָits lampsN m pl constr/Sp3fs · נֵר (H5216)Direct objectנֵר (H5216) 'lamp'; the small oil-lamps set atop each branch and the shaft, distinct from מְנוֹרָה the stand itself.
שִׁבְעָ֑הsevennumeral f sg abs · שִׁבְעָה (H7651)Adjectival numeral modifying נֵרֹתֶיהָשִׁבְעָה (H7651) 'seven'; one lamp per branch (six) plus the central shaft, totaling the classic seven lights.
וְהֶֽעֱלָה֙and he shall set up/lightconj וְ + Hiphil weqatal 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuation, subject shift to the priestעָלָה (H5927) Hiphil 'to cause to go up, mount, kindle'; used idiomatically for tending/lighting lamps (cf. 27:20-21), the priest's ongoing duty.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853), marks נֵרֹתֶיהָ as the object of וְהֶעֱלָה.
נֵ֣רֹתֶ֔יהָits lampsN m pl constr/Sp3fs · נֵר (H5216)Direct objectנֵר (H5216) 'lamp', repeated as the object being lit/set up.
וְהֵאִ֖ירand it shall give lightconj וְ + Hiphil weqatal 3ms · אוֹר (H215)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Weqatal: injunctive continuation - the resulting purpose of the lightingאוֹר (H215) Hiphil 'to give light, cause to shine'; states the functional purpose of the seven lamps once lit.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'on, toward'; marks the direction the light is cast.
עֵ֥בֶרthe side/region ofN m sg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Genitive complement, object of preposition עַלעֵבֶר (H5676) 'side, region, opposite part'; construct with פָּנֶיהָ, describing the direction the lamps illuminate.
פָּנֶֽיהָits faceN c pl constr/Sp3fs · פָּנִים (H6440)Genitive complement of עֵבֶרפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; idiom 'the space in front of it,' likely describing the branches' lamps angled to shine forward/inward (cf. Num 8:2).
38

וּמַלְקָחֶ֥יהָ וּמַחְתֹּתֶ֖יהָ זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר

And its tongs and its firepans shall be of pure gold.

Elaboration (lampstand's maintenance tools)וְ
Even the utilitarian trimming tools are specified in pure gold, extending the lampstand's holiness to its complete set of accessories, much as the table's service vessels were specified in v.29.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
וּמַלְקָחֶ֥יהָand its tongsconj וְ + N m dual constr/Sp3fs · מֶלְקָחַיִם (H4457)Subjectמֶלְקָחַיִם (H4457) 'tongs, snuffers' (dual form); used for trimming the wicks of the seven lamps.
וּמַחְתֹּתֶ֖יהָand its firepansconj וְ + N f pl constr/Sp3fs · מַחְתָּה (H4289)Subject (coordinate)מַחְתָּה (H4289) 'firepan, snuff dish, censer'; the trays for catching burnt wick-trimmings or carrying coals.
זָהָ֥בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Predicate/adverbial accusative (material)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; even the lampstand's maintenance tools share its precious material.
טָהֽוֹרpureadj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure'; the same exacting purity standard extended to the smallest accessory tools.
39

כִּכָּ֛ר זָהָ֥ב טָה֖וֹר יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑הּ אֵ֥ת כָּל הַכֵּלִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה

Of a talent of pure gold shall it be made, with all these vessels.

Summary statement (total material cost)asyndeton
This verse closes the lampstand section (vv.31-39) with a costing note - a single talent of pure gold suffices for the entire hammered structure and its accessory tools - paralleling how metal totals are itemized again in the tabernacle accounting of ch. 38.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כִּכָּ֛רa talent ofN c sg abs · כִּכָּר (H3603)Adverbial accusative (measure of material, fronted)כִּכָּר (H3603) 'talent' (a weight, roughly 75 lbs/34 kg), also 'round loaf/disk'; specifies the total quantity of gold allotted for the entire lampstand and its vessels.
זָהָ֥בgoldN m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Genitive complement of כִּכָּרזָהָב (H2091) 'gold'; specifies the substance being weighed out.
טָה֖וֹרpureadj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Attributive adjective modifying זָהָבטָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure'; the final restatement of the purity standard governing the entire lampstand unit.
יַעֲשֶׂ֣הhe shall makeQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause, injunctive)→ Yiqtol: injunctive - the craftsman's binding taskעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; 3ms subject (the unnamed craftsman, cf. Bezalel in 31:1-5) closes the lampstand instructions with the total cost of materials.
אֹתָ֑הּitobj marker/Sp3fs · אֵת (H853)Direct objectאֵת (H853) with 3fs suffix, referring to the lampstand (מְנוֹרָה).
אֵ֥תwithprep · אֵת (H854)Prepositional phrase (comitative/inclusive)אֵת (H854) 'with, together with'; distinct from the object-marker spelled identically, here indicating that the one talent covers the lampstand together with all its implements.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival), quantifierכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; comprehensive scope covering every accessory just listed.
הַכֵּלִ֖יםthe vessels/implementsart + N m pl abs · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive complement of כָּלכְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, implement'; summarizing tongs, firepans, and by extension the whole lampstand assembly.
הָאֵֽלֶּהtheseart + demonstrative pron cp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Attributive adjective modifying הַכֵּלִיםאֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'; closes the lampstand unit with a demonstrative summarizing everything just enumerated.
40

וּרְאֵ֖ה וַעֲשֵׂ֑ה בְּתַ֨בְנִיתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר אַתָּ֥ה מָרְאֶ֖ה בָּהָֽר

And see that you make them according to their pattern, which was shown you on the mountain.

Concluding refrain (inclusio with v.9)asyndeton
This verse closes the furniture section with the same תַּבְנִית ('pattern') vocabulary that opened it in v.9, forming a deliberate inclusio; the shift from God's active מַרְאֶה ('I am showing') to the passive מָרְאֶה ('you are being shown') underscores Moses's role as faithful recipient and transmitter, not innovator, of the heavenly design - a refrain echoed later at 26:30 and Heb 8:5.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וּרְאֵ֖הand seeconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: direct commandרָאָה (H7200) Qal 'to see, look, observe'; a final imperative recalling Moses's visionary encounter with the heavenly archetype.
וַעֲשֵׂ֑הand makeconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: direct commandעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; paired with וּרְאֵה, joining perception and execution as the chapter's final command.
בְּתַ֨בְנִיתָ֔םaccording to their patternprep בְּ + N f sg constr/Sp3mp · תַּבְנִית (H8403)Adverbial prepositional phrase (norm/standard)תַּבְנִית (H8403) 'pattern, model'; recurs from v.9, now closing the chapter's furniture instructions with an inclusio on the same term.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), introduces the relative clause specifying the pattern's origin.
אַתָּ֥הyouindependent pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Subject (emphatic, resumed by participle)אַתָּה (H859) '2ms pronoun'; explicit subject pronoun emphasizes that Moses himself is the one being shown, echoing אֲנִי in v.9.
מָרְאֶ֖הare being shownHophal ptc ms abs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (participle, passive)→ Participle: durative present, passive - an act of revelation in progressרָאָה (H7200) Hophal (passive) 'to be shown, caused to see'; the passive counterpart to God's Hiphil מַרְאֶה in v.9 - Moses is the recipient of the vision, not its agent.
בָּהָֽרon the mountainprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · הַר (H2022)Locative prepositional phraseהַר (H2022) 'mountain'; Sinai, the site of the theophany where the heavenly תַּבְנִית was disclosed to Moses (cf. 24:15-18).