Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Ecclesiastes, Chapter 9קהלת 9

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Ecclesiastes 9 (18 verses in the MT) opens: For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, in the hand of God: no man knoweth either love or hatred all before them. The middle of the chapter continues: Whatsoever your hand findeth to do, do with your might; for no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither you goest. It closes: Wisdom better than weapons of war: but one sinner destroyeth much good.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Ecclesiastes 9 comprises 18 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the. For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, in the hand of God: no man knoweth either love or hatred all before them. All alike to all: one event to the righteous, and to the wicked; to the good and to the clean, and to the unclean; to him that sacrificeth, and to him that sacrificeth. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing. For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten. Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any that is done under the sun. Go your way, eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — Live joyfully with the wife whom you lovest all the days of the life of. Live joyfully with the wife whom you lovest all the days of the life of your vanity, which he has given you under the sun, all the days of your vanity: for that your portion in life, and in your labour which you takest under the sun. Whatsoever your hand findeth to do, do with your might; for no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave,. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — This wisdom have I seen also under the sun, and it great to me:. This wisdom have I seen also under the sun, and it great to me: a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it: Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that same poor man. Then said I, Wisdom better than. Movement V (vv. 17-18) — The words of wise heard in quiet more than the cry of him that ruleth am. The words of wise heard in quiet more than the cry of him that ruleth among fools. Wisdom better than weapons of war: but one sinner destroyeth much good. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

כִּ֣י אֶת כָּל זֶ֞ה נָתַ֤תִּי אֶל לִבִּי֙ וְלָב֣וּר אֶת כָּל זֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הַצַּדִּיקִ֧ים וְהַחֲכָמִ֛ים וַעֲבָדֵיהֶ֖ם בְּיַ֣ד הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים גַּֽם אַהֲבָ֣ה גַם שִׂנְאָ֗ה אֵ֤ין יוֹדֵ֨עַ֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם הַכֹּ֖ל לִפְנֵיהֶֽם

For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the righteous, and the wise, and their works, in the hand of God: no man knoweth either love or hatred all before them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have given'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
זֶ֞הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
נָתַ֤תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'I have given'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
לִבִּי֙my heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
וְלָב֣וּרandconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · בּוּר (H952)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוּר (H952) 'and'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
זֶ֔הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הַצַּדִּיקִ֧יםrighteousart + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
וְהַחֲכָמִ֛יםwise [of]conj וְ + art + Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
וַעֲבָדֵיהֶ֖םandconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · עֲבָד (H5652)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲבָד (H5652) 'and'.
בְּיַ֣דby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
הָאֱלֹהִ֑יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
גַּֽםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אַהֲבָ֣הout of the love ofN c · אַהֲבָה (H160)Construct chain (genitival)אַהֲבָה (H160) 'out of the love of'.
גַםalsoart · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
שִׂנְאָ֗הbecause of the hatred ofN c · שִׂנְאָה (H8135)Construct chain (genitival)שִׂנְאָה (H8135) 'because of the hatred of'.
אֵ֤יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
יוֹדֵ֨עַ֙shall it be knownQal ptc ms · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'shall it be known'.
הָֽאָדָ֔םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
הַכֹּ֖לeverythingart + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'everything'.
לִפְנֵיהֶֽםbefore themprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before them'.
2

הַכֹּ֞ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר לַכֹּ֗ל מִקְרֶ֨ה אֶחָ֜ד לַצַּדִּ֤יק וְלָרָשָׁע֙ לַטּוֹב֙ וְלַטָּה֣וֹר וְלַטָּמֵ֔א וְלַזֹּבֵ֔חַ וְלַאֲשֶׁ֖ר אֵינֶ֣נּוּ זֹבֵ֑חַ כַּטּוֹב֙ כַּֽחֹטֶ֔א הַנִּשְׁבָּ֕ע כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר שְׁבוּעָ֥ה יָרֵֽא

All alike to all: one event to the righteous, and to the wicked; to the good and to the clean, and to the unclean; to him that sacrificeth, and to him that sacrificeth not: as the good, so the sinner; he that sweareth, as that feareth an oath.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'to sacrifice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
הַכֹּ֞לeverythingart + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'everything'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
לַכֹּ֗לto allprep + art + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
מִקְרֶ֨הsomething befallenN c · מִקְרֶה (H4745)Construct chain (genitival)מִקְרֶה (H4745) 'something befallen'.
אֶחָ֜דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
לַצַּדִּ֤יקrighteousprep + art + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
וְלָרָשָׁע֙the wickedconj וְ + prep + art + Adj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
לַטּוֹב֙for goodprep + art + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'for good'.
וְלַטָּה֣וֹרpureconj וְ + prep + art + Adj · טָהוֹר (H2889)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָהוֹר (H2889) 'pure'.
וְלַטָּמֵ֔אuncleanconj וְ + prep + art + Adj · טָמֵא (H2931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'.
וְלַזֹּבֵ֔חַto sacrificeconj וְ + prep + art + Qal ptc ms · זָבַח (H2076)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָבַח (H2076) 'to sacrifice'.
וְלַאֲשֶׁ֖רand for those whoconj וְ + prep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and for those who'.
אֵינֶ֣נּוּis notneg. + sfx 3ms · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'is not'.
זֹבֵ֑חַsacrificeQal ptc ms · זָבַח (H2076)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָבַח (H2076) 'sacrifice'.
כַּטּוֹב֙as is goodprep + art + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'as is good'.
כַּֽחֹטֶ֔אsinsprep + art + Qal ptc ms · חָטָא (H2398)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָטָא (H2398) 'sins'.
הַנִּשְׁבָּ֕עhe sworeart + Niphal ptc ms · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנִשְׁבַּע (H7650) 'he swore'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
שְׁבוּעָ֥הthe oathN c · שְׁבוּעָה (H7621)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁבוּעָה (H7621) 'the oath'.
יָרֵֽאhe was afraidQal ptc ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרֵא (H3372) 'he was afraid'.
3

זֶ֣ה רָ֗ע בְּכֹ֤ל אֲשֶֽׁר נַעֲשָׂה֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ כִּֽי מִקְרֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד לַכֹּ֑ל וְגַ֣ם לֵ֣ב בְּֽנֵי הָ֠אָדָם מָלֵא רָ֨ע וְהוֹלֵל֤וֹת בִּלְבָבָם֙ בְּחַיֵּיהֶ֔ם וְאַחֲרָ֖יו אֶל הַמֵּתִֽים

This an evil among all that are done under the sun, that one event to all: yea, also the heart of the sons of men is full of evil, and madness in their heart while they live, and after that to the dead.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he wholly followed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
רָ֗עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
בְּכֹ֤לin allprep + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
אֲשֶֽׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נַעֲשָׂה֙we will doN · עָשָׂה (H6213)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׂה (H6213) 'we will do'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִקְרֶ֥הsomething befallenN c · מִקְרֶה (H4745)Construct chain (genitival)מִקְרֶה (H4745) 'something befallen'.
אֶחָ֖דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
לַכֹּ֑לto allprep + art + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
וְגַ֣םand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
לֵ֣בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
בְּֽנֵיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
הָ֠אָדָםthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
מָלֵאhe wholly followedQal perf 3ms · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלֵא (H4390) 'he wholly followed'.
רָ֨עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
וְהוֹלֵל֤וֹתandconj וְ + N com f pl abs · הוֹלֵלָה (H1947)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הוֹלֵלָה (H1947) 'and'.
בִּלְבָבָם֙in their heartprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · לֵבָב (H3824)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵבָב (H3824) 'in their heart'.
בְּחַיֵּיהֶ֔םaliveprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
וְאַחֲרָ֖יוand after itconj וְ + prep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'and after it'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַמֵּתִֽיםthe deadart + Qal ptc mp · מוּת (H4191)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמוּת (H4191) 'the dead'.
4

כִּי מִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יבחר יְחֻבַּ֔ר אֶ֥ל כָּל הַחַיִּ֖ים יֵ֣שׁ בִּטָּח֑וֹן כִּֽי לְכֶ֤לֶב חַי֙ ה֣וּא ט֔וֹב מִן הָאַרְיֵ֖ה הַמֵּֽת

For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope: for a living dog is better than a dead lion.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he will choose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִי֙whointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יבחרhe will choosePual impf 3ms · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּחַר (H977) 'he will choose'.
יְחֻבַּ֔רand you shall joinPual impf 3ms · חָבַר (H2266)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָבַר (H2266) 'and you shall join'.
אֶ֥לtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַחַיִּ֖יםlifeart + Adj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'life'.
יֵ֣שׁthere isadv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'there is'.
בִּטָּח֑וֹןconfidenceN c · בִּטָּחוֹן (H986)Construct chain (genitival)בִּטָּחוֹן (H986) 'confidence'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לְכֶ֤לֶבto the dogprep + N com m sg abs · כֶּלֶב (H3611)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּלֶב (H3611) 'to the dog'.
חַי֙aliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
ה֣וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
ט֔וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הָאַרְיֵ֖הa lionart + N com m sg abs · אַרְיֵה (H738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
הַמֵּֽתthe one to dieart + Qal ptc ms · מוּת (H4191)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמוּת (H4191) 'the one to die'.
5

כִּ֧י הַֽחַיִּ֛ים יוֹדְעִ֖ים שֶׁיָּמֻ֑תוּ וְהַמֵּתִ֞ים אֵינָ֧ם יוֹדְעִ֣ים מְא֗וּמָה וְאֵֽין ע֤וֹד לָהֶם֙ שָׂכָ֔ר כִּ֥י נִשְׁכַּ֖ח זִכְרָֽם

For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'I know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כִּ֧יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הַֽחַיִּ֛יםlifeart + Adj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'life'.
יוֹדְעִ֖יםI knowQal ptc mp · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
שֶׁיָּמֻ֑תוּand he diedrel. שֶׁ + Qal impf 3mp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
וְהַמֵּתִ֞יםand he diedconj וְ + art + Qal ptc mp · מוּת (H4191)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
אֵינָ֧םthere is notneg. + sfx 3mp · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
יוֹדְעִ֣יםI knowQal ptc mp · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
מְא֗וּמָהanythingN c · מְאוּמָה (H3972)Construct chain (genitival)מְאוּמָה (H3972) 'anything'.
וְאֵֽיןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
ע֤וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
שָׂכָ֔רthe wage ofN c · שָׂכָר (H7939)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂכָר (H7939) 'the wage of'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִשְׁכַּ֖חyou forgetN · שָׁכַח (H7911)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁכַח (H7911) 'you forget'.
זִכְרָֽםtheir remembranceN c · זֵכֶר (H2143)Construct chain (genitival)זֵכֶר (H2143) 'their remembrance'.
6

גַּ֣ם אַהֲבָתָ֧ם גַּם שִׂנְאָתָ֛ם גַּם קִנְאָתָ֖ם כְּבָ֣ר אָבָ֑דָה וְחֵ֨לֶק אֵין לָהֶ֥ם עוֹד֙ לְעוֹלָ֔ם בְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶֽׁר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ

Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any that is done under the sun.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'is perishing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
גַּ֣םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אַהֲבָתָ֧םout of the love ofN c · אַהֲבָה (H160)Construct chain (genitival)אַהֲבָה (H160) 'out of the love of'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
שִׂנְאָתָ֛םbecause of the hatred ofN c · שִׂנְאָה (H8135)Construct chain (genitival)שִׂנְאָה (H8135) 'because of the hatred of'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
קִנְאָתָ֖םof jealousyN c · קִנְאָה (H7068)Construct chain (genitival)קִנְאָה (H7068) 'of jealousy'.
כְּבָ֣רalreadyart · כְּבָר (H3528)Particle or relational elementכְּבָר (H3528) 'already'.
אָבָ֑דָהis perishingQal perf 3fs · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבַד (H6) 'is perishing'.
וְחֵ֨לֶקand the share ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חֵלֶק (H2506)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵלֶק (H2506) 'and the share of'.
אֵיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
לָהֶ֥םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
עוֹד֙againart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
לְעוֹלָ֔םforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
בְּכֹ֥לin allprep + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
אֲשֶֽׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נַעֲשָׂ֖הwe will doN · עָשָׂה (H6213)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׂה (H6213) 'we will do'.
תַּ֥חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
7

לֵ֣ךְ אֱכֹ֤ל בְּשִׂמְחָה֙ לַחְמֶ֔ךָ וּֽשֲׁתֵ֥ה בְלֶב ט֖וֹב יֵינֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י כְבָ֔ר רָצָ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶֽת מַעֲשֶֽׂיךָ

Go your way, eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with a merry heart; for God now accepteth your works.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
לֵ֣ךְgoQal impv 2ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'go'.
אֱכֹ֤לeatsQal impv 2ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָכַל (H398) 'eats'.
בְּשִׂמְחָה֙with joyprep + N com f sg abs · שִׂמְחָה (H8057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׂמְחָה (H8057) 'with joy'.
לַחְמֶ֔ךָyour breadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'your bread'.
וּֽשֲׁתֵ֥הand ... will drinkconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁתָה (H8354) 'and ... will drink'.
בְלֶבin the heart ofprep + N com m sg constr · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'in the heart of'.
ט֖וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
יֵינֶ֑ךָwineN c · יַיִן (H3196)Construct chain (genitival)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כְבָ֔רalreadyart · כְּבָר (H3528)Particle or relational elementכְּבָר (H3528) 'already'.
רָצָ֥הit shall be acceptedQal perf 3ms · רָצָה (H7521)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָצָה (H7521) 'it shall be accepted'.
הָאֱלֹהִ֖יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מַעֲשֶֽׂיךָyour laborsN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'your labors'.
8

בְּכָל עֵ֕ת יִהְי֥וּ בְגָדֶ֖יךָ לְבָנִ֑ים וְשֶׁ֖מֶן עַל רֹאשְׁךָ֥ אַל יֶחְסָֽר

Let your garments be always white; and let your head lack no ointment.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
עֵ֕תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
יִהְי֥וּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
בְגָדֶ֖יךָhis garmentsN c · בֶּגֶד (H899)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'his garments'.
לְבָנִ֑יםwhiteAdj · לָבָן (H3836)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָבָן (H3836) 'white'.
וְשֶׁ֖מֶןand oilconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'and oil'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רֹאשְׁךָ֥your headN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'your head'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
יֶחְסָֽרhe lacksQal jussive 3ms · חָסֵר (H2637)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalחָסֵר (H2637) 'he lacks'.
9

רְאֵ֨ה חַיִּ֜ים עִם אִשָּׁ֣ה אֲשֶׁר אָהַ֗בְתָּ כָּל יְמֵי֙ חַיֵּ֣י הֶבְלֶ֔ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתַן לְךָ֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י הֶבְלֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י ה֤וּא חֶלְקְךָ֙ בַּֽחַיִּ֔ים וּבַעֲמָ֣לְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁר אַתָּ֥ה עָמֵ֖ל תַּ֥חַת הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ

Live joyfully with the wife whom you lovest all the days of the life of your vanity, which he has given you under the sun, all the days of your vanity: for that your portion in life, and in your labour which you takest under the sun.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'see'.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
רְאֵ֨הseeQal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
חַיִּ֜יםaliveN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אִשָּׁ֣הa womanN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'a woman'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
אָהַ֗בְתָּyou loveQal perf 2ms · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָהַב (H157) 'you love'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יְמֵי֙the days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
חַיֵּ֣יthe life ofN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'the life of'.
הֶבְלֶ֔ךָwith their idolsN c · הֶבֶל (H1892)Construct chain (genitival)הֶבֶל (H1892) 'with their idols'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נָֽתַןis givingQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
לְךָ֙to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
כֹּ֖לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יְמֵ֣יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
הֶבְלֶ֑ךָwith their idolsN c · הֶבֶל (H1892)Construct chain (genitival)הֶבֶל (H1892) 'with their idols'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ה֤וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
חֶלְקְךָ֙your portionN c · חֵלֶק (H2506)Construct chain (genitival)חֵלֶק (H2506) 'your portion'.
בַּֽחַיִּ֔יםlifeprep + art + N com m pl abs · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'life'.
וּבַעֲמָ֣לְךָ֔troubleconj וְ + prep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · עָמָל (H5999)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
אַתָּ֥הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
עָמֵ֖לworkmenAdj · עָמֵל (H6001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמֵל (H6001) 'workmen'.
תַּ֥חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
10

כֹּ֠ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֧א יָֽדְךָ֛ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת בְּכֹחֲךָ֖ עֲשֵׂ֑ה כִּי֩ אֵ֨ין מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְדַ֣עַת וְחָכְמָ֔ה בִּשְׁא֕וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה הֹלֵ֥ךְ שָֽׁמָּה

Whatsoever your hand findeth to do, do with your might; for no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither you goest.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'she finds'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כֹּ֠לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
תִּמְצָ֧אshe findsQal impf 3fs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'she finds'.
יָֽדְךָ֛your handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hand'.
לַעֲשׂ֥וֹתto doprep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'.
בְּכֹחֲךָ֖by your powerprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · כֹּחַ (H3581)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'by your power'.
עֲשֵׂ֑הhe didQal impv 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֨יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מַעֲשֶׂ֤הthe work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן֙andconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2808)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2808) 'and'.
וְדַ֣עַתthe knowledge ofconj וְ + N com f sg abs · דַּעַת (H1847)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּעַת (H1847) 'the knowledge of'.
וְחָכְמָ֔הwisdomconj וְ + N com f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
בִּשְׁא֕וֹלSheolprep + N proper · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
אַתָּ֖הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
הֹלֵ֥ךְwentQal ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
שָֽׁמָּהthereart + Sd · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
11

שַׁ֜בְתִּי וְרָאֹ֣ה תַֽחַת הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֣י לֹא֩ לַקַּלִּ֨ים הַמֵּר֜וֹץ וְלֹ֧א לַגִּבּוֹרִ֣ים הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְ֠גַם לֹ֣א לַחֲכָמִ֥ים לֶ֨חֶם֙ וְגַ֨ם לֹ֤א לַנְּבֹנִים֙ עֹ֔שֶׁר וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א לַיֹּדְעִ֖ים חֵ֑ן כִּי עֵ֥ת וָפֶ֖גַע יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת כֻּלָּֽם

I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he returned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
שַׁ֜בְתִּיand he returnedQal perf 1cs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
וְרָאֹ֣הshall examineconj וְ + Qal inf abs · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָאָה (H7200) 'shall examine'.
תַֽחַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹא֩notneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לַקַּלִּ֨יםlightprep + art + Adj · קַל (H7031)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קַל (H7031) 'light'.
הַמֵּר֜וֹץraceart + N com m sg abs · מֵרוֹץ (H4793)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵרוֹץ (H4793) 'race'.
וְלֹ֧אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
לַגִּבּוֹרִ֣יםmightyprep + art + Adj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
הַמִּלְחָמָ֗הthe warart + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'the war'.
וְ֠גַםand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לַחֲכָמִ֥יםthe wise menprep + art + Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'the wise men'.
לֶ֨חֶם֙breadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
וְגַ֨םand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לַנְּבֹנִים֙discerningprep + art + Niphal ptc mp · בִּין (H995)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
עֹ֔שֶׁרthe wealthN c · עֹשֶׁר (H6239)Construct chain (genitival)עֹשֶׁר (H6239) 'the wealth'.
וְגַ֛םand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לַיֹּדְעִ֖יםI knowprep + art + Qal ptc mp · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
חֵ֑ןfavorN c · חֵן (H2580)Construct chain (genitival)חֵן (H2580) 'favor'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עֵ֥תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
וָפֶ֖גַעchanceconj וְ + N com m sg abs · פֶּגַע (H6294)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּגַע (H6294) 'chance'.
יִקְרֶ֥הhe will meetQal impf 3ms · קָרָה (H7136)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָה (H7136) 'he will meet'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כֻּלָּֽםall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
12

כִּ֡י גַּם֩ לֹֽא יֵדַ֨ע הָאָדָ֜ם אֶת עִתּ֗וֹ כַּדָּגִים֙ שֶׁנֶּֽאֱחָזִים֙ בִּמְצוֹדָ֣ה רָעָ֔ה וְכַ֨צִּפֳּרִ֔ים הָאֲחֻז֖וֹת בַּפָּ֑ח כָּהֵ֗ם יֽוּקָשִׁים֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָֽאָדָ֔ם לְעֵ֣ת רָעָ֔ה כְּשֶׁתִּפּ֥וֹל עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם פִּתְאֹֽם

For man also knoweth not his time: as the fishes that are taken in an evil net, and as the birds that are caught in the snare; so the sons of men snared in an evil time, when it falleth suddenly upon them.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he knew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
כִּ֡יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גַּם֩alsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יֵדַ֨עhe knewQal impf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
הָאָדָ֜םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עִתּ֗וֹat the timeN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
כַּדָּגִים֙fish ofprep + art + N com m pl abs · דָּג (H1709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּג (H1709) 'fish of'.
שֶׁנֶּֽאֱחָזִים֙and they took holdrel. שֶׁ + Niphal ptc mp · אָחַז (H270)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָחַז (H270) 'and they took hold'.
בִּמְצוֹדָ֣הandprep + N com f sg abs · מָצוֹד (H4685)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָצוֹד (H4685) 'and'.
רָעָ֔הevilAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
וְכַ֨צִּפֳּרִ֔יםthe birdconj וְ + prep + art + N com c pl abs · צִפּוֹר (H6833)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִפּוֹר (H6833) 'the bird'.
הָאֲחֻז֖וֹתand they took holdart + Qal ptc fp · אָחַז (H270)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָחַז (H270) 'and they took hold'.
בַּפָּ֑חsheets ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · פַּח (H6341)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּח (H6341) 'sheets of'.
כָּהֵ֗םtheyprep + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
יֽוּקָשִׁים֙you be ensnaredPual ptc mp · יָקֹשׁ (H3369)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָקֹשׁ (H3369) 'you be ensnared'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
הָֽאָדָ֔םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
לְעֵ֣תat the time ofprep + N com c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time of'.
רָעָ֔הevilAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
כְּשֶׁתִּפּ֥וֹלand he fellprep + rel. שֶׁ + Qal impf 3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֖םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
פִּתְאֹֽםsuddenlyart · פִּתְאֹם (H6597)Particle or relational elementפִּתְאֹם (H6597) 'suddenly'.
13

גַּם זֹ֛ה רָאִ֥יתִי חָכְמָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וּגְדוֹלָ֥ה הִ֖יא אֵלָֽי

This wisdom have I seen also under the sun, and it great to me:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
זֹ֛הas / likedem. pron xms · זֹה (H2090)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹה (H2090) 'as / like'.
רָאִ֥יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
חָכְמָ֖הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
וּגְדוֹלָ֥הgreatconj וְ + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
הִ֖יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
אֵלָֽיto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
14

עִ֣יר קְטַנָּ֔ה וַאֲנָשִׁ֥ים בָּ֖הּ מְעָ֑ט וּבָֽא אֵלֶ֜יהָ מֶ֤לֶךְ גָּדוֹל֙ וְסָבַ֣ב אֹתָ֔הּ וּבָנָ֥ה עָלֶ֖יהָ מְצוֹדִ֥ים גְּדֹלִֽים

a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he shall come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
עִ֣ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
קְטַנָּ֔הa small thingAdj · קָטֹן (H6996)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָטֹן (H6996) 'a small thing'.
וַאֲנָשִׁ֥יםand menconj וְ + N com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and men'.
בָּ֖הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
מְעָ֑טa littleN c · מְעַט (H4592)Construct chain (genitival)מְעַט (H4592) 'a little'.
וּבָֽאand he shall comeconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'and he shall come'.
אֵלֶ֜יהָto herprep + sfx 3fs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to her'.
מֶ֤לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
גָּדוֹל֙greatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
וְסָבַ֣בand they marched aroundconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָבַב (H5437) 'and they marched around'.
אֹתָ֔הּitobj marker + sfx 3fs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'it'.
וּבָנָ֥הand buildsconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · בָּנָה (H1129)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּנָה (H1129) 'and builds'.
עָלֶ֖יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
מְצוֹדִ֥יםandN c · מָצוֹד (H4685)Construct chain (genitival)מָצוֹד (H4685) 'and'.
גְּדֹלִֽיםgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
15

וּמָ֣צָא בָ֗הּ אִ֤ישׁ מִסְכֵּן֙ חָכָ֔ם וּמִלַּט ה֥וּא אֶת הָעִ֖יר בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹ וְאָדָם֙ לֹ֣א זָכַ֔ר אֶת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַמִּסְכֵּ֖ן הַהּֽוּא

Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city; yet no man remembered that same poor man.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and finds'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וּמָ֣צָאand findsconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'and finds'.
בָ֗הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
אִ֤ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
מִסְכֵּן֙poorAdj · מִסְכֵּן (H4542)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְכֵּן (H4542) 'poor'.
חָכָ֔םwise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
וּמִלַּטand he escapedconj וְ + Piel perf 3ms · מָלַט (H4422)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלַט (H4422) 'and he escaped'.
ה֥וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָעִ֖ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹwisdomprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וְאָדָם֙and a humanconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'and a human'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
זָכַ֔רRememberQal perf 3ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָאִ֥ישׁthe manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'the man'.
הַמִּסְכֵּ֖ןpoorart + Adj · מִסְכֵּן (H4542)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְכֵּן (H4542) 'poor'.
הַהּֽוּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
16

וְאָמַ֣רְתִּי אָ֔נִי טוֹבָ֥ה חָכְמָ֖ה מִגְּבוּרָ֑ה וְחָכְמַ֤ת הַמִּסְכֵּן֙ בְּזוּיָ֔ה וּדְבָרָ֖יו אֵינָ֥ם נִשְׁמָעִֽים

Then said I, Wisdom better than strength: nevertheless the poor man's wisdom despised, and his words are not heard.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and I say'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְאָמַ֣רְתִּיand I sayconj וְ + Qal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'and I say'.
אָ֔נִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
טוֹבָ֥הgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
חָכְמָ֖הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
מִגְּבוּרָ֑הand like your mighty actsprep + N com f sg abs · גְּבוּרָה (H1369)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּבוּרָה (H1369) 'and like your mighty acts'.
וְחָכְמַ֤תwisdomconj וְ + N com f sg constr · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
הַמִּסְכֵּן֙poorart + Adj · מִסְכֵּן (H4542)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְכֵּן (H4542) 'poor'.
בְּזוּיָ֔הthus despisedQal ptc fs · בָּזָה (H959)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּזָה (H959) 'thus despised'.
וּדְבָרָ֖יוand his wordsconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'and his words'.
אֵינָ֥םthere is notneg. + sfx 3mp · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
נִשְׁמָעִֽיםand he heardN · שָׁמַע (H8085)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
17

דִּבְרֵ֣י חֲכָמִ֔ים בְּנַ֖חַת נִשְׁמָעִ֑ים מִזַּעֲקַ֥ת מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בַּכְּסִילִֽים

The words of wise heard in quiet more than the cry of him that ruleth among fools.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'ruling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
דִּבְרֵ֣יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
חֲכָמִ֔יםwiseAdj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise'.
בְּנַ֖חַתandprep + N com f sg abs · נַחַת (H5183)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַחַת (H5183) 'and'.
נִשְׁמָעִ֑יםand he heardN · שָׁמַע (H8085)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
מִזַּעֲקַ֥תoutcry ofprep + N com f sg constr · זַעֲקָה (H2201)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זַעֲקָה (H2201) 'outcry of'.
מוֹשֵׁ֖לrulingQal ptc ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
בַּכְּסִילִֽיםandprep + art + Adj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'and'.
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טוֹבָ֥ה חָכְמָ֖ה מִכְּלֵ֣י קְרָ֑ב וְחוֹטֶ֣א אֶחָ֔ד יְאַבֵּ֥ד טוֹבָ֥ה הַרְבֵּֽה

Wisdom better than weapons of war: but one sinner destroyeth much good.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'sins'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
טוֹבָ֥הgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
חָכְמָ֖הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
מִכְּלֵ֣יits vesselsprep + N com m pl constr · כְּלִי (H3627)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
קְרָ֑בinN c · קְרָב (H7128)Construct chain (genitival)קְרָב (H7128) 'in'.
וְחוֹטֶ֣אsinsconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · חָטָא (H2398)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָטָא (H2398) 'sins'.
אֶחָ֔דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
יְאַבֵּ֥דyour perishingPiel impf 3ms · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
טוֹבָ֥הgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
הַרְבֵּֽהgreatlyHiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.