1
זְב֣וּבֵי מָ֔וֶת יַבְאִ֥ישׁ יַבִּ֖יעַ שֶׁ֣מֶן רוֹקֵ֑חַ יָקָ֛ר מֵחָכְמָ֥ה מִכָּב֖וֹד סִכְל֥וּת מְעָֽט
Dead flies cause the ointment of the apothecary to send forth a stinking savour: a little folly him that is in reputation for wisdom honour.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and it stank'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
זְב֣וּבֵיtoN c · זְבוּב (H2070)Construct chain (genitival)זְבוּב (H2070) 'to'.
מָ֔וֶתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
יַבְאִ֥ישׁand it stankHiphil impf 3ms · בָּאַשׁ (H887)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּאַשׁ (H887) 'and it stank'.
יַבִּ֖יעַbelch outHiphil impf 3ms · נָבַע (H5042)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָבַע (H5042) 'belch out'.
שֶׁ֣מֶןthe oil ofN c · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'the oil of'.
רוֹקֵ֑חַa perfumerQal ptc ms · רָקַח (H7543)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָקַח (H7543) 'a perfumer'.
יָקָ֛רbrightnessAdj · יָקָר (H3368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָקָר (H3368) 'brightness'.
מֵחָכְמָ֥הwisdomprep + N com f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
מִכָּב֖וֹדfrom honorprep + N com c sg abs · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'from honor'.
סִכְל֥וּתfollyN c · סִכְלוּת (H5531)Construct chain (genitival)סִכְלוּת (H5531) 'folly'.
מְעָֽטa littleAdj · מְעַט (H4592)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְעַט (H4592) 'a little'.
2
לֵ֤ב חָכָם֙ לִֽימִינ֔וֹ וְלֵ֥ב כְּסִ֖יל לִשְׂמֹאלֽוֹ
A wise man's heart at his right hand; but a fool's heart at his left.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לֵ֤בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
חָכָם֙wise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
לִֽימִינ֔וֹthe rightprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָמִין (H3225)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָמִין (H3225) 'the right'.
וְלֵ֥בhis heartconj וְ + N com m sg abs · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
כְּסִ֖ילfoolAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'fool'.
לִשְׂמֹאלֽוֹor leftprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שְׂמֹאל (H8040)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂמֹאל (H8040) 'or left'.
3
וְגַם בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְ כשהסכל כְּשֶׁסָּכָ֥ל הֹלֵ֖ךְ לִבּ֣וֹ חָסֵ֑ר וְאָמַ֥ר לַכֹּ֖ל סָכָ֥ל הֽוּא
Yea also, when he that is a fool walketh by the way, his wisdom faileth , and he says to every one he a fool.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'went'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְגַםand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְon the wayprep + art + N com c sg abs · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
כשהסכלfoolprep + rel. שֶׁ + art + N com m sg abs · סָכָל (H5530)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָכָל (H5530) 'fool'.
כְּשֶׁסָּכָ֥לfoolprep + rel. שֶׁ + N com m sg abs · סָכָל (H5530)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָכָל (H5530) 'fool'.
הֹלֵ֖ךְwentQal ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
לִבּ֣וֹhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
חָסֵ֑רdestituteQal perf 3ms · חָסֵר (H2638)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָסֵר (H2638) 'destitute'.
וְאָמַ֥רand I saidconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
לַכֹּ֖לto allprep + art + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
סָכָ֥לfoolN c · סָכָל (H5530)Construct chain (genitival)סָכָל (H5530) 'fool'.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
4
אִם ר֤וּחַ הַמּוֹשֵׁל֙ תַּעֲלֶ֣ה עָלֶ֔יךָ מְקוֹמְךָ֖ אַל תַּנַּ֑ח כִּ֣י מַרְפֵּ֔א יַנִּ֖יחַ חֲטָאִ֥ים גְּדוֹלִֽים
If the spirit of the ruler rise up against you, leave not your place; for yielding pacifieth great offences.
Conditional ʼim. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'ruling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
ר֤וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
הַמּוֹשֵׁל֙rulingart + Qal ptc ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
תַּעֲלֶ֣הyou offer upQal impf 3fs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'you offer up'.
עָלֶ֔יךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
מְקוֹמְךָ֖your placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'your place'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּנַּ֑חand he leftHiphil jussive 2ms · נוּחַ (H3240)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנוּחַ (H3240) 'and he left'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מַרְפֵּ֔אhealingN c · מַרְפֵּא (H4832)Construct chain (genitival)מַרְפֵּא (H4832) 'healing'.
יַנִּ֖יחַhe shall leaveHiphil impf 3ms · נוּחַ (H3240)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנוּחַ (H3240) 'he shall leave'.
חֲטָאִ֥יםsinN c · חֵטְא (H2399)Construct chain (genitival)חֵטְא (H2399) 'sin'.
גְּדוֹלִֽיםgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
5
יֵ֣שׁ רָעָ֔ה רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּשְׁגָגָ֕ה שֶׁיֹּצָ֖א מִלִּפְנֵ֥י הַשַּׁלִּֽיט
There is an evil I have seen under the sun, as an error proceedeth from the ruler:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
יֵ֣שׁthere isadv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'there is'.
רָעָ֔הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
רָאִ֖יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
כִּשְׁגָגָ֕הinadvertentlyprep + N com f sg abs · שְׁגָגָה (H7684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁגָגָה (H7684) 'inadvertently'.
שֶׁיֹּצָ֖אand he went outrel. שֶׁ + Qal ptc fs · יָצָא (H3318)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
מִלִּפְנֵ֥יfrom beforeprep + prep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'from before'.
הַשַּׁלִּֽיטthe rulerart + Adj · שַׁלִּיט (H7989)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁלִּיט (H7989) 'the ruler'.
6
נִתַּ֣ן הַסֶּ֔כֶל בַּמְּרוֹמִ֖ים רַבִּ֑ים וַעֲשִׁירִ֖ים בַּשֵּׁ֥פֶל יֵשֵֽׁבוּ
Folly is set in great dignity, and the rich sit in low place.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'lived'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
נִתַּ֣ןis givingN · נָתַן (H5414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
הַסֶּ֔כֶלfollyart + N com m sg abs · סֶכֶל (H5529)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֶכֶל (H5529) 'folly'.
בַּמְּרוֹמִ֖יםthe heights ofprep + art + N com m pl abs · מָרוֹם (H4791)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
רַבִּ֑יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
וַעֲשִׁירִ֖יםthe rich (one)conj וְ + Adj · עָשִׁיר (H6223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשִׁיר (H6223) 'the rich (one)'.
בַּשֵּׁ֥פֶלthat / whichprep + art + N com m sg abs · שֶׁפֶל (H8216)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁפֶל (H8216) 'that / which'.
יֵשֵֽׁבוּlivedQal impf 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'lived'.
7
רָאִ֥יתִי עֲבָדִ֖ים עַל סוּסִ֑ים וְשָׂרִ֛ים הֹלְכִ֥ים כַּעֲבָדִ֖ים עַל הָאָֽרֶץ
I have seen servants upon horses, and princes walking as servants upon the earth.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
רָאִ֥יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
עֲבָדִ֖יםslavesN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'slaves'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
סוּסִ֑יםhorsesN c · סוּס (H5483)Construct chain (genitival)סוּס (H5483) 'horses'.
וְשָׂרִ֛יםchief ofconj וְ + N com m pl abs · שַׂר (H8269)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
הֹלְכִ֥יםgoingQal ptc mp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'going'.
כַּעֲבָדִ֖יםyour servantprep + N com m pl abs · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'your servant'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
8
חֹפֵ֥ר גּוּמָּ֖ץ בּ֣וֹ יִפּ֑וֹל וּפֹרֵ֥ץ גָּדֵ֖ר יִשְּׁכֶ֥נּוּ נָחָֽשׁ
He that diggeth a pit shall fall into it; and whoso breaketh an hedge, a serpent shall bite him.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and they dug'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
חֹפֵ֥רand they dugQal ptc ms · חָפַר (H2658)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָפַר (H2658) 'and they dug'.
גּוּמָּ֖ץpitN c · גּוּמָּץ (H1475)Construct chain (genitival)גּוּמָּץ (H1475) 'pit'.
בּ֣וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
יִפּ֑וֹלand he fellQal impf 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
וּפֹרֵ֥ץhe break outconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · פָּרַץ (H6555)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּרַץ (H6555) 'he break out'.
גָּדֵ֖רa wallN c · גָּדֵר (H1447)Construct chain (genitival)גָּדֵר (H1447) 'a wall'.
יִשְּׁכֶ֥נּוּyou shall charge interestQal impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · נָשַׁךְ (H5391)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשַׁךְ (H5391) 'you shall charge interest'.
נָחָֽשׁserpentN c · נָחָשׁ (H5175)Construct chain (genitival)נָחָשׁ (H5175) 'serpent'.
9
מַסִּ֣יעַ אֲבָנִ֔ים יֵעָצֵ֖ב בָּהֶ֑ם בּוֹקֵ֥עַ עֵצִ֖ים יִסָּ֥כֶן בָּֽם
Whoso removeth stones shall be hurt therewith; he that cleaveth wood shall be endangered thereby.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and they set out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
מַסִּ֣יעַand they set outHiphil ptc ms · נָסַע (H5265)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָסַע (H5265) 'and they set out'.
אֲבָנִ֔יםstonesN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'stones'.
יֵעָצֵ֖בand were grievedN · עָצַב (H6087)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָצַב (H6087) 'and were grieved'.
בָּהֶ֑םin themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in them'.
בּוֹקֵ֥עַand were dividedQal ptc ms · בָּקַע (H1234)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּקַע (H1234) 'and were divided'.
עֵצִ֖יםwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
יִסָּ֥כֶןendangerN · סָכַן (H5533)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָכַן (H5533) 'endanger'.
בָּֽםagainst themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against them'.
10
אִם קֵהָ֣ה הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וְהוּא֙ לֹא פָנִ֣ים קִלְקַ֔ל וַחֲיָלִ֖ים יְגַבֵּ֑ר וְיִתְר֥וֹן הכשיר הַכְשֵׁ֖ר חָכְמָֽה
If the iron be blunt, and he do not whet the edge, then must he put to more strength: but wisdom profitable to direct.
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'be set on edge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
קֵהָ֣הbe set on edgePiel perf 3ms · קָהָה (H6949)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָהָה (H6949) 'be set on edge'.
הַבַּרְזֶ֗לthe ironart + N com m sg abs · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'the iron'.
וְהוּא֙and heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
פָנִ֣יםfaceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'.
קִלְקַ֔לto cursel perf 3ms · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָלַל (H7043) 'to curse'.
וַחֲיָלִ֖יםabilityconj וְ + N com m pl abs · חַיִל (H2428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַיִל (H2428) 'ability'.
יְגַבֵּ֑רprevailedPiel impf 3ms · גָּבַר (H1396)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּבַר (H1396) 'prevailed'.
וְיִתְר֥וֹןandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · יִתְרוֹן (H3504)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִתְרוֹן (H3504) 'and'.
הכשירdirectHiphil inf constr · כָּשֵׁר (H3787)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכָּשֵׁר (H3787) 'direct'.
הַכְשֵׁ֖רdirectHiphil inf constr · כָּשֵׁר (H3787)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכָּשֵׁר (H3787) 'direct'.
חָכְמָֽהwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
11
אִם יִשֹּׁ֥ךְ הַנָּחָ֖שׁ בְּלוֹא לָ֑חַשׁ וְאֵ֣ין יִתְר֔וֹן לְבַ֖עַל הַלָּשֽׁוֹן
Surely the serpent will bite without enchantment; and a babbler is no better.
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'is lent at interest'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יִשֹּׁ֥ךְis lent at interestQal impf 3ms · נָשַׁךְ (H5391)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשַׁךְ (H5391) 'is lent at interest'.
הַנָּחָ֖שׁthe serpentart + N com m sg abs · נָחָשׁ (H5175)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָחָשׁ (H5175) 'the serpent'.
בְּלוֹאnotprep + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לָ֑חַשׁcharmedN c · לַחַשׁ (H3908)Construct chain (genitival)לַחַשׁ (H3908) 'charmed'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
יִתְר֔וֹןbetterN c · יִתְרוֹן (H3504)Construct chain (genitival)יִתְרוֹן (H3504) 'better'.
לְבַ֖עַלthe lords ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּעַל (H1167) 'the lords of'.
הַלָּשֽׁוֹןby their languagesart + N com c sg abs · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'by their languages'.
12
דִּבְרֵ֥י פִי חָכָ֖ם חֵ֑ן וְשִׂפְת֥וֹת כְּסִ֖יל תְּבַלְּעֶֽנּוּ
The words of a wise man's mouth gracious; but the lips of a fool will swallow up himself.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'it swallow us'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
דִּבְרֵ֥יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
פִיthe mouth ofN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'the mouth of'.
חָכָ֖םwise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
חֵ֑ןfavorN c · חֵן (H2580)Construct chain (genitival)חֵן (H2580) 'favor'.
וְשִׂפְת֥וֹתthe edge ofconj וְ + N com f pl constr · שָׂפָה (H8193)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'the edge of'.
כְּסִ֖ילfoolAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'fool'.
תְּבַלְּעֶֽנּוּit swallow usPiel impf 3fs + sfx 3ms · בָּלַע (H1104)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּלַע (H1104) 'it swallow us'.
13
תְּחִלַּ֥ת דִּבְרֵי פִ֖יהוּ סִכְל֑וּת וְאַחֲרִ֣ית פִּ֔יהוּ הוֹלֵל֖וּת רָעָֽה
The beginning of the words of his mouth foolishness: and the end of his talk mischievous madness.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
תְּחִלַּ֥תat the firstN c · תְּחִלָּה (H8462)Construct chain (genitival)תְּחִלָּה (H8462) 'at the first'.
דִּבְרֵיthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
פִ֖יהוּhis mouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'his mouth'.
סִכְל֑וּתfollyN c · סִכְלוּת (H5531)Construct chain (genitival)סִכְלוּת (H5531) 'folly'.
וְאַחֲרִ֣יתin the latterconj וְ + N com f sg constr · אַחֲרִית (H319)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'in the latter'.
פִּ֔יהוּhis mouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'his mouth'.
הוֹלֵל֖וּתmadnessN c · הוֹלֵלוּת (H1948)Construct chain (genitival)הוֹלֵלוּת (H1948) 'madness'.
רָעָֽהevilAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
14
וְהַסָּכָ֖ל יַרְבֶּ֣ה דְבָרִ֑ים לֹא יֵדַ֤ע הָאָדָם֙ מַה שֶׁיִּֽהְיֶ֔ה וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר יִֽהְיֶה֙ מֵֽאַחֲרָ֔יו מִ֖י יַגִּ֥יד לֽוֹ
A fool also is full of words: a man cannot tell what shall be; and what shall be after him, who can tell him?
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall multiply'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהַסָּכָ֖לfoolconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · סָכָל (H5530)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָכָל (H5530) 'fool'.
יַרְבֶּ֣הhe shall multiplyHiphil impf 3ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבָה (H7235) 'he shall multiply'.
דְבָרִ֑יםwords/chargesN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'words/charges'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יֵדַ֤עhe knewQal impf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
הָאָדָם֙the humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
שֶׁיִּֽהְיֶ֔הand it happenedrel. שֶׁ + Qal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
וַאֲשֶׁ֤רand whoconj וְ + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and who'.
יִֽהְיֶה֙shall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
מֵֽאַחֲרָ֔יוfrom behind himprep + prep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'from behind him'.
מִ֖יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יַגִּ֥ידhe testifiesHiphil impf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'he testifies'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
15
עֲמַ֥ל הַכְּסִילִ֖ים תְּיַגְּעֶ֑נּוּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא יָדַ֖ע לָלֶ֥כֶת אֶל עִֽיר
The labour of the foolish wearieth every one of them, because he knoweth not how to go to the city.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you labored'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עֲמַ֥לtroubleN c · עָמָל (H5999)Construct chain (genitival)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
הַכְּסִילִ֖יםandart + Adj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'and'.
תְּיַגְּעֶ֑נּוּyou laboredPiel impf 3fs + sfx 3ms · יָגַע (H3021)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָגַע (H3021) 'you labored'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדַ֖עhe knewQal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
לָלֶ֥כֶתto goprep + Qal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H3212)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H3212) 'to go'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עִֽירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
16
אִֽי לָ֣ךְ אֶ֔רֶץ שֶׁמַּלְכֵּ֖ךְ נָ֑עַר וְשָׂרַ֖יִךְ בַּבֹּ֥קֶר יֹאכֵֽלוּ
Woe to you, O land, when your king a child, and your princes eat in the morning!
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they shall be eaten'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִֽיwoeparticle · אִי (H337)Particle or relational elementאִי (H337) 'woe'.
לָ֣ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
אֶ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
שֶׁמַּלְכֵּ֖ךְking ofrel. שֶׁ + N com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
נָ֑עַרa boyN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'a boy'.
וְשָׂרַ֖יִךְchief ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 2fs · שַׂר (H8269)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
בַּבֹּ֥קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
יֹאכֵֽלוּthey shall be eatenQal impf 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'they shall be eaten'.
17
אַשְׁרֵ֣יךְ אֶ֔רֶץ שֶׁמַּלְכֵּ֖ךְ בֶּן חוֹרִ֑ים וְשָׂרַ֨יִךְ֙ בָּעֵ֣ת יֹאכֵ֔לוּ בִּגְבוּרָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א בַשְּׁתִֽי
Blessed you, O land, when your king the son of nobles, and your princes eat in due season, for strength, and not for drunkenness!
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they shall be eaten'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אַשְׁרֵ֣יךְhappy are youN c · אֶשֶׁר (H835)Construct chain (genitival)אֶשֶׁר (H835) 'happy are you'.
אֶ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
שֶׁמַּלְכֵּ֖ךְking ofrel. שֶׁ + N com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
חוֹרִ֑יםnobleN c · חֹר (H2715)Construct chain (genitival)חֹר (H2715) 'noble'.
וְשָׂרַ֨יִךְ֙chief ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 2fs · שַׂר (H8269)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
בָּעֵ֣תat the timeprep + art + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
יֹאכֵ֔לוּthey shall be eatenQal impf 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'they shall be eaten'.
בִּגְבוּרָ֖הand like your mighty actsprep + N com f sg abs · גְּבוּרָה (H1369)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּבוּרָה (H1369) 'and like your mighty acts'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
בַשְּׁתִֽיinprep + art + N com m sg abs · שְׁתִי (H8358)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁתִי (H8358) 'in'.
18
בַּעֲצַלְתַּ֖יִם יִמַּ֣ךְ הַמְּקָרֶ֑ה וּבְשִׁפְל֥וּת יָדַ֖יִם יִדְלֹ֥ף הַבָּֽיִת
By much slothfulness the building decayeth; and through idleness of the hands the house droppeth through.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'drop through'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בַּעֲצַלְתַּ֖יִםslothfulnessprep + N com f du abs · עַצְלָה (H6103)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַצְלָה (H6103) 'slothfulness'.
יִמַּ֣ךְandN · מָכַךְ (H4355)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָכַךְ (H4355) 'and'.
הַמְּקָרֶ֑הbuildingart + N com m sg abs · מְקָרֶה (H4746)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְקָרֶה (H4746) 'building'.
וּבְשִׁפְל֥וּתandconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr · שִׁפְלוּת (H8220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁפְלוּת (H8220) 'and'.
יָדַ֖יִםhandsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'hands'.
יִדְלֹ֥ףdrop throughQal impf 3ms · דָּלַף (H1811)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּלַף (H1811) 'drop through'.
הַבָּֽיִתthe houseart + N com m sg abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house'.
19
לִשְׂחוֹק֙ עֹשִׂ֣ים לֶ֔חֶם וְיַ֖יִן יְשַׂמַּ֣ח חַיִּ֑ים וְהַכֶּ֖סֶף יַעֲנֶ֥ה אֶת הַכֹּֽל
A feast is made for laughter, and wine maketh merry: but money answereth all .
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'are doing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
לִשְׂחוֹק֙toprep + N com m sg abs · שְׂחוֹק (H7814)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂחוֹק (H7814) 'to'.
עֹשִׂ֣יםare doingQal ptc mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'are doing'.
לֶ֔חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
וְיַ֖יִןand wineconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'and wine'.
יְשַׂמַּ֣חand you shall rejoicePiel impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
חַיִּ֑יםaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
וְהַכֶּ֖סֶףand the silverconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'and the silver'.
יַעֲנֶ֥הwill answerQal impf 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנָה (H6030) 'will answer'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַכֹּֽלeverythingart + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'everything'.
20
גַּ֣ם בְּמַדָּֽעֲךָ֗ מֶ֚לֶךְ אַל תְּקַלֵּ֔ל וּבְחַדְרֵי֙ מִשְׁכָּ֣בְךָ֔ אַל תְּקַלֵּ֖ל עָשִׁ֑יר כִּ֣י ע֤וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ יוֹלִ֣יךְ אֶת הַקּ֔וֹל וּבַ֥עַל הכנפים כְּנָפַ֖יִם יַגֵּ֥יד דָּבָֽר
Curse not the king, no not in your thought; and curse not the rich in your bedchamber: for a bird of the air shall carry the voice, and that which has wings shall tell the matter.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall revile'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
גַּ֣םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
בְּמַדָּֽעֲךָ֗inprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · מַדָּע (H4093)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַדָּע (H4093) 'in'.
מֶ֚לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּקַלֵּ֔לyou shall revilePiel jussive 2ms · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalקָלַל (H7043) 'you shall revile'.
וּבְחַדְרֵי֙in the chamber ofconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr · חֶדֶר (H2315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶדֶר (H2315) 'in the chamber of'.
מִשְׁכָּ֣בְךָ֔your bedroomN c · מִשְׁכָּב (H4904)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁכָּב (H4904) 'your bedroom'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּקַלֵּ֖לyou shall revilePiel jussive 2ms · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalקָלַל (H7043) 'you shall revile'.
עָשִׁ֑ירthe rich (one)Adj · עָשִׁיר (H6223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשִׁיר (H6223) 'the rich (one)'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ע֤וֹףbird ofN c · עוֹף (H5775)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹף (H5775) 'bird of'.
הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙the heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
יוֹלִ֣יךְand he wentHiphil impf 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַקּ֔וֹלthe voiceart + N com m sg abs · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'the voice'.
וּבַ֥עַלbut the owner ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · בַּעַל (H1167)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּעַל (H1167) 'but the owner of'.
הכנפיםthe skirt ofart + N com f du abs · כָּנָף (H3671)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּנָף (H3671) 'the skirt of'.
כְּנָפַ֖יִםwingsN c · כָּנָף (H3671)Construct chain (genitival)כָּנָף (H3671) 'wings'.
יַגֵּ֥ידhe testifiesHiphil impf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'he testifies'.
דָּבָֽרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.