1
ט֥וֹב שֵׁ֖ם מִשֶּׁ֣מֶן ט֑וֹב וְי֣וֹם הַמָּ֔וֶת מִיּ֖וֹם הִוָּלְדֽוֹ
A good name better than precious ointment; and the day of death than the day of one's birth.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ט֥וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
שֵׁ֖םthe name ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name of'.
מִשֶּׁ֣מֶןfrom the oil ofprep + N com m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'from the oil of'.
ט֑וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וְי֣וֹםbut the day ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'but the day of'.
הַמָּ֔וֶתdeathart + N com m sg abs · מָוֶת (H4194)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָוֶת (H4194) 'death'.
מִיּ֖וֹםfrom the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'from the day'.
הִוָּלְדֽוֹand he fatheredN · יָלַד (H3205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
2
ט֞וֹב לָלֶ֣כֶת אֶל בֵּֽית אֵ֗בֶל מִלֶּ֨כֶת֙ אֶל בֵּ֣ית מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה בַּאֲשֶׁ֕ר ה֖וּא ס֣וֹף כָּל הָאָדָ֑ם וְהַחַ֖י יִתֵּ֥ן אֶל לִבּֽוֹ
better to go to the house of mourning, than to go to the house of feasting: for that the end of all men; and the living will lay to his heart.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ט֞וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
לָלֶ֣כֶתto goprep + Qal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H3212)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H3212) 'to go'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּֽיתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
אֵ֗בֶלmourningN c · אֵבֶל (H60)Construct chain (genitival)אֵבֶל (H60) 'mourning'.
מִלֶּ֨כֶת֙and he wentprep + Qal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H3212)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
מִשְׁתֶּ֔הa feastN c · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'a feast'.
בַּאֲשֶׁ֕רwhereprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'where'.
ה֖וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
ס֣וֹףandN c · סוֹף (H5490)Construct chain (genitival)סוֹף (H5490) 'and'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָדָ֑םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
וְהַחַ֖יaliveconj וְ + art + N com c sg abs · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
יִתֵּ֥ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
לִבּֽוֹhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
3
ט֥וֹב כַּ֖עַס מִשְּׂחֹ֑ק כִּֽי בְרֹ֥עַ פָּנִ֖ים יִ֥יטַב לֵֽב
Sorrow better than laughter: for by the sadness of the countenance the heart is made better.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'it may go well'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ט֥וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
כַּ֖עַסthe provocation ofN c · כַּעַס (H3708)Construct chain (genitival)כַּעַס (H3708) 'the provocation of'.
מִשְּׂחֹ֑קtoprep + N com m sg abs · שְׂחוֹק (H7814)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂחוֹק (H7814) 'to'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בְרֹ֥עַthe evil ofprep + N com m sg constr · רֹעַ (H7455)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹעַ (H7455) 'the evil of'.
פָּנִ֖יםfaceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'.
יִ֥יטַבit may go wellQal impf 3ms · יָטַב (H3190)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
לֵֽבthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
4
לֵ֤ב חֲכָמִים֙ בְּבֵ֣ית אֵ֔בֶל וְלֵ֥ב כְּסִילִ֖ים בְּבֵ֥ית שִׂמְחָֽה
The heart of the wise in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools in the house of mirth.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לֵ֤בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
חֲכָמִים֙wiseAdj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise'.
בְּבֵ֣יתin the houseprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'in the house'.
אֵ֔בֶלmourningN c · אֵבֶל (H60)Construct chain (genitival)אֵבֶל (H60) 'mourning'.
וְלֵ֥בhis heartconj וְ + N com m sg constr · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
כְּסִילִ֖יםandAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'and'.
בְּבֵ֥יתin the houseprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'in the house'.
שִׂמְחָֽהwith joyN c · שִׂמְחָה (H8057)Construct chain (genitival)שִׂמְחָה (H8057) 'with joy'.
5
ט֕וֹב לִשְׁמֹ֖עַ גַּעֲרַ֣ת חָכָ֑ם מֵאִ֕ישׁ שֹׁמֵ֖עַ שִׁ֥יר כְּסִילִֽים
better to hear the rebuke of the wise, than for a man to hear the song of fools.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to hear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ט֕וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
לִשְׁמֹ֖עַto hearprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear'.
גַּעֲרַ֣תinN c · גְּעָרָה (H1606)Construct chain (genitival)גְּעָרָה (H1606) 'in'.
חָכָ֑םwise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
מֵאִ֕ישׁfrom manprep + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'from man'.
שֹׁמֵ֖עַlistenQal ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
שִׁ֥ירa songN c · שִׁירָה (H7892)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁירָה (H7892) 'a song'.
כְּסִילִֽיםandAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'and'.
6
כִּ֣י כְק֤וֹל הַסִּירִים֙ תַּ֣חַת הַסִּ֔יר כֵּ֖ן שְׂחֹ֣ק הַכְּסִ֑יל וְגַם זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל
For as the crackling of thorns under a pot, so the laughter of the fool: this also vanity.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כְק֤וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
הַסִּירִים֙the pot ofart + N com f pl abs · סִיר (H5518)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִיר (H5518) 'the pot of'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַסִּ֔ירthe pot ofart + N com c sg abs · סִיר (H5518)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִיר (H5518) 'the pot of'.
כֵּ֖ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
שְׂחֹ֣קtoN c · שְׂחוֹק (H7814)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂחוֹק (H7814) 'to'.
הַכְּסִ֑ילandart + Adj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'and'.
וְגַםand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
זֶ֖הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
הָֽבֶלwith their idolsN c · הֶבֶל (H1892)Construct chain (genitival)הֶבֶל (H1892) 'with their idols'.
7
כִּ֥י הָעֹ֖שֶׁק יְהוֹלֵ֣ל חָכָ֑ם וִֽיאַבֵּ֥ד אֶת לֵ֖ב מַתָּנָֽה
Surely oppression maketh a wise man mad; and a gift destroyeth the heart.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הָעֹ֖שֶׁקthe extorted thingart + N com m sg abs · עֹשֶׁק (H6233)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹשֶׁק (H6233) 'the extorted thing'.
יְהוֹלֵ֣לand they praisedPoel impf 3ms · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
חָכָ֑םwise [of]Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
וִֽיאַבֵּ֥דyour perishingconj וְ + Piel impf 3ms · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
לֵ֖בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
מַתָּנָֽהa giftN c · מַתָּנָה (H4979)Construct chain (genitival)מַתָּנָה (H4979) 'a gift'.
8
ט֛וֹב אַחֲרִ֥ית דָּבָ֖ר מֵֽרֵאשִׁית֑וֹ ט֥וֹב אֶֽרֶךְ ר֖וּחַ מִגְּבַהּ רֽוּחַ
Better the end of a thing than the beginning thereof: the patient in spirit better than the proud in spirit.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ט֛וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
אַחֲרִ֥יתthe end ofN c · אַחֲרִית (H319)Construct chain (genitival)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'the end of'.
דָּבָ֖רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
מֵֽרֵאשִׁית֑וֹthe first ofprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · רֵאשִׁית (H7225)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵאשִׁית (H7225) 'the first of'.
ט֥וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
אֶֽרֶךְslowAdj · אָרֵךְ (H750)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָרֵךְ (H750) 'slow'.
ר֖וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
מִגְּבַהּandprep + Adj · גָּבָהּ (H1362)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּבָהּ (H1362) 'and'.
רֽוּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
9
אַל תְּבַהֵ֥ל בְּרֽוּחֲךָ֖ לִכְע֑וֹס כִּ֣י כַ֔עַס בְּחֵ֥יק כְּסִילִ֖ים יָנֽוּחַ
Be not hasty in your spirit to be angry: for anger resteth in the bosom of fools.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'were dismayed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּבַהֵ֥לwere dismayedPiel jussive 2ms · בָּהַל (H926)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalבָּהַל (H926) 'were dismayed'.
בְּרֽוּחֲךָ֖with your wind,prep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'with your wind,'.
לִכְע֑וֹסto provoke himprep + Qal inf constr · כָּעַס (H3707)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכָּעַס (H3707) 'to provoke him'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כַ֔עַסthe provocation ofN c · כַּעַס (H3708)Construct chain (genitival)כַּעַס (H3708) 'the provocation of'.
בְּחֵ֥יקyour bosomprep + N com m sg constr · חֵיק (H2436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵיק (H2436) 'your bosom'.
כְּסִילִ֖יםandAdj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'and'.
יָנֽוּחַmay restQal impf 3ms · נוּחַ (H5117)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנוּחַ (H5117) 'may rest'.
10
אַל תֹּאמַר֙ מֶ֣ה הָיָ֔ה שֶׁ֤הַיָּמִים֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔ים הָי֥וּ טוֹבִ֖ים מֵאֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֛י לֹ֥א מֵחָכְמָ֖ה שָׁאַ֥לְתָּ עַל זֶֽה
Say not you, What is that the former days were better than these? for you dost not enquire wisely concerning this.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall say'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תֹּאמַר֙you shall sayQal jussive 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאָמַר (H559) 'you shall say'.
מֶ֣הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
הָיָ֔הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
שֶׁ֤הַיָּמִים֙on the dayrel. שֶׁ + art + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הָרִ֣אשֹׁנִ֔יםthe first (ones)art + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'the first (ones)'.
הָי֥וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
טוֹבִ֖יםgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
מֵאֵ֑לֶּהof theseprep + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'of these'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
מֵחָכְמָ֖הwisdomprep + N com f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
שָׁאַ֥לְתָּyou askedQal perf 2ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁאַל (H7592) 'you asked'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
זֶֽהthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
11
טוֹבָ֥ה חָכְמָ֖ה עִֽם נַחֲלָ֑ה וְיֹתֵ֖ר לְרֹאֵ֥י הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ
Wisdom good with an inheritance: and profit to them that see the sun.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
טוֹבָ֥הgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
חָכְמָ֖הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
עִֽםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
נַחֲלָ֑הan inheritanceN c · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Construct chain (genitival)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'an inheritance'.
וְיֹתֵ֖רandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יוֹתֵר (H3148)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹתֵר (H3148) 'and'.
לְרֹאֵ֥יand he sawprep + Qal ptc mp · רָאָה (H7200)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
12
כִּ֛י בְּצֵ֥ל הַֽחָכְמָ֖ה בְּצֵ֣ל הַכָּ֑סֶף וְיִתְר֣וֹן דַּ֔עַת הַֽחָכְמָ֖ה תְּחַיֶּ֥ה בְעָלֶֽיהָ
For wisdom a defence, money a defence: but the excellency of knowledge wisdom giveth life to them that have it.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you may live'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בְּצֵ֥לin the shadow ofprep + N com m sg abs · צֵל (H6738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֵל (H6738) 'in the shadow of'.
הַֽחָכְמָ֖הwisdomart + N com f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
בְּצֵ֣לin the shadow ofprep + N com m sg abs · צֵל (H6738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֵל (H6738) 'in the shadow of'.
הַכָּ֑סֶףthe silverart + N com m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'the silver'.
וְיִתְר֣וֹןandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · יִתְרוֹן (H3504)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִתְרוֹן (H3504) 'and'.
דַּ֔עַתknowledgeN c · דַּעַת (H1847)Construct chain (genitival)דַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge'.
הַֽחָכְמָ֖הwisdomart + N com f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
תְּחַיֶּ֥הyou may livePiel impf 3fs · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָיָה (H2421) 'you may live'.
בְעָלֶֽיהָthe lords ofN c · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167) 'the lords of'.
13
רְאֵ֖ה אֶת מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּ֣י מִ֤י יוּכַל֙ לְתַקֵּ֔ן אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִוְּתֽוֹ
Consider the work of God: for who can make straight, which he has made crooked?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'see'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
רְאֵ֖הseeQal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הthe work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
הָאֱלֹהִ֑יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יוּכַל֙he mayQal impf 3ms · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'he may'.
לְתַקֵּ֔ןtoprep + Piel inf constr · תָּקַן (H8626)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementתָּקַן (H8626) 'to'.
אֵ֖ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עִוְּתֽוֹhas bent/wronged mePiel perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · עִוֵּת (H5791)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעִוֵּת (H5791) 'has bent/wronged me'.
14
בְּי֤וֹם טוֹבָה֙ הֱיֵ֣ה בְט֔וֹב וּבְי֥וֹם רָעָ֖ה רְאֵ֑ה גַּ֣ם אֶת זֶ֤ה לְעֻמַּת זֶה֙ עָשָׂ֣ה הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים עַל דִּבְרַ֗ת שֶׁלֹּ֨א יִמְצָ֧א הָֽאָדָ֛ם אַחֲרָ֖יו מְאֽוּמָה
In the day of prosperity be joyful, but in the day of adversity consider: God also has set the one over against the other, to the end that man should find nothing after him.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
בְּי֤וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
טוֹבָה֙goodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
הֱיֵ֣הwasQal impv 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
בְט֔וֹבwherever goodprep + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'wherever good'.
וּבְי֥וֹםand on the dayconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'and on the day'.
רָעָ֖הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
רְאֵ֑הseeQal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
גַּ֣םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
זֶ֤הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
לְעֻמַּתcorresponding toprep + N com f sg constr · עֻמָּה (H5980)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֻמָּה (H5980) 'corresponding to'.
זֶה֙thisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
עָשָׂ֣הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
דִּבְרַ֗תcauseN c · דִּבְרָה (H1700)Construct chain (genitival)דִּבְרָה (H1700) 'cause'.
שֶׁלֹּ֨אnotrel. שֶׁ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִמְצָ֧אis foundQal impf 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'is found'.
הָֽאָדָ֛םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
אַחֲרָ֖יוafter himprep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after him'.
מְאֽוּמָהanythingN c · מְאוּמָה (H3972)Construct chain (genitival)מְאוּמָה (H3972) 'anything'.
15
אֶת הַכֹּ֥ל רָאִ֖יתִי בִּימֵ֣י הֶבְלִ֑י יֵ֤שׁ צַדִּיק֙ אֹבֵ֣ד בְּצִדְק֔וֹ וְיֵ֣שׁ רָשָׁ֔ע מַאֲרִ֖יךְ בְּרָעָתֽוֹ
All have I seen in the days of my vanity: there is a just that perisheth in his righteousness, and there is a wicked that prolongeth in his wickedness.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַכֹּ֥לeverythingart + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'everything'.
רָאִ֖יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
בִּימֵ֣יin the days ofprep + N com m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'in the days of'.
הֶבְלִ֑יwith their idolsN c · הֶבֶל (H1892)Construct chain (genitival)הֶבֶל (H1892) 'with their idols'.
יֵ֤שׁthere isadv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'there is'.
צַדִּיק֙righteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
אֹבֵ֣דutterlyQal ptc ms · אָבַד (H6)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָבַד (H6) 'utterly'.
בְּצִדְק֔וֹjustprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · צֶדֶק (H6664)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
וְיֵ֣שׁand sometimesconj וְ + adv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'and sometimes'.
רָשָׁ֔עthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
מַאֲרִ֖יךְyou will prolongHiphil ptc ms · אָרַךְ (H748)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַךְ (H748) 'you will prolong'.
בְּרָעָתֽוֹthe evilprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
16
אַל תְּהִ֤י צַדִּיק֙ הַרְבֵּ֔ה וְאַל תִּתְחַכַּ֖ם יוֹתֵ֑ר לָ֖מָּה תִּשּׁוֹמֵֽם
Be not righteous over much; neither make thyself over wise: why shouldest you destroy thyself?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'let there be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תְּהִ֤יlet there beQal jussive 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'let there be'.
צַדִּיק֙righteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
הַרְבֵּ֔הgreatlyHiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תִּתְחַכַּ֖םthey were wiseHithpael jussive 2ms · חָכַם (H2449)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalחָכַם (H2449) 'they were wise'.
יוֹתֵ֑רbetterN c · יוֹתֵר (H3148)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹתֵר (H3148) 'better'.
לָ֖מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
תִּשּׁוֹמֵֽםand I will desolateHithpolel impf 2ms · שָׁמֵם (H8074)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמֵם (H8074) 'and I will desolate'.
17
אַל תִּרְשַׁ֥ע הַרְבֵּ֖ה וְאַל תְּהִ֣י סָכָ֑ל לָ֥מָּה תָמ֖וּת בְּלֹ֥א עִתֶּֽךָ
Be not over much wicked, neither be you foolish: why shouldest you die before your time?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and they condemn'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּרְשַׁ֥עand they condemnQal jussive 2ms · רָשַׁע (H7561)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalרָשַׁע (H7561) 'and they condemn'.
הַרְבֵּ֖הgreatlyHiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תְּהִ֣יlet there beQal jussive 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'let there be'.
סָכָ֑לfoolN c · סָכָל (H5530)Construct chain (genitival)סָכָל (H5530) 'fool'.
לָ֥מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
תָמ֖וּתyou shall dieQal impf 2ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'you shall die'.
בְּלֹ֥אwithoutprep + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'without'.
עִתֶּֽךָat the timeN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
18
ט֚וֹב אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֶּאֱחֹ֣ז בָּזֶ֔ה וְגַם מִזֶּ֖ה אַל תַּנַּ֣ח אֶת יָדֶ֑ךָ כִּֽי יְרֵ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים יֵצֵ֥א אֶת כֻּלָּֽם
good that you shouldest take hold of this; yea, also from this withdraw not your hand: for he that feareth God shall come forth of them all.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they took hold'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ט֚וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
תֶּאֱחֹ֣זand they took holdQal impf 2ms · אָחַז (H270)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָחַז (H270) 'and they took hold'.
בָּזֶ֔הhereprep + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'here'.
וְגַםand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
מִזֶּ֖הfrom hereprep + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'from here'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּנַּ֣חand he leftHiphil jussive 2ms · נוּחַ (H3240)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנוּחַ (H3240) 'and he left'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יָדֶ֑ךָyour handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hand'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יְרֵ֥אhe fearedAdj · יָרֵא (H3373)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵא (H3373) 'he feared'.
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
יֵצֵ֥אone going out (to)Qal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כֻּלָּֽםall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
19
הַֽחָכְמָ֖ה תָּעֹ֣ז לֶחָכָ֑ם מֵֽעֲשָׂרָה֙ שַׁלִּיטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ בָּעִֽיר
Wisdom strengtheneth the wise more than ten mighty which are in the city.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and it prevailed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הַֽחָכְמָ֖הwisdomart + N com f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
תָּעֹ֣זand it prevailedQal impf 3fs · עָזַז (H5810)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָזַז (H5810) 'and it prevailed'.
לֶחָכָ֑םwise [of]prep + art + Adj · חָכָם (H2450)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכָם (H2450) 'wise [of]'.
מֵֽעֲשָׂרָה֙tenprep + Adj c · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'.
שַׁלִּיטִ֔יםthe rulerAdj · שַׁלִּיט (H7989)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁלִּיט (H7989) 'the ruler'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הָי֖וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
בָּעִֽירin the cityprep + art + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'in the city'.
20
כִּ֣י אָדָ֔ם אֵ֥ין צַדִּ֖יק בָּאָ֑רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲשֶׂה טּ֖וֹב וְלֹ֥א יֶחֱטָֽא
For not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָדָ֔םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
צַדִּ֖יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
בָּאָ֑רֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יַעֲשֶׂהhe shall doQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
טּ֖וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יֶחֱטָֽאsinsQal impf 3ms · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָטָא (H2398) 'sins'.
21
גַּ֤ם לְכָל הַדְּבָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ אַל תִּתֵּ֖ן לִבֶּ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא תִשְׁמַ֥ע אֶֽת עַבְדְּךָ֖ מְקַלְלֶֽךָ
Also take no heed to all words that are spoken; lest you hear your servant curse you:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he spoke'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
גַּ֤םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
לְכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
הַדְּבָרִים֙the wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יְדַבֵּ֔רוּand he spokePiel impf 3mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he spoke'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּתֵּ֖ןyou shall giveQal jussive 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָתַן (H5414) 'you shall give'.
לִבֶּ֑ךָyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תִשְׁמַ֥עyou listenQal impf 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'you listen'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עַבְדְּךָ֖your servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'your servant'.
מְקַלְלֶֽךָto cursePiel ptc ms + sfx 2ms · קָלַל (H7043)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָלַל (H7043) 'to curse'.
22
כִּ֛י גַּם פְּעָמִ֥ים רַבּ֖וֹת יָדַ֣ע לִבֶּ֑ךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר גַּם את אַתָּ֖ה קִלַּ֥לְתָּ אֲחֵרִֽים
For oftentimes also your own heart knoweth that you thyself likewise have cursed others.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he knew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
פְּעָמִ֥יםtimesN c · פַּעַם (H6471)Construct chain (genitival)פַּעַם (H6471) 'times'.
רַבּ֖וֹתmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
יָדַ֣עhe knewQal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
לִבֶּ֑ךָyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אתyou arepron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you are'.
אַתָּ֖הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
קִלַּ֥לְתָּto cursePiel perf 2ms · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָלַל (H7043) 'to curse'.
אֲחֵרִֽיםotherAdj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'other'.
23
כָּל זֹ֖ה נִסִּ֣יתִי בַֽחָכְמָ֑ה אָמַ֣רְתִּי אֶחְכָּ֔מָה וְהִ֖יא רְחוֹקָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנִּי
All this have I proved by wisdom: I said, I will be wise; but it far from me.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to test'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
זֹ֖הas / likedem. pron xms · זֹה (H2090)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹה (H2090) 'as / like'.
נִסִּ֣יתִיto testPiel perf 1cs · נִסָּה (H5254)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנִסָּה (H5254) 'to test'.
בַֽחָכְמָ֑הin wisdomprep + art + N com f sg abs · חָכְמָה (H2451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'in wisdom'.
אָמַ֣רְתִּיI saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'I said'.
אֶחְכָּ֔מָהthey were wiseQal cohortative 1cs · חָכַם (H2449)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalחָכַם (H2449) 'they were wise'.
וְהִ֖יאand sheconj וְ + pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and she'.
רְחוֹקָ֥הdistantAdj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'distant'.
מִמֶּֽנִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
24
רָח֖וֹק מַה שֶּׁהָיָ֑ה וְעָמֹ֥ק עָמֹ֖ק מִ֥י יִמְצָאֶֽנּוּ
That which is far off, and exceeding deep, who can find it out?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
רָח֖וֹקfar, distantAdj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'far, distant'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
שֶּׁהָיָ֑הand it happenedrel. שֶׁ + Qal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
וְעָמֹ֥קand deeperconj וְ + Adj · עָמֹק (H6013)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמֹק (H6013) 'and deeper'.
עָמֹ֖קdeeperAdj · עָמֹק (H6013)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמֹק (H6013) 'deeper'.
מִ֥יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יִמְצָאֶֽנּוּI have foundQal impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
25
סַבּ֨וֹתִֽי אֲנִ֤י וְלִבִּי֙ לָדַ֣עַת וְלָת֔וּר וּבַקֵּ֥שׁ חָכְמָ֖ה וְחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן וְלָדַ֨עַת֙ רֶ֣שַׁע כֶּ֔סֶל וְהַסִּכְל֖וּת הוֹלֵלֽוֹת
I applied mine heart to know, and to search, and to seek out wisdom, and the reason , and to know the wickedness of folly, even of foolishness madness:
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they marched around'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
סַבּ֨וֹתִֽיand they marched aroundQal perf 1cs · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָבַב (H5437) 'and they marched around'.
אֲנִ֤יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
וְלִבִּי֙his heartconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
לָדַ֣עַתto knowprep + Qal inf constr · יָדַע (H3045)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָדַע (H3045) 'to know'.
וְלָת֔וּרto scout outconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · תּוּר (H8446)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementתּוּר (H8446) 'to scout out'.
וּבַקֵּ֥שׁseekingconj וְ + Piel inf constr · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
חָכְמָ֖הwisdomN c · חָכְמָה (H2451)Construct chain (genitival)חָכְמָה (H2451) 'wisdom'.
וְחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹןandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2808)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2808) 'and'.
וְלָדַ֨עַת֙I knowconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · יָדַע (H3045)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
רֶ֣שַׁעtheir wickednessN c · רֶשַׁע (H7562)Construct chain (genitival)רֶשַׁע (H7562) 'their wickedness'.
כֶּ֔סֶלthe loinsN c · כֶּסֶל (H3689)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶל (H3689) 'the loins'.
וְהַסִּכְל֖וּתandconj וְ + art + N com f sg abs · סִכְלוּת (H5531)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִכְלוּת (H5531) 'and'.
הוֹלֵלֽוֹתmadnessN c · הוֹלֵלָה (H1947)Construct chain (genitival)הוֹלֵלָה (H1947) 'madness'.
26
וּמוֹצֶ֨א אֲנִ֜י מַ֣ר מִמָּ֗וֶת אֶת הָֽאִשָּׁה֙ אֲשֶׁר הִ֨יא מְצוֹדִ֧ים וַחֲרָמִ֛ים לִבָּ֖הּ אֲסוּרִ֣ים יָדֶ֑יהָ ט֞וֹב לִפְנֵ֤י הָאֱלֹהִים֙ יִמָּלֵ֣ט מִמֶּ֔נָּה וְחוֹטֵ֖א יִלָּ֥כֶד בָּֽהּ
And I find more bitter than death the woman, whose heart snares and nets, her hands bands: whoso pleaseth God shall escape from her; but the sinner shall be taken by her.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'I have found'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וּמוֹצֶ֨אI have foundconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · מָצָא (H4672)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
אֲנִ֜יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
מַ֣רof bitternessAdj · מַר (H4751)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַר (H4751) 'of bitterness'.
מִמָּ֗וֶתfrom deathprep + N com m sg abs · מָוֶת (H4194)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָוֶת (H4194) 'from death'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָֽאִשָּׁה֙the womanart + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the woman'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הִ֨יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
מְצוֹדִ֧יםandN c · מָצוֹד (H4685)Construct chain (genitival)מָצוֹד (H4685) 'and'.
וַחֲרָמִ֛יםthe devoted thingsconj וְ + N com m pl abs · חֵרֶם (H2764)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵרֶם (H2764) 'the devoted things'.
לִבָּ֖הּhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
אֲסוּרִ֣יםbondsN c · אֵסוּר (H612)Construct chain (genitival)אֵסוּר (H612) 'bonds'.
יָדֶ֑יהָher handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'her hands'.
ט֞וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
לִפְנֵ֤יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
הָאֱלֹהִים֙Godart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
יִמָּלֵ֣טand he escapedN · מָלַט (H4422)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָלַט (H4422) 'and he escaped'.
מִמֶּ֔נָּהof one piece with itprep + sfx 3fs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of one piece with it'.
וְחוֹטֵ֖אsinsconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · חָטָא (H2398)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָטָא (H2398) 'sins'.
יִלָּ֥כֶדand was takenN · לָכַד (H3920)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָכַד (H3920) 'and was taken'.
בָּֽהּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
27
רְאֵה֙ זֶ֣ה מָצָ֔אתִי אָמְרָ֖ה קֹהֶ֑לֶת אַחַ֥ת לְאַחַ֖ת לִמְצֹ֥א חֶשְׁבּֽוֹן
Behold, this have I found, says the preacher, one by one, to find out the account:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'see'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
רְאֵה֙seeQal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
מָצָ֔אתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
אָמְרָ֖הshe saidQal perf 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'she said'.
קֹהֶ֑לֶתpreacherN c · קֹהֶלֶת (H6953)Construct chain (genitival)קֹהֶלֶת (H6953) 'preacher'.
אַחַ֥תoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
לְאַחַ֖תin oneprep + Adj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'in one'.
לִמְצֹ֥אto findprep + Qal inf constr · מָצָא (H4672)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמָצָא (H4672) 'to find'.
חֶשְׁבּֽוֹןaccountN c · חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2808)Construct chain (genitival)חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2808) 'account'.
28
אֲשֶׁ֛ר עוֹד בִּקְשָׁ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י וְלֹ֣א מָצָ֑אתִי אָדָ֞ם אֶחָ֤ד מֵאֶ֨לֶף֙ מָצָ֔אתִי וְאִשָּׁ֥ה בְכָל אֵ֖לֶּה לֹ֥א מָצָֽאתִי
Which yet my soul seeketh, but I find not: one man among a thousand have I found; but a woman among all those have I not found.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'seeking'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אֲשֶׁ֛רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עוֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
בִּקְשָׁ֥הseekingPiel perf 3fs · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
נַפְשִׁ֖יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
מָצָ֑אתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
אָדָ֞םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
אֶחָ֤דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
מֵאֶ֨לֶף֙thousandprep + Adj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
מָצָ֔אתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
וְאִשָּׁ֥הand a womanconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'and a woman'.
בְכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
מָצָֽאתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
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לְבַד֙ רְאֵה זֶ֣ה מָצָ֔אתִי אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֧ה הָאֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת הָאָדָ֖ם יָשָׁ֑ר וְהֵ֥מָּה בִקְשׁ֖וּ חִשְּׁבֹנ֥וֹת רַבִּֽים
Lo, this only have I found, that God has made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'see'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
לְבַד֙besidesprep + N com m sg abs · בַּד (H905)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּד (H905) 'besides'.
רְאֵהseeQal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
מָצָ֔אתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשָׂ֧הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
הָאֱלֹהִ֛יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָאָדָ֖םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
יָשָׁ֑רrightAdj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'right'.
וְהֵ֥מָּהnow theyconj וְ + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'now they'.
בִקְשׁ֖וּseekingPiel perf 3cp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
חִשְּׁבֹנ֥וֹתengineN c · חִשָּׁבוֹן (H2810)Construct chain (genitival)חִשָּׁבוֹן (H2810) 'engine'.
רַבִּֽיםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.