Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Amos, Chapter 4עמוס 4

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Amos 4 (13 verses in the MT) opens: Hear this word, you kine of Bashan, that in the mountain of Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink. The middle of the chapter continues: And also I have withholden the rain from you, when yet three months to the harvest: and I caused it to rain upon one city, and caused it not to rain upon another city: one piece was rained upon, and the piece whereupon. It closes: For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth to man what his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, YHWH, The God of hosts, his name.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Amos 4 comprises 13 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Hear this word, you kine of Bashan, that in the mountain of Samaria, whi. Hear this word, you kine of Bashan, that in the mountain of Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink. YHWH YHWH has sworn by his holiness, that, lo, the days shall come upon you, that he will take you away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks. And you shall go out at the breaches,. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving with leaven, and proclaim publish. And offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving with leaven, and proclaim publish the free offerings: for this liketh you, O you children of Israel, says YHWH YHWH. And I also have given you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, and want of bread in all your places: yet have you not returned to me, says YHWH. And also I have withholden the rain from you, when yet. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: when your gardens and your. I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: when your gardens and your vineyards and your fig trees and your olive trees increased, the palmerworm devoured : yet have you not returned to me, says YHWH. I have sent among you the pestilence after the manner of Egypt: your young men have I slain with the sword, and have taken away your horses; and I have made. Movement IV (vv. 13) — For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and decla. For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth to man what his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, YHWH, The God of hosts, his name. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

שִׁמְע֞וּ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה פָּר֤וֹת הַבָּשָׁן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּהַ֣ר שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן הָעֹשְׁק֣וֹת דַּלִּ֔ים הָרֹצְצ֖וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים הָאֹמְרֹ֥ת לַאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֖ם הָבִ֥יאָה וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה

Hear this word, you kine of Bashan, that in the mountain of Samaria, which oppress the poor, which crush the needy, which say to their masters, Bring, and let us drink.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'his hearing'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
שִׁמְע֞וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
הַדָּבָ֣רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
הַזֶּ֗הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
פָּר֤וֹתcowsN c · פָּרָה (H6510)Construct chain (genitival)פָּרָה (H6510) 'cows'.
הַבָּשָׁן֙Bashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּשָׁן (H1316) 'Bashan'.
אֲשֶׁר֙thatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בְּהַ֣רon the mountainprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'on the mountain'.
שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹןSamariaN · שֹׁמְרוֹן (H8111)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁמְרוֹן (H8111) 'Samaria'.
הָעֹשְׁק֣וֹתyou shall oppressart + Qal ptc fp · עָשַׁק (H6231)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשַׁק (H6231) 'you shall oppress'.
דַּלִּ֔יםpoorAdj · דַּל (H1800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּל (H1800) 'poor'.
הָרֹצְצ֖וֹתand crushedart + Qal ptc fp · רָצַץ (H7533)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָצַץ (H7533) 'and crushed'.
אֶבְיוֹנִ֑יםpoorAdj · אֶבְיוֹן (H34)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבְיוֹן (H34) 'poor'.
הָאֹמְרֹ֥תyou have declaredart + Qal ptc fp · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'you have declared'.
לַאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֖םagainst their lordprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3mp · אָדוֹן (H113)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדוֹן (H113) 'against their lord'.
הָבִ֥יאָהbringHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935) 'bring'.
וְנִשְׁתֶּֽהthat we may drinkconj וְ + Qal impf 1cp · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁתָה (H8354) 'that we may drink'.
2

נִשְׁבַּ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ בְּקָדְשׁ֔וֹ כִּ֛י הִנֵּ֥ה יָמִ֖ים בָּאִ֣ים עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וְנִשָּׂ֤א אֶתְכֶם֙ בְּצִנּ֔וֹת וְאַחֲרִיתְכֶ֖ן בְּסִיר֥וֹת דּוּגָֽה

YHWH YHWH has sworn by his holiness, that, lo, the days shall come upon you, that he will take you away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'are entering'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
נִשְׁבַּ֨עhe sworeN · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִשְׁבַּע (H7650) 'he swore'.
אֲדֹנָ֤יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִה֙YHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
בְּקָדְשׁ֔וֹholyprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הִנֵּ֥הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
יָמִ֖יםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
בָּאִ֣יםare enteringQal ptc mp · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'are entering'.
עֲלֵיכֶ֑םagainst youprep + sfx 2mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against you'.
וְנִשָּׂ֤אand he shall bearconj וְ + Piel q 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Particle or relational elementנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and he shall bear'.
אֶתְכֶם֙youobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you'.
בְּצִנּ֔וֹתbucklerprep + N com m pl abs · צִנָּה (H6793)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִנָּה (H6793) 'buckler'.
וְאַחֲרִיתְכֶ֖ןin the latterconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 2fp · אַחֲרִית (H319)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'in the latter'.
בְּסִיר֥וֹתthe pot ofprep + N com f pl constr · סִיר (H5518)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִיר (H5518) 'the pot of'.
דּוּגָֽהfishN c · דּוּגָה (H1729)Construct chain (genitival)דּוּגָה (H1729) 'fish'.
3

וּפְרָצִ֥ים תֵּצֶ֖אנָה אִשָּׁ֣ה נֶגְדָּ֑הּ וְהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֥נָה הַהַרְמ֖וֹנָה נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

And you shall go out at the breaches, every before her; and you shall cast into the palace, says YHWH.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּפְרָצִ֥יםa breachconj וְ + N com m pl abs · פֶּרֶץ (H6556)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּרֶץ (H6556) 'a breach'.
תֵּצֶ֖אנָהand he went outQal impf 2fp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
אִשָּׁ֣הa womanN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'a woman'.
נֶגְדָּ֑הּat a distanceprep + sfx 3fs · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'at a distance'.
וְהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֥נָהand he threw [it]conj וְ + Hiphil q 2fp · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Particle or relational elementשָׁלַךְ (H7993) 'and he threw [it]'.
הַהַרְמ֖וֹנָהpalaceart + N proper + Sd · הַרְמוֹן (H2038)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַרְמוֹן (H2038) 'palace'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
4

בֹּ֤אוּ בֵֽית אֵל֙ וּפִשְׁע֔וּ הַגִּלְגָּ֖ל הַרְבּ֣וּ לִפְשֹׁ֑עַ וְהָבִ֤יאוּ לַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ זִבְחֵיכֶ֔ם לִשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים מַעְשְׂרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם

Come to Bethel, and transgress; at Gilgal multiply transgression; and bring your sacrifices every morning, your tithes after three years:

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
בֹּ֤אוּcameQal impv 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
בֵֽיתBethelN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel'.
אֵל֙-elN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) '-el'.
וּפִשְׁע֔וּandconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · פָּשַׁע (H6586)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּשַׁע (H6586) 'and'.
הַגִּלְגָּ֖לGilgalart + N proper · גִּלְגָּל (H1537)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְגָּל (H1537) 'Gilgal'.
הַרְבּ֣וּmake greatHiphil impv 2mp · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָבָה (H7235) 'make great'.
לִפְשֹׁ֑עַandprep + Qal inf constr · פָּשַׁע (H6586)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementפָּשַׁע (H6586) 'and'.
וְהָבִ֤יאוּand they shall bringconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935) 'and they shall bring'.
לַבֹּ֨קֶר֙until morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'until morning'.
זִבְחֵיכֶ֔םthe sacrifice ofN c · זֶבַח (H2077)Construct chain (genitival)זֶבַח (H2077) 'the sacrifice of'.
לִשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁתfor threeprep + Adj c · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'for three'.
יָמִ֖יםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
מַעְשְׂרֹֽתֵיכֶֽםyour tithesN c · מַעֲשֵׂר (H4643)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֵׂר (H4643) 'your tithes'.
5

וְקַטֵּ֤ר מֵֽחָמֵץ֙ תּוֹדָ֔ה וְקִרְא֥וּ נְדָב֖וֹת הַשְׁמִ֑יעוּ כִּ֣י כֵ֤ן אֲהַבְתֶּם֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה

And offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving with leaven, and proclaim publish the free offerings: for this liketh you, O you children of Israel, says YHWH YHWH.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'and he shall turn into smoke'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְקַטֵּ֤רand he shall turn into smokeconj וְ + Piel inf abs · קָטַר (H6999)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionקָטַר (H6999) 'and he shall turn into smoke'.
מֵֽחָמֵץ֙leavened breadprep + N com m sg abs · חָמֵץ (H2557)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָמֵץ (H2557) 'leavened bread'.
תּוֹדָ֔הthanksgivingN c · תּוֹדָה (H8426)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹדָה (H8426) 'thanksgiving'.
וְקִרְא֥וּand they shall summonconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָרָא (H7121) 'and they shall summon'.
נְדָב֖וֹתa freewill offeringN c · נְדָבָה (H5071)Construct chain (genitival)נְדָבָה (H5071) 'a freewill offering'.
הַשְׁמִ֑יעוּand he heardHiphil impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֵ֤ןsoart · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אֲהַבְתֶּם֙to loveQal perf 2mp · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָהַב (H157) 'to love'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
נְאֻ֖םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
אֲדֹנָ֥יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִֽהYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
6

וְגַם אֲנִי֩ נָתַ֨תִּי לָכֶ֜ם נִקְי֤וֹן שִׁנַּ֨יִם֙ בְּכָל עָ֣רֵיכֶ֔ם וְחֹ֣סֶר לֶ֔חֶם בְּכֹ֖ל מְקוֹמֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם וְלֹֽא שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

And I also have given you cleanness of teeth in all your cities, and want of bread in all your places: yet have you not returned to me, says YHWH.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have given'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְגַםand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
אֲנִי֩Ipron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
נָתַ֨תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'I have given'.
לָכֶ֜םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
נִקְי֤וֹןand in the innocence ofN c · נִקָּיוֹן (H5356)Construct chain (genitival)נִקָּיוֹן (H5356) 'and in the innocence of'.
שִׁנַּ֨יִם֙teethN c · שֵׁן (H8127)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁן (H8127) 'teeth'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
עָ֣רֵיכֶ֔םyour citiesN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'your cities'.
וְחֹ֣סֶרand in lack ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · חֹסֶר (H2640)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹסֶר (H2640) 'and in lack of'.
לֶ֔חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
בְּכֹ֖לin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
מְקוֹמֹֽתֵיכֶ֑םthe placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'the place'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
שַׁבְתֶּ֥םyou have turned backQal perf 2mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'you have turned back'.
עָדַ֖יto meprep + sfx 1cs · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'to me'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
7

וְגַ֣ם אָנֹכִי֩ מָנַ֨עְתִּי מִכֶּ֜ם אֶת הַגֶּ֗שֶׁם בְּע֨וֹד שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ לַקָּצִ֔יר וְהִמְטַרְתִּי֙ עַל עִ֣יר אֶחָ֔ת וְעַל עִ֥יר אַחַ֖ת לֹ֣א אַמְטִ֑יר חֶלְקָ֤ה אַחַת֙ תִּמָּטֵ֔ר וְחֶלְקָ֛ה אֲשֶֽׁר לֹֽא תַמְטִ֥יר עָלֶ֖יהָ תִּיבָֽשׁ

And also I have withholden the rain from you, when yet three months to the harvest: and I caused it to rain upon one city, and caused it not to rain upon another city: one piece was rained upon, and the piece whereupon it rained not withered.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has withheld you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
וְגַ֣םand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
אָנֹכִי֩Ipron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
מָנַ֨עְתִּיhas withheld youQal perf 1cs · מָנַע (H4513)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָנַע (H4513) 'has withheld you'.
מִכֶּ֜םof youprep + sfx 2mp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of you'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַגֶּ֗שֶׁםthe rainart + N com m sg abs · גֶּשֶׁם (H1653)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּשֶׁם (H1653) 'the rain'.
בְּע֨וֹדwithin yetprep + art · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'within yet'.
שְׁלֹשָׁ֤הthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
חֳדָשִׁים֙monthsN c · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Construct chain (genitival)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'months'.
לַקָּצִ֔ירharvest ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · קָצִיר (H7105)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָצִיר (H7105) 'harvest of'.
וְהִמְטַרְתִּי֙about to rain downconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · מָטַר (H4305)Particle or relational elementמָטַר (H4305) 'about to rain down'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
עִ֣ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
אֶחָ֔תoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
עִ֥ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
אַחַ֖תoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אַמְטִ֑ירabout to rain downHiphil impf 1cs · מָטַר (H4305)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָטַר (H4305) 'about to rain down'.
חֶלְקָ֤הthe portion ofN c · חֶלְקָה (H2513)Construct chain (genitival)חֶלְקָה (H2513) 'the portion of'.
אַחַת֙oneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
תִּמָּטֵ֔רabout to rain downN · מָטַר (H4305)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָטַר (H4305) 'about to rain down'.
וְחֶלְקָ֛הthe portion ofconj וְ + N com f sg abs · חֶלְקָה (H2513)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶלְקָה (H2513) 'the portion of'.
אֲשֶֽׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תַמְטִ֥ירabout to rain downHiphil impf 3fs · מָטַר (H4305)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָטַר (H4305) 'about to rain down'.
עָלֶ֖יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
תִּיבָֽשׁwas dryQal impf 3fs · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
8

וְנָע֡וּ שְׁתַּיִם֩ שָׁלֹ֨שׁ עָרִ֜ים אֶל עִ֥יר אַחַ֛ת לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם וְלֹ֣א יִשְׂבָּ֑עוּ וְלֹֽא שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

So two three cities wandered to one city, to drink water; but they were not satisfied: yet have you not returned to me, says YHWH.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to drink'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְנָע֡וּwanderingconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · נוּעַ (H5128)Particle or relational elementנוּעַ (H5128) 'wandering'.
שְׁתַּיִם֩twoAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
שָׁלֹ֨שׁthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
עָרִ֜יםcitiesN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'cities'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עִ֥ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
אַחַ֛תoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
לִשְׁתּ֥וֹתto drinkprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁתָה (H8354)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'.
מַ֖יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִשְׂבָּ֑עוּand be satisfiedQal impf 3mp · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
שַׁבְתֶּ֥םyou have turned backQal perf 2mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'you have turned back'.
עָדַ֖יto meprep + sfx 1cs · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'to me'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
9

הִכֵּ֣יתִי אֶתְכֶם֮ בַּשִּׁדָּפ֣וֹן וּבַיֵּרָקוֹן֒ הַרְבּ֨וֹת גַּנּוֹתֵיכֶ֧ם וְכַרְמֵיכֶ֛ם וּתְאֵנֵיכֶ֥ם וְזֵיתֵיכֶ֖ם יֹאכַ֣ל הַגָּזָ֑ם וְלֹֽא שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

I have smitten you with blasting and mildew: when your gardens and your vineyards and your fig trees and your olive trees increased, the palmerworm devoured : yet have you not returned to me, says YHWH.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they struck'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
הִכֵּ֣יתִיand they struckHiphil perf 1cs · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהִכָּה (H5221) 'and they struck'.
אֶתְכֶם֮youobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you'.
בַּשִּׁדָּפ֣וֹןand with blightprep + art + N com m sg abs · שִׁדָּפוֹן (H7711)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁדָּפוֹן (H7711) 'and with blight'.
וּבַיֵּרָקוֹן֒and with mildewconj וְ + prep + art + N com m sg abs · יֵרָקוֹן (H3420)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֵרָקוֹן (H3420) 'and with mildew'.
הַרְבּ֨וֹתto multiplyHiphil inf constr · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָבָה (H7235) 'to multiply'.
גַּנּוֹתֵיכֶ֧םlike gardensN c · גַּן (H1593)Construct chain (genitival)גַּן (H1593) 'like gardens'.
וְכַרְמֵיכֶ֛םa vineyardconj וְ + N com c pl constr + sfx 2mp · כֶּרֶם (H3754)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּרֶם (H3754) 'a vineyard'.
וּתְאֵנֵיכֶ֥םand fig treeconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 2mp · תְּאֵנָה (H8384)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּאֵנָה (H8384) 'and fig tree'.
וְזֵיתֵיכֶ֖םoliveconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 2mp · זַיִת (H2132)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זַיִת (H2132) 'olive'.
יֹאכַ֣לshall eatQal impf 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'shall eat'.
הַגָּזָ֑םpalmer-wormart + N com m sg abs · גָּזָם (H1501)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּזָם (H1501) 'palmer-worm'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
שַׁבְתֶּ֥םyou have turned backQal perf 2mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'you have turned back'.
עָדַ֖יto meprep + sfx 1cs · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'to me'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
10

שִׁלַּ֨חְתִּי בָכֶ֥ם דֶּ֨בֶר֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם הָרַ֤גְתִּי בַחֶ֨רֶב֙ בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם עִ֖ם שְׁבִ֣י סֽוּסֵיכֶ֑ם וָאַעֲלֶ֞ה בְּאֹ֤שׁ מַחֲנֵיכֶם֙ וּֽבְאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

I have sent among you the pestilence after the manner of Egypt: your young men have I slain with the sword, and have taken away your horses; and I have made the stink of your camps to come up to your nostrils: yet have you not returned to me, says YHWH.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I sent'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
שִׁלַּ֨חְתִּיI sentPiel perf 1cs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'I sent'.
בָכֶ֥םagainst youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against you'.
דֶּ֨בֶר֙a pestilenceN c · דֶּבֶר (H1698)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּבֶר (H1698) 'a pestilence'.
בְּדֶ֣רֶךְon the wayprep + N com c sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
מִצְרַ֔יִםEgyptN · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'.
הָרַ֤גְתִּיI have killedQal perf 1cs · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָרַג (H2026) 'I have killed'.
בַחֶ֨רֶב֙with the swordprep + art + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'with the sword'.
בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔םyoung manN c · בָּחוּר (H970)Construct chain (genitival)בָּחוּר (H970) 'young man'.
עִ֖םwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
שְׁבִ֣יcaptivesN c · שְׁבִי (H7628)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁבִי (H7628) 'captives'.
סֽוּסֵיכֶ֑םhorseN c · סוּס (H5483)Construct chain (genitival)סוּס (H5483) 'horse'.
וָאַעֲלֶ֞הand he went upconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 1cs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) 'and he went up'.
בְּאֹ֤שׁstinkN c · בְּאֹשׁ (H889)Construct chain (genitival)בְּאֹשׁ (H889) 'stink'.
מַחֲנֵיכֶם֙the campN c · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'the camp'.
וּֽבְאַפְּכֶ֔םthe anger ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2mp · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
שַׁבְתֶּ֥םyou have turned backQal perf 2mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'you have turned back'.
עָדַ֖יto meprep + sfx 1cs · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'to me'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
11

הָפַ֣כְתִּי בָכֶ֗ם כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֤ת אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת סְדֹ֣ם וְאֶת עֲמֹרָ֔ה וַתִּהְי֕וּ כְּא֖וּד מֻצָּ֣ל מִשְׂרֵפָ֑ה וְלֹֽא שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם יְהוָֽה

I have overthrown of you, as God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and you were as a firebrand plucked out of the burning: yet have you not returned to me, says YHWH.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
הָפַ֣כְתִּיhas turnedQal perf 1cs · הָפַךְ (H2015)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
בָכֶ֗םagainst youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against you'.
כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֤תlike the overthrow ofprep + N com f sg constr · מַהְפֵּכָה (H4114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַהְפֵּכָה (H4114) 'like the overthrow of'.
אֱלֹהִים֙GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
סְדֹ֣םSodomN · סְדֹם (H5467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סְדֹם (H5467) 'Sodom'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
עֲמֹרָ֔הGomorrahN · עֲמֹרָה (H6017)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲמֹרָה (H6017) 'Gomorrah'.
וַתִּהְי֕וּand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
כְּא֖וּד(fire-) brandprep + N com m sg abs · אוּד (H181)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוּד (H181) '(fire-) brand'.
מֻצָּ֣לhas deliveredHophal ptc ms · נָצַל (H5337)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַל (H5337) 'has delivered'.
מִשְׂרֵפָ֑הthe burningprep + N com f sg abs · שְׂרֵפָה (H8316)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂרֵפָה (H8316) 'the burning'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
שַׁבְתֶּ֥םyou have turned backQal perf 2mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'you have turned back'.
עָדַ֖יto meprep + sfx 1cs · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'to me'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
12

לָכֵ֕ן כֹּ֥ה אֶעֱשֶׂה לְּךָ֖ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עֵ֚קֶב כִּֽי זֹ֣את אֶֽעֱשֶׂה לָּ֔ךְ הִכּ֥וֹן לִקְרַאת אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

Therefore thus will I do to you, O Israel: because I will do this to you, prepare to meet your God, O Israel.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
לָכֵ֕ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
כֹּ֥הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אֶעֱשֶׂהI will doQal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I will do'.
לְּךָ֖to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
עֵ֚קֶבbecauseN c · עֵקֶב (H6118)Construct chain (genitival)עֵקֶב (H6118) 'because'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
זֹ֣אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
אֶֽעֱשֶׂהI will doQal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I will do'.
לָּ֔ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
הִכּ֥וֹןreadyN · כּוּן (H3559)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
לִקְרַאתto meetprep + Qal inf constr · קָרָא (H7125)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7125) 'to meet'.
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
13

כִּ֡י הִנֵּה֩ יוֹצֵ֨ר הָרִ֜ים וּבֹרֵ֣א ר֗וּחַ וּמַגִּ֤יד לְאָדָם֙ מַה שֵּׂח֔וֹ עֹשֵׂ֥ה שַׁ֨חַר֙ עֵיפָ֔ה וְדֹרֵ֖ךְ עַל בָּ֣מֳתֵי אָ֑רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ

For, lo, he that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth to man what his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth, YHWH, The God of hosts, his name.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'formed'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
כִּ֡יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הִנֵּה֩beholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
יוֹצֵ֨רformedQal ptc ms · יָצַר (H3335)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
הָרִ֜יםhillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
וּבֹרֵ֣אcreatedconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · בָּרָא (H1254)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּרָא (H1254) 'created'.
ר֗וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
וּמַגִּ֤ידand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil ptc ms · נָגַד (H5046)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
לְאָדָם֙to manprep + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'to man'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
שֵּׂח֔וֹthoughtN c · שֵׂחַ (H7808)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׂחַ (H7808) 'thought'.
עֹשֵׂ֥הhe didQal ptc ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
שַׁ֨חַר֙the dawnN c · שַׁחַר (H7837)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַר (H7837) 'the dawn'.
עֵיפָ֔הdarknessN c · עֵיפָה (H5890)Construct chain (genitival)עֵיפָה (H5890) 'darkness'.
וְדֹרֵ֖ךְhe trodconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · דָּרַךְ (H1869)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדָּרַךְ (H1869) 'he trod'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בָּ֣מֳתֵיheights ofN c · בָּמָה (H1116)Construct chain (genitival)בָּמָה (H1116) 'heights of'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵֽיthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
שְׁמֽוֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.