Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Amos, Chapter 5עמוס 5

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Amos 5 (27 verses in the MT) opens: Hear you this word which I take up against you, a lamentation, O house of Israel. The middle of the chapter continues: Seek good, and not evil, that you may live: and so YHWH, the God of hosts, shall be with you, as you have spoken. It closes: Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus, says YHWH, whose name The God of hosts.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Amos 5 comprises 27 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-6) — Hear you this word which I take up against you, a lamentation, O house o. Hear you this word which I take up against you, a lamentation, O house of Israel. The virgin of Israel is fallen; she shall no more rise: she is forsaken upon her land; none to raise her up. For thus says YHWH YHWH; The city that went out a thousand shall leave an hundred, and that which went forth an hundred shall leave ten, to the house of Israel. For. Movement II (vv. 7-12) — You who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave off righteousness in the ea. You who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave off righteousness in the earth, that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: YHWH his name: That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong, so. Movement III (vv. 13-18) — Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time; for it an evil ti. Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time; for it an evil time. Seek good, and not evil, that you may live: and so YHWH, the God of hosts, shall be with you, as you have spoken. Hate the evil, and love the good, and establish judgment in the gate: it may be that YHWH God of hosts will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph. Therefore YHWH, the God. Movement IV (vv. 19-24) — As if a man did flee from a lion, and a bear met him; or went into the h. As if a man did flee from a lion, and a bear met him; or went into the house, and leaned his hand on the wall, and a serpent bit him. not the day of YHWH darkness, and not light? even very dark, and no brightness in it? I hate, I despise your feast days, and I will not smell in your solemn assemblies. Though you offer me burnt offerings and your meat. Movement V (vv. 25-27) — Have you offered to me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty. Have you offered to me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, O house of Israel? But you have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which you made to yourselves. Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus, says YHWH, whose name The God of hosts. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

שִׁמְע֞וּ אֶת הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָנֹכִ֜י נֹשֵׂ֧א עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם קִינָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

Hear you this word which I take up against you, a lamentation, O house of Israel.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'his hearing'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
שִׁמְע֞וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַדָּבָ֣רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
הַזֶּ֗הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
אָנֹכִ֜יIpron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
נֹשֵׂ֧אlifts upQal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
עֲלֵיכֶ֛םagainst youprep + sfx 2mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against you'.
קִינָ֖הlamentationN c · קִינָה (H7015)Construct chain (genitival)קִינָה (H7015) 'lamentation'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
2

נָֽפְלָה֙ לֹֽא תוֹסִ֣יף ק֔וּם בְּתוּלַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נִטְּשָׁ֥ה עַל אַדְמָתָ֖הּ אֵ֥ין מְקִימָֽהּ

The virgin of Israel is fallen; she shall no more rise: she is forsaken upon her land; none to raise her up.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'fell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
נָֽפְלָה֙fellQal perf 3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַל (H5307) 'fell'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תוֹסִ֣יףhe shall addHiphil impf 3fs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
ק֔וּםriseQal inf constr · קוּם (H6965)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקוּם (H6965) 'rise'.
בְּתוּלַ֖תa virgin ofN c · בְּתוּלָה (H1330)Construct chain (genitival)בְּתוּלָה (H1330) 'a virgin of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
נִטְּשָׁ֥הand he forsookN · נָטַשׁ (H5203)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָטַשׁ (H5203) 'and he forsook'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אַדְמָתָ֖הּthe groundN c · אֲדָמָה (H127)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'the ground'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מְקִימָֽהּand he aroseHiphil ptc ms + sfx 3fs · קוּם (H6965)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
3

כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הָעִ֛יר הַיֹּצֵ֥את אֶ֖לֶף תַּשְׁאִ֣יר מֵאָ֑ה וְהַיּוֹצֵ֥את מֵאָ֛ה תַּשְׁאִ֥יר עֲשָׂרָ֖ה לְבֵ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

For thus says YHWH YHWH; The city that went out a thousand shall leave an hundred, and that which went forth an hundred shall leave ten, to the house of Israel.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֹ֤הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַר֙he saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֔הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
הָעִ֛ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
הַיֹּצֵ֥אתwho comes outart + Qal ptc fs · יָצָא (H3318)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצָא (H3318) 'who comes out'.
אֶ֖לֶףthousandAdj · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
תַּשְׁאִ֣ירhe leftHiphil impf 3fs · שָׁאַר (H7604)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁאַר (H7604) 'he left'.
מֵאָ֑הa hundredAdj · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'a hundred'.
וְהַיּוֹצֵ֥אתand he went outconj וְ + art + Qal ptc fs · יָצָא (H3318)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
מֵאָ֛הa hundredAdj · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'a hundred'.
תַּשְׁאִ֥ירhe leftHiphil impf 3fs · שָׁאַר (H7604)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁאַר (H7604) 'he left'.
עֲשָׂרָ֖הtenAdj · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'.
לְבֵ֥יתby the house ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'by the house of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
4

כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל דִּרְשׁ֖וּנִי וִֽחְיֽוּ

For thus says YHWH to the house of Israel, Seek you me, and you shall live:

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֹ֥הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֛רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לְבֵ֣יתby the house ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'by the house of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
דִּרְשׁ֖וּנִיI will requireQal impv 2mp + sfx 1cs · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'I will require'.
וִֽחְיֽוּand liveconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָיָה (H2421) 'and live'.
5

וְאַֽל תִּדְרְשׁוּ֙ בֵּֽית אֵ֔ל וְהַגִּלְגָּל֙ לֹ֣א תָבֹ֔אוּ וּבְאֵ֥ר שֶׁ֖בַע לֹ֣א תַעֲבֹ֑רוּ כִּ֤י הַגִּלְגָּל֙ גָּלֹ֣ה יִגְלֶ֔ה וּבֵֽית אֵ֖ל יִהְיֶ֥ה לְאָֽוֶן

But seek not Bethel, nor enter into Gilgal, and pass not to Beersheba: for Gilgal shall surely go into captivity, and Bethel shall come to nought.

Jussive — volitional
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall seek'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְאַֽלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תִּדְרְשׁוּ֙you shall seekQal jussive 2mp · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'you shall seek'.
בֵּֽיתBethelN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) 'Bethel'.
אֵ֔ל-elN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) '-el'.
וְהַגִּלְגָּל֙Gilgalconj וְ + art + N proper · גִּלְגָּל (H1537)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְגָּל (H1537) 'Gilgal'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תָבֹ֔אוּyou comeQal impf 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
וּבְאֵ֥רand Beerconj וְ + N proper · בְּאֵר (H884)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּאֵר (H884) 'and Beer'.
שֶׁ֖בַע-shebaAdj · בְּאֵר (H884)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּאֵר (H884) '-sheba'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תַעֲבֹ֑רוּyou crossQal impf 2mp · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַר (H5674) 'you cross'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הַגִּלְגָּל֙Gilgalart + N proper · גִּלְגָּל (H1537)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְגָּל (H1537) 'Gilgal'.
גָּלֹ֣הhe has uncoveredQal inf abs · גָּלָה (H1540)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionגָּלָה (H1540) 'he has uncovered'.
יִגְלֶ֔הhe shall uncoverQal impf 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּלָה (H1540) 'he shall uncover'.
וּבֵֽיתand Beth-conj וְ + N proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) 'and Beth-'.
אֵ֖ל-elN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) '-el'.
יִהְיֶ֥הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
לְאָֽוֶןiniquityprep + N com m sg abs · אוֹן (H205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
6

דִּרְשׁ֥וּ אֶת יְהוָ֖ה וִֽחְי֑וּ פֶּן יִצְלַ֤ח כָּאֵשׁ֙ בֵּ֣ית יוֹסֵ֔ף וְאָכְלָ֥ה וְאֵין מְכַבֶּ֖ה לְבֵֽית אֵֽל

Seek YHWH, and you shall live; lest he break out like fire in the house of Joseph, and devour , and none to quench in Bethel.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'I will require'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
דִּרְשׁ֥וּI will requireQal impv 2mp · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'I will require'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וִֽחְי֑וּand liveconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָיָה (H2421) 'and live'.
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
יִצְלַ֤חmakes prosperQal impf 3ms · צָלַח (H6743)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָלַח (H6743) 'makes prosper'.
כָּאֵשׁ֙like fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'like fire'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יוֹסֵ֔ףJosephN · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹסֵף (H3130) 'Joseph'.
וְאָכְלָ֥הso I may eatconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Particle or relational elementאָכַל (H398) 'so I may eat'.
וְאֵיןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מְכַבֶּ֖הit shall go outPiel ptc ms · כָּבָה (H3518)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּבָה (H3518) 'it shall go out'.
לְבֵֽיתtoward Beth-prep + N proper · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) 'toward Beth-'.
אֵֽל-elN · בֵּית-אֵל (H1008)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית-אֵל (H1008) '-el'.
7

הַהֹפְכִ֥ים לְלַעֲנָ֖ה מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה לָאָ֥רֶץ הִנִּֽיחוּ

You who turn judgment to wormwood, and leave off righteousness in the earth,

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'has turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הַהֹפְכִ֥יםhas turnedart + Qal ptc mp · הָפַךְ (H2015)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
לְלַעֲנָ֖הand wormwoodprep + N com f sg abs · לַעֲנָה (H3939)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַעֲנָה (H3939) 'and wormwood'.
מִשְׁפָּ֑טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
וּצְדָקָ֖הand righteousnessconj וְ + N com f sg abs · צְדָקָה (H6666)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'and righteousness'.
לָאָ֥רֶץfor the landprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'for the land'.
הִנִּֽיחוּset aside, leaveHiphil perf 3cp · נוּחַ (H3240)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּחַ (H3240) 'set aside, leave'.
8

עֹשֵׂ֨ה כִימָ֜ה וּכְסִ֗יל וְהֹפֵ֤ךְ לַבֹּ֨קֶר֙ צַלְמָ֔וֶת וְי֖וֹם לַ֣יְלָה הֶחְשִׁ֑יךְ הַקּוֹרֵ֣א לְמֵֽי הַיָּ֗ם וַֽיִּשְׁפְּכֵ֛ם עַל פְּנֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה שְׁמֽוֹ

that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: YHWH his name:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he did'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
עֹשֵׂ֨הhe didQal ptc ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
כִימָ֜הPleiadesN · כִּימָה (H3598)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כִּימָה (H3598) 'Pleiades'.
וּכְסִ֗ילandconj וְ + N proper · כְּסִיל (H3685)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3685) 'and'.
וְהֹפֵ֤ךְhas turnedconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · הָפַךְ (H2015)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
לַבֹּ֨קֶר֙until morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'until morning'.
צַלְמָ֔וֶתshadow of deathN c · צַלְמָוֶת (H6757)Construct chain (genitival)צַלְמָוֶת (H6757) 'shadow of death'.
וְי֖וֹםbut the day ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'but the day of'.
לַ֣יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
הֶחְשִׁ֑יךְand...was darkenedHiphil perf 3ms · חָשַׁךְ (H2821)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָשַׁךְ (H2821) 'and...was darkened'.
הַקּוֹרֵ֣אand he calledart + Qal ptc ms · קָרָא (H7121)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
לְמֵֽיto the waters ofprep + N com m pl constr · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'to the waters of'.
הַיָּ֗םthe seaart + N com m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָם (H3220) 'the sea'.
וַֽיִּשְׁפְּכֵ֛םhe shall pour outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פְּנֵ֥יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
שְׁמֽוֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
9

הַמַּבְלִ֥יג שֹׁ֖ד עַל עָ֑ז וְשֹׁ֖ד עַל מִבְצָ֥ר יָבֽוֹא

That strengtheneth the spoiled against the strong, so that the spoiled shall come against the fortress.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'comfort'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הַמַּבְלִ֥יגcomfortart + Hiphil ptc ms · בָּלַג (H1082)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּלַג (H1082) 'comfort'.
שֹׁ֖דdesolationN c · שֹׁד (H7701)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁד (H7701) 'desolation'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
עָ֑זstrongAdj · עַז (H5794)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַז (H5794) 'strong'.
וְשֹׁ֖דdesolationconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֹׁד (H7701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁד (H7701) 'desolation'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מִבְצָ֥רthe fortress ofN c · מִבְצָר (H4013)Construct chain (genitival)מִבְצָר (H4013) 'the fortress of'.
יָבֽוֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
10

שָׂנְא֥וּ בַשַּׁ֖עַר מוֹכִ֑יחַ וְדֹבֵ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים יְתָעֵֽבוּ

They hate him that rebuketh in the gate, and they abhor him that speaketh uprightly.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'hating'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שָׂנְא֥וּhatingQal perf 3cp · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
בַשַּׁ֖עַרin the gate ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'in the gate of'.
מוֹכִ֑יחַand you are vindicatedHiphil ptc ms · יָכַח (H3198)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָכַח (H3198) 'and you are vindicated'.
וְדֹבֵ֥רand he shall speakconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he shall speak'.
תָּמִ֖יםwithout blemishAdj · תָּמִים (H8549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8549) 'without blemish'.
יְתָעֵֽבוּyou shall abhorPiel impf 3mp · תָּעַב (H8581)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּעַב (H8581) 'you shall abhor'.
11

לָ֠כֵן יַ֣עַן בּוֹשַׁסְכֶ֞ם עַל דָּ֗ל וּמַשְׂאַת בַּר֙ תִּקְח֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ בָּתֵּ֥י גָזִ֛ית בְּנִיתֶ֖ם וְלֹא תֵ֣שְׁבוּ בָ֑ם כַּרְמֵי חֶ֣מֶד נְטַעְתֶּ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁתּ֖וּ אֶת יֵינָֽם

Forasmuch therefore as your treading upon the poor, and you take from him burdens of wheat: you have built houses of hewn stone, but you shall not dwell in them; you have planted pleasant vineyards, but you shall not drink wine of them.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'tread'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
לָ֠כֵןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
יַ֣עַןbecauseconj וְ · יַעַן (H3282)Particle or relational elementיַעַן (H3282) 'because'.
בּוֹשַׁסְכֶ֞םtreadPoel inf constr + sfx 2mp · בָּשַׁס (H1318)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּשַׁס (H1318) 'tread'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
דָּ֗לpoorAdj · דַּל (H1800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּל (H1800) 'poor'.
וּמַשְׂאַתportionsconj וְ + N com f sg constr · מַשְׂאֵת (H4864)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַשְׂאֵת (H4864) 'portions'.
בַּר֙grainN c · בַּר (H1250)Construct chain (genitival)בַּר (H1250) 'grain'.
תִּקְח֣וּyou shall takeQal impf 2mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָקַח (H3947) 'you shall take'.
מִמֶּ֔נּוּfrom itprep + sfx 1cp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
בָּתֵּ֥יthe houses ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the houses of'.
גָזִ֛יתhewn stoneN c · גָּזִית (H1496)Construct chain (genitival)גָּזִית (H1496) 'hewn stone'.
בְּנִיתֶ֖םyou builtQal perf 2mp · בָּנָה (H1129)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּנָה (H1129) 'you built'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תֵ֣שְׁבוּyou shall dwellQal impf 2mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'you shall dwell'.
בָ֑םagainst themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against them'.
כַּרְמֵיa vineyardN c · כֶּרֶם (H3754)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּרֶם (H3754) 'a vineyard'.
חֶ֣מֶדdesirableN c · חֶמֶד (H2531)Construct chain (genitival)חֶמֶד (H2531) 'desirable'.
נְטַעְתֶּ֔םyou plantedQal perf 2mp · נָטַע (H5193)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָטַע (H5193) 'you planted'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תִשְׁתּ֖וּto drinkQal impf 2mp · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יֵינָֽםtheir wineN c · יַיִן (H3196)Construct chain (genitival)יַיִן (H3196) 'their wine'.
12

כִּ֤י יָדַ֨עְתִּי֙ רַבִּ֣ים פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲצֻמִ֖ים חַטֹּֽאתֵיכֶ֑ם צֹרְרֵ֤י צַדִּיק֙ לֹ֣קְחֵי כֹ֔פֶר וְאֶבְיוֹנִ֖ים בַּשַּׁ֥עַר הִטּֽוּ

For I know your manifold transgressions and your mighty sins: they afflict the just, they take a bribe, and they turn aside the poor in the gate .

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָדַ֨עְתִּי֙I knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
רַבִּ֣יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
פִּשְׁעֵיכֶ֔םand transgressionN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'and transgression'.
וַעֲצֻמִ֖יםand mightierconj וְ + Adj · עָצוּם (H6099)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָצוּם (H6099) 'and mightier'.
חַטֹּֽאתֵיכֶ֑םyour sinsN c · חַטָּאת (H2403)Construct chain (genitival)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'your sins'.
צֹרְרֵ֤יand it will besiegeQal ptc mp · צָרַר (H6887)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַר (H6887) 'and it will besiege'.
צַדִּיק֙righteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
לֹ֣קְחֵיthose takingQal ptc mp · לָקַח (H3947)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלָקַח (H3947) 'those taking'.
כֹ֔פֶרa ransomN c · כֹּפֶר (H3724)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּפֶר (H3724) 'a ransom'.
וְאֶבְיוֹנִ֖יםpoorconj וְ + Adj · אֶבְיוֹן (H34)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבְיוֹן (H34) 'poor'.
בַּשַּׁ֥עַרin the gate ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'in the gate of'.
הִטּֽוּstretch outHiphil perf 3cp · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
13

לָכֵ֗ן הַמַּשְׂכִּ֛יל בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖יא יִדֹּ֑ם כִּ֛י עֵ֥ת רָעָ֖ה הִֽיא

Therefore the prudent shall keep silence in that time; for it an evil time.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'you may prosper'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
לָכֵ֗ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
הַמַּשְׂכִּ֛ילyou may prosperart + Hiphil ptc ms · שָׂכַל (H7919)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂכַל (H7919) 'you may prosper'.
בָּעֵ֥תat the timeprep + art + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
הַהִ֖יאthatart + pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יִדֹּ֑םthey are stillQal impf 3ms · דָּמַם (H1826)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּמַם (H1826) 'they are still'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עֵ֥תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
רָעָ֖הevilAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
הִֽיאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
14

דִּרְשׁוּ ט֥וֹב וְאַל רָ֖ע לְמַ֣עַן תִּֽחְי֑וּ וִיהִי כֵ֞ן יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֵֽי צְבָא֛וֹת אִתְּכֶ֖ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲמַרְתֶּֽם

Seek good, and not evil, that you may live: and so YHWH, the God of hosts, shall be with you, as you have spoken.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'I will require'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
דִּרְשׁוּI will requireQal impv 2mp · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'I will require'.
ט֥וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
רָ֖עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
לְמַ֣עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
תִּֽחְי֑וּyou may liveQal impf 2mp · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָיָה (H2421) 'you may live'.
וִיהִיand it happenedconj וְ + Qal jussive 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
כֵ֞ןsoart · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יְהוָ֧הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵֽיthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
צְבָא֛וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
אִתְּכֶ֖םwith youprep + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with you'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֥רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
אֲמַרְתֶּֽםyou saidQal perf 2mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'you said'.
15

שִׂנְאוּ רָע֙ וְאֶ֣הֱבוּ ט֔וֹב וְהַצִּ֥יגוּ בַשַּׁ֖עַר מִשְׁפָּ֑ט אוּלַ֗י יֶֽחֱנַ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁאֵרִ֥ית יוֹסֵֽף

Hate the evil, and love the good, and establish judgment in the gate: it may be that YHWH God of hosts will be gracious to the remnant of Joseph.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'hating'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
שִׂנְאוּhatingQal impv 2mp · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
רָע֙badAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
וְאֶ֣הֱבוּto loveconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָהַב (H157) 'to love'.
ט֔וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וְהַצִּ֥יגוּto setconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2mp · יָצַג (H3322)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָצַג (H3322) 'to set'.
בַשַּׁ֖עַרin the gate ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'in the gate of'.
מִשְׁפָּ֑טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
אוּלַ֗יperhapsart · אוּלַי (H194)Particle or relational elementאוּלַי (H194) 'perhaps'.
יֶֽחֱנַ֛ןpity meQal impf 3ms · חָנַן (H2603)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָנַן (H2603) 'pity me'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵֽיthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
שְׁאֵרִ֥יתa remnantN c · שְׁאֵרִית (H7611)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁאֵרִית (H7611) 'a remnant'.
יוֹסֵֽףJosephN · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹסֵף (H3130) 'Joseph'.
16

לָ֠כֵן כֹּֽה אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י צְבָאוֹת֙ אֲדֹנָ֔י בְּכָל רְחֹב֣וֹת מִסְפֵּ֔ד וּבְכָל חוּצ֖וֹת יֹאמְר֣וּ הוֹ ה֑וֹ וְקָרְא֤וּ אִכָּר֙ אֶל אֵ֔בֶל וּמִסְפֵּ֖ד אֶל י֥וֹדְעֵי נֶֽהִי

Therefore YHWH, the God of hosts, YHWH, says thus; Wailing in all streets; and they shall say in all the highways, Alas! alas! and they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and such as are skilful of lamentation to wailing.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
לָ֠כֵןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
כֹּֽהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֨רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵ֤יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
צְבָאוֹת֙of troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
אֲדֹנָ֔יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
רְחֹב֣וֹתin the squareN c · רְחוֹב (H7339)Construct chain (genitival)רְחוֹב (H7339) 'in the square'.
מִסְפֵּ֔דlamentationN c · מִסְפֵּד (H4553)Construct chain (genitival)מִסְפֵּד (H4553) 'lamentation'.
וּבְכָלand with allconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and with all'.
חוּצ֖וֹתoutsideN c · חוּץ (H2351)Construct chain (genitival)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside'.
יֹאמְר֣וּthey sayQal impf 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'they say'.
הוֹalasparticle · הוֹ (H1930)Particle or relational elementהוֹ (H1930) 'alas'.
ה֑וֹalasparticle · הוֹ (H1930)Particle or relational elementהוֹ (H1930) 'alas'.
וְקָרְא֤וּand they shall summonconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · קָרָא (H7121)Particle or relational elementקָרָא (H7121) 'and they shall summon'.
אִכָּר֙husbandmanN c · אִכָּר (H406)Construct chain (genitival)אִכָּר (H406) 'husbandman'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֵ֔בֶלmourningN c · אֵבֶל (H60)Construct chain (genitival)אֵבֶל (H60) 'mourning'.
וּמִסְפֵּ֖דlamentationconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מִסְפֵּד (H4553)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְפֵּד (H4553) 'lamentation'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
י֥וֹדְעֵיI knowQal ptc mp · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
נֶֽהִיlamentationN c · נְהִי (H5092)Construct chain (genitival)נְהִי (H5092) 'lamentation'.
17

וּבְכָל כְּרָמִ֖ים מִסְפֵּ֑ד כִּֽי אֶעֱבֹ֥ר בְּקִרְבְּךָ֖ אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה

And in all vineyards wailing: for I will pass through you, says YHWH.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I cross'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּבְכָלand with allconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and with all'.
כְּרָמִ֖יםvineyardsN c · כֶּרֶם (H3754)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּרֶם (H3754) 'vineyards'.
מִסְפֵּ֑דlamentationN c · מִסְפֵּד (H4553)Construct chain (genitival)מִסְפֵּד (H4553) 'lamentation'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֶעֱבֹ֥רI crossQal impf 1cs · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַר (H5674) 'I cross'.
בְּקִרְבְּךָ֖in your midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in your midst'.
אָמַ֥רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
18

ה֥וֹי הַמִּתְאַוִּ֖ים אֶת י֣וֹם יְהוָ֑ה לָמָּה זֶּ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם י֥וֹם יְהוָ֖ה הוּא חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא אֽוֹר

Woe to you that desire the day of YHWH! to what end it for you? the day of YHWH darkness, and not light.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'who had craved'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ה֥וֹיahparticle · הוֹי (H1945)Particle or relational elementהוֹי (H1945) 'ah'.
הַמִּתְאַוִּ֖יםwho had cravedart + Hithpael ptc mp · אָוָה (H183)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָוָה (H183) 'who had craved'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
י֣וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לָמָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
זֶּ֥הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
לָכֶ֛םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
י֥וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
חֹ֥שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אֽוֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
19

כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָנ֥וּס אִישׁ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָאֲרִ֔י וּפְגָע֖וֹ הַדֹּ֑ב וּבָ֣א הַבַּ֔יִת וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדוֹ֙ עַל הַקִּ֔יר וּנְשָׁכ֖וֹ הַנָּחָֽשׁ

As if a man did flee from a lion, and a bear met him; or went into the house, and leaned his hand on the wall, and a serpent bit him.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'flees'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כַּאֲשֶׁ֨רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
יָנ֥וּסfleesQal impf 3ms · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנוּס (H5127) 'flees'.
אִישׁ֙a manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
מִפְּנֵ֣יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
הָאֲרִ֔יa lionart + N com m sg abs · אַרְיֵה (H738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְיֵה (H738) 'a lion'.
וּפְגָע֖וֹand entreatconj וְ + Qal q 3ms + sfx 3ms · פָּגַע (H6293)Particle or relational elementפָּגַע (H6293) 'and entreat'.
הַדֹּ֑בbearart + N com m sg abs · דֹּב (H1677)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֹּב (H1677) 'bear'.
וּבָ֣אand he shall comeconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Particle or relational elementבּוֹא (H935) 'and he shall come'.
הַבַּ֔יִתthe houseart + N com m sg abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house'.
וְסָמַ֤ךְand he shall layconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · סָמַךְ (H5564)Particle or relational elementסָמַךְ (H5564) 'and he shall lay'.
יָדוֹ֙his handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַקִּ֔ירthe wallart + N com m sg abs · קִיר (H7023)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיר (H7023) 'the wall'.
וּנְשָׁכ֖וֹyou shall charge interestconj וְ + Qal q 3ms + sfx 3ms · נָשַׁךְ (H5391)Particle or relational elementנָשַׁךְ (H5391) 'you shall charge interest'.
הַנָּחָֽשׁthe serpentart + N com m sg abs · נָחָשׁ (H5175)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָחָשׁ (H5175) 'the serpent'.
20

הֲלֹא חֹ֛שֶׁךְ י֥וֹם יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹא א֑וֹר וְאָפֵ֖ל וְלֹא נֹ֥גַֽהּ לֽוֹ

not the day of YHWH darkness, and not light? even very dark, and no brightness in it?

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
הֲלֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
חֹ֛שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
י֥וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
א֑וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
וְאָפֵ֖לandconj וְ + Adj · אָפֵל (H651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָפֵל (H651) 'and'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נֹ֥גַֽהּfromN c · נֹגַהּ (H5051)Construct chain (genitival)נֹגַהּ (H5051) 'from'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
21

שָׂנֵ֥אתִי מָאַ֖סְתִּי חַגֵּיכֶ֑ם וְלֹ֥א אָרִ֖יחַ בְּעַצְּרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם

I hate, I despise your feast days, and I will not smell in your solemn assemblies.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'hating'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שָׂנֵ֥אתִיhatingQal perf 1cs · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
מָאַ֖סְתִּיdespiseQal perf 1cs · מָאַס (H3988)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָאַס (H3988) 'despise'.
חַגֵּיכֶ֑םthe feast ofN c · חַג (H2282)Construct chain (genitival)חַג (H2282) 'the feast of'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אָרִ֖יחַI will smellHiphil impf 1cs · רוּחַ (H7306)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּחַ (H7306) 'I will smell'.
בְּעַצְּרֹֽתֵיכֶֽםa solemn assemblyprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 2mp · עֲצֶרֶת (H6116)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲצֶרֶת (H6116) 'a solemn assembly'.
22

כִּ֣י אִם תַּעֲלוּ לִ֥י עֹל֛וֹת וּמִנְחֹתֵיכֶ֖ם לֹ֣א אֶרְצֶ֑ה וְשֶׁ֥לֶם מְרִיאֵיכֶ֖ם לֹ֥א אַבִּֽיט

Though you offer me burnt offerings and your meat offerings, I will not accept : neither will I regard the peace offerings of your fat beasts.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall go up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תַּעֲלוּyou shall go upHiphil impf 2mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'you shall go up'.
לִ֥יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
עֹל֛וֹתburnt offeringsN c · עֹלָה (H5930)Construct chain (genitival)עֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offerings'.
וּמִנְחֹתֵיכֶ֖םthe grain offeringconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 2mp · מִנְחָה (H4503)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'the grain offering'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶרְצֶ֑הit shall be acceptedQal impf 1cs · רָצָה (H7521)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָצָה (H7521) 'it shall be accepted'.
וְשֶׁ֥לֶםthe peace offeringsconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שֶׁלֶם (H8002)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁלֶם (H8002) 'the peace offerings'.
מְרִיאֵיכֶ֖םandN c · מְרִיא (H4806)Construct chain (genitival)מְרִיא (H4806) 'and'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אַבִּֽיטfrom lookingHiphil impf 1cs · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָבַט (H5027) 'from looking'.
23

הָסֵ֥ר מֵעָלַ֖י הֲמ֣וֹן שִׁרֶ֑יךָ וְזִמְרַ֥ת נְבָלֶ֖יךָ לֹ֥א אֶשְׁמָֽע

Take you away from me the noise of your songs; for I will not hear the melody of your viols.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'removing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הָסֵ֥רremovingHiphil impv 2ms · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסוּר (H5493) 'removing'.
מֵעָלַ֖יfrom meprep + prep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from me'.
הֲמ֣וֹןmultitude ofN c · הָמוֹן (H1995)Construct chain (genitival)הָמוֹן (H1995) 'multitude of'.
שִׁרֶ֑יךָthe songN c · שִׁירָה (H7892)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁירָה (H7892) 'the song'.
וְזִמְרַ֥תmelodyconj וְ + N com f sg constr · זִמְרָה (H2172)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זִמְרָה (H2172) 'melody'.
נְבָלֶ֖יךָandN c · נֶבֶל (H5035)Construct chain (genitival)נֶבֶל (H5035) 'and'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶשְׁמָֽעI will hearQal impf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'I will hear'.
24

וְיִגַּ֥ל כַּמַּ֖יִם מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה כְּנַ֥חַל אֵיתָֽן

But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and rolled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְיִגַּ֥לand rolledconj וְ + Niphal impf 3ms · גָּלַל (H1556)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּלַל (H1556) 'and rolled'.
כַּמַּ֖יִםlike waterprep + art + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'like water'.
מִשְׁפָּ֑טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
וּצְדָקָ֖הand righteousnessconj וְ + N com f sg abs · צְדָקָה (H6666)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'and righteousness'.
כְּנַ֥חַלthe brook ofprep + N com m sg abs · נַחַל (H5158)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַחַל (H5158) 'the brook of'.
אֵיתָֽןever-flowingAdj · אֵיתָן (H386)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵיתָן (H386) 'ever-flowing'.
25

הַזְּבָחִ֨ים וּמִנְחָ֜ה הִֽגַּשְׁתֶּם לִ֧י בַמִּדְבָּ֛ר אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

Have you offered to me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, O house of Israel?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they drew near'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הַזְּבָחִ֨יםthe sacrifice ofinterrog. + N com m pl abs · זֶבַח (H2077)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶבַח (H2077) 'the sacrifice of'.
וּמִנְחָ֜הor grain offeringconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'or grain offering'.
הִֽגַּשְׁתֶּםand they drew nearHiphil perf 2mp · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'and they drew near'.
לִ֧יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
בַמִּדְבָּ֛רin the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
אַרְבָּעִ֥יםfortyAdj · אַרְבָּעִים (H705)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבָּעִים (H705) 'forty'.
שָׁנָ֖הyearsN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'years'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
26

וּנְשָׂאתֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת סִכּ֣וּת מַלְכְּכֶ֔ם וְאֵ֖ת כִּיּ֣וּן צַלְמֵיכֶ֑ם כּוֹכַב֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם לָכֶֽם

But you have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which you made to yourselves.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have done'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וּנְשָׂאתֶ֗םand carryconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Particle or relational elementנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and carry'.
אֵ֚ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
סִכּ֣וּתtabernacleN · סִכּוּת (H5522)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִכּוּת (H5522) 'tabernacle'.
מַלְכְּכֶ֔םto MolechN c · מֹלֶךְ (H4432)Construct chain (genitival)מֹלֶךְ (H4432) 'to Molech'.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
כִּיּ֣וּןChiunN · כִּיּוּן (H3594)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כִּיּוּן (H3594) 'Chiun'.
צַלְמֵיכֶ֑םthe images ofN c · צֶלֶם (H6754)Construct chain (genitival)צֶלֶם (H6754) 'the images of'.
כּוֹכַב֙a starN c · כּוֹכָב (H3556)Construct chain (genitival)כּוֹכָב (H3556) 'a star'.
אֱלֹ֣הֵיכֶ֔םyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עֲשִׂיתֶ֖םyou have doneQal perf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you have done'.
לָכֶֽםto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
27

וְהִגְלֵיתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵהָ֣לְאָה לְדַמָּ֑שֶׂק אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ

Therefore will I cause you to go into captivity beyond Damascus, says YHWH, whose name The God of hosts.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Closes the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְהִגְלֵיתִ֥יshall you uncoverconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · גָּלָה (H1540)Particle or relational elementגָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
אֶתְכֶ֖םyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you'.
מֵהָ֣לְאָהbeyondprep + art · הָלְאָה (H1973)Particle or relational elementהָלְאָה (H1973) 'beyond'.
לְדַמָּ֑שֶׂקDamascusprep + N proper · דַּמֶּשֶׂק (H1834)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּמֶּשֶׂק (H1834) 'Damascus'.
אָמַ֛רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵֽיthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
שְׁמֽוֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.