Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Second Book of Samuel, Chapter 18שמואל ב 18

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

2 Samuel 18 (32 verses in the MT) opens: And David numbered the people that with him, and set captains of thousands and captains of hundreds over them. The middle of the chapter continues: And they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit in the wood, and laid a very great heap of stones upon him: and all Israel fled every one to his tent. It closes: And the king said to Cushi, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Cushi answered, The enemies of my lord the king, and all that rise against you to do hurt, be as young man .

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 2 Samuel 18 comprises 32 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-7) — And David numbered the people that with him, and set captains of thousan. And David numbered the people that with him, and set captains of thousands and captains of hundreds over them. And David sent forth a third part of the people under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. And the king said to the people, I will. Movement II (vv. 8-14) — For the battle was there scattered over the face of all the country: and. For the battle was there scattered over the face of all the country: and the wood devoured more people that day than the sword devoured. And Absalom met the servants of David. And Absalom rode upon a mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak, and his head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth; and. Movement III (vv. 15-21) — And ten young men that bare Joab's armour compassed about and smote Absa. And ten young men that bare Joab's armour compassed about and smote Absalom, and slew him. And Joab blew the trumpet, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel: for Joab held back the people. And they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit in the wood, and laid a very great heap of stones upon him: and all Israel fled every one to his tent.. Movement IV (vv. 22-28) — Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok yet again to Joab, But howsoever, let. Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok yet again to Joab, But howsoever, let me, I pray you, also run after Cushi. And Joab said, Wherefore will you run, my son, seeing that you have no tidings ready? But howsoever, , let me run. And he said to him, Run. Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi. And David sat between the two gates: and the. Movement V (vv. 29-32) — And the king said, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Ahimaaz answered,. And the king said, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Ahimaaz answered, When Joab sent the king's servant, and your servant, I saw a great tumult, but I knew not what . And the king said , Turn aside, stand here. And he turned aside, and stood still. And, behold, Cushi came; and Cushi said, Tidings, my lord the king: for YHWH has avenged you this day of all. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיִּפְקֹ֣ד דָּוִ֔ד אֶת הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ וַיָּ֣שֶׂם עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם שָׂרֵ֥י אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י מֵאֽוֹת

And David numbered the people that with him, and set captains of thousands and captains of hundreds over them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'So he numbered'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיִּפְקֹ֣דSo he numberedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּקַד (H6485) 'So he numbered'.
דָּוִ֔דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
אִתּ֑וֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with him'.
וַיָּ֣שֶׂםand he setconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֔םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
שָׂרֵ֥יrulers ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'rulers of'.
אֲלָפִ֖יםthousandAdj · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
וְשָׂרֵ֥יand commanders ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · שַׂר (H8269)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׂר (H8269) 'and commanders of'.
מֵאֽוֹתhundredAdj · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
2

וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח דָּוִ֜ד אֶת הָעָ֗ם הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֤ית בְּיַד יוֹאָב֙ וְ֠הַשְּׁלִשִׁית בְּיַ֨ד אֲבִישַׁ֤י בֶּן צְרוּיָה֙ אֲחִ֣י יוֹאָ֔ב וְהַ֨שְּׁלִשִׁ֔ת בְּיַ֖ד אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֑י וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ אֶל הָעָ֔ם יָצֹ֥א אֵצֵ֛א גַּם אֲנִ֖י עִמָּכֶֽם

And David sent forth a third part of the people under the hand of Joab, and a third part under the hand of Abishai the son of Zeruiah, Joab's brother, and a third part under the hand of Ittai the Gittite. And the king said to the people, I will surely go forth with you myself also.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
וַיְשַׁלַּ֨חand he sentconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
דָּוִ֜דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָעָ֗םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֤יתthe thirdart + N com f sg abs · שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992) 'the third'.
בְּיַדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
יוֹאָב֙JoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
וְ֠הַשְּׁלִשִׁיתthe thirdconj וְ + art + N com f sg abs · שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992) 'the third'.
בְּיַ֨דby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
אֲבִישַׁ֤יAbishaiN · אֲבִישַׁי (H52)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישַׁי (H52) 'Abishai'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
צְרוּיָה֙ZeruiahN · צְרוּיָה (H6870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְרוּיָה (H6870) 'Zeruiah'.
אֲחִ֣יbrother ofN c · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251) 'brother of'.
יוֹאָ֔בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
וְהַ֨שְּׁלִשִׁ֔תthe thirdconj וְ + art + Adj · שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992) 'the third'.
בְּיַ֖דby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
אִתַּ֣יIthaiN · אִתַּי (H863)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִתַּי (H863) 'Ithai'.
הַגִּתִּ֑יthe Gittiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · גִּתִּי (H1663)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּתִּי (H1663) 'the Gittite'.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙the kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הָעָ֔םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
יָצֹ֥אone going out (to)Qal inf abs · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
אֵצֵ֛אI will go outQal impf 1cs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'I will go out'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אֲנִ֖יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
עִמָּכֶֽםwith youprep + sfx 2mp · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with you'.
3

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָעָ֜ם לֹ֣א תֵצֵ֗א כִּי֩ אִם נֹ֨ס נָנ֜וּס לֹא יָשִׂ֧ימוּ אֵלֵ֣ינוּ לֵ֗ב וְאִם יָמֻ֤תוּ חֶצְיֵ֨נוּ֙ לֹֽא יָשִׂ֤ימוּ אֵלֵ֨ינוּ֙ לֵ֔ב כִּֽי עַתָּ֥ה כָמֹ֖נוּ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה אֲלָפִ֑ים וְעַתָּ֣ה ט֔וֹב כִּי תִֽהְיֶה לָּ֥נוּ מֵעִ֖יר לעזיר לַעְזֽוֹר

But the people answered, You shall not go forth: for if we flee away, they will not care for us; neither if half of us die, will they care for us: but now worth ten thousand of us: therefore now better that you succour us out of the city.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הָעָ֜םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תֵצֵ֗אyou go outQal impf 2ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'you go out'.
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
נֹ֨סhad fledQal inf abs · נוּס (H5127)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionנוּס (H5127) 'had fled'.
נָנ֜וּסand they fledQal impf 1cp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנוּס (H5127) 'and they fled'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָשִׂ֧ימוּthey placeQal impf 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'they place'.
אֵלֵ֣ינוּto usprep + sfx 1cp · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to us'.
לֵ֗בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
יָמֻ֤תוּthey shall dieQal impf 3mp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'they shall die'.
חֶצְיֵ֨נוּ֙and half ofN c · חֲצִי (H2677)Construct chain (genitival)חֲצִי (H2677) 'and half of'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָשִׂ֤ימוּthey placeQal impf 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'they place'.
אֵלֵ֨ינוּ֙to usprep + sfx 1cp · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to us'.
לֵ֔בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַתָּ֥הnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
כָמֹ֖נוּas we (have)prep + sfx 1cp · כְּמוֹ (H3644)Particle or relational elementכְּמוֹ (H3644) 'as we (have)'.
עֲשָׂרָ֣הtenAdj · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'.
אֲלָפִ֑יםthousandAdj · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
וְעַתָּ֣הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
ט֔וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תִֽהְיֶהshall beQal impf 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
לָּ֥נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
מֵעִ֖ירfrom the city ofprep + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'from the city of'.
לעזירand help youprep + Hiphil inf constr · עָזַר (H5826)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
לַעְזֽוֹרand help youprep + Qal inf constr · עָזַר (H5826)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
4

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר יִיטַ֥ב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֖ם אֶעֱשֶׂ֑ה וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ אֶל יַ֣ד הַשַּׁ֔עַר וְכָל הָעָם֙ יָֽצְא֔וּ לְמֵא֖וֹת וְלַאֲלָפִֽים

And the king said to them, What seemeth you best I will do. And the king stood by the gate side, and all the people came out by hundreds and by thousands.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֲלֵיהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mp · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to them'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יִיטַ֥בit may go wellQal impf 3ms · יָטַב (H3190)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֖םin your eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 2mp · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in your eyes'.
אֶעֱשֶׂ֑הI will doQal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I will do'.
וַיַּעֲמֹ֤דand he stoodconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) 'and he stood'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙the kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יַ֣דthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
הַשַּׁ֔עַרthe gateart + N com m sg abs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
הָעָם֙the peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
יָֽצְא֔וּand went downQal perf 3cp · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
לְמֵא֖וֹתhundredprep + Adj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
וְלַאֲלָפִֽיםthousandconj וְ + prep + Adj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
5

וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ אֶת י֠וֹאָב וְאֶת אֲבִישַׁ֤י וְאֶת אִתַּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לְאַט לִ֖י לַנַּ֣עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וְכָל הָעָ֣ם שָׁמְע֗וּ בְּצַוֺּ֥ת הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ אֶת כָּל הַשָּׂרִ֖ים עַל דְּבַ֥ר אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם

And the king commanded Joab and Abishai and Ittai, saying, gently for my sake with the young man, with Absalom. And all the people heard when the king gave all the captains charge concerning Absalom.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he commanded'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיְצַ֣וand he commandedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצִוָּה (H6680) 'and he commanded'.
הַמֶּ֡לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
י֠וֹאָבJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אֲבִישַׁ֤יAbishaiN · אֲבִישַׁי (H52)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישַׁי (H52) 'Abishai'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אִתַּי֙IthaiN · אִתַּי (H863)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִתַּי (H863) 'Ithai'.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
לְאַטat my own paceprep + art · אֵט (H328)Particle or relational elementאֵט (H328) 'at my own pace'.
לִ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
לַנַּ֣עַרthe boyprep + art + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹםtoprep + N proper · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'to'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
הָעָ֣םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
שָׁמְע֗וּhis hearingQal perf 3cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
בְּצַוֺּ֥תcommandedprep + Piel inf constr · צִוָּה (H6680)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementצִוָּה (H6680) 'commanded'.
הַמֶּ֛לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַשָּׂרִ֖יםchief ofart + N com m pl abs · שַׂר (H8269)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
דְּבַ֥רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
אַבְשָׁלֽוֹםAbishalomN · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'Abishalom'.
6

וַיֵּצֵ֥א הָעָ֛ם הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לִקְרַ֣את יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַתְּהִ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה בְּיַ֥עַר אֶפְרָֽיִם

So the people went out into the field against Israel: and the battle was in the wood of Ephraim;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיֵּצֵ֥אand he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
הָעָ֛םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
הַשָּׂדֶ֖הthe fieldart + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field'.
לִקְרַ֣אתto meetprep + Qal inf constr · קָרָא (H7125)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7125) 'to meet'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וַתְּהִ֥יand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
הַמִּלְחָמָ֖הthe warart + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'the war'.
בְּיַ֥עַרinto the forestprep + N com m sg constr · יַעַר (H3293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעַר (H3293) 'into the forest'.
אֶפְרָֽיִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
7

וַיִּנָּ֤גְפוּ שָׁם֙ עַ֣ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִפְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד וַתְּהִי שָׁ֞ם הַמַּגֵּפָ֧ה גְדוֹלָ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא עֶשְׂרִ֥ים אָֽלֶף

Where the people of Israel were slain before the servants of David, and there was there a great slaughter that day of twenty thousand .

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'you be struck down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיִּנָּ֤גְפוּyou be struck downconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָגַף (H5062)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַף (H5062) 'you be struck down'.
שָׁם֙thereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
עַ֣םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
לִפְנֵ֖יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
עַבְדֵ֣יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
דָוִ֑דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַתְּהִיand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
שָׁ֞םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
הַמַּגֵּפָ֧הthe plagueart + N com f sg abs · מַגֵּפָה (H4046)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַגֵּפָה (H4046) 'the plague'.
גְדוֹלָ֛הgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֖וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
עֶשְׂרִ֥יםtwentyAdj · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
אָֽלֶףthousandAdj · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
8

וַתְּהִי שָׁ֧ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֛ה נפצית נָפֹ֖צֶת עַל פְּנֵ֣י כָל הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיֶּ֤רֶב הַיַּ֨עַר֙ לֶאֱכֹ֣ל בָּעָ֔ם מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָכְלָ֛ה הַחֶ֖רֶב בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא

For the battle was there scattered over the face of all the country: and the wood devoured more people that day than the sword devoured.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and there was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַתְּהִיand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
שָׁ֧םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
הַמִּלְחָמָ֛הthe warart + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'the war'.
נפציתand let be scatteredN · פוּץ (H6327)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פוּץ (H6327) 'and let be scattered'.
נָפֹ֖צֶתand let be scatteredN · פוּץ (H6327)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פוּץ (H6327) 'and let be scattered'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פְּנֵ֣יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וַיֶּ֤רֶבand multipliedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָבָה (H7235) 'and multiplied'.
הַיַּ֨עַר֙into the forestart + N com m sg abs · יַעַר (H3293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעַר (H3293) 'into the forest'.
לֶאֱכֹ֣לto eatprep + Qal inf constr · אָכַל (H398)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'.
בָּעָ֔םamong the peopleprep + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'among the people'.
מֵאֲשֶׁ֥רfrom that which isprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'from that which is'.
אָכְלָ֛הconsumingQal perf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'consuming'.
הַחֶ֖רֶבthe swordart + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַהֽוּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
9

וַיִּקָּרֵא֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם לִפְנֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד וְאַבְשָׁל֞וֹם רֹכֵ֣ב עַל הַפֶּ֗רֶד וַיָּבֹ֣א הַפֶּ֡רֶד תַּ֣חַת שׂוֹבֶךְ֩ הָאֵלָ֨ה הַגְּדוֹלָ֜ה וַיֶּחֱזַ֧ק רֹאשׁ֣וֹ בָאֵלָ֗ה וַיֻּתַּן֙ בֵּ֤ין הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ וּבֵ֣ין הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהַפֶּ֥רֶד אֲשֶׁר תַּחְתָּ֖יו עָבָֽר

And Absalom met the servants of David. And Absalom rode upon a mule, and the mule went under the thick boughs of a great oak, and his head caught hold of the oak, and he was taken up between the heaven and the earth; and the mule that under him went away.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'happens to be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
וַיִּקָּרֵא֙happens to beconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7122)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7122) 'happens to be'.
אַבְשָׁל֔וֹםAbishalomN · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'Abishalom'.
לִפְנֵ֖יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
עַבְדֵ֣יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
דָוִ֑דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וְאַבְשָׁל֞וֹםandconj וְ + N proper · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'and'.
רֹכֵ֣בridingQal ptc ms · רָכַב (H7392)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָכַב (H7392) 'riding'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַפֶּ֗רֶדmuleart + N com m sg abs · פֶּרֶד (H6505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּרֶד (H6505) 'mule'.
וַיָּבֹ֣אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
הַפֶּ֡רֶדmuleart + N com m sg abs · פֶּרֶד (H6505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּרֶד (H6505) 'mule'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
שׂוֹבֶךְ֩thick boughsN c · שׂוֹבֶךְ (H7730)Construct chain (genitival)שׂוֹבֶךְ (H7730) 'thick boughs'.
הָאֵלָ֨הthe terebinthart + N com f sg abs · אֵלָה (H424)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלָה (H424) 'the terebinth'.
הַגְּדוֹלָ֜הgreatart + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
וַיֶּחֱזַ֧קand...hardenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָזַק (H2388) 'and...hardened'.
רֹאשׁ֣וֹhis headN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'his head'.
בָאֵלָ֗הthe terebinthprep + art + N com f sg abs · אֵלָה (H424)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלָה (H424) 'the terebinth'.
וַיֻּתַּן֙and he gaveconj וְ + Hophal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'and he gave'.
בֵּ֤יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙the heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
וּבֵ֣יןand betweenconj וְ + prep · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'and between'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְהַפֶּ֥רֶדandconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · פֶּרֶד (H6505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּרֶד (H6505) 'and'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
תַּחְתָּ֖יוin his placeprep + sfx 3ms · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'in his place'.
עָבָֽרis crossingQal perf 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַר (H5674) 'is crossing'.
10

וַיַּרְא֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֔ד וַיַּגֵּ֖ד לְיוֹאָ֑ב וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּה֙ רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם תָּל֖וּי בָּאֵלָֽה

And a certain man saw , and told Joab, and said, Behold, I saw Absalom hanged in an oak.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיַּרְא֙and he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֶחָ֔דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
וַיַּגֵּ֖דand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
לְיוֹאָ֑בJoabprep + N proper · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
וַיֹּ֗אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הִנֵּה֙beholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
רָאִ֣יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אַבְשָׁלֹ֔םAbishalomN · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'Abishalom'.
תָּל֖וּיthe hanged [man]Qal ptc ms · תָּלָה (H8518)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתָּלָה (H8518) 'the hanged [man]'.
בָּאֵלָֽהthe terebinthprep + art + N com f sg abs · אֵלָה (H424)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלָה (H424) 'the terebinth'.
11

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֗ב לָאִישׁ֙ הַמַּגִּ֣יד ל֔וֹ וְהִנֵּ֣ה רָאִ֔יתָ וּמַדּ֛וּעַ לֹֽא הִכִּית֥וֹ שָׁ֖ם אָ֑רְצָה וְעָלַ֗י לָ֤תֶת לְךָ֙ עֲשָׂ֣רָה כֶ֔סֶף וַחֲגֹרָ֖ה אֶחָֽת

And Joab said to the man that told him, And, behold, you sawest , and why didst you not smite him there to the ground? and I would have given you ten of silver, and a girdle.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יוֹאָ֗בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
לָאִישׁ֙to a manprep + art + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'to a man'.
הַמַּגִּ֣ידand it was toldart + Hiphil ptc ms · נָגַד (H5046)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
ל֔וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וְהִנֵּ֣הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
רָאִ֔יתָyou sawQal perf 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'you saw'.
וּמַדּ֛וּעַso whyconj וְ + interrog. · מַדּוּעַ (H4069)Particle or relational elementמַדּוּעַ (H4069) 'so why'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הִכִּית֥וֹand he struckHiphil perf 2ms + sfx 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
שָׁ֖םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
אָ֑רְצָהto the groundN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'to the ground'.
וְעָלַ֗יonconj וְ + prep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
לָ֤תֶתto giveprep + Qal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'.
לְךָ֙to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
עֲשָׂ֣רָהtenAdj · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'.
כֶ֔סֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
וַחֲגֹרָ֖הloinclothsconj וְ + N com f sg abs · חֲגֹרָה (H2290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲגֹרָה (H2290) 'loincloths'.
אֶחָֽתoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
12

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָאִישׁ֙ אֶל יוֹאָ֔ב ולא וְל֨וּא אָנֹכִ֜י שֹׁקֵ֤ל עַל כַּפַּי֙ אֶ֣לֶף כֶּ֔סֶף לֹֽא אֶשְׁלַ֥ח יָדִ֖י אֶל בֶּן הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י בְאָזְנֵ֜ינוּ צִוָּ֣ה הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֹ֠תְךָ וְאֶת אֲבִישַׁ֤י וְאֶת אִתַּי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שִׁמְרוּ מִ֕י בַּנַּ֖עַר בְּאַבְשָׁלֽוֹם

And the man said to Joab, Though I should receive a thousand of silver in mine hand, would I not put forth mine hand against the king's son: for in our hearing the king charged you and Abishai and Ittai, saying, Beware that none the young man Absalom.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הָאִישׁ֙the manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'the man'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יוֹאָ֔בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
ולאif onlyconj וְ + conj וְ · לוּ (H3863)Particle or relational elementלוּ (H3863) 'if only'.
וְל֨וּאif onlyconj וְ + conj וְ · לוּ (H3863)Particle or relational elementלוּ (H3863) 'if only'.
אָנֹכִ֜יIpron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
שֹׁקֵ֤לhe shall weigh outQal ptc ms · שָקַל (H8254)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָקַל (H8254) 'he shall weigh out'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כַּפַּי֙the palms ofN c · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'the palms of'.
אֶ֣לֶףthousandAdj · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
כֶּ֔סֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶשְׁלַ֥חI will sendQal impf 1cs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַח (H7971) 'I will send'.
יָדִ֖יmy handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בְאָזְנֵ֜ינוּin the ears ofprep + N com f du constr + sfx 1cp · אֹזֶן (H241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
צִוָּ֣הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) 'commanded'.
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֹ֠תְךָyou [obj]obj marker + sfx 2ms · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you [obj]'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אֲבִישַׁ֤יAbishaiN · אֲבִישַׁי (H52)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישַׁי (H52) 'Abishai'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אִתַּי֙IthaiN · אִתַּי (H863)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִתַּי (H863) 'Ithai'.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
שִׁמְרוּthey keptQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַר (H8104) 'they kept'.
מִ֕יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
בַּנַּ֖עַרthe boyprep + art + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
בְּאַבְשָׁלֽוֹםinprep + N proper · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'in'.
13

אֽוֹ עָשִׂ֤יתִי בנפשו בְנַפְשִׁי֙ שֶׁ֔קֶר וְכָל דָּבָ֖ר לֹא יִכָּחֵ֣ד מִן הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאַתָּ֖ה תִּתְיַצֵּ֥ב מִנֶּֽגֶד

Otherwise I should have wrought falsehood against mine own life: for there is no matter hid from the king, and you thyself wouldest have set thyself against .

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have done'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
אֽוֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
עָשִׂ֤יתִיI have doneQal perf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I have done'.
בנפשוto his lifeprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'to his life'.
בְנַפְשִׁי֙your soulprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
שֶׁ֔קֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
דָּבָ֖רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִכָּחֵ֣דhideN · כָּחַד (H3582)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּחַד (H3582) 'hide'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וְאַתָּ֖הand youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
תִּתְיַצֵּ֥בand he stationed himselfHithpael impf 2ms · הִתְיַצֵּב (H3320)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהִתְיַצֵּב (H3320) 'and he stationed himself'.
מִנֶּֽגֶדat a distanceprep + prep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'at a distance'.
14

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֔ב לֹא כֵ֖ן אֹחִ֣ילָה לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וַיִּקַּח֩ שְׁלֹשָׁ֨ה שְׁבָטִ֜ים בְּכַפּ֗וֹ וַיִּתְקָעֵם֙ בְּלֵ֣ב אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם עוֹדֶ֥נּוּ חַ֖י בְּלֵ֥ב הָאֵלָֽה

Then said Joab, I may not tarry thus with you. And he took three darts in his hand, and thrust them through the heart of Absalom, while he yet alive in the midst of the oak.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יוֹאָ֔בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
כֵ֖ןsoart · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אֹחִ֣ילָהand he waitedHiphil impf 1cs · יָחַל (H3176)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָחַל (H3176) 'and he waited'.
לְפָנֶ֑יךָbefore youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before you'.
וַיִּקַּח֩and he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
שְׁלֹשָׁ֨הthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
שְׁבָטִ֜יםtribesN c · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribes'.
בְּכַפּ֗וֹin his palmprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'in his palm'.
וַיִּתְקָעֵם֙had pitchedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · תָּקַע (H8628)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceתָּקַע (H8628) 'had pitched'.
בְּלֵ֣בin the heart ofprep + N com m sg constr · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'in the heart of'.
אַבְשָׁל֔וֹםAbishalomN · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'Abishalom'.
עוֹדֶ֥נּוּstill heart + sfx 3ms · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'still he'.
חַ֖יaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
בְּלֵ֥בin the heart ofprep + N com m sg constr · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'in the heart of'.
הָאֵלָֽהthe terebinthart + N com f sg abs · אֵלָה (H424)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלָה (H424) 'the terebinth'.
15

וַיָּסֹ֨בּוּ֙ עֲשָׂרָ֣ה נְעָרִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י כְּלֵ֣י יוֹאָ֑ב וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֶת אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם וַיְמִיתֻֽהוּ

And ten young men that bare Joab's armour compassed about and smote Absalom, and slew him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they marched around'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיָּסֹ֨בּוּ֙and they marched aroundconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָבַב (H5437) 'and they marched around'.
עֲשָׂרָ֣הtenAdj · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'.
נְעָרִ֔יםthe boyN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
נֹשְׂאֵ֖יthe bearers ofQal ptc mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'the bearers of'.
כְּלֵ֣יarticle ofN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'article of'.
יוֹאָ֑בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
וַיַּכּ֥וּand they struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and they struck'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אַבְשָׁל֖וֹםAbishalomN · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'Abishalom'.
וַיְמִיתֻֽהוּand he diedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
16

וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יוֹאָב֙ בַּשֹּׁפָ֔ר וַיָּ֣שָׁב הָעָ֔ם מִרְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי חָשַׂ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֖ב אֶת הָעָֽם

And Joab blew the trumpet, and the people returned from pursuing after Israel: for Joab held back the people.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he blew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּתְקַ֤עand he blewconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · תָּקַע (H8628)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceתָּקַע (H8628) 'and he blew'.
יוֹאָב֙JoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
בַּשֹּׁפָ֔רthe trumpetsprep + art + N com m sg abs · שׁוֹפָר (H7782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוֹפָר (H7782) 'the trumpets'.
וַיָּ֣שָׁבand he returnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
הָעָ֔םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
מִרְדֹ֖ףand they pursuedprep + Qal inf constr · רָדַף (H7291)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָדַף (H7291) 'and they pursued'.
אַחֲרֵ֣יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
חָשַׂ֥ךְwithheldQal perf 3ms · חָשַׂךְ (H2820)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָשַׂךְ (H2820) 'withheld'.
יוֹאָ֖בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָעָֽםthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
17

וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֶת אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם וַיַּשְׁלִ֨יכוּ אֹת֤וֹ בַיַּ֨עַר֙ אֶל הַפַּ֣חַת הַגָּד֔וֹל וַיַּצִּ֧בוּ עָלָ֛יו גַּל אֲבָנִ֖ים גָּד֣וֹל מְאֹ֑ד וְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נָ֖סוּ אִ֥ישׁ לאהלו לְאֹהָלָֽיו

And they took Absalom, and cast him into a great pit in the wood, and laid a very great heap of stones upon him: and all Israel fled every one to his tent.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיִּקְח֣וּand they tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and they took'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אַבְשָׁל֗וֹםAbishalomN · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'Abishalom'.
וַיַּשְׁלִ֨יכוּand they cast downconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַךְ (H7993) 'and they cast down'.
אֹת֤וֹhimobj marker + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'him'.
בַיַּ֨עַר֙into the forestprep + art + N com m sg abs · יַעַר (H3293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעַר (H3293) 'into the forest'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַפַּ֣חַתholeart + N com m sg abs · פַּחַת (H6354)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּחַת (H6354) 'hole'.
הַגָּד֔וֹלthe greatart + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'the great'.
וַיַּצִּ֧בוּstandingconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · נָצַב (H5324)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָצַב (H5324) 'standing'.
עָלָ֛יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
גַּלa heap ofN c · גַּל (H1530)Construct chain (genitival)גַּל (H1530) 'a heap of'.
אֲבָנִ֖יםstonesN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'stones'.
גָּד֣וֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
מְאֹ֑דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
נָ֖סוּfledQal perf 3cp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּס (H5127) 'fled'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
לאהלוhis tentprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֹהֶל (H168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹהֶל (H168) 'his tent'.
לְאֹהָלָֽיוthe tent ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֹהֶל (H168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹהֶל (H168) 'the tent of'.
18

וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֣ם לָקַ֗ח וַיַּצֶּב ל֤וֹ בחיו בְחַיָּיו֙ אֶת מַצֶּ֨בֶת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעֵֽמֶק הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֤י אָמַר֙ אֵֽין לִ֣י בֵ֔ן בַּעֲב֖וּר הַזְכִּ֣יר שְׁמִ֑י וַיִּקְרָ֤א לַמַּצֶּ֨בֶת֙ עַל שְׁמ֔וֹ וַיִּקָּ֤רֵא לָהּ֙ יַ֣ד אַבְשָׁלֹ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה

Now Absalom in his lifetime had taken and reared up for himself a pillar, which in the king's dale: for he said, I have no son to keep my name in remembrance: and he called the pillar after his own name: and it is called to this day, Absalom's place.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
וְאַבְשָׁלֹ֣םandconj וְ + N proper · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'and'.
לָקַ֗חhe tookQal perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'he took'.
וַיַּצֶּבand he set upconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָצַב (H5324)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָצַב (H5324) 'and he set up'.
ל֤וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
בחיוaliveprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
בְחַיָּיו֙livingprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'living'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מַצֶּ֨בֶת֙a pillar ofN c · מַצֶּבֶת (H4678)Construct chain (genitival)מַצֶּבֶת (H4678) 'a pillar of'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בְּעֵֽמֶקin the valley ofprep + N com m sg constr · עֵמֶק (H6010)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵמֶק (H6010) 'in the valley of'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָמַר֙he saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֵֽיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
לִ֣יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
בֵ֔ןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
בַּעֲב֖וּרfor the sake ofprep + N com m sg constr · עָבוּר (H5668)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָבוּר (H5668) 'for the sake of'.
הַזְכִּ֣ירand you shall rememberHiphil inf constr · זָכַר (H2142)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementזָכַר (H2142) 'and you shall remember'.
שְׁמִ֑יmy nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'my name'.
וַיִּקְרָ֤אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
לַמַּצֶּ֨בֶת֙a pillar ofprep + art + N com f sg abs · מַצֶּבֶת (H4678)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַצֶּבֶת (H4678) 'a pillar of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שְׁמ֔וֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
וַיִּקָּ֤רֵאand he calledconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
לָהּ֙to herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
יַ֣דthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
אַבְשָׁלֹ֔םAbishalomN · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'Abishalom'.
עַ֖דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הַיּ֥וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
19

וַאֲחִימַ֤עַץ בֶּן צָדוֹק֙ אָמַ֔ר אָר֣וּצָה נָּ֔א וַאֲבַשְּׂרָ֖ה אֶת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּי שְׁפָט֥וֹ יְהוָ֖ה מִיַּ֥ד אֹיְבָֽיו

Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok, Let me now run, and bear the king tidings, how that YHWH has avenged him of his enemies.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַאֲחִימַ֤עַץAhimaazconj וְ + N proper · אֲחִימַעַץ (H290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחִימַעַץ (H290) 'Ahimaaz'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
צָדוֹק֙ZadokN · צָדוֹק (H6659)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָדוֹק (H6659) 'Zadok'.
אָמַ֔רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אָר֣וּצָהand he ranQal cohortative 1cs · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
נָּ֔אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
וַאֲבַשְּׂרָ֖הtoconj וְ + Piel cohortative 1cs · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַמֶּ֑לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שְׁפָט֥וֹand judgeQal perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִיַּ֥דfrom the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'from the hand of'.
אֹיְבָֽיוhis enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 3ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'his enemies'.
20

וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יוֹאָ֗ב לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ בְּשֹׂרָ֤ה אַתָּה֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וּבִשַּׂרְתָּ֖ בְּי֣וֹם אַחֵ֑ר וְהַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תְבַשֵּׂ֔ר כִּֽי על עַל כֵּ֥ן בֶּן הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ מֵֽת

And Joab said to him, You shall not bear tidings this day, but you shall bear tidings another day: but this day you shall bear no tidings, because the king's son is dead.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיֹּ֧אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
ל֣וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
יוֹאָ֗בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
לֹא֩notneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אִ֨ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
בְּשֹׂרָ֤הreward for tidingsN c · בְּשׂוֹרָה (H1309)Construct chain (genitival)בְּשׂוֹרָה (H1309) 'reward for tidings'.
אַתָּה֙youpron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
הַיּ֣וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וּבִשַּׂרְתָּ֖toconj וְ + Piel q 2ms · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Particle or relational elementבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
בְּי֣וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
אַחֵ֑רanotherAdj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'another'.
וְהַיּ֤וֹםdaysconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
הַזֶּה֙thisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תְבַשֵּׂ֔רtoPiel impf 2ms · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֥ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
מֵֽתdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
21

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹאָב֙ לַכּוּשִׁ֔י לֵ֛ךְ הַגֵּ֥ד לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָאִ֑יתָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ כוּשִׁ֛י לְיוֹאָ֖ב וַיָּרֹֽץ

Then said Joab to Cushi, Go tell the king what you have seen. And Cushi bowed himself to Joab, and ran.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יוֹאָב֙JoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
לַכּוּשִׁ֔יtoprep + art + N gentilic m sg abs · כּוּשִׁי (H3569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּשִׁי (H3569) 'to'.
לֵ֛ךְgoQal impv 2ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'go'.
הַגֵּ֥דit was surelyHiphil impv 2ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָגַד (H5046) 'it was surely'.
לַמֶּ֖לֶךְto the king ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
רָאִ֑יתָהand he sawQal perf 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּand he bowed downconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחָה (H7812) 'and he bowed down'.
כוּשִׁ֛יCushiN · כּוּשִׁי (H3569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּשִׁי (H3569) 'Cushi'.
לְיוֹאָ֖בJoabprep + N proper · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
וַיָּרֹֽץand he ranconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
22

וַיֹּ֨סֶף ע֜וֹד אֲחִימַ֤עַץ בֶּן צָדוֹק֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל יוֹאָ֔ב וִ֣יהִי מָ֔ה אָרֻֽצָה נָּ֥א גַם אָ֖נִי אַחֲרֵ֣י הַכּוּשִׁ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יוֹאָ֗ב לָֽמָּה זֶּ֞ה אַתָּ֥ה רָץ֙ בְּנִ֔י וּלְכָ֖ה אֵין בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה מֹצֵֽאת

Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok yet again to Joab, But howsoever, let me, I pray you, also run after Cushi. And Joab said, Wherefore will you run, my son, seeing that you have no tidings ready?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'then he shall add'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
וַיֹּ֨סֶףthen he shall addconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָסַף (H3254) 'then he shall add'.
ע֜וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
אֲחִימַ֤עַץAhimaazN · אֲחִימַעַץ (H290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחִימַעַץ (H290) 'Ahimaaz'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
צָדוֹק֙ZadokN · צָדוֹק (H6659)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָדוֹק (H6659) 'Zadok'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יוֹאָ֔בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
וִ֣יהִיand it happenedconj וְ + Qal jussive 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
מָ֔הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
אָרֻֽצָהand he ranQal cohortative 1cs · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
נָּ֥אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
גַםalsoart · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אָ֖נִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
אַחֲרֵ֣יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
הַכּוּשִׁ֑יCushiart + N gentilic m sg abs · כּוּשִׁי (H3569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּשִׁי (H3569) 'Cushi'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יוֹאָ֗בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
לָֽמָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
זֶּ֞הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
אַתָּ֥הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
רָץ֙ranQal ptc ms · רוּץ (H7323)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּץ (H7323) 'ran'.
בְּנִ֔יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
וּלְכָ֖הand for youconj וְ + prep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'and for you'.
אֵיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
בְּשׂוֹרָ֥הreward for tidingsN c · בְּשׂוֹרָה (H1309)Construct chain (genitival)בְּשׂוֹרָה (H1309) 'reward for tidings'.
מֹצֵֽאתyou have foundQal ptc fs · מָצָא (H4672)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָצָא (H4672) 'you have found'.
23

וִיהִי מָ֣ה אָר֔וּץ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹ ר֑וּץ וַיָּ֤רָץ אֲחִימַ֨עַץ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַכִּכָּ֔ר וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר אֶת הַכּוּשִֽׁי

But howsoever, , let me run. And he said to him, Run. Then Ahimaaz ran by the way of the plain, and overran Cushi.

Jussive — volitional
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Jussive — volitional. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וִיהִיand it happenedconj וְ + Qal jussive 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
מָ֣הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
אָר֔וּץand he ranQal impf 1cs · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
ר֑וּץand he ranQal impv 2ms · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
וַיָּ֤רָץand he ranconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
אֲחִימַ֨עַץ֙AhimaazN · אֲחִימַעַץ (H290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחִימַעַץ (H290) 'Ahimaaz'.
דֶּ֣רֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
הַכִּכָּ֔רthe plainart + N com c sg abs · כִּכָּר (H3603)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כִּכָּר (H3603) 'the plain'.
וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖רand he passed onconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַר (H5674) 'and he passed on'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַכּוּשִֽׁיCushiart + N gentilic m sg abs · כּוּשִׁי (H3569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּשִׁי (H3569) 'Cushi'.
24

וְדָוִ֥ד יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בֵּין שְׁנֵ֣י הַשְּׁעָרִ֑ים וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ הַצֹּפֶ֜ה אֶל גַּ֤ג הַשַּׁ֨עַר֙ אֶל הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה וַיִּשָּׂ֤א אֶת עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה אִ֖ישׁ רָ֥ץ לְבַדּֽוֹ

And David sat between the two gates: and the watchman went up to the roof over the gate to the wall, and lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold a man running alone.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'dwelling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וְדָוִ֥דandconj וְ + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'and'.
יוֹשֵׁ֖בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
בֵּיןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
שְׁנֵ֣יtwo ofAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two of'.
הַשְּׁעָרִ֑יםthe gate ofart + N com m pl abs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate of'.
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
הַצֹּפֶ֜הmay watchart + Qal ptc ms · צָפָה (H6822)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָפָה (H6822) 'may watch'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
גַּ֤גits topN c · גָּג (H1406)Construct chain (genitival)גָּג (H1406) 'its top'.
הַשַּׁ֨עַר֙the gateart + N com m sg abs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַ֣חוֹמָ֔הthe city-wallart + N com f sg abs · חוֹמָה (H2346)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'the city-wall'.
וַיִּשָּׂ֤אand he took upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and he took up'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עֵינָיו֙his eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'his eyes'.
וַיַּ֔רְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
וְהִנֵּהand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
אִ֖ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
רָ֥ץranQal ptc ms · רוּץ (H7323)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּץ (H7323) 'ran'.
לְבַדּֽוֹaloneprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּד (H905)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּד (H905) 'alone'.
25

וַיִּקְרָ֤א הַצֹּפֶה֙ וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אִם לְבַדּ֖וֹ בְּשׂוֹרָ֣ה בְּפִ֑יו וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ הָל֖וֹךְ וְקָרֵֽב

And the watchman cried, and told the king. And the king said, If he alone, tidings in his mouth. And he came apace, and drew near.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּקְרָ֤אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
הַצֹּפֶה֙may watchart + Qal ptc ms · צָפָה (H6822)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָפָה (H6822) 'may watch'.
וַיַּגֵּ֣דand it was toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
לַמֶּ֔לֶךְto the king ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לְבַדּ֖וֹaloneprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּד (H905)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּד (H905) 'alone'.
בְּשׂוֹרָ֣הreward for tidingsN c · בְּשׂוֹרָה (H1309)Construct chain (genitival)בְּשׂוֹרָה (H1309) 'reward for tidings'.
בְּפִ֑יוin his mouthprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'in his mouth'.
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
הָל֖וֹךְgoingQal inf abs · הָלַךְ (H1980)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָלַךְ (H1980) 'going'.
וְקָרֵֽבwho comes nearconj וְ + Adj · קָרֵב (H7131)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרֵב (H7131) 'who comes near'.
26

וַיַּ֣רְא הַצֹּפֶה֮ אִישׁ אַחֵ֣ר רָץ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֤א הַצֹּפֶה֙ אֶל הַשֹּׁעֵ֔ר וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה אִ֖ישׁ רָ֣ץ לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ גַּם זֶ֥ה מְבַשֵּֽׂר

And the watchman saw another man running: and the watchman called to the porter, and said, Behold man running alone. And the king said, He also bringeth tidings.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיַּ֣רְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
הַצֹּפֶה֮may watchart + Qal ptc ms · צָפָה (H6822)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָפָה (H6822) 'may watch'.
אִישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אַחֵ֣רanotherAdj · אַחֵר (H312)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֵר (H312) 'another'.
רָץ֒ranQal ptc ms · רוּץ (H7323)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּץ (H7323) 'ran'.
וַיִּקְרָ֤אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
הַצֹּפֶה֙may watchart + Qal ptc ms · צָפָה (H6822)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָפָה (H6822) 'may watch'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַשֹּׁעֵ֔רdoorkeeperart + N com m sg abs · שׁוֹעֵר (H7778)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוֹעֵר (H7778) 'doorkeeper'.
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הִנֵּהbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
אִ֖ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
רָ֣ץranQal ptc ms · רוּץ (H7323)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּץ (H7323) 'ran'.
לְבַדּ֑וֹaloneprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּד (H905)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּד (H905) 'alone'.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
זֶ֥הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
מְבַשֵּֽׂרtoPiel ptc ms · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
27

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ הַצֹּפֶ֔ה אֲנִ֤י רֹאֶה֙ אֶת מְרוּצַ֣ת הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן כִּמְרֻצַ֖ת אֲחִימַ֣עַץ בֶּן צָד֑וֹק וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ אִֽישׁ ט֣וֹב זֶ֔ה וְאֶל בְּשׂוֹרָ֥ה טוֹבָ֖ה יָבֽוֹא

And the watchman said, Me thinketh the running of the foremost is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok. And the king said, He a good man, and cometh with good tidings.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙and he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַצֹּפֶ֔הmay watchart + Qal ptc ms · צָפָה (H6822)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָפָה (H6822) 'may watch'.
אֲנִ֤יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
רֹאֶה֙seeQal ptc ms · רָאָה (H7200)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מְרוּצַ֣תcourseN c · מְרוּצָה (H4794)Construct chain (genitival)מְרוּצָה (H4794) 'course'.
הָרִאשׁ֔וֹןthe firstart + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'the first'.
כִּמְרֻצַ֖תas / likeprep + N com f sg constr · מְרוּצָה (H4794)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְרוּצָה (H4794) 'as / like'.
אֲחִימַ֣עַץAhimaazN · אֲחִימַעַץ (H290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחִימַעַץ (H290) 'Ahimaaz'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
צָד֑וֹקZadokN · צָדוֹק (H6659)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָדוֹק (H6659) 'Zadok'.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙the kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אִֽישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
ט֣וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
זֶ֔הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
בְּשׂוֹרָ֥הreward for tidingsN c · בְּשׂוֹרָה (H1309)Construct chain (genitival)בְּשׂוֹרָה (H1309) 'reward for tidings'.
טוֹבָ֖הgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
יָבֽוֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
28

וַיִּקְרָ֣א אֲחִימַ֗עַץ וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֶל הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ שָׁל֔וֹם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּ לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ לְאַפָּ֖יו אָ֑רְצָה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בָּרוּךְ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר סִגַּר֙ אֶת הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר נָשְׂא֥וּ אֶת יָדָ֖ם בַּֽאדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ

And Ahimaaz called, and said to the king, All is well. And he fell down to the earth upon his face before the king, and said, Blessed YHWH your God, which has delivered up the men that lifted up their hand against my lord the king.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיִּקְרָ֣אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
אֲחִימַ֗עַץAhimaazN · אֲחִימַעַץ (H290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחִימַעַץ (H290) 'Ahimaaz'.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙the kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
שָׁל֔וֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
וַיִּשְׁתַּ֧חוּand he bowed downconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחָה (H7812) 'and he bowed down'.
לַמֶּ֛לֶךְto the king ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
לְאַפָּ֖יוwith his faceprep + N com m du constr + sfx 3ms · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'with his face'.
אָ֑רְצָהto the groundN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'to the ground'.
וַיֹּ֗אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
בָּרוּךְ֙blessedQal ptc ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'blessed'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
סִגַּר֙has shutPiel perf 3ms · סָגַר (H5462)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָגַר (H5462) 'has shut'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔יםthe menart + N com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נָשְׂא֥וּlifted himQal perf 3cp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifted him'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יָדָ֖םtheir handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'their hand'.
בַּֽאדֹנִ֥יmy lordprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָדוֹן (H113)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
הַמֶּֽלֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
29

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שָׁל֥וֹם לַנַּ֖עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲחִימַ֡עַץ רָאִיתִי֩ הֶהָמ֨וֹן הַגָּד֜וֹל לִ֠שְׁלֹחַ אֶת עֶ֨בֶד הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ יוֹאָב֙ וְאֶת עַבְדֶּ֔ךָ וְלֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְתִּי מָֽה

And the king said, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Ahimaaz answered, When Joab sent the king's servant, and your servant, I saw a great tumult, but I knew not what .

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
שָׁל֥וֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
לַנַּ֖עַרthe boyprep + art + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹםtoprep + N proper · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'to'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֲחִימַ֡עַץAhimaazN · אֲחִימַעַץ (H290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחִימַעַץ (H290) 'Ahimaaz'.
רָאִיתִי֩I have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
הֶהָמ֨וֹןmultitude ofart + N com m sg abs · הָמוֹן (H1995)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמוֹן (H1995) 'multitude of'.
הַגָּד֜וֹלthe greatart + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'the great'.
לִ֠שְׁלֹחַto let goprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁלַח (H7971)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to let go'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עֶ֨בֶדservant ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant of'.
הַמֶּ֤לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
יוֹאָב֙JoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
עַבְדֶּ֔ךָyour servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'your servant'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָדַ֖עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
מָֽהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
30

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ סֹ֖ב הִתְיַצֵּ֣ב כֹּ֑ה וַיִּסֹּ֖ב וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽד

And the king said , Turn aside, stand here. And he turned aside, and stood still.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
סֹ֖בcirclingQal impv 2ms · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסָבַב (H5437) 'circling'.
הִתְיַצֵּ֣בstation yourselfHithpael impv 2ms · הִתְיַצֵּב (H3320)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהִתְיַצֵּב (H3320) 'station yourself'.
כֹּ֑הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
וַיִּסֹּ֖בand he led aroundconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָבַב (H5437) 'and he led around'.
וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽדand he stoodconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) 'and he stood'.
31

וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכּוּשִׁ֖י בָּ֑א וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכּוּשִׁ֗י יִתְבַּשֵּׂר֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּֽי שְׁפָטְךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ הַיּ֔וֹם מִיַּ֖ד כָּל הַקָּמִ֥ים עָלֶֽיךָ

And, behold, Cushi came; and Cushi said, Tidings, my lord the king: for YHWH has avenged you this day of all them that rose up against you.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'came'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְהִנֵּ֥הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
הַכּוּשִׁ֖יCushiart + N gentilic m sg abs · כּוּשִׁי (H3569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּשִׁי (H3569) 'Cushi'.
בָּ֑אcameQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַכּוּשִׁ֗יCushiart + N gentilic m sg abs · כּוּשִׁי (H3569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּשִׁי (H3569) 'Cushi'.
יִתְבַּשֵּׂר֙toHithpael impf 3ms · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
אֲדֹנִ֣יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שְׁפָטְךָ֤and judgeQal perf 3ms + sfx 2ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הַיּ֔וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
מִיַּ֖דfrom the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'from the hand of'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַקָּמִ֥יםthe ones risingart + Qal ptc mp · קוּם (H6965)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקוּם (H6965) 'the ones rising'.
עָלֶֽיךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
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וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ אֶל הַכּוּשִׁ֔י הֲשָׁל֥וֹם לַנַּ֖עַר לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַכּוּשִׁ֗י יִהְי֤וּ כַנַּ֨עַר֙ אֹֽיְבֵי֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר קָ֥מוּ עָלֶ֖יךָ לְרָעָֽה

And the king said to Cushi, Is the young man Absalom safe? And Cushi answered, The enemies of my lord the king, and all that rise against you to do hurt, be as young man .

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Closes the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙the kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַכּוּשִׁ֔יCushiart + N gentilic m sg abs · כּוּשִׁי (H3569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּשִׁי (H3569) 'Cushi'.
הֲשָׁל֥וֹםis he wellinterrog. + N com m sg abs · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'is he well'.
לַנַּ֖עַרthe boyprep + art + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
לְאַבְשָׁל֑וֹםtoprep + N proper · אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִישָׁלוֹם (H53) 'to'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַכּוּשִׁ֗יCushiart + N gentilic m sg abs · כּוּשִׁי (H3569)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּשִׁי (H3569) 'Cushi'.
יִהְי֤וּthey shall beQal jussive 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
כַנַּ֨עַר֙the boyprep + art + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
אֹֽיְבֵי֙my enemiesQal ptc mp · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'my enemies'.
אֲדֹנִ֣יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וְכֹ֛לand allconj וְ + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
קָ֥מוּrise up!Qal perf 3cp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקוּם (H6965) 'rise up!'.
עָלֶ֖יךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
לְרָעָֽהfor harmprep + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'for harm'.