Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The First Book of Samuel, Chapter 29שמואל א 29

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

1 Samuel 29 (11 verses in the MT) opens: Now the Philistines gathered together all their armies to Aphek: and the Israelites pitched by a fountain which in Jezreel. The middle of the chapter continues: Then Achish called David, and said to him, Surely, YHWH liveth, you have been upright, and your going out and your coming in with me in the host good in my sight: for I have not found evil in you since the day of your. It closes: So David and his men rose up early to depart in the morning, to return into the land of the Philistines. And the Philistines went up to Jezreel.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 1 Samuel 29 comprises 11 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Now the Philistines gathered together all their armies to Aphek: and the. Now the Philistines gathered together all their armies to Aphek: and the Israelites pitched by a fountain which in Jezreel. And the lords of the Philistines passed on by hundreds, and by thousands: but David and his men passed on in the rereward with Achish. Then said the princes of the Philistines, What these Hebrews ? And Achish said to the princes of the. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — not this David, of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, Saul. not this David, of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, Saul slew his thousands, and David his ten thousands? Then Achish called David, and said to him, Surely, YHWH liveth, you have been upright, and your going out and your coming in with me in the host good in my sight: for I have not found evil in you since the day of your coming to me to. Movement III (vv. 9-11) — And Achish answered and said to David, I know that you good in my sight. And Achish answered and said to David, I know that you good in my sight, as an angel of God: notwithstanding the princes of the Philistines have said, He shall not go up with us to the battle. Wherefore now rise up early in the morning with your master's servants that are come with you: and as soon as you be up early in the morning, and have light, depart.. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיִּקְבְּצ֧וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֛ים אֶת כָּל מַחֲנֵיהֶ֖ם אֲפֵ֑קָה וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל חֹנִ֔ים בַּעַ֖יִן אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּיִזְרְעֶֽאל

Now the Philistines gathered together all their armies to Aphek: and the Israelites pitched by a fountain which in Jezreel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and let them gather'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּקְבְּצ֧וּand let them gatherconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַץ (H6908) 'and let them gather'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֛יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מַחֲנֵיהֶ֖םtheir armiesN c · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'their armies'.
אֲפֵ֑קָהAphekN · אֲפֵק (H663)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲפֵק (H663) 'Aphek'.
וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣לnow Israelconj וְ + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'now Israel'.
חֹנִ֔יםencampingQal ptc mp · חָנָה (H2583)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָנָה (H2583) 'encamping'.
בַּעַ֖יִןfor eyeprep + art + N com c sg abs · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'for eye'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בְּיִזְרְעֶֽאלJezreelprep + N proper · יִזְרְעֶאל (H3157)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִזְרְעֶאל (H3157) 'Jezreel'.
2

וְסַרְנֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ עֹֽבְרִ֔ים לְמֵא֖וֹת וְלַאֲלָפִ֑ים וְדָוִ֣ד וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו עֹֽבְרִ֛ים בָּאַחֲרֹנָ֖ה עִם אָכִֽישׁ

And the lords of the Philistines passed on by hundreds, and by thousands: but David and his men passed on in the rereward with Achish.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'are crossing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְסַרְנֵ֤יthe lords ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · סֶרֶן (H5633)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֶרֶן (H5633) 'the lords of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּים֙the PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
עֹֽבְרִ֔יםare crossingQal ptc mp · עָבַר (H5674)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָבַר (H5674) 'are crossing'.
לְמֵא֖וֹתhundredprep + Adj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
וְלַאֲלָפִ֑יםthousandconj וְ + prep + Adj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
וְדָוִ֣דandconj וְ + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'and'.
וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יוa manconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
עֹֽבְרִ֛יםare crossingQal ptc mp · עָבַר (H5674)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָבַר (H5674) 'are crossing'.
בָּאַחֲרֹנָ֖הafterwardprep + art + Adj · אַחֲרוֹן (H314)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֲרוֹן (H314) 'afterward'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אָכִֽישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
3

וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מָ֖ה הָעִבְרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים הֲלֽוֹא זֶ֨ה דָוִ֜ד עֶ֣בֶד שָׁא֣וּל מֶֽלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה אִתִּי֙ זֶ֤ה יָמִים֙ אוֹ זֶ֣ה שָׁנִ֔ים וְלֹֽא מָצָ֤אתִי בוֹ֙ מְא֔וּמָה מִיּ֥וֹם נָפְל֖וֹ עַד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה

Then said the princes of the Philistines, What these Hebrews ? And Achish said to the princes of the Philistines, not this David, the servant of Saul the king of Israel, which has been with me these days, or these years, and I have found no fault in him since he fell to this day?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙and they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and they said'.
שָׂרֵ֣יrulers ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'rulers of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
מָ֖הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
הָעִבְרִ֣יםthe Hebrewsart + N gentilic m pl abs · עִבְרִי (H5680)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִבְרִי (H5680) 'the Hebrews'.
הָאֵ֑לֶּהtheseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אָכִ֜ישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שָׂרֵ֣יrulers ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'rulers of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֗יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
הֲלֽוֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
זֶ֨הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
דָוִ֜דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
עֶ֣בֶדservant ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant of'.
שָׁא֣וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הָיָ֤הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
אִתִּי֙with meprep + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with me'.
זֶ֤הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
יָמִים֙daysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
אוֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
שָׁנִ֔יםyearsN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'years'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
מָצָ֤אתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
בוֹ֙in itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
מְא֔וּמָהanythingN c · מְאוּמָה (H3972)Construct chain (genitival)מְאוּמָה (H3972) 'anything'.
מִיּ֥וֹםfrom the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'from the day'.
נָפְל֖וֹhave fallenQal inf constr + sfx 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָפַל (H5307) 'have fallen'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הַיּ֥וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
4

וַיִּקְצְפ֨וּ עָלָ֜יו שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לוֹ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים הָשֵׁ֣ב אֶת הָאִ֗ישׁ וְיָשֹׁב֙ אֶל מְקוֹמוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִפְקַדְתּ֣וֹ שָׁ֔ם וְלֹֽא יֵרֵ֤ד עִמָּ֨נוּ֙ בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְלֹא יִֽהְיֶה לָּ֥נוּ לְשָׂטָ֖ן בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וּבַמֶּ֗ה יִתְרַצֶּ֥ה זֶה֙ אֶל אֲדֹנָ֔יו הֲל֕וֹא בְּרָאשֵׁ֖י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָהֵֽם

And the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines said to him, Make this fellow return, that he may go again to his place which you have appointed him, and let him not go down with us to battle, lest in the battle he be an adversary to us: for wherewith should he reconcile himself to his master? not with the heads of these men?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'you provoked to wrath'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
וַיִּקְצְפ֨וּyou provoked to wrathconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קָצַף (H7107)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָצַף (H7107) 'you provoked to wrath'.
עָלָ֜יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
שָׂרֵ֣יrulers ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'rulers of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֗יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and they said'.
לוֹ֩to himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
שָׂרֵ֨יrulers ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'rulers of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֜יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
הָשֵׁ֣בsurelyHiphil impv 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'surely'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָאִ֗ישׁthe manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'the man'.
וְיָשֹׁב֙and he returnedconj וְ + Qal jussive 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
מְקוֹמוֹ֙the placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'the place'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הִפְקַדְתּ֣וֹtheir mustered (men)Hiphil perf 2ms + sfx 3ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
שָׁ֔םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יֵרֵ֤דit will come downQal impf 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַד (H3381) 'it will come down'.
עִמָּ֨נוּ֙with usprep + sfx 1cp · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with us'.
בַּמִּלְחָמָ֔הin the battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'in the battle'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִֽהְיֶהshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
לָּ֥נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
לְשָׂטָ֖ןas an adversaryprep + N com m sg abs · שָׂטָן (H7854)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂטָן (H7854) 'as an adversary'.
בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑הin the battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'in the battle'.
וּבַמֶּ֗הand by whatconj וְ + prep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and by what'.
יִתְרַצֶּ֥הit shall be acceptedHithpael impf 3ms · רָצָה (H7521)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָצָה (H7521) 'it shall be accepted'.
זֶה֙thisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֲדֹנָ֔יוhis masterN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'his master'.
הֲל֕וֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
בְּרָאשֵׁ֖יthe head ofprep + N com m pl constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
הָאֲנָשִׁ֥יםthe menart + N com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men'.
הָהֵֽםthoseart + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'those'.
5

הֲלוֹא זֶ֣ה דָוִ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֧ר יַעֲנוּ ל֛וֹ בַּמְּחֹל֖וֹת לֵאמֹ֑ר הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ בַּֽאֲלָפָ֔יו וְדָוִ֖ד ברבבתו בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו

not this David, of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, Saul slew his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הֲלוֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
דָוִ֔דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יַעֲנוּand answeredQal impf 3mp · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
ל֛וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
בַּמְּחֹל֖וֹתand dancing.prep + art + N com f pl abs · מְחֹלָה (H4246)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְחֹלָה (H4246) 'and dancing.'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
הִכָּ֤הstruckHiphil perf 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהִכָּה (H5221) 'struck'.
שָׁאוּל֙ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
בַּֽאֲלָפָ֔יוthousandprep + Adj c + sfx 3ms · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
וְדָוִ֖דandconj וְ + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'and'.
ברבבתוten thousandprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 3ms · רְבָבָה (H7233)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְבָבָה (H7233) 'ten thousand'.
בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיוten thousandprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 3ms · רְבָבָה (H7233)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְבָבָה (H7233) 'ten thousand'.
6

וַיִּקְרָ֨א אָכִ֜ישׁ אֶל דָּוִ֗ד וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לָיו חַי יְהוָ֞ה כִּי יָשָׁ֣ר אַתָּ֗ה וְט֣וֹב בְּ֠עֵינַי צֵאתְךָ֨ וּבֹאֲךָ֤ אִתִּי֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כִּ֠י לֹֽא מָצָ֤אתִֽי בְךָ֙ רָעָ֔ה מִיּ֛וֹם בֹּאֲךָ֥ אֵלַ֖י עַד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וּבְעֵינֵ֥י הַסְּרָנִ֖ים לֹֽא ט֥וֹב אָֽתָּה

Then Achish called David, and said to him, Surely, YHWH liveth, you have been upright, and your going out and your coming in with me in the host good in my sight: for I have not found evil in you since the day of your coming to me to this day: nevertheless the lords favour you not.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
וַיִּקְרָ֨אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
אָכִ֜ישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
דָּוִ֗דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֵ֠לָיוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
חַיaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
יְהוָ֞הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָשָׁ֣רrightAdj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'right'.
אַתָּ֗הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
וְט֣וֹבand goodconj וְ + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'and good'.
בְּ֠עֵינַיin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr + sfx 1cs · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
צֵאתְךָ֨your going outQal inf constr + sfx 2ms · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָצָא (H3318) 'your going out'.
וּבֹאֲךָ֤and they cameconj וְ + Qal inf constr + sfx 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
אִתִּי֙with meprep + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with me'.
בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔הin the campprep + art + N com c sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'in the camp'.
כִּ֠יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
מָצָ֤אתִֽיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
בְךָ֙among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
רָעָ֔הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
מִיּ֛וֹםfrom the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'from the day'.
בֹּאֲךָ֥your arrivingQal inf constr + sfx 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'your arriving'.
אֵלַ֖יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הַיּ֣וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וּבְעֵינֵ֥יand in the eyes ofconj וְ + prep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'and in the eyes of'.
הַסְּרָנִ֖יםthe lords ofart + N com m pl abs · סֶרֶן (H5633)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֶרֶן (H5633) 'the lords of'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
ט֥וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
אָֽתָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
7

וְעַתָּ֥ה שׁ֖וּב וְלֵ֣ךְ בְּשָׁל֑וֹם וְלֹֽא תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה רָ֔ע בְּעֵינֵ֖י סַרְנֵ֥י פְלִשְׁתִּֽים

Wherefore now return, and go in peace, that you displease not the lords of the Philistines.

Imperative — volitional addresswə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'return'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְעַתָּ֥הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
שׁ֖וּבreturnQal impv 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'return'.
וְלֵ֣ךְand goconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and go'.
בְּשָׁל֑וֹםin peaceprep + N com m sg abs · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'in peace'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תַעֲשֶׂ֣הyou shall makeQal impf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you shall make'.
רָ֔עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
בְּעֵינֵ֖יin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
סַרְנֵ֥יthe lords ofN c · סֶרֶן (H5633)Construct chain (genitival)סֶרֶן (H5633) 'the lords of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּֽיםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
8

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל אָכִ֗ישׁ כִּ֣י מֶ֤ה עָשִׂ֨יתִי֙ וּמַה מָּצָ֣אתָ בְעַבְדְּךָ֔ מִיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיִ֣יתִי לְפָנֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אָבוֹא֙ וְנִלְחַ֔מְתִּי בְּאֹיְבֵ֖י אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ

And David said to Achish, But what have I done? and what have you found in your servant so long as I have been with you to this day, that I may not go fight against the enemies of my lord the king?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִ֜דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אָכִ֗ישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מֶ֤הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
עָשִׂ֨יתִי֙I have doneQal perf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I have done'.
וּמַהand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
מָּצָ֣אתָyou have foundQal perf 2ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'you have found'.
בְעַבְדְּךָ֔against your servantprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'against your servant'.
מִיּוֹם֙from the dayprep + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'from the day'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הָיִ֣יתִיI have beenQal perf 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'I have been'.
לְפָנֶ֔יךָbefore youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before you'.
עַ֖דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הַיּ֣וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אָבוֹא֙I will comeQal impf 1cs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'I will come'.
וְנִלְחַ֔מְתִּיto fightconj וְ + Niphal q 1cs · לָחַם (H3898)Particle or relational elementלָחַם (H3898) 'to fight'.
בְּאֹיְבֵ֖יyour enemiesprep + Qal ptc mp · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
אֲדֹנִ֥יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
הַמֶּֽלֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
9

וַיַּ֣עַן אָכִישׁ֮ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל דָּוִד֒ יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּ֣י ט֥וֹב אַתָּ֛ה בְּעֵינַ֖י כְּמַלְאַ֣ךְ אֱלֹהִ֑ים אַ֣ךְ שָׂרֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ אָֽמְר֔וּ לֹֽא יַעֲלֶ֥ה עִמָּ֖נוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה

And Achish answered and said to David, I know that you good in my sight, as an angel of God: notwithstanding the princes of the Philistines have said, He shall not go up with us to the battle.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיַּ֣עַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
אָכִישׁ֮AchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
דָּוִד֒DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
יָדַ֕עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ט֥וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
אַתָּ֛הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
בְּעֵינַ֖יin the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr + sfx 1cs · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
כְּמַלְאַ֣ךְthe angel ofprep + N com m sg constr · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'the angel of'.
אֱלֹהִ֑יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
אַ֣ךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
שָׂרֵ֤יrulers ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'rulers of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּים֙the PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
אָֽמְר֔וּthey saidQal perf 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'they said'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַעֲלֶ֥הshall go upQal impf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'shall go up'.
עִמָּ֖נוּwith usprep + sfx 1cp · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with us'.
בַּמִּלְחָמָֽהin the battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'in the battle'.
10

וְעַתָּה֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְעַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָ אֲשֶׁר בָּ֣אוּ אִתָּ֑ךְ וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֣ם בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְא֥וֹר לָכֶ֖ם וָלֵֽכוּ

Wherefore now rise up early in the morning with your master's servants that are come with you: and as soon as you be up early in the morning, and have light, depart.

Imperative — volitional addresswə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'rise early'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְעַתָּה֙and nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
הַשְׁכֵּ֣םrise earlyHiphil impv 2ms · שָׁכַם (H7925)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁכַם (H7925) 'rise early'.
בַּבֹּ֔קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
וְעַבְדֵ֥יbut my servantconj וְ + N com m pl constr · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'but my servant'.
אֲדֹנֶ֖יךָyour masterN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'your master'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בָּ֣אוּcameQal perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
אִתָּ֑ךְwith youprep + sfx 2fs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with you'.
וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֣םand you may rise earlyconj וְ + Hiphil q 2mp · שָׁכַם (H7925)Particle or relational elementשָׁכַם (H7925) 'and you may rise early'.
בַּבֹּ֔קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
וְא֥וֹרto give lightconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · אוֹר (H215)Particle or relational elementאוֹר (H215) 'to give light'.
לָכֶ֖םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
וָלֵֽכוּand goconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and go'.
11

וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם דָּוִ֜ד ה֤וּא וַֽאֲנָשָׁיו֙ לָלֶ֣כֶת בַּבֹּ֔קֶר לָשׁ֖וּב אֶל אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים עָל֥וּ יִזְרְעֶֽאל

So David and his men rose up early to depart in the morning, to return into the land of the Philistines. And the Philistines went up to Jezreel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he rose early'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨םand he rose earlyconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁכַם (H7925)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁכַם (H7925) 'and he rose early'.
דָּוִ֜דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
ה֤וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
וַֽאֲנָשָׁיו֙a manconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
לָלֶ֣כֶתto goprep + Qal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H3212)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָלַךְ (H3212) 'to go'.
בַּבֹּ֔קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
לָשׁ֖וּבto returnprep + Qal inf constr · שׁוּב (H7725)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשׁוּב (H7725) 'to return'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֶ֣רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe Philistinesconj וְ + N gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
עָל֥וּwent upQal perf 3cp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'went up'.
יִזְרְעֶֽאלJezreelN · יִזְרְעֶאל (H3157)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִזְרְעֶאל (H3157) 'Jezreel'.