Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The First Book of Samuel, Chapter 27שמואל א 27

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

1 Samuel 27 (12 verses in the MT) opens: And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul: nothing better for me than that I should speedily escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul shall despair of me, to seek me any more. The middle of the chapter continues: And the time that David dwelt in the country of the Philistines was a full year and four months. It closes: And Achish believed David, saying, He has made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 1 Samuel 27 comprises 12 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the hand of S. And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul: nothing better for me than that I should speedily escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul shall despair of me, to seek me any more in any coast of Israel: so shall I escape out of his hand. And David arose, and he passed over with the six hundred men that with him to. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And David said to Achish, If I have now found grace in your eyes, let th. And David said to Achish, If I have now found grace in your eyes, let them give me a place in some town in the country, that I may dwell there: for why should your servant dwell in the royal city with you? Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag pertaineth to the kings of Judah to this day. And the time that David dwelt in the country of the. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took. And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel, and returned, and came to Achish. And Achish said, Whither have you made a road to day? And David said, Against the south of Judah, and against the south of the Jerahmeelites, and against the south of the. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל לִבּ֔וֹ עַתָּ֛ה אֶסָּפֶ֥ה יוֹם אֶחָ֖ד בְּיַד שָׁא֑וּל אֵֽין לִ֨י ט֜וֹב כִּ֣י הִמָּלֵ֥ט אִמָּלֵ֣ט אֶל אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗ים וְנוֹאַ֨שׁ מִמֶּ֤נִּי שָׁאוּל֙ לְבַקְשֵׁ֤נִי עוֹד֙ בְּכָל גְּב֣וּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְנִמְלַטְתִּ֖י מִיָּדֽוֹ

And David said in his heart, I shall now perish one day by the hand of Saul: nothing better for me than that I should speedily escape into the land of the Philistines; and Saul shall despair of me, to seek me any more in any coast of Israel: so shall I escape out of his hand.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
לִבּ֔וֹhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
עַתָּ֛הnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
אֶסָּפֶ֥הI will heapN · סָפָה (H5595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָפָה (H5595) 'I will heap'.
יוֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
אֶחָ֖דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
בְּיַדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
שָׁא֑וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
אֵֽיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
לִ֨יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
ט֜וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הִמָּלֵ֥טescapeN · מָלַט (H4422)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָלַט (H4422) 'escape'.
אִמָּלֵ֣טand I escapedN · מָלַט (H4422)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָלַט (H4422) 'and I escaped'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֶ֣רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֗יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וְנוֹאַ֨שׁandconj וְ + Niphal perf 3ms · יָאַשׁ (H2976)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָאַשׁ (H2976) 'and'.
מִמֶּ֤נִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
שָׁאוּל֙ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
לְבַקְשֵׁ֤נִיseekingprep + Piel inf constr + sfx 1cs · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
עוֹד֙againart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
גְּב֣וּלthe border ofN c · גְּבוּל (H1366)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'the border of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וְנִמְלַטְתִּ֖יand I escapedconj וְ + Niphal q 1cs · מָלַט (H4422)Particle or relational elementמָלַט (H4422) 'and I escaped'.
מִיָּדֽוֹfrom his handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'from his hand'.
2

וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֔ד וַיַּעֲבֹ֣ר ה֔וּא וְשֵׁשׁ מֵא֥וֹת אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֑וֹ אֶל אָכִ֥ישׁ בֶּן מָע֖וֹךְ מֶ֥לֶךְ גַּֽת

And David arose, and he passed over with the six hundred men that with him to Achish, the son of Maoch, king of Gath.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיָּ֣קָםand he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
דָּוִ֔דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיַּעֲבֹ֣רand he passed onconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַר (H5674) 'and he passed on'.
ה֔וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
וְשֵׁשׁand sixconj וְ + Adj c · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'and six'.
מֵא֥וֹתhundredAdj · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
אִ֖ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עִמּ֑וֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with him'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אָכִ֥ישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
מָע֖וֹךְMaochN · מָעוֹךְ (H4582)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָעוֹךְ (H4582) 'Maoch'.
מֶ֥לֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
גַּֽתin GathN · גַּת (H1661)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּת (H1661) 'in Gath'.
3

וַיֵּשֶׁב֩ דָּוִ֨ד עִם אָכִ֥ישׁ בְּגַ֛ת ה֥וּא וַאֲנָשָׁ֖יו אִ֣ישׁ וּבֵית֑וֹ דָּוִד֙ וּשְׁתֵּ֣י נָשָׁ֔יו אֲחִינֹ֨עַם֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔ית וַאֲבִיגַ֥יִל אֵֽשֶׁת נָבָ֖ל הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽית

And David dwelt with Achish at Gath, he and his men, every man with his household, David with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the Carmelitess, Nabal's wife.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he dwelt'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיֵּשֶׁב֩and he dweltconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and he dwelt'.
דָּוִ֨דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אָכִ֥ישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
בְּגַ֛תin Gathprep + N proper · גַּת (H1661)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּת (H1661) 'in Gath'.
ה֥וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
וַאֲנָשָׁ֖יוa manconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וּבֵית֑וֹand his householdconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'and his household'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וּשְׁתֵּ֣יand twoconj וְ + Adj c det · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'and two'.
נָשָׁ֔יוhis wivesN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'his wives'.
אֲחִינֹ֨עַם֙AhinoamN · אֲחִינֹעַם (H293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחִינֹעַם (H293) 'Ahinoam'.
הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔יתJezreelitessart + N gentilic f sg abs · יִזְרְעֵאלִית (H3159)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִזְרְעֵאלִית (H3159) 'Jezreelitess'.
וַאֲבִיגַ֥יִלandconj וְ + N proper · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'and'.
אֵֽשֶׁתwife ofN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'wife of'.
נָבָ֖לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽיתCarmelitessart + N gentilic f sg abs · כַּרְמְלִית (H3762)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּרְמְלִית (H3762) 'Carmelitess'.
4

וַיֻּגַּ֣ד לְשָׁא֔וּל כִּֽי בָרַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד גַּ֑ת וְלֹֽא יוסף יָסַ֥ף ע֖וֹד לְבַקְשֽׁוֹ

And it was told Saul that David was fled to Gath: and he sought no more again for him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and it was told'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיֻּגַּ֣דand it was toldconj וְ + Hophal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
לְשָׁא֔וּלof Shaulprep + N proper · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'of Shaul'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בָרַ֥חhad fledQal perf 3ms · בָּרַח (H1272)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּרַח (H1272) 'had fled'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
גַּ֑תin GathN · גַּת (H1661)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּת (H1661) 'in Gath'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יוסףhe shall addQal ptc ms · יָסַף (H3254)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
יָסַ֥ףhe shall addQal perf 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
ע֖וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
לְבַקְשֽׁוֹseekingprep + Piel inf constr + sfx 3ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
5

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל אָכִ֗ישׁ אִם נָא֩ מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙ יִתְּנוּ לִ֣י מָק֗וֹם בְּאַחַ֛ת עָרֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וְאֵ֣שְׁבָה שָּׁ֑ם וְלָ֨מָּה יֵשֵׁ֧ב עַבְדְּךָ֛ בְּעִ֥יר הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה עִמָּֽךְ

And David said to Achish, If I have now found grace in your eyes, let them give me a place in some town in the country, that I may dwell there: for why should your servant dwell in the royal city with you?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִ֜דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אָכִ֗ישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
נָא֩pleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
מָצָ֨אתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
חֵ֤ןfavorN c · חֵן (H2580)Construct chain (genitival)חֵן (H2580) 'favor'.
בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙in your eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 2ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in your eyes'.
יִתְּנוּthey giveQal jussive 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָתַן (H5414) 'they give'.
לִ֣יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
מָק֗וֹםa placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'a place'.
בְּאַחַ֛תconcerning one ofprep + Adj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'concerning one of'.
עָרֵ֥יthe cities ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the cities of'.
הַשָּׂדֶ֖הthe fieldart + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field'.
וְאֵ֣שְׁבָהthe inhabitants ofconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
שָּׁ֑םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
וְלָ֨מָּהand whyconj וְ + prep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and why'.
יֵשֵׁ֧בdwellingQal impf 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
עַבְדְּךָ֛your servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'your servant'.
בְּעִ֥ירin the cityprep + N com f sg constr · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'in the city'.
הַמַּמְלָכָ֖הthe kingdomart + N com f sg abs · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'the kingdom'.
עִמָּֽךְwith youprep + sfx 2fs · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with you'.
6

וַיִּתֶּן ל֥וֹ אָכִ֛ישׁ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא אֶת צִֽקְלָ֑ג לָכֵ֞ן הָיְתָ֤ה צִֽקְלַג֙ לְמַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה

Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag pertaineth to the kings of Judah to this day.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he gave'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיִּתֶּןand he gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'and he gave'.
ל֥וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
אָכִ֛ישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֖וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
צִֽקְלָ֑גand ZiklagN · צִקְלַג (H6860)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִקְלַג (H6860) 'and Ziklag'.
לָכֵ֞ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
הָיְתָ֤הwasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
צִֽקְלַג֙and ZiklagN · צִקְלַג (H6860)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִקְלַג (H6860) 'and Ziklag'.
לְמַלְכֵ֣יking ofprep + N com m pl constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
יְהוּדָ֔הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
עַ֖דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הַיּ֥וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
7

וַֽיְהִי֙ מִסְפַּ֣ר הַיָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר יָשַׁ֥ב דָּוִ֖ד בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים יָמִ֖ים וְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה חֳדָשִֽׁים

And the time that David dwelt in the country of the Philistines was a full year and four months.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַֽיְהִי֙and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
מִסְפַּ֣רthe number ofN c · מִסְפָּר (H4557)Construct chain (genitival)מִסְפָּר (H4557) 'the number of'.
הַיָּמִ֔יםthe daysart + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יָשַׁ֥בdwellingQal perf 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
בִּשְׂדֵ֣הin the fieldprep + N com m sg constr · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'in the field'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֑יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
יָמִ֖יםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
וְאַרְבָּעָ֥הand fourconj וְ + Adj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'and four'.
חֳדָשִֽׁיםmonthsN c · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Construct chain (genitival)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'months'.
8

וַיַּ֤עַל דָּוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּ אֶל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֥י והגרזי וְהַגִּזְרִ֖י וְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵ֜נָּה יֹשְׁב֤וֹת הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מֵֽעוֹלָ֔ם בּוֹאֲךָ֥ שׁ֖וּרָה וְעַד אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

And David and his men went up, and invaded the Geshurites, and the Gezrites, and the Amalekites: for those of old the inhabitants of the land, as you goest to Shur, even to the land of Egypt.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיַּ֤עַלand he went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) 'and he went up'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יוa manconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֛וּand raidedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּשַׁט (H6584) 'and raided'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַגְּשׁוּרִ֥יthe Geshuriteart + N gentilic m sg abs · גְּשׁוּרִי (H1651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּשׁוּרִי (H1651) 'the Geshurite'.
והגרזיandconj וְ + art + N gentilic m sg abs · גִּזְרִי (H1511)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּזְרִי (H1511) 'and'.
וְהַגִּזְרִ֖יandconj וְ + art + N gentilic m sg abs · גִּזְרִי (H1511)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּזְרִי (H1511) 'and'.
וְהָעֲמָלֵקִ֑יand the Amalekiteconj וְ + art + N gentilic m sg abs · עֲמָלֵקִי (H6003)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲמָלֵקִי (H6003) 'and the Amalekite'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הֵ֜נָּהtheypron 3fp · הֵנָּה (H2007)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵנָּה (H2007) 'they'.
יֹשְׁב֤וֹתthe inhabitants ofQal ptc fp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
הָאָ֨רֶץ֙the landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
מֵֽעוֹלָ֔םfrom of oldprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'from of old'.
בּוֹאֲךָ֥and they cameQal inf constr + sfx 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
שׁ֖וּרָהShurN · שׁוּר (H7793)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוּר (H7793) 'Shur'.
וְעַדand toconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'and to'.
אֶ֥רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
מִצְרָֽיִםEgyptN · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'.
9

וְהִכָּ֤ה דָוִד֙ אֶת הָאָ֔רֶץ וְלֹ֥א יְחַיֶּ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְלָקַח֩ צֹ֨אן וּבָקָ֜ר וַחֲמֹרִ֤ים וּגְמַלִּים֙ וּבְגָדִ֔ים וַיָּ֖שָׁב וַיָּבֹ֥א אֶל אָכִֽישׁ

And David smote the land, and left neither man nor woman alive, and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel, and returned, and came to Achish.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and one strikes'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְהִכָּ֤הand one strikesconj וְ + Hiphil perf 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהִכָּה (H5221) 'and one strikes'.
דָוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יְחַיֶּ֖הdoes livePiel impf 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָיָה (H2421) 'does live'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וְאִשָּׁ֑הand a womanconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'and a woman'.
וְלָקַח֩and he shall takeconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'and he shall take'.
צֹ֨אןflocksN c · צֹאן (H6629)Construct chain (genitival)צֹאן (H6629) 'flocks'.
וּבָקָ֜רand cattleconj וְ + N com c sg abs · בָּקָר (H1241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּקָר (H1241) 'and cattle'.
וַחֲמֹרִ֤יםand donkeysconj וְ + N com c pl abs · חֲמוֹר (H2543)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמוֹר (H2543) 'and donkeys'.
וּגְמַלִּים֙and camelsconj וְ + N com m pl abs · גָּמָל (H1581)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּמָל (H1581) 'and camels'.
וּבְגָדִ֔יםand garmentsconj וְ + N com m pl abs · בֶּגֶד (H899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'and garments'.
וַיָּ֖שָׁבand he returnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
וַיָּבֹ֥אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אָכִֽישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
10

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אָכִ֔ישׁ אַל פְּשַׁטְתֶּ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד עַל נֶ֤גֶב יְהוּדָה֙ וְעַל נֶ֣גֶב הַיַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔י וְאֶל נֶ֖גֶב הַקֵּינִֽי

And Achish said, Whither have you made a road to day? And David said, Against the south of Judah, and against the south of the Jerahmeelites, and against the south of the Kenites.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אָכִ֔ישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
פְּשַׁטְתֶּ֖םand he shall take offQal perf 2mp · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּשַׁט (H6584) 'and he shall take off'.
הַיּ֑וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִ֗דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
נֶ֤גֶבsouthN c · נֶגֶב (H5045)Construct chain (genitival)נֶגֶב (H5045) 'south'.
יְהוּדָה֙JudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
נֶ֣גֶבsouthN c · נֶגֶב (H5045)Construct chain (genitival)נֶגֶב (H5045) 'south'.
הַיַּרְחְמְאֵלִ֔יJerahmeelitesart + N gentilic m sg abs · יְרַחְמְאֵלִי (H3397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרַחְמְאֵלִי (H3397) 'Jerahmeelites'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
נֶ֖גֶבsouthN c · נֶגֶב (H5045)Construct chain (genitival)נֶגֶב (H5045) 'south'.
הַקֵּינִֽיthe Keniteart + N gentilic m sg abs · קֵינִי (H7017)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֵינִי (H7017) 'the Kenite'.
11

וְאִ֨ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֜ה לֹֽא יְחַיֶּ֣ה דָוִ֗ד לְהָבִ֥יא גַת֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר פֶּן יַגִּ֥דוּ עָלֵ֖ינוּ לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּֽה עָשָׂ֤ה דָוִד֙ וְכֹ֣ה מִשְׁפָּט֔וֹ כָּל הַ֨יָּמִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָשַׁ֖ב בִּשְׂדֵ֥ה פְלִשְׁתִּֽים

And David saved neither man nor woman alive, to bring to Gath, saying, Lest they should tell on us, saying, So did David, and so his manner all the while he dwelleth in the country of the Philistines.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'does live'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וְאִ֨ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
וְאִשָּׁ֜הand a womanconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'and a woman'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יְחַיֶּ֣הdoes livePiel impf 3ms · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָיָה (H2421) 'does live'.
דָוִ֗דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לְהָבִ֥יאto bringprep + Hiphil inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'to bring'.
גַת֙in GathN · גַּת (H1661)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּת (H1661) 'in Gath'.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
יַגִּ֥דוּand it was toldHiphil impf 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'and it was told'.
עָלֵ֖ינוּupon usprep + sfx 1cp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon us'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
כֹּֽהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
עָשָׂ֤הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
דָוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וְכֹ֣הand thusconj וְ + art · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'and thus'.
מִשְׁפָּט֔וֹas prescribedN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'as prescribed'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַ֨יָּמִ֔יםthe daysart + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יָשַׁ֖בdwellingQal perf 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
בִּשְׂדֵ֥הin the fieldprep + N com m sg constr · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'in the field'.
פְלִשְׁתִּֽיםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
12

וַיַּאֲמֵ֥ן אָכִ֖ישׁ בְּדָוִ֣ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הַבְאֵ֤שׁ הִבְאִישׁ֙ בְּעַמּ֣וֹ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהָ֥יָה לִ֖י לְעֶ֥בֶד עוֹלָֽם

And Achish believed David, saying, He has made his people Israel utterly to abhor him; therefore he shall be my servant for ever.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and believed'. Closes the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיַּאֲמֵ֥ןand believedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַן (H539)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַן (H539) 'and believed'.
אָכִ֖ישׁAchishN · אֲכִישׁ (H397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲכִישׁ (H397) 'Achish'.
בְּדָוִ֣דinprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'in'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
הַבְאֵ֤שׁand it stankHiphil inf abs · בָּאַשׁ (H887)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionבָּאַשׁ (H887) 'and it stank'.
הִבְאִישׁ֙did it stinkHiphil perf 3ms · בָּאַשׁ (H887)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּאַשׁ (H887) 'did it stink'.
בְּעַמּ֣וֹthe peopleprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'in Israel'.
וְהָ֥יָהand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
לִ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
לְעֶ֥בֶדhis servantsprep + N com m sg constr · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servants'.
עוֹלָֽםperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.