Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The First Book of Samuel, Chapter 25שמואל א 25

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

1 Samuel 25 (44 verses in the MT) opens: And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran. The middle of the chapter continues: And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground, It closes: But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, which of Gallim.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 1 Samuel 25 comprises 44 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-9) — And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lame. And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran. And a man in Maon, whose possessions in Carmel; and the man very great, and he had three thousand sheep, and a thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel. Now the name. Movement II (vv. 10-18) — And Nabal answered David's servants, and said, Who David? and who the so. And Nabal answered David's servants, and said, Who David? and who the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master. Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give to men, whom I know not whence they ? So David's young men turned their way, and went again, and. Movement III (vv. 19-27) — And she said to her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. And she said to her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal. And it was she rode on the ass, that she came down by the covert of the hill, and, behold, David and his men came down against her; and she met them. Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this has in the wilderness, so that nothing. Movement IV (vv. 28-36) — I pray you, forgive the trespass of your handmaid: for YHWH will certain. I pray you, forgive the trespass of your handmaid: for YHWH will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of YHWH, and evil has not been found in you your days. Yet a man is risen to pursue you, and to seek your soul: but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with YHWH your God; and the souls of your. Movement V (vv. 37-44) — But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal. But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became a stone. And it came to pass about ten days , that YHWH smote Nabal, that he died. And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed YHWH, that has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיָּ֣מָת שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּקָּבְצ֤וּ כָל יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיִּסְפְּדוּ ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בְּבֵית֖וֹ בָּרָמָ֑ה וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֖רֶד אֶל מִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָֽן

And Samuel died; and all the Israelites were gathered together, and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he died'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיָּ֣מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
שְׁמוּאֵ֔לShemuelN · שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמוּאֵל (H8050) 'Shemuel'.
וַיִּקָּבְצ֤וּand let them gatherconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַץ (H6908) 'and let them gather'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וַיִּסְפְּדוּand they lamentedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · סָפַד (H5594)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָפַד (H5594) 'and they lamented'.
ל֔וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּand he was buriedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3ms · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַר (H6912) 'and he was buried'.
בְּבֵית֖וֹover his houseprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'over his house'.
בָּרָמָ֑הRamahprep + art + N proper · רָמָה (H7414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָמָה (H7414) 'Ramah'.
וַיָּ֣קָםand he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
דָּוִ֔דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיֵּ֖רֶדand went downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
מִדְבַּ֥רthe wilderness ofN c · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Construct chain (genitival)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'the wilderness of'.
פָּארָֽןParanN · פָּארָן (H6290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּארָן (H6290) 'Paran'.
2

וְאִ֨ישׁ בְּמָע֜וֹן וּמַעֲשֵׂ֣הוּ בַכַּרְמֶ֗ל וְהָאִישׁ֙ גָּד֣וֹל מְאֹ֔ד וְל֛וֹ צֹ֥אן שְׁלֹֽשֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים וְאֶ֣לֶף עִזִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֛י בִּגְזֹ֥ז אֶת צֹאנ֖וֹ בַּכַּרְמֶֽל

And a man in Maon, whose possessions in Carmel; and the man very great, and he had three thousand sheep, and a thousand goats: and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְאִ֨ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
בְּמָע֜וֹןMaonprep + N proper · מָעוֹן (H4584)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָעוֹן (H4584) 'Maon'.
וּמַעֲשֵׂ֣הוּthe work ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
בַכַּרְמֶ֗לat Carmelprep + art + N proper · כַּרְמֶל (H3760)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּרְמֶל (H3760) 'at Carmel'.
וְהָאִישׁ֙and the manconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and the man'.
גָּד֣וֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
מְאֹ֔דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
וְל֛וֹand to himconj וְ + prep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'and to him'.
צֹ֥אןflocksN c · צֹאן (H6629)Construct chain (genitival)צֹאן (H6629) 'flocks'.
שְׁלֹֽשֶׁתthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
אֲלָפִ֖יםthousandAdj · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'thousand'.
וְאֶ֣לֶףand a thousandconj וְ + Adj c · אֶלֶף (H505)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלֶף (H505) 'and a thousand'.
עִזִּ֑יםgoatsN c · עֵז (H5795)Construct chain (genitival)עֵז (H5795) 'goats'.
וַיְהִ֛יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
בִּגְזֹ֥זto shearprep + Qal inf constr · גָּזַז (H1494)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementגָּזַז (H1494) 'to shear'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
צֹאנ֖וֹhis flockN c · צֹאן (H6629)Construct chain (genitival)צֹאן (H6629) 'his flock'.
בַּכַּרְמֶֽלat Carmelprep + art + N proper · כַּרְמֶל (H3760)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּרְמֶל (H3760) 'at Carmel'.
3

וְשֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ נָבָ֔ל וְשֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲבִגָ֑יִל וְהָאִשָּׁ֤ה טֽוֹבַת שֶׂ֨כֶל֙ וִ֣יפַת תֹּ֔אַר וְהָאִ֥ישׁ קָשֶׁ֛ה וְרַ֥ע מַעֲלָלִ֖ים וְה֥וּא כלבו כָלִבִּֽי

Now the name of the man Nabal; and the name of his wife Abigail: and a woman of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance: but the man churlish and evil in his doings; and he of the house of Caleb.

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְשֵׁ֤םand the name ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'and the name of'.
הָאִישׁ֙the manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'the man'.
נָבָ֔לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
וְשֵׁ֥םand the name ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'and the name of'.
אִשְׁתּ֖וֹhis wifeN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'his wife'.
אֲבִגָ֑יִלAbigalN · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'Abigal'.
וְהָאִשָּׁ֤הand the womanconj וְ + art + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'and the woman'.
טֽוֹבַתgood/beautiful ofAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good/beautiful of'.
שֶׂ֨כֶל֙discretionN c · שֶׂכֶל (H7922)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׂכֶל (H7922) 'discretion'.
וִ֣יפַתand beautiful ofconj וְ + Adj · יָפֶה (H3303)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָפֶה (H3303) 'and beautiful of'.
תֹּ֔אַרformN c · תֹּאַר (H8389)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּאַר (H8389) 'form'.
וְהָאִ֥ישׁand the manconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and the man'.
קָשֶׁ֛הhardAdj · קָשֶׁה (H7186)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָשֶׁה (H7186) 'hard'.
וְרַ֥עand evilconj וְ + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'and evil'.
מַעֲלָלִ֖יםyour deedsN c · מַעֲלָל (H4611)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲלָל (H4611) 'your deeds'.
וְה֥וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
כלבוhis heartprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
כָלִבִּֽיof the house of CalebN · כָּלִבּוֹ (H3614)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּלִבּוֹ (H3614) 'of the house of Caleb'.
4

וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע דָּוִ֖ד בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּֽי גֹזֵ֥ז נָבָ֖ל אֶת צֹאנֽוֹ

And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did shear his sheep.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיִּשְׁמַ֥עand he heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
בַּמִּדְבָּ֑רin the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גֹזֵ֥זto shearQal ptc ms · גָּזַז (H1494)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּזַז (H1494) 'to shear'.
נָבָ֖לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
צֹאנֽוֹhis flockN c · צֹאן (H6629)Construct chain (genitival)צֹאן (H6629) 'his flock'.
5

וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד עֲשָׂרָ֣ה נְעָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לַנְּעָרִ֗ים עֲל֤וּ כַרְמֶ֨לָה֙ וּבָאתֶ֣ם אֶל נָבָ֔ל וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּם ל֥וֹ בִשְׁמִ֖י לְשָׁלֽוֹם

And David sent out ten young men, and David said to the young men, Get you up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֥חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
עֲשָׂרָ֣הtenAdj · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'ten'.
נְעָרִ֑יםthe boyN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִ֜דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לַנְּעָרִ֗יםthe boyprep + art + N com m pl abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
עֲל֤וּwent upQal impv 2mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָלָה (H5927) 'went up'.
כַרְמֶ֨לָה֙in CarmelN · כַּרְמֶל (H3760)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּרְמֶל (H3760) 'in Carmel'.
וּבָאתֶ֣םand you shall enterconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Particle or relational elementבּוֹא (H935) 'and you shall enter'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
נָבָ֔לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּםaskconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · שָׁאַל (H7592)Particle or relational elementשָׁאַל (H7592) 'ask'.
ל֥וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
בִשְׁמִ֖יin my nameprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in my name'.
לְשָׁלֽוֹםin peaceprep + N com m sg abs · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'in peace'.
6

וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֥ם כֹּ֖ה לֶחָ֑י וְאַתָּ֤ה שָׁלוֹם֙ וּבֵיתְךָ֣ שָׁל֔וֹם וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר לְךָ֖ שָׁלֽוֹם

And thus shall you say to him that liveth , Peace both to you, and peace to your house, and peace to all that you have.

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֥םand you shall sayconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and you shall say'.
כֹּ֖הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
לֶחָ֑יlivingprep + art + Adj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'living'.
וְאַתָּ֤הand youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
שָׁלוֹם֙peaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
וּבֵיתְךָ֣and your householdconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'and your household'.
שָׁל֔וֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
וְכֹ֥לand allconj וְ + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לְךָ֖to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
שָׁלֽוֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
7

וְעַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י גֹזְזִ֖ים לָ֑ךְ עַתָּ֗ה הָרֹעִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר לְךָ֙ הָי֣וּ עִמָּ֔נוּ לֹ֣א הֶכְלַמְנ֗וּם וְלֹֽא נִפְקַ֤ד לָהֶם֙ מְא֔וּמָה כָּל יְמֵ֖י הֱיוֹתָ֥ם בַּכַּרְמֶֽל

And now I have heard that you have shearers: now your shepherds which were with us, we hurt them not, neither was there ought missing to them, all the while they were in Carmel.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וְעַתָּ֣הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
שָׁמַ֔עְתִּיI have heardQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'I have heard'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גֹזְזִ֖יםto shearQal ptc mp · גָּזַז (H1494)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּזַז (H1494) 'to shear'.
לָ֑ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
עַתָּ֗הnowart · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'.
הָרֹעִ֤יםthe shepherdsart + Qal ptc mp · רָעָה (H7462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7462) 'the shepherds'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לְךָ֙to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
הָי֣וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
עִמָּ֔נוּwith usprep + sfx 1cp · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with us'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הֶכְלַמְנ֗וּםyou have humiliated meHiphil perf 1cp + sfx 3mp · כָּלַם (H3637)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּלַם (H3637) 'you have humiliated me'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נִפְקַ֤דis missingN · פָּקַד (H6485)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּקַד (H6485) 'is missing'.
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
מְא֔וּמָהanythingN c · מְאוּמָה (H3972)Construct chain (genitival)מְאוּמָה (H3972) 'anything'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יְמֵ֖יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
הֱיוֹתָ֥םtheir being/existingQal inf constr + sfx 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'their being/existing'.
בַּכַּרְמֶֽלat Carmelprep + art + N proper · כַּרְמֶל (H3760)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּרְמֶל (H3760) 'at Carmel'.
8

שְׁאַ֨ל אֶת נְעָרֶ֜יךָ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֗ךְ וְיִמְצְא֨וּ הַנְּעָרִ֥ים חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי עַל י֥וֹם ט֖וֹב בָּ֑נוּ תְּנָה נָּ֗א אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֤א יָֽדְךָ֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּלְבִנְךָ֖ לְדָוִֽד

Ask your young men, and they will shew you. Wherefore let the young men find favour in your eyes: for we come in a good day: give, I pray you, whatsoever cometh to your hand to your servants, and to your son David.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'ask'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
שְׁאַ֨לaskQal impv 2ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁאַל (H7592) 'ask'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נְעָרֶ֜יךָthe boyN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
וְיַגִּ֣ידוּand toldconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַד (H5046) 'and told'.
לָ֗ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
וְיִמְצְא֨וּand they foundconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'and they found'.
הַנְּעָרִ֥יםthe young menart + N com m pl abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the young men'.
חֵן֙favorN c · חֵן (H2580)Construct chain (genitival)חֵן (H2580) 'favor'.
בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָin your eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 2ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in your eyes'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
י֥וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
ט֖וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
בָּ֑נוּand they cameQal perf 1cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
תְּנָהgiveQal impv 2ms + Sh · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָתַן (H5414) 'give'.
נָּ֗אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
אֵת֩(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
תִּמְצָ֤אshe findsQal impf 3fs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'she finds'.
יָֽדְךָ֙your handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hand'.
לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָto your servantsprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'to your servants'.
וּלְבִנְךָ֖the sons ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
לְדָוִֽדtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
9

וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ נַעֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַיְדַבְּר֧וּ אֶל נָבָ֛ל כְּכָל הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בְּשֵׁ֣ם דָּוִ֑ד וַיָּנֽוּחוּ

And when David's young men came, they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they came'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙and they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
נַעֲרֵ֣יthe young men ofN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'the young men of'.
דָוִ֔דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיְדַבְּר֧וּand they spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and they spoke'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
נָבָ֛לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
כְּכָלaccording to allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'according to all'.
הַדְּבָרִ֥יםthe wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
הָאֵ֖לֶּהtheseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
בְּשֵׁ֣םin the name ofprep + N com m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in the name of'.
דָּוִ֑דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיָּנֽוּחוּgives restconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נוּחַ (H5117)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּחַ (H5117) 'gives rest'.
10

וַיַּ֨עַן נָבָ֜ל אֶת עַבְדֵ֤י דָוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר מִ֥י דָוִ֖ד וּמִ֣י בֶן יִשָׁ֑י הַיּוֹם֙ רַבּ֣וּ עֲבָדִ֔ים הַמִּתְפָּ֣רְצִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵ֥י אֲדֹנָֽיו

And Nabal answered David's servants, and said, Who David? and who the son of Jesse? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and answered'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיַּ֨עַןand answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
נָבָ֜לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עַבְדֵ֤יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
דָוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיֹּ֔אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
מִ֥יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
דָוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וּמִ֣יand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
בֶןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
יִשָׁ֑יJesseN · יִשַׁי (H3448)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשַׁי (H3448) 'Jesse'.
הַיּוֹם֙todayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
רַבּ֣וּand multiplyQal perf 3cp · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָבָה (H7235) 'and multiply'.
עֲבָדִ֔יםslavesN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'slaves'.
הַמִּתְפָּ֣רְצִ֔יםhe break outart + Hithpael ptc mp · פָּרַץ (H6555)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּרַץ (H6555) 'he break out'.
אִ֖ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
מִפְּנֵ֥יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
אֲדֹנָֽיוhis masterN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'his master'.
11

וְלָקַחְתִּ֤י אֶת לַחְמִי֙ וְאֶת מֵימַ֔י וְאֵת֙ טִבְחָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר טָבַ֖חְתִּי לְגֹֽזְזָ֑י וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ לַֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה הֵֽמָּה

Shall I then take my bread, and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give to men, whom I know not whence they ?

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'slaughtered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְלָקַחְתִּ֤יand I will takeconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · לָקַח (H3947)Particle or relational elementלָקַח (H3947) 'and I will take'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
לַחְמִי֙my foodN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'my food'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
מֵימַ֔יthe waters ofN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'the waters of'.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
טִבְחָתִ֔יfleshN c · טִבְחָה (H2878)Construct chain (genitival)טִבְחָה (H2878) 'flesh'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
טָבַ֖חְתִּיslaughteredQal perf 1cs · טָבַח (H2873)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actטָבַח (H2873) 'slaughtered'.
לְגֹֽזְזָ֑יto shearprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · גָּזַז (H1494)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּזַז (H1494) 'to shear'.
וְנָֽתַתִּי֙and I will giveconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'and I will give'.
לַֽאֲנָשִׁ֔יםto the menprep + N com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'to the men'.
אֲשֶׁר֙thatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדַ֔עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
אֵ֥יwhereinterrog. · אֵי (H335)Particle or relational elementאֵי (H335) 'where'.
מִזֶּ֖הfrom hereprep + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'from here'.
הֵֽמָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
12

וַיַּהַפְכ֥וּ נַעֲרֵֽי דָוִ֖ד לְדַרְכָּ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֨בוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֔אוּ וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ ל֔וֹ כְּכֹ֖ל הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה

So David's young men turned their way, and went again, and came and told him all those sayings.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and it was turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיַּהַפְכ֥וּand it was turnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָפַךְ (H2015)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָפַךְ (H2015) 'and it was turned'.
נַעֲרֵֽיthe young men ofN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'the young men of'.
דָוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לְדַרְכָּ֑םon the wayprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
וַיָּשֻׁ֨בוּ֙and they returnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725) 'and they returned'.
וַיָּבֹ֔אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
וַיַּגִּ֣דוּand reportedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and reported'.
ל֔וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
כְּכֹ֖לaccording to allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'according to all'.
הַדְּבָרִ֥יםthe wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
הָאֵֽלֶּהtheseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
13

וַיֹּאמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חִגְר֣וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת חַרְבּ֗וֹ וַֽיַּחְגְּרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת חַרְבּ֔וֹ וַיַּחְגֹּ֥ר גַּם דָּוִ֖ד אֶת חַרְבּ֑וֹ וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד כְּאַרְבַּ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ אִ֔ישׁ וּמָאתַ֖יִם יָשְׁב֥וּ עַל הַכֵּלִֽים

And David said to his men, Gird you on every man his sword. And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword: and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the stuff.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
וַיֹּאמֶר֩and he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִ֨דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יוa manprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
חִגְר֣וּgirdedQal impv 2mp · חָגַר (H2296)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָגַר (H2296) 'girded'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
חַרְבּ֗וֹhis swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'his sword'.
וַֽיַּחְגְּרוּ֙girdedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · חָגַר (H2296)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָגַר (H2296) 'girded'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
חַרְבּ֔וֹhis swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'his sword'.
וַיַּחְגֹּ֥רgirdedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָגַר (H2296)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָגַר (H2296) 'girded'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
חַרְבּ֑וֹhis swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'his sword'.
וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּand they went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) 'and they went up'.
אַחֲרֵ֣יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
דָוִ֗דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
כְּאַרְבַּ֤עfourprep + Adj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
מֵאוֹת֙hundredAdj · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'hundred'.
אִ֔ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וּמָאתַ֖יִםand two hundredconj וְ + Adj c det · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'and two hundred'.
יָשְׁב֥וּlivedQal perf 3cp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָשַׁב (H3427) 'lived'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַכֵּלִֽיםthe vesselsart + N com m pl abs · כְּלִי (H3627)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּלִי (H3627) 'the vessels'.
14

וְלַאֲבִיגַ֨יִל֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת נָבָ֔ל הִגִּ֧יד נַֽעַר אֶחָ֛ד מֵהַנְּעָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה שָׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד מַלְאָכִ֧ים מֵֽהַמִּדְבָּ֛ר לְבָרֵ֥ךְ אֶת אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּ וַיָּ֥עַט בָּהֶֽם

But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master; and he railed on them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'told'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְלַאֲבִיגַ֨יִל֙andconj וְ + prep + N proper · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'and'.
אֵ֣שֶׁתwife ofN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'wife of'.
נָבָ֔לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
הִגִּ֧ידtoldHiphil perf 3ms · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) 'told'.
נַֽעַרa boyN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'a boy'.
אֶחָ֛דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
מֵהַנְּעָרִ֖יםthe boyprep + art + N com m pl abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
הִנֵּ֣הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
שָׁלַח֩let goQal perf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'let go'.
דָּוִ֨דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
מַלְאָכִ֧יםmessengersN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers'.
מֵֽהַמִּדְבָּ֛רfrom the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'from the wilderness'.
לְבָרֵ֥ךְto blessprep + Piel inf constr · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'to bless'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
וַיָּ֥עַטandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עִיט (H5860)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעִיט (H5860) 'and'.
בָּהֶֽםin themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in them'.
15

וְהָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים טֹבִ֥ים לָ֖נוּ מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹ֤א הָכְלַ֨מְנוּ֙ וְלֹֽא פָקַ֣דְנוּ מְא֔וּמָה כָּל יְמֵי֙ הִתְהַלַּ֣כְנוּ אִתָּ֔ם בִּֽהְיוֹתֵ֖נוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה

But the men very good to us, and we were not hurt, neither missed we any thing, as long as we were conversant with them, when we were in the fields:

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have humiliated me'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְהָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔יםand the menconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and the men'.
טֹבִ֥יםgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
לָ֖נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
מְאֹ֑דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
וְלֹ֤אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
הָכְלַ֨מְנוּ֙you have humiliated meHophal perf 1cp · כָּלַם (H3637)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּלַם (H3637) 'you have humiliated me'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
פָקַ֣דְנוּtheir mustered (men)Qal perf 1cp · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
מְא֔וּמָהanythingN c · מְאוּמָה (H3972)Construct chain (genitival)מְאוּמָה (H3972) 'anything'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יְמֵי֙the days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
הִתְהַלַּ֣כְנוּgoingHithpael perf 1cp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'going'.
אִתָּ֔םwith themprep + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with them'.
בִּֽהְיוֹתֵ֖נוּand it happenedprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cp · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
בַּשָּׂדֶֽהin the fieldprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'in the field'.
16

חוֹמָה֙ הָי֣וּ עָלֵ֔ינוּ גַּם לַ֖יְלָה גַּם יוֹמָ֑ם כָּל יְמֵ֛י הֱיוֹתֵ֥נוּ עִמָּ֖ם רֹעִ֥ים הַצֹּֽאן

They were a wall to us both by night and day, all the while we were with them keeping the sheep.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
חוֹמָה֙with a wallN c · חוֹמָה (H2346)Construct chain (genitival)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'with a wall'.
הָי֣וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
עָלֵ֔ינוּupon usprep + sfx 1cp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon us'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
לַ֖יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
יוֹמָ֑םby dayart · יוֹמָם (H3119)Particle or relational elementיוֹמָם (H3119) 'by day'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יְמֵ֛יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
הֱיוֹתֵ֥נוּand it happenedQal inf constr + sfx 1cp · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
עִמָּ֖םwith themprep + sfx 3mp · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with them'.
רֹעִ֥יםpasturingQal ptc mp · רָעָה (H7462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7462) 'pasturing'.
הַצֹּֽאןthe flockart + N com c sg abs · צֹאן (H6629)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֹאן (H6629) 'the flock'.
17

וְעַתָּ֗ה דְּעִ֤י וּרְאִי֙ מַֽה תַּעֲשִׂ֔י כִּֽי כָלְתָ֧ה הָרָעָ֛ה אֶל אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּ וְעַ֣ל כָּל בֵּית֑וֹ וְהוּא֙ בֶּן בְּלִיַּ֔עַל מִדַּבֵּ֖ר אֵלָֽיו

Now therefore know and consider what you will do; for evil is determined against our master, and against all his household: for he a son of Belial, that cannot speak to him.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'I know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְעַתָּ֗הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
דְּעִ֤יI knowQal impv 2fs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
וּרְאִי֙and he sawconj וְ + Qal impv 2fs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
מַֽהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
תַּעֲשִׂ֔יyou shall doQal impf 2fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you shall do'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כָלְתָ֧הand he finishedQal perf 3fs · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּלָה (H3615) 'and he finished'.
הָרָעָ֛הthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
וְעַ֣לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
בֵּית֑וֹhis houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'his house'.
וְהוּא֙and heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
בְּלִיַּ֔עַלworthlessnessN c · בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100)Construct chain (genitival)בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100) 'worthlessness'.
מִדַּבֵּ֖רspeakingprep + Piel inf constr · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speaking'.
אֵלָֽיוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
18

וַתְּמַהֵ֣ר אבוגיל אֲבִיגַ֡יִל וַתִּקַּח֩ מָאתַ֨יִם לֶ֜חֶם וּשְׁנַ֣יִם נִבְלֵי יַ֗יִן וְחָמֵ֨שׁ צֹ֤אן עשוות עֲשׂוּיֹת֙ וְחָמֵ֤שׁ סְאִים֙ קָלִ֔י וּמֵאָ֥ה צִמֻּקִ֖ים וּמָאתַ֣יִם דְּבֵלִ֑ים וַתָּ֖שֶׂם עַל הַחֲמֹרִֽים

Then Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched , and an hundred clusters of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid on asses.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she hurried'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַתְּמַהֵ֣רand she hurriedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3fs · מָהַר (H4116)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָהַר (H4116) 'and she hurried'.
אבוגילAbigalN · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'Abigal'.
אֲבִיגַ֡יִלAbigalN · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'Abigal'.
וַתִּקַּח֩and she tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and she took'.
מָאתַ֨יִםtwo hundredAdj · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'two hundred'.
לֶ֜חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
וּשְׁנַ֣יִםand twoconj וְ + Adj c det · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'and two'.
נִבְלֵיandN c · נֶבֶל (H5035)Construct chain (genitival)נֶבֶל (H5035) 'and'.
יַ֗יִןwineN c · יַיִן (H3196)Construct chain (genitival)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'.
וְחָמֵ֨שׁand fiveconj וְ + Adj c · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'and five'.
צֹ֤אןflocksN c · צֹאן (H6629)Construct chain (genitival)צֹאן (H6629) 'flocks'.
עשוותto doQal ptc fp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'.
עֲשׂוּיֹת֙to doQal ptc fp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'.
וְחָמֵ֤שׁand fiveconj וְ + Adj c · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'and five'.
סְאִים֙seahsN c · סְאָה (H5429)Construct chain (genitival)סְאָה (H5429) 'seahs'.
קָלִ֔יor roasted grainN c · קָלִי (H7039)Construct chain (genitival)קָלִי (H7039) 'or roasted grain'.
וּמֵאָ֥הand a hundredconj וְ + Adj c · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'and a hundred'.
צִמֻּקִ֖יםbunch (cluster) of raisinsN c · צַמּוּק (H6778)Construct chain (genitival)צַמּוּק (H6778) 'bunch (cluster) of raisins'.
וּמָאתַ֣יִםand two hundredconj וְ + Adj c det · מֵאָה (H3967)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֵאָה (H3967) 'and two hundred'.
דְּבֵלִ֑יםcake (lump) of figsN c · דְּבֵלָה (H1690)Construct chain (genitival)דְּבֵלָה (H1690) 'cake (lump) of figs'.
וַתָּ֖שֶׂםand she putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and she put'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַחֲמֹרִֽיםthe donkeysart + N com c pl abs · חֲמוֹר (H2543)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמוֹר (H2543) 'the donkeys'.
19

וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לִנְעָרֶ֨יהָ֙ עִבְר֣וּ לְפָנַ֔י הִנְנִ֖י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֣ם בָּאָ֑ה וּלְאִישָׁ֥הּ נָבָ֖ל לֹ֥א הִגִּֽידָה

And she said to her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַתֹּ֤אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and she said'.
לִנְעָרֶ֨יהָ֙the boyprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3fs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
עִבְר֣וּcross overQal impv 2mp · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָבַר (H5674) 'cross over'.
לְפָנַ֔יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 1cs · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
הִנְנִ֖יbehold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
אַחֲרֵיכֶ֣םafter youprep + sfx 2mp · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after you'.
בָּאָ֑הhas comeQal ptc fs · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'has come'.
וּלְאִישָׁ֥הּa manconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
נָבָ֖לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הִגִּֽידָהtellHiphil perf 3fs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) 'tell'.
20

וְהָיָ֞ה הִ֣יא רֹכֶ֣בֶת עַֽל הַחֲמ֗וֹר וְיֹרֶ֨דֶת֙ בְּסֵ֣תֶר הָהָ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה דָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו יֹרְדִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ וַתִּפְגֹּ֖שׁ אֹתָֽם

And it was she rode on the ass, that she came down by the covert of the hill, and, behold, David and his men came down against her; and she met them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and it shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְהָיָ֞הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
הִ֣יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
רֹכֶ֣בֶתyou have riddenQal ptc fs · רָכַב (H7392)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָכַב (H7392) 'you have ridden'.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַחֲמ֗וֹרthe donkeyart + N com c sg abs · חֲמוֹר (H2543)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמוֹר (H2543) 'the donkey'.
וְיֹרֶ֨דֶת֙and went downconj וְ + Qal ptc fs · יָרַד (H3381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
בְּסֵ֣תֶרin secretprep + N com m sg constr · סֵתֶר (H5643)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֵתֶר (H5643) 'in secret'.
הָהָ֔רthe mountainart + N com m sg abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountain'.
וְהִנֵּ֤הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
דָוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יוa manconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
יֹרְדִ֖יםand went downQal ptc mp · יָרַד (H3381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
לִקְרָאתָ֑הּhappens to beprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3fs · קָרָא (H7122)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7122) 'happens to be'.
וַתִּפְגֹּ֖שׁand he met himconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · פָּגַשׁ (H6298)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּגַשׁ (H6298) 'and he met him'.
אֹתָֽםthemobj marker + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'them'.
21

וְדָוִ֣ד אָמַ֗ר אַךְ֩ לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי אֶֽת כָּל אֲשֶׁ֤ר לָזֶה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְלֹא נִפְקַ֥ד מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָה וַיָּֽשֶׁב לִ֥י רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָֽה

Now David had said, Surely in vain have I kept all that this has in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that to him: and he has requited me evil for good.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וְדָוִ֣דandconj וְ + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'and'.
אָמַ֗רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אַךְ֩onlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
לַשֶּׁ֨קֶרfalselyprep + art + N com m sg abs · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsely'.
שָׁמַ֜רְתִּיand you shall keepQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
אֶֽת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לָזֶה֙thisprep + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
בַּמִּדְבָּ֔רin the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נִפְקַ֥דis missingN · פָּקַד (H6485)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּקַד (H6485) 'is missing'.
מִכָּלfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'from all'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
מְא֑וּמָהanythingN c · מְאוּמָה (H3972)Construct chain (genitival)מְאוּמָה (H3972) 'anything'.
וַיָּֽשֶׁבand he returnedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
לִ֥יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
רָעָ֖הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
תַּ֥חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
טוֹבָֽהgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
22

כֹּה יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֑יף אִם אַשְׁאִ֧יר מִכָּל אֲשֶׁר ל֛וֹ עַד הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר

So and more also do God to the enemies of David, if I leave of all that to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'he shall do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
כֹּהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
יַעֲשֶׂ֧הhe shall doQal jussive 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
אֱלֹהִ֛יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
לְאֹיְבֵ֥יyour enemiesprep + Qal ptc mp · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
דָוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וְכֹ֣הand thusconj וְ + art · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'and thus'.
יֹסִ֑יףhe shall add [exceed]Hiphil jussive 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add [exceed]'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אַשְׁאִ֧ירhe leftHiphil impf 1cs · שָׁאַר (H7604)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁאַר (H7604) 'he left'.
מִכָּלfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'from all'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
ל֛וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הַבֹּ֖קֶרthe morningart + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'the morning'.
מַשְׁתִּ֥יןpissHiphil ptc ms · שָׁתַן (H8366)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁתַן (H8366) 'piss'.
בְּקִֽירin the wall ofprep + N com m sg abs · קִיר (H7023)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיר (H7023) 'in the wall of'.
23

וַתֵּ֤רֶא אֲבִיגַ֨יִל֙ אֶת דָּוִ֔ד וַתְּמַהֵ֕ר וַתֵּ֖רֶד מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל לְאַפֵּ֤י דָוִד֙ עַל פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָֽרֶץ

And when Abigail saw David, she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַתֵּ֤רֶאand she sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and she saw'.
אֲבִיגַ֨יִל֙AbigalN · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'Abigal'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דָּוִ֔דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַתְּמַהֵ֕רand she hurriedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3fs · מָהַר (H4116)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָהַר (H4116) 'and she hurried'.
וַתֵּ֖רֶדand she went downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'and she went down'.
מֵעַ֣לfrom uponprep + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from upon'.
הַחֲמ֑וֹרthe donkeyart + N com c sg abs · חֲמוֹר (H2543)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמוֹר (H2543) 'the donkey'.
וַתִּפֹּ֞לand alightedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and alighted'.
לְאַפֵּ֤יthe anger ofprep + N com m du constr · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
דָוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פָּנֶ֔יהָits faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'its face'.
וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּand they bowed downconj וְ + Hishtaphel wayyiqtol 3fs · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחָה (H7812) 'and they bowed down'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
24

וַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל רַגְלָ֔יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר בִּי אֲנִ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י הֶֽעָוֺ֑ן וּֽתְדַבֶּר נָ֤א אֲמָֽתְךָ֙ בְּאָזְנֶ֔יךָ וּשְׁמַ֕ע אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֥י אֲמָתֶֽךָ

And fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, me iniquity : and let your handmaid, I pray you, speak in your audience, and hear the words of your handmaid.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and alighted'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַתִּפֹּל֙and alightedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and alighted'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רַגְלָ֔יוhis feetN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'his feet'.
וַתֹּ֕אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and she said'.
בִּיagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
אֲנִ֥יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
אֲדֹנִ֖יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
הֶֽעָוֺ֑ןthe iniquity ofart + N com c sg abs · עָוֹן (H5771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
וּֽתְדַבֶּרand she spokeconj וְ + Piel jussive 3fs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and she spoke'.
נָ֤אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
אֲמָֽתְךָ֙your maidservantN c · אָמָה (H519)Construct chain (genitival)אָמָה (H519) 'your maidservant'.
בְּאָזְנֶ֔יךָin the ears ofprep + N com f du constr + sfx 2ms · אֹזֶן (H241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
וּשְׁמַ֕עand hearconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and hear'.
אֵ֖ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דִּבְרֵ֥יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
אֲמָתֶֽךָyour maidservantN c · אָמָה (H519)Construct chain (genitival)אָמָה (H519) 'your maidservant'.
25

אַל נָ֣א יָשִׂ֣ים אֲדֹנִ֣י אֶת לִבּ֡וֹ אֶל אִישׁ֩ הַבְּלִיַּ֨עַל הַזֶּ֜ה עַל נָבָ֗ל כִּ֤י כִשְׁמוֹ֙ כֶּן ה֔וּא נָבָ֣ל שְׁמ֔וֹ וּנְבָלָ֖ה עִמּ֑וֹ וַֽאֲנִי֙ אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ לֹ֥א רָאִ֛יתִי אֶת נַעֲרֵ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלָֽחְתָּ

Let not my lord, I pray you, regard this man of Belial, Nabal: for as his name , so he; Nabal his name, and folly with him: but I your handmaid saw not the young men of my lord, whom you didst send.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'puts'.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
נָ֣אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
יָשִׂ֣יםputsQal jussive 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשִׂים (H7760) 'puts'.
אֲדֹנִ֣יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
לִבּ֡וֹhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אִישׁ֩a manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
הַבְּלִיַּ֨עַלworthlessnessart + N com m sg abs · בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100) 'worthlessness'.
הַזֶּ֜הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
נָבָ֗לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כִשְׁמוֹ֙his nameprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
כֶּןsoart · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
ה֔וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
נָבָ֣לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
שְׁמ֔וֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
וּנְבָלָ֖הan outrageconj וְ + N com f sg abs · נְבָלָה (H5039)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְבָלָה (H5039) 'an outrage'.
עִמּ֑וֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with him'.
וַֽאֲנִי֙and Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔your maidservantN c · אָמָה (H519)Construct chain (genitival)אָמָה (H519) 'your maidservant'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
רָאִ֛יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נַעֲרֵ֥יthe young men ofN c · נַעַר (H5288)Construct chain (genitival)נַעַר (H5288) 'the young men of'.
אֲדֹנִ֖יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
שָׁלָֽחְתָּyou sentQal perf 2ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'you sent'.
26

וְעַתָּ֣ה אֲדֹנִ֗י חַי יְהוָ֤ה וְחֵֽי נַפְשְׁךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר מְנָעֲךָ֤ יְהוָה֙ מִבּ֣וֹא בְדָמִ֔ים וְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ יָדְךָ֖ לָ֑ךְ וְעַתָּ֗ה יִֽהְי֤וּ כְנָבָל֙ אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ וְהַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֥ים אֶל אֲדֹנִ֖י רָעָֽה

Now therefore, my lord, YHWH liveth, and your soul liveth, seeing YHWH has withholden you from coming to blood, and from avenging thyself with your own hand, now let your enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has withheld you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וְעַתָּ֣הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
אֲדֹנִ֗יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
חַיaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְחֵֽיlivingconj וְ + Adj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'living'.
נַפְשְׁךָ֙your soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
מְנָעֲךָ֤has withheld youQal perf 3ms + sfx 2ms · מָנַע (H4513)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָנַע (H4513) 'has withheld you'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִבּ֣וֹאfrom going toprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'from going to'.
בְדָמִ֔יםthe bloodprep + N com m pl abs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'the blood'.
וְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַone to saveconj וְ + Hiphil inf abs · יָשַׁע (H3467)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
יָדְךָ֖your handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hand'.
לָ֑ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
וְעַתָּ֗הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
יִֽהְי֤וּthey shall beQal jussive 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
כְנָבָל֙as / likeprep + N proper · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'as / like'.
אֹיְבֶ֔יךָyour enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 2ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
וְהַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֥יםseekingconj וְ + art + Piel ptc mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֲדֹנִ֖יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
רָעָֽהevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
27

וְעַתָּה֙ הַבְּרָכָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר הֵבִ֥יא שִׁפְחָתְךָ֖ לַֽאדֹנִ֑י וְנִתְּנָה֙ לַנְּעָרִ֔ים הַמִּֽתְהַלְּכִ֖ים בְּרַגְלֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי

And now this blessing which your handmaid has brought to my lord, let it even be given to the young men that follow my lord.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he might bring in'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְעַתָּה֙and nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
הַבְּרָכָ֣הthe blessingart + N com f sg abs · בְּרָכָה (H1293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּרָכָה (H1293) 'the blessing'.
הַזֹּ֔אתthisart + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הֵבִ֥יאhe might bring inHiphil perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'he might bring in'.
שִׁפְחָתְךָ֖your maidservantN c · שִׁפְחָה (H8198)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁפְחָה (H8198) 'your maidservant'.
לַֽאדֹנִ֑יto my lordprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָדוֹן (H113)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדוֹן (H113) 'to my lord'.
וְנִתְּנָה֙and he will give itconj וְ + Niphal q 3fs · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'and he will give it'.
לַנְּעָרִ֔יםthe boyprep + art + N com m pl abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
הַמִּֽתְהַלְּכִ֖יםgoingart + Hithpael ptc mp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'going'.
בְּרַגְלֵ֥יon my feetprep + N com f du constr · רֶגֶל (H7272)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'on my feet'.
אֲדֹנִֽיmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
28

שָׂ֥א נָ֖א לְפֶ֣שַׁע אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י עָשֹֽׂה יַעֲשֶׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה לַֽאדֹנִ֜י בַּ֣יִת נֶאֱמָ֗ן כִּי מִלְחֲמ֤וֹת יְהוָה֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י נִלְחָ֔ם וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא תִמָּצֵ֥א בְךָ֖ מִיָּמֶֽיךָ

I pray you, forgive the trespass of your handmaid: for YHWH will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of YHWH, and evil has not been found in you your days.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'forgive'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
שָׂ֥אforgiveQal impv 2ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָשָׂא (H5375) 'forgive'.
נָ֖אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
לְפֶ֣שַׁעthe transgressionprep + N com m sg constr · פֶשַע (H6588)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶשַע (H6588) 'the transgression'.
אֲמָתֶ֑ךָyour maidservantN c · אָמָה (H519)Construct chain (genitival)אָמָה (H519) 'your maidservant'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עָשֹֽׂהhe didQal inf abs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
יַעֲשֶׂה֩he shall doQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
יְהוָ֨הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לַֽאדֹנִ֜יto my lordprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָדוֹן (H113)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדוֹן (H113) 'to my lord'.
בַּ֣יִתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
נֶאֱמָ֗ןfaithfulN · אָמַן (H539)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִלְחֲמ֤וֹתthe wars ofN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'the wars of'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֲדֹנִ֣יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
נִלְחָ֔םfoughtN · לָחַם (H3898)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָחַם (H3898) 'fought'.
וְרָעָ֛הthe evilconj וְ + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תִמָּצֵ֥אshe findsN · מָצָא (H4672)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָצָא (H4672) 'she finds'.
בְךָ֖among youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
מִיָּמֶֽיךָdaysprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
29

וַיָּ֤קָם אָדָם֙ לִרְדָפְךָ֔ וּלְבַקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וְֽהָיְתָה֩ נֶ֨פֶשׁ אֲדֹנִ֜י צְרוּרָ֣ה בִּצְר֣וֹר הַחַיִּ֗ים אֵ֚ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְאֵ֨ת נֶ֤פֶשׁ אֹיְבֶ֨יךָ֙ יְקַלְּעֶ֔נָּה בְּת֖וֹךְ כַּ֥ף הַקָּֽלַע

Yet a man is risen to pursue you, and to seek your soul: but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with YHWH your God; and the souls of your enemies, them shall he sling out, of the middle of a sling.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיָּ֤קָםand he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
אָדָם֙manN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
לִרְדָפְךָ֔and they pursuedprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 2ms · רָדַף (H7291)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָדַף (H7291) 'and they pursued'.
וּלְבַקֵּ֖שׁseekingconj וְ + prep + Piel inf constr · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָyour soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
וְֽהָיְתָה֩and it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
נֶ֨פֶשׁa personN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'a person'.
אֲדֹנִ֜יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
צְרוּרָ֣הand it will besiegeQal ptc fs · צָרַר (H6887)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַר (H6887) 'and it will besiege'.
בִּצְר֣וֹרbundle ofprep + N com m sg constr · צְרוֹר (H6872)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְרוֹר (H6872) 'bundle of'.
הַחַיִּ֗יםlifeart + Adj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'life'.
אֵ֚תwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
וְאֵ֨תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
נֶ֤פֶשׁa personN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'a person'.
אֹיְבֶ֨יךָ֙your enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 2ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
יְקַלְּעֶ֔נָּהslingPiel impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · קָלַע (H7049)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָלַע (H7049) 'sling'.
בְּת֖וֹךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
כַּ֥ףa pan ofN c · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
הַקָּֽלַעhangingsart + N com m sg abs · קֶלַע (H7050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶלַע (H7050) 'hangings'.
30

וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּ֥ר אֶת הַטּוֹבָ֖ה עָלֶ֑יךָ וְצִוְּךָ֥ לְנָגִ֖יד עַל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And it shall come to pass, when YHWH shall have done to my lord according to all the good that he has spoken concerning you, and shall have appointed you ruler over Israel;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְהָיָ֗הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יַעֲשֶׂ֤הhe shall doQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לַֽאדֹנִ֔יto my lordprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָדוֹן (H113)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדוֹן (H113) 'to my lord'.
כְּכֹ֛לaccording to allprep + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'according to all'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
דִּבֶּ֥רspeakPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַטּוֹבָ֖הthe goodart + Adj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'the good'.
עָלֶ֑יךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
וְצִוְּךָ֥and commands youconj וְ + Piel q 3ms + sfx 2ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Particle or relational elementצִוָּה (H6680) 'and commands you'.
לְנָגִ֖ידtoprep + N com m sg abs · נָגִיד (H5057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָגִיד (H5057) 'to'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
31

וְלֹ֣א תִהְיֶ֣ה זֹ֣את לְךָ֡ לְפוּקָה֩ וּלְמִכְשׁ֨וֹל לֵ֜ב לַאדֹנִ֗י וְלִשְׁפָּךְ דָּם֙ חִנָּ֔ם וּלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֲדֹנִ֖י ל֑וֹ וְהֵיטִ֤ב יְהוָה֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י וְזָכַרְתָּ֖ אֶת אֲמָתֶֽךָ

That this shall be no grief to you, nor offence of heart to my lord, either that you have shed blood causeless, or that my lord has avenged himself: but when YHWH shall have dealt well with my lord, then remember your handmaid.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תִהְיֶ֣הshall beQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
זֹ֣אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
לְךָ֡to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
לְפוּקָה֩toprep + N com f sg abs · פּוּקָה (H6330)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פּוּקָה (H6330) 'to'.
וּלְמִכְשׁ֨וֹלa stumbling blockconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · מִכְשׁוֹל (H4383)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִכְשׁוֹל (H4383) 'a stumbling block'.
לֵ֜בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
לַאדֹנִ֗יto my lordprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָדוֹן (H113)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדוֹן (H113) 'to my lord'.
וְלִשְׁפָּךְhe shall pour outconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · שָׁפַךְ (H8210)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁפַךְ (H8210) 'he shall pour out'.
דָּם֙bloodN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'.
חִנָּ֔םfor nothingart · חִנָּם (H2600)Particle or relational elementחִנָּם (H2600) 'for nothing'.
וּלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַone to saveconj וְ + prep + Hiphil inf constr · יָשַׁע (H3467)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
אֲדֹנִ֖יmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וְהֵיטִ֤בit may go wellconj וְ + Hiphil q 3ms · יָטַב (H3190)Particle or relational elementיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לַֽאדֹנִ֔יto my lordprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אָדוֹן (H113)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדוֹן (H113) 'to my lord'.
וְזָכַרְתָּ֖and you shall rememberconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · זָכַר (H2142)Particle or relational elementזָכַר (H2142) 'and you shall remember'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲמָתֶֽךָyour maidservantN c · אָמָה (H519)Construct chain (genitival)אָמָה (H519) 'your maidservant'.
32

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר דָּוִ֖ד לַאֲבִיגַ֑ל בָּר֤וּךְ יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר שְׁלָחֵ֛ךְ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לִקְרָאתִֽי

And David said to Abigail, Blessed YHWH God of Israel, which sent you this day to meet me:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לַאֲבִיגַ֑לtoprep + N proper · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'to'.
בָּר֤וּךְblessedQal ptc ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'blessed'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
שְׁלָחֵ֛ךְyou send itQal perf 3ms + sfx 2fs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'you send it'.
הַיּ֥וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַזֶּ֖הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
לִקְרָאתִֽיhappens to beprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cs · קָרָא (H7122)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7122) 'happens to be'.
33

וּבָר֥וּךְ טַעְמֵ֖ךְ וּבְרוּכָ֣ה אָ֑תְּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר כְּלִתִ֜נִי הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ מִבּ֣וֹא בְדָמִ֔ים וְהֹשֵׁ֥עַ יָדִ֖י לִֽי

And blessed your advice, and blessed you, which have kept me this day from coming to blood, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and blessed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וּבָר֥וּךְand blessedconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'and blessed'.
טַעְמֵ֖ךְand its tasteN c · טַעַם (H2940)Construct chain (genitival)טַעַם (H2940) 'and its taste'.
וּבְרוּכָ֣הblessedconj וְ + Qal ptc fs · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'blessed'.
אָ֑תְּyou arepron 2fs · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you are'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
כְּלִתִ֜נִיand ... was restrainedQal perf 2fs + sfx 1cs · כָּלָא (H3607)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּלָא (H3607) 'and ... was restrained'.
הַיּ֤וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
הַזֶּה֙thisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
מִבּ֣וֹאfrom going toprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'from going to'.
בְדָמִ֔יםthe bloodprep + N com m pl abs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'the blood'.
וְהֹשֵׁ֥עַone to saveconj וְ + Hiphil inf abs · יָשַׁע (H3467)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
יָדִ֖יmy handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
34

וְאוּלָ֗ם חַי יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְנָעַ֔נִי מֵהָרַ֖ע אֹתָ֑ךְ כִּ֣י לוּלֵ֣י מִהַ֗רְתְּ ותבאתי וַתָּבֹאת֙ לִקְרָאתִ֔י כִּ֣י אִם נוֹתַ֧ר לְנָבָ֛ל עַד א֥וֹר הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר

For in very deed, YHWH God of Israel liveth, which has kept me back from hurting you, except you had hasted and come to meet me, surely there had not been left to Nabal by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has withheld'.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וְאוּלָ֗םbutconj וְ + art · אוּלָם (H199)Particle or relational elementאוּלָם (H199) 'but'.
חַיaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
מְנָעַ֔נִיhas withheldQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cs · מָנַע (H4513)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָנַע (H4513) 'has withheld'.
מֵהָרַ֖עwill begrudgeprep + Hiphil inf constr · רָעַע (H7489)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָעַע (H7489) 'will begrudge'.
אֹתָ֑ךְyou [obj]obj marker + sfx 2fs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you [obj]'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לוּלֵ֣יwere it not thatconj וְ · לוּלֵי (H3884)Particle or relational elementלוּלֵי (H3884) 'were it not that'.
מִהַ֗רְתְּyou hurriedPiel perf 2fs · מָהַר (H4116)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָהַר (H4116) 'you hurried'.
ותבאתיand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
וַתָּבֹאת֙and they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
לִקְרָאתִ֔יhappens to beprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cs · קָרָא (H7122)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7122) 'happens to be'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
נוֹתַ֧רwas leftN · יָתַר (H3498)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָתַר (H3498) 'was left'.
לְנָבָ֛לtoprep + N proper · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'to'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
א֥וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
הַבֹּ֖קֶרthe morningart + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'the morning'.
מַשְׁתִּ֥יןpissHiphil ptc ms · שָׁתַן (H8366)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁתַן (H8366) 'piss'.
בְּקִֽירin the wall ofprep + N com m sg abs · קִיר (H7023)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיר (H7023) 'in the wall of'.
35

וַיִּקַּ֤ח דָּוִד֙ מִיָּדָ֔הּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר הֵבִ֖יאָה ל֑וֹ וְלָ֣הּ אָמַ֗ר עֲלִ֤י לְשָׁלוֹם֙ לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְ רְאִי֙ שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי בְקוֹלֵ֔ךְ וָאֶשָּׂ֖א פָּנָֽיִךְ

So David received of her hand which she had brought him, and said to her, Go up in peace to your house; see, I have hearkened to your voice, and have accepted your person.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he took'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיִּקַּ֤חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
מִיָּדָ֔הּhis handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3fs · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
אֵ֥ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הֵבִ֖יאָהbringHiphil perf 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'bring'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וְלָ֣הּbut to herconj וְ + prep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'but to her'.
אָמַ֗רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
עֲלִ֤יspring upQal impv 2fs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָלָה (H5927) 'spring up'.
לְשָׁלוֹם֙in peaceprep + N com m sg abs · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'in peace'.
לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְto your houseprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'to your house'.
רְאִי֙the one seeing meQal impv 2fs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'the one seeing me'.
שָׁמַ֣עְתִּיI have heardQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'I have heard'.
בְקוֹלֵ֔ךְto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2fs · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
וָאֶשָּׂ֖אand I carriedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and I carried'.
פָּנָֽיִךְyour faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'your face'.
36

וַתָּבֹ֣א אֲבִיגַ֣יִל אֶל נָבָ֡ל וְהִנֵּה לוֹ֩ מִשְׁתֶּ֨ה בְּבֵית֜וֹ כְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְלֵ֤ב נָבָל֙ ט֣וֹב עָלָ֔יו וְה֥וּא שִׁכֹּ֖ר עַד מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹֽא הִגִּ֣ידָה לּ֗וֹ דָּבָ֥ר קָטֹ֛ן וְגָד֖וֹל עַד א֥וֹר הַבֹּֽקֶר

And Abigail came to Nabal; and, behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart merry within him, for he very drunken: wherefore she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
וַתָּבֹ֣אand she cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and she came'.
אֲבִיגַ֣יִלAbigalN · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'Abigal'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
נָבָ֡לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
וְהִנֵּהand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
לוֹ֩to himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
מִשְׁתֶּ֨הa feastN c · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'a feast'.
בְּבֵית֜וֹover his houseprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'over his house'.
כְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣הa feastprep + N com m sg constr · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'a feast'.
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וְלֵ֤בhis heartconj וְ + N com m sg constr · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
נָבָל֙NabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
ט֣וֹבgoodQal perf 3ms · טוֹב (H2896)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actטוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
עָלָ֔יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
וְה֥וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
שִׁכֹּ֖רtoAdj · שִׁכּוֹר (H7910)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁכּוֹר (H7910) 'to'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
מְאֹ֑דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
הִגִּ֣ידָהtellHiphil perf 3fs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) 'tell'.
לּ֗וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
דָּבָ֥רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
קָטֹ֛ןyoungAdj · קָטֹן (H6996)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָטֹן (H6996) 'young'.
וְגָד֖וֹלgreatconj וְ + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
א֥וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
הַבֹּֽקֶרthe morningart + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'the morning'.
37

וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֗קֶר בְּצֵ֤את הַיַּ֨יִן֙ מִנָּבָ֔ל וַתַּגֶּד ל֣וֹ אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ אֶת הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּ֤מָת לִבּוֹ֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וְה֖וּא הָיָ֥ה לְאָֽבֶן

But it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, and his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him, and he became a stone.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְהִ֣יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
בַבֹּ֗קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
בְּצֵ֤אתat the going out ofprep + Qal inf constr · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָצָא (H3318) 'at the going out of'.
הַיַּ֨יִן֙the wineart + N com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'the wine'.
מִנָּבָ֔לfromprep + N proper · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'from'.
וַתַּגֶּדand she toldconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַד (H5046) 'and she told'.
ל֣וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
אִשְׁתּ֔וֹhis wifeN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'his wife'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַדְּבָרִ֖יםthe wordsart + N com m pl abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words'.
הָאֵ֑לֶּהtheseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
וַיָּ֤מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
לִבּוֹ֙his heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹin its midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in its midst'.
וְה֖וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
הָיָ֥הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
לְאָֽבֶןas stoneprep + N com f sg abs · אֶבֶן (H68)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבֶן (H68) 'as stone'.
38

וַיְהִ֖י כַּעֲשֶׂ֣רֶת הַיָּמִ֑ים וַיִּגֹּ֧ף יְהוָ֛ה אֶת נָבָ֖ל וַיָּמֹֽת

And it came to pass about ten days , that YHWH smote Nabal, that he died.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיְהִ֖יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
כַּעֲשֶׂ֣רֶתabout ten (of)prep + Adj c · עֲשָׂרָה (H6235)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲשָׂרָה (H6235) 'about ten (of)'.
הַיָּמִ֑יםthe daysart + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days'.
וַיִּגֹּ֧ףyou be struck downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַף (H5062)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַף (H5062) 'you be struck down'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נָבָ֖לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
39

וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת עַבְדּוֹ֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵֽרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה

And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed YHWH, that has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and has kept his servant from evil: for YHWH has returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to him to wife.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he heard'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
וַיִּשְׁמַ֣עand he heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
דָּוִד֮DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מֵ֣תdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
נָבָל֒NabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
וַיֹּ֡אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
בָּר֣וּךְblessedQal ptc ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'blessed'.
יְהוָ֡הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
רָב֩and quarreledQal perf 3ms · רִיב (H7378)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרִיב (H7378) 'and quarreled'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
רִ֨יבdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
חֶרְפָּתִ֜יmy reproachN c · חֶרְפָּה (H2781)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרְפָּה (H2781) 'my reproach'.
מִיַּ֣דfrom the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'from the hand of'.
נָבָ֗לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
עַבְדּוֹ֙his servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servant'.
חָשַׂ֣ךְwithheldQal perf 3ms · חָשַׂךְ (H2820)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָשַׂךְ (H2820) 'withheld'.
מֵֽרָעָ֔הthe evilprep + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
רָעַ֣תwickedness ofN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'wickedness of'.
נָבָ֔לNabalN · נָבָל (H5037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5037) 'Nabal'.
הֵשִׁ֥יבhe brought backHiphil perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'he brought back'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹon his own headprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'on his own head'.
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיְדַבֵּ֣רand he spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he spoke'.
בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִלinprep + N proper · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'in'.
לְקַחְתָּ֥הּto take herprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָקַח (H3947) 'to take her'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
לְאִשָּֽׁהas a wifeprep + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'as a wife'.
40

וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד אֶל אֲבִיגַ֖יִל הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ אֵלֶ֨יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּוִד֙ שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ אֵלַ֔יִךְ לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה

And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel, they spake to her, saying, David sent us to you, to take you to him to wife.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they came'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיָּבֹ֜אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
עַבְדֵ֥יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
דָוִ֛דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֲבִיגַ֖יִלAbigalN · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'Abigal'.
הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָהin Carmelart + N proper + Sd · כַּרְמֶל (H3760)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּרְמֶל (H3760) 'in Carmel'.
וַיְדַבְּר֤וּand they spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and they spoke'.
אֵלֶ֨יהָ֙to herprep + sfx 3fs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to her'.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
שְׁלָחָ֣נוּwe have sent awayQal perf 3ms + sfx 1cp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'we have sent away'.
אֵלַ֔יִךְto youprep + sfx 2fs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְand he tookprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 2fs · לָקַח (H3947)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
לְאִשָּֽׁהas a wifeprep + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'as a wife'.
41

וַתָּ֕קָם וַתִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָ֑רְצָה וַתֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֤ה אֲמָֽתְךָ֙ לְשִׁפְחָ֔ה לִרְחֹ֕ץ רַגְלֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי

And she arose, and bowed herself on face to the earth, and said, Behold, your handmaid a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she arose'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַתָּ֕קָםand she aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and she arose'.
וַתִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּand they bowed downconj וְ + Hishtaphel wayyiqtol 3fs · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחָה (H7812) 'and they bowed down'.
אַפַּ֖יִםof anger/nostrilsN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'of anger/nostrils'.
אָ֑רְצָהto the groundN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'to the ground'.
וַתֹּ֗אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and she said'.
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
אֲמָֽתְךָ֙your maidservantN c · אָמָה (H519)Construct chain (genitival)אָמָה (H519) 'your maidservant'.
לְשִׁפְחָ֔הas servantprep + N com f sg abs · שִׁפְחָה (H8198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁפְחָה (H8198) 'as servant'.
לִרְחֹ֕ץto batheprep + Qal inf constr · רָחַץ (H7364)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָחַץ (H7364) 'to bathe'.
רַגְלֵ֖יthe feet ofN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'the feet of'.
עַבְדֵ֥יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
אֲדֹנִֽיmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
42

וַתְּמַהֵ֞ר וַתָּ֣קָם אֲבִיגַ֗יִל וַתִּרְכַּב֙ עַֽל הַחֲמ֔וֹר וְחָמֵשׁ֙ נַעֲרֹתֶ֔יהָ הַהֹלְכ֖וֹת לְרַגְלָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַתְּהִי ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה

And Abigail hasted, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that went after her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she hurried'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַתְּמַהֵ֞רand she hurriedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3fs · מָהַר (H4116)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָהַר (H4116) 'and she hurried'.
וַתָּ֣קָםand she aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and she arose'.
אֲבִיגַ֗יִלAbigalN · אֲבִיגַיִל (H26)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִיגַיִל (H26) 'Abigal'.
וַתִּרְכַּב֙and its riderconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · רָכַב (H7392)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָכַב (H7392) 'and its rider'.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַחֲמ֔וֹרthe donkeyart + N com c sg abs · חֲמוֹר (H2543)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמוֹר (H2543) 'the donkey'.
וְחָמֵשׁ֙and fiveconj וְ + Adj c · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'and five'.
נַעֲרֹתֶ֔יהָthe girlN c · הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291)Construct chain (genitival)הַנַּעֲרָה (H5291) 'the girl'.
הַהֹלְכ֖וֹתgoingart + Qal ptc fp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'going'.
לְרַגְלָ֑הּhis footprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3fs · רֶגֶל (H7272)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'his foot'.
וַתֵּ֗לֶךְand she wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and she went'.
אַֽחֲרֵי֙afterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
מַלְאֲכֵ֣יmessengers ofN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers of'.
דָוִ֔דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַתְּהִיand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
לְאִשָּֽׁהas a wifeprep + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'as a wife'.
43

וְאֶת אֲחִינֹ֛עַם לָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד מִֽיִּזְרְעֶ֑אל וַתִּהְיֶ֛יןָ גַּֽם שְׁתֵּיהֶ֥ן ל֖וֹ לְנָשִֽׁים

David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel; and they were also both of them his wives.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אֲחִינֹ֛עַםAhinoamN · אֲחִינֹעַם (H293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחִינֹעַם (H293) 'Ahinoam'.
לָקַ֥חhe tookQal perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'he took'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
מִֽיִּזְרְעֶ֑אלJezreelprep + N proper · יִזְרְעֶאל (H3157)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִזְרְעֶאל (H3157) 'Jezreel'.
וַתִּהְיֶ֛יןָand they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and they were'.
גַּֽםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
שְׁתֵּיהֶ֥ןtwoAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
לְנָשִֽׁיםas wivesprep + N com f pl abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'as wives'.
44

וְשָׁא֗וּל נָתַ֛ן אֶת מִיכַ֥ל בִּתּ֖וֹ אֵ֣שֶׁת דָּוִ֑ד לְפַלְטִ֥י בֶן לַ֖יִשׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִגַּלִּֽים

But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, which of Gallim.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'is giving'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְשָׁא֗וּלand Saulconj וְ + N proper · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'and Saul'.
נָתַ֛ןis givingQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מִיכַ֥לMichalN · מִיכָל (H4324)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִיכָל (H4324) 'Michal'.
בִּתּ֖וֹhis daughterN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'his daughter'.
אֵ֣שֶׁתwife ofN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'wife of'.
דָּוִ֑דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לְפַלְטִ֥יPaltiprep + N proper · פַּלְטִי (H6406)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּלְטִי (H6406) 'Palti'.
בֶןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
לַ֖יִשׁLaishN · לַיִשׁ (H3919)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיִשׁ (H3919) 'Laish'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
מִגַּלִּֽיםfromprep + N proper · גַּלִּים (H1554)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּלִּים (H1554) 'from'.