Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The First Book of Chronicles, Chapter 14דברי הימים א 14

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

1 Chronicles 14 (17 verses in the MT) opens: Now Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and timber of cedars, with masons and carpenters, to build him an house. The middle of the chapter continues: And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. It closes: And the fame of David went out into all lands; and YHWH brought the fear of him upon all nations.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 1 Chronicles 14 comprises 17 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Now Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and timber of cedars, w. Now Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and timber of cedars, with masons and carpenters, to build him an house. And David perceived that YHWH had confirmed him king over Israel, for his kingdom was lifted up on high, because of his people Israel. And David took more wives at Jerusalem: and David begat more sons and daughters. Now these the names. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And Ibhar, and Elishua, and Elpalet. And Ibhar, and Elishua, and Elpalet, And Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia, And Elishama, and Beeliada, and Eliphalet. And when the Philistines heard that David was anointed king over all Israel, all the Philistines went up to seek David. And David heard , and went out against them. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. And David enquired of God, saying, Shall I go up against the Philistines? and will you deliver them into mine hand? And YHWH said to him, Go up; for I will deliver them into your hand. So they came up to Baalperazim; and David smote them there. Then David said, God has broken in upon. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — And the Philistines yet again spread themselves abroad in the valley. And the Philistines yet again spread themselves abroad in the valley. Therefore David enquired again of God; and God said to him, Go not up after them; turn away from them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees. And it shall be, when you shall hear a sound of going in the tops of the mulberry trees, then you shall go out to battle: for God is. Movement V (vv. 17) — And the fame of David went out into all lands; and YHWH brought the fear. And the fame of David went out into all lands; and YHWH brought the fear of him upon all nations. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַ֠יִּשְׁלַח חירם חוּרָ֨ם מֶֽלֶךְ צֹ֥ר מַלְאָכִים֮ אֶל דָּוִיד֒ וַעֲצֵ֣י אֲרָזִ֔ים וְחָרָשֵׁ֣י קִ֔יר וְחָרָשֵׁ֖י עֵצִ֑ים לִבְנ֥וֹת ל֖וֹ בָּֽיִת

Now Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and timber of cedars, with masons and carpenters, to build him an house.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַ֠יִּשְׁלַחand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
חירםHiramN · חִירָם (H2438)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִירָם (H2438) 'Hiram'.
חוּרָ֨םHiramN · חִירָם (H2438)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִירָם (H2438) 'Hiram'.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
צֹ֥רTyreN · צֹר (H6865)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֹר (H6865) 'Tyre'.
מַלְאָכִים֮messengersN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
דָּוִיד֒DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַעֲצֵ֣יand wood ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'and wood of'.
אֲרָזִ֔יםcedarN c · אֶרֶז (H730)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶז (H730) 'cedar'.
וְחָרָשֵׁ֣יa craftsmanconj וְ + N com m pl constr · חָרָשׁ (H2796)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָרָשׁ (H2796) 'a craftsman'.
קִ֔ירthe wall ofN c · קִיר (H7023)Construct chain (genitival)קִיר (H7023) 'the wall of'.
וְחָרָשֵׁ֖יa craftsmanconj וְ + N com m pl constr · חָרָשׁ (H2796)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָרָשׁ (H2796) 'a craftsman'.
עֵצִ֑יםwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
לִבְנ֥וֹתto buildprep + Qal inf constr · בָּנָה (H1129)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּנָה (H1129) 'to build'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
בָּֽיִתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
2

וַיֵּ֣דַע דָּוִ֔יד כִּֽי הֱכִינ֧וֹ יְהוָ֛ה לְמֶ֖לֶךְ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי נִשֵּׂ֤את לְמַ֨עְלָה֙ מַלְכוּת֔וֹ בַּעֲב֖וּר עַמּ֥וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

And David perceived that YHWH had confirmed him king over Israel, for his kingdom was lifted up on high, because of his people Israel.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and knew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֵּ֣דַעand knewconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָדַע (H3045) 'and knew'.
דָּוִ֔ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הֱכִינ֧וֹprepareHiphil perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכּוּן (H3559) 'prepare'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לְמֶ֖לֶךְto the king ofprep + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִשֵּׂ֤אתcarryingN · נָשָׂא (H5375)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָשָׂא (H5375) 'carrying'.
לְמַ֨עְלָה֙upwardprep + art + Sd · מַעְלָה (H4605)Particle or relational elementמַעְלָה (H4605) 'upward'.
מַלְכוּת֔וֹhis kingdomN c · מַלְכוּת (H4438)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְכוּת (H4438) 'his kingdom'.
בַּעֲב֖וּרfor the sake ofprep + N com m sg constr · עָבוּר (H5668)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָבוּר (H5668) 'for the sake of'.
עַמּ֥וֹhis peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'his people'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
3

וַיִּקַּ֨ח דָּוִ֥יד ע֛וֹד נָשִׁ֖ים בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיּ֧וֹלֶד דָּוִ֛יד ע֖וֹד בָּנִ֥ים וּבָנֽוֹת

And David took more wives at Jerusalem: and David begat more sons and daughters.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּקַּ֨חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
דָּוִ֥ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
ע֛וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
נָשִׁ֖יםwivesN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'wives'.
בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑םin Jerusalemprep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'in Jerusalem'.
וַיּ֧וֹלֶדand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
דָּוִ֛ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
ע֖וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
בָּנִ֥יםsonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'sons'.
וּבָנֽוֹתand daughtersconj וְ + N com f pl abs · בַּת (H1323)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּת (H1323) 'and daughters'.
4

וְאֵ֨לֶּה֙ שְׁמ֣וֹת הַיְלוּדִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיוּ ל֖וֹ בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם שַׁמּ֣וּעַ וְשׁוֹבָ֔ב נָתָ֖ן וּשְׁלֹמֹֽה

Now these the names of children which he had in Jerusalem; Shammua, and Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon,

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he fathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְאֵ֨לֶּה֙and theseconj וְ + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'and these'.
שְׁמ֣וֹתthe names ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the names of'.
הַיְלוּדִ֔יםand he fatheredart + Qal ptc mp · יָלַד (H3205)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הָיוּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
בִּירוּשָׁלִָ֑םin Jerusalemprep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'in Jerusalem'.
שַׁמּ֣וּעַShammuaN · שַׁמּוּעַ (H8051)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁמּוּעַ (H8051) 'Shammua'.
וְשׁוֹבָ֔בandconj וְ + N proper · שׁוֹבָב (H7727)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוֹבָב (H7727) 'and'.
נָתָ֖ןNathanN · נָתָן (H5416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתָן (H5416) 'Nathan'.
וּשְׁלֹמֹֽהandconj וְ + N proper · שְׁלֹמֹה (H8010)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹמֹה (H8010) 'and'.
5

וְיִבְחָ֥ר וֶאֱלִישׁ֖וּעַ וְאֶלְפָּֽלֶט

And Ibhar, and Elishua, and Elpalet,

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
וְיִבְחָ֥רandconj וְ + N proper · יִבְחַר (H2984)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִבְחַר (H2984) 'and'.
וֶאֱלִישׁ֖וּעַandconj וְ + N proper · אֱלִישׁוּעַ (H474)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלִישׁוּעַ (H474) 'and'.
וְאֶלְפָּֽלֶטEliphaletconj וְ + N proper · אֱלִיפֶלֶט (H467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלִיפֶלֶט (H467) 'Eliphalet'.
6

וְנֹ֥גַהּ וְנֶ֖פֶג וְיָפִֽיעַ

And Nogah, and Nepheg, and Japhia,

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
וְנֹ֥גַהּandconj וְ + N proper · נֹגַהּ (H5052)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֹגַהּ (H5052) 'and'.
וְנֶ֖פֶגand Nephegconj וְ + N proper · נֶפֶג (H5298)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶג (H5298) 'and Nepheg'.
וְיָפִֽיעַJaphiaconj וְ + N proper · יָפִיעַ (H3309)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָפִיעַ (H3309) 'Japhia'.
7

וֶאֱלִישָׁמָ֥ע וּבְעֶלְיָדָ֖ע וֶאֱלִיפָֽלֶט

And Elishama, and Beeliada, and Eliphalet.

Linked non-verbal clause
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
וֶאֱלִישָׁמָ֥עElishamaconj וְ + N proper · אֱלִישָׁמָע (H476)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלִישָׁמָע (H476) 'Elishama'.
וּבְעֶלְיָדָ֖עandconj וְ + N proper · בְּעֶלְיָדָע (H1182)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּעֶלְיָדָע (H1182) 'and'.
וֶאֱלִיפָֽלֶטandconj וְ + N proper · אֱלִיפֶלֶט (H467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלִיפֶלֶט (H467) 'and'.
8

וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים כִּי נִמְשַׁ֨ח דָּוִ֤יד לְמֶ֨לֶךְ֙ עַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּעֲל֥וּ כָל פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים לְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת דָּוִ֑יד וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִ֔יד וַיֵּצֵ֖א לִפְנֵיהֶֽם

And when the Philistines heard that David was anointed king over all Israel, all the Philistines went up to seek David. And David heard , and went out against them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּand they heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and they heard'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֗יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִמְשַׁ֨חand you shall anointN · מָשַׁח (H4886)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָשַׁח (H4886) 'and you shall anoint'.
דָּוִ֤ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לְמֶ֨לֶךְ֙to the king ofprep + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וַיַּעֲל֥וּand they went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) 'and they went up'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
לְבַקֵּ֣שׁseekingprep + Piel inf constr · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דָּוִ֑ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיִּשְׁמַ֣עand he heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
דָּוִ֔ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיֵּצֵ֖אand he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
לִפְנֵיהֶֽםbefore themprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before them'.
9

וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים בָּ֑אוּ וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּ בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים

And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe Philistinesconj וְ + N gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
בָּ֑אוּcameQal perf 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּand raidedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּשַׁט (H6584) 'and raided'.
בְּעֵ֥מֶקin the valley ofprep + N com m sg constr · עֵמֶק (H6010)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵמֶק (H6010) 'in the valley of'.
רְפָאִֽיםRephaimN · רְפָאִים (H7497)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְפָאִים (H7497) 'Rephaim'.
10

וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל דָּוִ֤יד בֵּאלֹהִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאֶֽעֱלֶה֙ עַל פלשתיים פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וּנְתַתָּ֖ם בְּיָדִ֑י וַיֹּ֨אמֶר ל֤וֹ יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵ֔ה וּנְתַתִּ֖ים בְּיָדֶֽךָ

And David enquired of God, saying, Shall I go up against the Philistines? and will you deliver them into mine hand? And YHWH said to him, Go up; for I will deliver them into your hand.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he asked'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיִּשְׁאַ֨לand he askedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁאַל (H7592) 'and he asked'.
דָּוִ֤ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
בֵּאלֹהִים֙by Godprep + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'by God'.
לֵאמֹ֔רsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
הַאֶֽעֱלֶה֙and he went upinterrog. + Qal impf 1cs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'and he went up'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
פלשתייםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וּנְתַתָּ֖םthen you shall giveconj וְ + Qal q 2ms + sfx 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'then you shall give'.
בְּיָדִ֑יin my handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'in my hand'.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
ל֤וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עֲלֵ֔הgo upQal impv 2ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָלָה (H5927) 'go up'.
וּנְתַתִּ֖יםis givingconj וְ + Qal q 1cs + sfx 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
בְּיָדֶֽךָinto your handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'into your hand'.
11

וַיַּעֲל֥וּ בְּבַֽעַל פְּרָצִים֮ וַיַּכֵּ֣ם שָׁ֣ם דָּוִיד֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔יד פָּרַ֨ץ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֧ים אֶת אוֹיְבַ֛י בְּיָדִ֖י כְּפֶ֣רֶץ מָ֑יִם עַל כֵּ֗ן קָֽרְא֛וּ שֵֽׁם הַמָּק֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בַּ֥עַל פְּרָצִֽים

So they came up to Baalperazim; and David smote them there. Then David said, God has broken in upon mine enemies by mine hand like the breaking forth of waters: therefore they called the name of that place Baalperazim.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they went up'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיַּעֲל֥וּand they went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) 'and they went up'.
בְּבַֽעַלinprep + N proper · בַּעַל פְּרָצִים (H1188)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּעַל פְּרָצִים (H1188) 'in'.
פְּרָצִים֮Baal-perazimN · בַּעַל פְּרָצִים (H1188)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּעַל פְּרָצִים (H1188) 'Baal-perazim'.
וַיַּכֵּ֣םand he struck themconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck them'.
שָׁ֣םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
דָּוִיד֒DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִ֔ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
פָּרַ֨ץhas burst forthQal perf 3ms · פָּרַץ (H6555)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּרַץ (H6555) 'has burst forth'.
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֧יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אוֹיְבַ֛יyour enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
בְּיָדִ֖יin my handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'in my hand'.
כְּפֶ֣רֶץa breachprep + N com m sg constr · פֶּרֶץ (H6556)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּרֶץ (H6556) 'a breach'.
מָ֑יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֗ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
קָֽרְא֛וּand he calledQal perf 3cp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
שֵֽׁםthe name ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name of'.
הַמָּק֥וֹםthe placeart + N com m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'the place'.
הַה֖וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
בַּ֥עַלBaal-perazimN · בַּעַל פְּרָצִים (H1188)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּעַל פְּרָצִים (H1188) 'Baal-perazim'.
פְּרָצִֽיםBaal-perazimN · בַּעַל פְּרָצִים (H1188)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּעַל פְּרָצִים (H1188) 'Baal-perazim'.
12

וַיַּעַזְבוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔יד וַיִּשָּׂרְפ֖וּ בָּאֵֽשׁ

And when they had left their gods there, David gave a commandment, and they were burned with fire.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they forsook'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיַּעַזְבוּand they forsookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָזַב (H5800) 'and they forsook'.
שָׁ֖םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑םtheir godsN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'their gods'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִ֔ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיִּשָּׂרְפ֖וּand burnedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׂרַף (H8313)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׂרַף (H8313) 'and burned'.
בָּאֵֽשׁwith fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'with fire'.
13

וַיֹּסִ֤יפוּ עוֹד֙ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּ בָּעֵֽמֶק

And the Philistines yet again spread themselves abroad in the valley.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'he shall add'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיֹּסִ֤יפוּhe shall addconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
עוֹד֙againart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּand raidedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּשַׁט (H6584) 'and raided'.
בָּעֵֽמֶקin the valley ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֵמֶק (H6010)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵמֶק (H6010) 'in the valley of'.
14

וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל ע֤וֹד דָּוִיד֙ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹ֥א תַֽעֲלֶ֖ה אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם הָסֵב֙ מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וּבָ֥אתָ לָהֶ֖ם מִמּ֥וּל הַבְּכָאִֽים

Therefore David enquired again of God; and God said to him, Go not up after them; turn away from them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he asked'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיִּשְׁאַ֨לand he askedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁאַל (H7592) 'and he asked'.
ע֤וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
דָּוִיד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔יםby Godprep + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'by God'.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
לוֹ֙to himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תַֽעֲלֶ֖הyou offer upQal impf 2ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'you offer up'.
אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֑םafter themprep + sfx 3mp · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after them'.
הָסֵב֙and they marched aroundHiphil impv 2ms · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסָבַב (H5437) 'and they marched around'.
מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֔םfrom themprep + prep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from them'.
וּבָ֥אתָand you shall comeconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Particle or relational elementבּוֹא (H935) 'and you shall come'.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
מִמּ֥וּלin front ofprep + prep · מוֹל (H4136)Particle or relational elementמוֹל (H4136) 'in front of'.
הַבְּכָאִֽיםmulberry treeart + N com m pl abs · בָּכָא (H1057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּכָא (H1057) 'mulberry tree'.
15

וִ֠יהִי כְּֽשָׁמְעֲךָ֞ אֶת ק֤וֹל הַצְּעָדָה֙ בְּרָאשֵׁ֣י הַבְּכָאִ֔ים אָ֖ז תֵּצֵ֣א בַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה כִּֽי יָצָ֤א הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לְפָנֶ֔יךָ לְהַכּ֖וֹת אֶת מַחֲנֵ֥ה פְלִשְׁתִּֽים

And it shall be, when you shall hear a sound of going in the tops of the mulberry trees, then you shall go out to battle: for God is gone forth before you to smite the host of the Philistines.

Jussive — volitional
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Jussive — volitional. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וִ֠יהִיand it happenedconj וְ + Qal jussive 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
כְּֽשָׁמְעֲךָ֞and he heardprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
ק֤וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
הַצְּעָדָה֙goingart + N com f sg abs · צְעָדָה (H6807)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְעָדָה (H6807) 'going'.
בְּרָאשֵׁ֣יthe head ofprep + N com m pl constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
הַבְּכָאִ֔יםmulberry treeart + N com m pl abs · בָּכָא (H1057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּכָא (H1057) 'mulberry tree'.
אָ֖זthenart · אָז (H227)Particle or relational elementאָז (H227) 'then'.
תֵּצֵ֣אyou go outQal impf 2ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'you go out'.
בַמִּלְחָמָ֑הin the battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'in the battle'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָצָ֤אone going out (to)Qal perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙Godart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
לְפָנֶ֔יךָbefore youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before you'.
לְהַכּ֖וֹתto strike downprep + Hiphil inf constr · הִכָּה (H5221)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהִכָּה (H5221) 'to strike down'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מַחֲנֵ֥הthe camp ofN c · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'the camp of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּֽיםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
16

וַיַּ֣עַשׂ דָּוִ֔יד כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים וַיַּכּוּ֙ אֶת מַחֲנֵ֣ה פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים מִגִּבְע֖וֹן וְעַד גָּֽזְרָה

David therefore did as God commanded him: and they smote the host of the Philistines from Gibeon even to Gazer.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he made'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיַּ֣עַשׂand he madeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and he made'.
דָּוִ֔ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
צִוָּ֖הוּhe had commanded himPiel perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצִוָּה (H6680) 'he had commanded him'.
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
וַיַּכּוּ֙and they struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and they struck'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מַחֲנֵ֣הthe camp ofN c · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'the camp of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
מִגִּבְע֖וֹןGibeonprep + N proper · גִּבְעוֹן (H1391)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעוֹן (H1391) 'Gibeon'.
וְעַדand toconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'and to'.
גָּֽזְרָהGezerN · גֶּזֶר (H1507)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּזֶר (H1507) 'Gezer'.
17

וַיֵּצֵ֥א שֵׁם דָּוִ֖יד בְּכָל הָֽאֲרָצ֑וֹת וַֽיהוָ֛ה נָתַ֥ן אֶת פַּחְדּ֖וֹ עַל כָּל הַגּוֹיִֽם

And the fame of David went out into all lands; and YHWH brought the fear of him upon all nations.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיֵּצֵ֥אand he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
שֵׁםthe name ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name of'.
דָּוִ֖ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
הָֽאֲרָצ֑וֹתthe landsart + N com c pl abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the lands'.
וַֽיהוָ֛הand YHWHconj וְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'and YHWH'.
נָתַ֥ןis givingQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
פַּחְדּ֖וֹthe dread of youN c · פַּחַד (H6343)Construct chain (genitival)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַגּוֹיִֽםthe nationsart + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'the nations'.