1
יְהוָ֣ה מָ֭לָךְ תָּגֵ֣ל הָאָ֑רֶץ יִ֝שְׂמְח֗וּ אִיִּ֥ים רַבִּֽים
YHWH reigneth; let the earth rejoice; let the multitude of isles be glad .
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'reigned'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מָ֭לָךְreignedQal perf 3ms · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלַךְ (H4427) 'reigned'.
תָּגֵ֣לbe gladQal impf 3fs · גִּיל (H1523)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגִּיל (H1523) 'be glad'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
יִ֝שְׂמְח֗וּand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3mp · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
אִיִּ֥יםcoastlands ofN c · אִי (H339)Construct chain (genitival)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
רַבִּֽיםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
2
עָנָ֣ן וַעֲרָפֶ֣ל סְבִיבָ֑יו צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט מְכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֽוֹ
Clouds and darkness round about him: righteousness and judgment the habitation of his throne.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עָנָ֣ןcloudN c · עָנָן (H6051)Construct chain (genitival)עָנָן (H6051) 'cloud'.
וַעֲרָפֶ֣לand thick darknessconj וְ + N com m sg abs · עֲרָפֶל (H6205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲרָפֶל (H6205) 'and thick darkness'.
סְבִיבָ֑יוall aroundN c · סָבִיב (H5439)Construct chain (genitival)סָבִיב (H5439) 'all around'.
צֶ֥דֶקjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗טand an ordinance,conj וְ + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'and an ordinance,'.
מְכ֣וֹןthe placeN c · מָכוֹן (H4349)Construct chain (genitival)מָכוֹן (H4349) 'the place'.
כִּסְאֽוֹhis throneN c · כִּסֵּא (H3678)Construct chain (genitival)כִּסֵּא (H3678) 'his throne'.
3
אֵ֭שׁ לְפָנָ֣יו תֵּלֵ֑ךְ וּתְלַהֵ֖ט סָבִ֣יב צָרָֽיו
A fire goeth before him, and burneth up his enemies round about.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֵ֭שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
לְפָנָ֣יוbefore himprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before him'.
תֵּלֵ֑ךְyou shall goQal impf 3fs · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'you shall go'.
וּתְלַהֵ֖טand it sets ablazeconj וְ + Piel impf 3fs · לָהַט (H3857)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָהַט (H3857) 'and it sets ablaze'.
סָבִ֣יבall aroundN c · סָבִיב (H5439)Construct chain (genitival)סָבִיב (H5439) 'all around'.
צָרָֽיוhis adversariesN c · צַר (H6862)Construct chain (genitival)צַר (H6862) 'his adversaries'.
4
הֵאִ֣ירוּ בְרָקָ֣יו תֵּבֵ֑ל רָאֲתָ֖ה וַתָּחֵ֣ל הָאָֽרֶץ
His lightnings enlightened the world: the earth saw, and trembled.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to give light'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הֵאִ֣ירוּto give lightHiphil perf 3cp · אוֹר (H215)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאוֹר (H215) 'to give light'.
בְרָקָ֣יוthe flash ofN c · בָּרָק (H1300)Construct chain (genitival)בָּרָק (H1300) 'the flash of'.
תֵּבֵ֑לhabitable partN c · תֵּבֵל (H8398)Construct chain (genitival)תֵּבֵל (H8398) 'habitable part'.
רָאֲתָ֖הshe sawQal perf 3fs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'she saw'.
וַתָּחֵ֣לand be in anguishconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · חוּל (H2342)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחוּל (H2342) 'and be in anguish'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
5
הָרִ֗ים כַּדּוֹנַ֗ג נָ֭מַסּוּ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה מִ֝לִּפְנֵ֗י אֲד֣וֹן כָּל הָאָֽרֶץ
The hills melted like wax at the presence of YHWH, at the presence of YHWH of the whole earth.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הָרִ֗יםhillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
כַּדּוֹנַ֗גas / likeprep + art + N com m sg abs · דּוֹנַג (H1749)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דּוֹנַג (H1749) 'as / like'.
נָ֭מַסּוּand it meltedN · מָסַס (H4549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָסַס (H4549) 'and it melted'.
מִלִּפְנֵ֣יfrom beforeprep + prep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'from before'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִ֝לִּפְנֵ֗יfrom beforeprep + prep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'from before'.
אֲד֣וֹןmy lordN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
6
הִגִּ֣ידוּ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם צִדְק֑וֹ וְרָא֖וּ כָל הָעַמִּ֣ים כְּבוֹדֽוֹ
The heavens declare his righteousness, and all the people see his glory.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'tell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הִגִּ֣ידוּtellHiphil perf 3cp · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַד (H5046) 'tell'.
הַשָּׁמַ֣יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
צִדְק֑וֹjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
וְרָא֖וּand they will seeconj וְ + Qal perf 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'and they will see'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָעַמִּ֣יםthe peoplesart + N com m pl abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the peoples'.
כְּבוֹדֽוֹthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
7
יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ כָּל עֹ֬בְדֵי פֶ֗סֶל הַמִּֽתְהַלְלִ֥ים בָּאֱלִילִ֑ים הִשְׁתַּחֲווּ ל֝וֹ כָּל אֱלֹהִֽים
Confounded be all they that serve graven images, that boast themselves of idols: worship him, all gods.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'were ashamed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
יֵבֹ֤שׁוּwere ashamedQal impf 3mp · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עֹ֬בְדֵיto serveQal ptc mp · עָבַד (H5647)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָבַד (H5647) 'to serve'.
פֶ֗סֶלa carved imageN c · פֶּסֶל (H6459)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּסֶל (H6459) 'a carved image'.
הַמִּֽתְהַלְלִ֥יםand they praisedart + Hithpael ptc mp · הָלַל (H1984)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
בָּאֱלִילִ֑יםthe idolsprep + art + N com m pl abs · אֱלִיל (H457)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלִיל (H457) 'the idols'.
הִשְׁתַּחֲווּand he bowed downHishtaphel impv 2mp · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁחָה (H7812) 'and he bowed down'.
ל֝וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֱלֹהִֽיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
8
שָׁמְעָ֬ה וַתִּשְׂמַ֨ח צִיּ֗וֹן וַ֭תָּגֵלְנָה בְּנ֣וֹת יְהוּדָ֑ה לְמַ֖עַן מִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָ יְהוָֽה
Zion heard, and was glad; and the daughters of Judah rejoiced because of your judgments, O YHWH.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
שָׁמְעָ֬הhas heardQal perf 3fs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'has heard'.
וַתִּשְׂמַ֨חand you shall rejoiceconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
צִיּ֗וֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
וַ֭תָּגֵלְנָהbe gladconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fp · גִּיל (H1523)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגִּיל (H1523) 'be glad'.
בְּנ֣וֹתdaughtersN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughters'.
יְהוּדָ֑הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
לְמַ֖עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
מִשְׁפָּטֶ֣יךָyour judgmentsN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'your judgments'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
9
כִּֽי אַתָּ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה עֶלְי֥וֹן עַל כָּל הָאָ֑רֶץ מְאֹ֥ד נַ֝עֲלֵ֗יתָ עַל כָּל אֱלֹהִֽים
For you, YHWH, high above all the earth: you are exalted far above all gods.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אַתָּ֤הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עֶלְי֥וֹןMost HighAdj · עֶלְיוֹן (H5945)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶלְיוֹן (H5945) 'Most High'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
מְאֹ֥דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
נַ֝עֲלֵ֗יתָand he went upN · עָלָה (H5927)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָלָה (H5927) 'and he went up'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֱלֹהִֽיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
10
אֹהֲבֵ֥י יְהוָ֗ה שִׂנְא֫וּ רָ֥ע שֹׁ֭מֵר נַפְשׁ֣וֹת חֲסִידָ֑יו מִיַּ֥ד רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יַצִּילֵֽם
You that love YHWH, hate evil: he preserveth the souls of his saints; he delivereth them out of the hand of the wicked.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'to love'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אֹהֲבֵ֥יto loveQal ptc mp · אָהַב (H157)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָהַב (H157) 'to love'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
שִׂנְא֫וּhatingQal impv 2mp · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
רָ֥עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
שֹׁ֭מֵרkeepQal ptc ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keep'.
נַפְשׁ֣וֹתpersonsN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'persons'.
חֲסִידָ֑יוyour loyal oneAdj · חָסִיד (H2623)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָסִיד (H2623) 'your loyal one'.
מִיַּ֥דfrom the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'from the hand of'.
רְ֝שָׁעִ֗יםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
יַצִּילֵֽםhas deliveredHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצַל (H5337) 'has delivered'.
11
א֭וֹר זָרֻ֣עַ לַצַּדִּ֑יק וּֽלְיִשְׁרֵי לֵ֥ב שִׂמְחָֽה
Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'bearing seed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
א֭וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
זָרֻ֣עַbearing seedQal ptc ms · זָרַע (H2232)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָרַע (H2232) 'bearing seed'.
לַצַּדִּ֑יקrighteousprep + art + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
וּֽלְיִשְׁרֵיrightconj וְ + prep + Adj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'right'.
לֵ֥בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
שִׂמְחָֽהwith joyN c · שִׂמְחָה (H8057)Construct chain (genitival)שִׂמְחָה (H8057) 'with joy'.
12
שִׂמְח֣וּ צַ֭דִּיקִים בַּֽיהוָ֑ה וְ֝הוֹד֗וּ לְזֵ֣כֶר קָדְשֽׁוֹ
Rejoice in YHWH, you righteous; and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שִׂמְח֣וּand you shall rejoiceQal impv 2mp · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
צַ֭דִּיקִיםthe righteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'the righteous'.
בַּֽיהוָ֑הagainst YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'against YHWH'.
וְ֝הוֹד֗וּI will praiseconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2mp · יָדָה (H3034)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָדָה (H3034) 'I will praise'.
לְזֵ֣כֶרthe remembrance ofprep + N com m sg constr · זֵכֶר (H2143)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֵכֶר (H2143) 'the remembrance of'.
קָדְשֽׁוֹholyN c · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Construct chain (genitival)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'.