Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Psalms, Chapter 95תהלים 95

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Psalms 95 (11 verses in the MT) opens: O come, let us sing to YHWH: let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation. The middle of the chapter continues: O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before YHWH our maker. It closes: To whom I sware in my wrath that they should not enter into my rest.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Psalms 95 comprises 11 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — O come, let us sing to YHWH: let us make a joyful noise to the rock of o. O come, let us sing to YHWH: let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation. Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving, and make a joyful noise to him with psalms. For YHWH a great God, and a great King above all gods. In his hand the deep places of the earth: the strength of the hills his also. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — The sea his, and he made it: and his hands formed the dry. The sea his, and he made it: and his hands formed the dry . O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before YHWH our maker. For he our God; and we the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand. To day if you will hear his voice, Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, as the day of temptation in the wilderness: Movement III (vv. 9-11) — When your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my work. When your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my work. Forty years long was I grieved with generation, and said, It a people that do err in their heart, and they have not known my ways: To whom I sware in my wrath that they should not enter into my rest. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

לְ֭כוּ נְרַנְּנָ֣ה לַיהוָ֑ה נָ֝רִ֗יעָה לְצ֣וּר יִשְׁעֵֽנוּ

O come, let us sing to YHWH: let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'go'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לְ֭כוּgoQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'go'.
נְרַנְּנָ֣הshout for joyPiel cohortative 1cp · רָנַן (H7442)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalרָנַן (H7442) 'shout for joy'.
לַיהוָ֑הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
נָ֝רִ֗יעָהshout!Hiphil cohortative 1cp · רוּעַ (H7321)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalרוּעַ (H7321) 'shout!'.
לְצ֣וּרthe rockprep + N com m sg constr · צוּר (H6697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוּר (H6697) 'the rock'.
יִשְׁעֵֽנוּsafetyN c · יֶשַׁע (H3468)Construct chain (genitival)יֶשַׁע (H3468) 'safety'.
2

נְקַדְּמָ֣ה פָנָ֣יו בְּתוֹדָ֑ה בִּ֝זְמִר֗וֹת נָרִ֥יעַֽ לֽוֹ

Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving, and make a joyful noise to him with psalms.

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'they met'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
נְקַדְּמָ֣הthey metPiel cohortative 1cp · קָדַם (H6923)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalקָדַם (H6923) 'they met'.
פָנָ֣יוhis faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'his face'.
בְּתוֹדָ֑הthanksgivingprep + N com f sg abs · תּוֹדָה (H8426)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹדָה (H8426) 'thanksgiving'.
בִּ֝זְמִר֗וֹתpsalmprep + N com m pl abs · זָמִיר (H2158)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָמִיר (H2158) 'psalm'.
נָרִ֥יעַֽshout!Hiphil cohortative 1cp · רוּעַ (H7321)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalרוּעַ (H7321) 'shout!'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
3

כִּ֤י אֵ֣ל גָּד֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה וּמֶ֥לֶךְ גָּ֝ד֗וֹל עַל כָּל אֱלֹהִֽים

For YHWH a great God, and a great King above all gods.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֣לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
גָּד֣וֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּמֶ֥לֶךְand the king ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'and the king of'.
גָּ֝ד֗וֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֱלֹהִֽיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
4

אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּ֭יָדוֹ מֶחְקְרֵי אָ֑רֶץ וְתוֹעֲפ֖וֹת הָרִ֣ים לֽוֹ

In his hand the deep places of the earth: the strength of the hills his also.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בְּ֭יָדוֹin his handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'in his hand'.
מֶחְקְרֵיdeep placeN c · מֶחְקָר (H4278)Construct chain (genitival)מֶחְקָר (H4278) 'deep place'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
וְתוֹעֲפ֖וֹתlike the horns ofconj וְ + N com f pl constr · תּוֹעָפָה (H8443)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹעָפָה (H8443) 'like the horns of'.
הָרִ֣יםhillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
5

אֲשֶׁר ל֣וֹ הַ֭יָּם וְה֣וּא עָשָׂ֑הוּ וְ֝יַבֶּ֗שֶׁת יָדָ֥יו יָצָֽרוּ

The sea his, and he made it: and his hands formed the dry .

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'who made him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
ל֣וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
הַ֭יָּםthe seaart + N com m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָם (H3220) 'the sea'.
וְה֣וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
עָשָׂ֑הוּwho made himQal perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'who made him'.
וְ֝יַבֶּ֗שֶׁתon the dry groundconj וְ + N com f sg abs · יַבֶּשֶׁת (H3006)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַבֶּשֶׁת (H3006) 'on the dry ground'.
יָדָ֥יוhis handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hands'.
יָצָֽרוּformedQal perf 3cp · יָצַר (H3335)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
6

בֹּ֭אוּ נִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֣ה וְנִכְרָ֑עָה נִ֝בְרְכָ֗ה לִֽפְנֵי יְהוָ֥ה עֹשֵֽׂנוּ

O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before YHWH our maker.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בֹּ֭אוּcameQal impv 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
נִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֣הand he bowed downHishtaphel impf 1cp · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁחָה (H7812) 'and he bowed down'.
וְנִכְרָ֑עָהhe kneltconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · כָּרַע (H3766)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalכָּרַע (H3766) 'he knelt'.
נִ֝בְרְכָ֗הblessedQal cohortative 1cp · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'blessed'.
לִֽפְנֵיbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עֹשֵֽׂנוּhe didQal ptc ms + sfx 1cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
7

כִּ֘י ה֤וּא אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וַאֲנַ֤חְנוּ עַ֣ם מַ֭רְעִיתוֹ וְצֹ֣אן יָד֑וֹ הַ֝יּ֗וֹם אִֽם בְּקֹל֥וֹ תִשְׁמָֽעוּ

For he our God; and we the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand. To day if you will hear his voice,

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you listen/obey'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּ֘יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ה֤וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.
וַאֲנַ֤חְנוּand weconj וְ + pron 1cp · אֲנַחְנוּ (H587)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנַחְנוּ (H587) 'and we'.
עַ֣םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
מַ֭רְעִיתוֹflockN c · מִרְעִית (H4830)Construct chain (genitival)מִרְעִית (H4830) 'flock'.
וְצֹ֣אןand flocksconj וְ + N com c sg constr · צֹאן (H6629)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֹאן (H6629) 'and flocks'.
יָד֑וֹhis handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
הַ֝יּ֗וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
אִֽםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
בְּקֹל֥וֹhis voiceprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'his voice'.
תִשְׁמָֽעוּyou listen/obeyQal impf 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'you listen/obey'.
8

אַל תַּקְשׁ֣וּ לְ֭בַבְכֶם כִּמְרִיבָ֑ה כְּי֥וֹם מַ֝סָּ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּֽר

Harden not your heart, as in the provocation, as the day of temptation in the wilderness:

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'stiffen/harden'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּקְשׁ֣וּstiffen/hardenHiphil jussive 2mp · קָשָׁה (H7185)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalקָשָׁה (H7185) 'stiffen/harden'.
לְ֭בַבְכֶםyour heartN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'your heart'.
כִּמְרִיבָ֑הMeribah ofprep + N proper · מְרִיבָה (H4808)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְרִיבָה (H4808) 'Meribah of'.
כְּי֥וֹםas this dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'as this day'.
מַ֝סָּ֗הthe trialsN · מַסָּה (H4531)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַסָּה (H4531) 'the trials'.
בַּמִּדְבָּֽרin the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
9

אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִ֭סּוּנִי אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּ֝חָנ֗וּנִי גַּם רָא֥וּ פָעֳלִֽי

When your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my work.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to test'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נִ֭סּוּנִיto testPiel perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · נִסָּה (H5254)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנִסָּה (H5254) 'to test'.
אֲבוֹתֵיכֶ֑םyour fathersN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'your fathers'.
בְּ֝חָנ֗וּנִיyou will be testedQal perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · בָּחַן (H974)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּחַן (H974) 'you will be tested'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
רָא֥וּsawQal perf 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'saw'.
פָעֳלִֽיhis workN c · פֹּעַל (H6467)Construct chain (genitival)פֹּעַל (H6467) 'his work'.
10

אַרְבָּ֘עִ֤ים שָׁנָ֨ה אָ֘ק֤וּט בְּד֗וֹר וָאֹמַ֗ר עַ֤ם תֹּעֵ֣י לֵבָ֣ב הֵ֑ם וְ֝הֵ֗ם לֹא יָדְע֥וּ דְרָכָֽי

Forty years long was I grieved with generation, and said, It a people that do err in their heart, and they have not known my ways:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אַרְבָּ֘עִ֤יםfortyAdj · אַרְבָּעִים (H705)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבָּעִים (H705) 'forty'.
שָׁנָ֨הyearsN c · שָׁנָה (H8141)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'years'.
אָ֘ק֤וּטandQal impf 1cs · קוּט (H6962)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּט (H6962) 'and'.
בְּד֗וֹרin the generationprep + N com m sg abs · דּוֹר (H1755)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דּוֹר (H1755) 'in the generation'.
וָאֹמַ֗רand I saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
עַ֤םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
תֹּעֵ֣יwanderingQal ptc mp · תָּעָה (H8582)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתָּעָה (H8582) 'wandering'.
לֵבָ֣בthe heart ofN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'the heart of'.
הֵ֑םtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
וְ֝הֵ֗םand theyconj וְ + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'and they'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדְע֥וּhave knownQal perf 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'have known'.
דְרָכָֽיmy wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
11

אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי בְאַפִּ֑י אִם יְ֝בֹא֗וּן אֶל מְנוּחָתִֽי

To whom I sware in my wrath that they should not enter into my rest.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they came'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּיI sworeN · נִשְׁבַּע (H7650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִשְׁבַּע (H7650) 'I swore'.
בְאַפִּ֑יin my angerprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'in my anger'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יְ֝בֹא֗וּןand they cameQal impf 3mp + Sn · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
מְנוּחָתִֽיa resting placeN c · מְנוּחָה (H4496)Construct chain (genitival)מְנוּחָה (H4496) 'a resting place'.