Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Psalms, Chapter 94תהלים 94

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Psalms 94 (23 verses in the MT) opens: O YHWH God, to whom vengeance belongeth; O God, to whom vengeance belongeth, shew thyself. The middle of the chapter continues: Blessed the man whom you chastenest, O YHWH, and teachest him out of your law; It closes: And he shall bring upon them their own iniquity, and shall cut them off in their own wickedness; , YHWH our God shall cut them off.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Psalms 94 comprises 23 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — O YHWH God, to whom vengeance belongeth; O God, to whom vengeance belong. O YHWH God, to whom vengeance belongeth; O God, to whom vengeance belongeth, shew thyself. Lift up thyself, you judge of the earth: render a reward to the proud. YHWH, how long shall the wicked, how long shall the wicked triumph? shall they utter speak hard things? all the workers of iniquity boast themselves? They break in pieces your people, O YHWH, and. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless. They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless. Yet they say, YHWH shall not see, neither shall the God of Jacob regard . Understand, you brutish among the people: and fools, when will you be wise? He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? he that formed the eye, shall he not see? He that chastiseth the heathen, shall not he correct? he. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — YHWH knoweth the thoughts of man, that they vanity. YHWH knoweth the thoughts of man, that they vanity. Blessed the man whom you chastenest, O YHWH, and teachest him out of your law; That you mayest give him rest from the days of adversity, until the pit be digged for the wicked. For YHWH will not cast off his people, neither will he forsake his inheritance. But judgment shall return to righteousness: and. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — Who will rise up for me against the evildoers? who will stand up for me. Who will rise up for me against the evildoers? who will stand up for me against the workers of iniquity? Unless YHWH my help, my soul had almost dwelt in silence. When I said, My foot slippeth; your mercy, O YHWH, held me up. In the multitude of my thoughts within me your comforts delight my soul. Shall the throne of iniquity have fellowship with you, which. Movement V (vv. 21-23) — They gather themselves together against the soul of the righteous, and c. They gather themselves together against the soul of the righteous, and condemn the innocent blood. But YHWH is my defence; and my God the rock of my refuge. And he shall bring upon them their own iniquity, and shall cut them off in their own wickedness; , YHWH our God shall cut them off. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

אֵל נְקָמ֥וֹת יְהוָ֑ה אֵ֖ל נְקָמ֣וֹת הוֹפִֽיַע

O YHWH God, to whom vengeance belongeth; O God, to whom vengeance belongeth, shew thyself.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'he shone forth'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֵלGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
נְקָמ֥וֹתthe vengeance ofN c · נְקָמָה (H5360)Construct chain (genitival)נְקָמָה (H5360) 'the vengeance of'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֵ֖לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
נְקָמ֣וֹתthe vengeance ofN c · נְקָמָה (H5360)Construct chain (genitival)נְקָמָה (H5360) 'the vengeance of'.
הוֹפִֽיַעhe shone forthHiphil impv 2ms · יָפַע (H3313)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָפַע (H3313) 'he shone forth'.
2

הִ֭נָּשֵׂא שֹׁפֵ֣ט הָאָ֑רֶץ הָשֵׁ֥ב גְּ֝מ֗וּל עַל גֵּאִֽים

Lift up thyself, you judge of the earth: render a reward to the proud.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and judge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הִ֭נָּשֵׂאthe one carryingN · נָשָׂא (H5375)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָשָׂא (H5375) 'the one carrying'.
שֹׁפֵ֣טand judgeQal ptc ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
הָשֵׁ֥בsurelyHiphil impv 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'surely'.
גְּ֝מ֗וּלas / likeN c · גְּמוּל (H1576)Construct chain (genitival)גְּמוּל (H1576) 'as / like'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
גֵּאִֽיםproudAdj · גֵּאֶה (H1343)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֵּאֶה (H1343) 'proud'.
3

עַד מָתַ֖י רְשָׁעִ֥ים יְהוָ֑ה עַד מָ֝תַ֗י רְשָׁעִ֥ים יַעֲלֹֽזוּ

YHWH, how long shall the wicked, how long shall the wicked triumph?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'be joyful'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
מָתַ֖יwheninterrog. · מָתַי (H4970)Particle or relational elementמָתַי (H4970) 'when'.
רְשָׁעִ֥יםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
מָ֝תַ֗יwheninterrog. · מָתַי (H4970)Particle or relational elementמָתַי (H4970) 'when'.
רְשָׁעִ֥יםthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
יַעֲלֹֽזוּbe joyfulQal impf 3mp · עָלַז (H5937)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלַז (H5937) 'be joyful'.
4

יַבִּ֣יעוּ יְדַבְּר֣וּ עָתָ֑ק יִֽ֝תְאַמְּר֗וּ כָּל פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן

shall they utter speak hard things? all the workers of iniquity boast themselves?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'belch out'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יַבִּ֣יעוּbelch outHiphil impf 3mp · נָבַע (H5042)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָבַע (H5042) 'belch out'.
יְדַבְּר֣וּand he spokePiel impf 3mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he spoke'.
עָתָ֑קarrogancyAdj · עָתָק (H6277)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָתָק (H6277) 'arrogancy'.
יִֽ֝תְאַמְּר֗וּand he saidHithpael impf 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
פֹּ֥עֲלֵיdidQal ptc mp · פָּעַל (H6466)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
אָֽוֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
5

עַמְּךָ֣ יְהוָ֣ה יְדַכְּא֑וּ וְֽנַחֲלָתְךָ֥ יְעַנּֽוּ

They break in pieces your people, O YHWH, and afflict your heritage.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and crush me'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
עַמְּךָ֣your peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'your people'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יְדַכְּא֑וּand crush mePiel impf 3mp · דָּכָא (H1792)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּכָא (H1792) 'and crush me'.
וְֽנַחֲלָתְךָ֥and your inheritanceconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'and your inheritance'.
יְעַנּֽוּthey afflictedPiel impf 3mp · עָנָה (H6031)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנָה (H6031) 'they afflicted'.
6

אַ֭לְמָנָה וְגֵ֣ר יַהֲרֹ֑גוּ וִֽיתוֹמִ֣ים יְרַצֵּֽחוּ

They slay the widow and the stranger, and murder the fatherless.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they killed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
אַ֭לְמָנָהa widowN c · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Construct chain (genitival)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'a widow'.
וְגֵ֣רand a sojournerconj וְ + N com m sg abs · גֵּר (H1616)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֵּר (H1616) 'and a sojourner'.
יַהֲרֹ֑גוּthey killedQal impf 3mp · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָרַג (H2026) 'they killed'.
וִֽיתוֹמִ֣יםorphanconj וְ + N com m pl abs · יָתוֹם (H3490)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'orphan'.
יְרַצֵּֽחוּthe manslayerPiel impf 3mp · רָצַח (H7523)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָצַח (H7523) 'the manslayer'.
7

וַ֭יֹּ֣אמְרוּ לֹ֣א יִרְאֶה יָּ֑הּ וְלֹא יָ֝בִ֗ין אֱלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב

Yet they say, YHWH shall not see, neither shall the God of Jacob regard .

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַ֭יֹּ֣אמְרוּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and they said'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִרְאֶהshall be seenQal impf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall be seen'.
יָּ֑הּYahN · יָהּ (H3050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָהּ (H3050) 'Yah'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָ֝בִ֗יןdiscerningQal impf 3ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
אֱלֹהֵ֥יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יַעֲקֹֽבJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
8

בִּ֭ינוּ בֹּעֲרִ֣ים בָּעָ֑ם וּ֝כְסִילִ֗ים מָתַ֥י תַּשְׂכִּֽילוּ

Understand, you brutish among the people: and fools, when will you be wise?

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'consider'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
בִּ֭ינוּconsiderQal impv 2mp · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבִּין (H995) 'consider'.
בֹּעֲרִ֣יםso you shall purgeQal ptc mp · בָּעַר (H1197)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּעַר (H1197) 'so you shall purge'.
בָּעָ֑םamong the peopleprep + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'among the people'.
וּ֝כְסִילִ֗יםandconj וְ + Adj · כְּסִיל (H3684)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּסִיל (H3684) 'and'.
מָתַ֥יwheninterrog. · מָתַי (H4970)Particle or relational elementמָתַי (H4970) 'when'.
תַּשְׂכִּֽילוּyou may prosperHiphil impf 2mp · שָׂכַל (H7919)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂכַל (H7919) 'you may prosper'.
9

הֲנֹ֣טַֽע אֹ֭זֶן הֲלֹ֣א יִשְׁמָ֑ע אִֽם יֹ֥צֵֽר עַ֝֗יִן הֲלֹ֣א יַבִּֽיט

He that planted the ear, shall he not hear? he that formed the eye, shall he not see?

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'you will plant'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הֲנֹ֣טַֽעyou will plantinterrog. + Qal ptc ms · נָטַע (H5193)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטַע (H5193) 'you will plant'.
אֹ֭זֶןthe ear ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'the ear of'.
הֲלֹ֣אis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
יִשְׁמָ֑עwill listen/obeyQal impf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'will listen/obey'.
אִֽםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יֹ֥צֵֽרhe had formedQal ptc ms · יָצַר (H3335)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצַר (H3335) 'he had formed'.
עַ֝֗יִןeyeN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'eye'.
הֲלֹ֣אis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
יַבִּֽיטhe beholdsHiphil impf 3ms · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָבַט (H5027) 'he beholds'.
10

הֲיֹסֵ֣ר גּ֭וֹיִם הֲלֹ֣א יוֹכִ֑יחַ הַֽמְלַמֵּ֖ד אָדָ֣ם דָּֽעַת

He that chastiseth the heathen, shall not he correct? he that teacheth man knowledge, ?

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and they discipline'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֲיֹסֵ֣רand they disciplineinterrog. + Qal ptc ms · יָסַר (H3256)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָסַר (H3256) 'and they discipline'.
גּ֭וֹיִםnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
הֲלֹ֣אis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
יוֹכִ֑יחַand you are vindicatedHiphil impf 3ms · יָכַח (H3198)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכַח (H3198) 'and you are vindicated'.
הַֽמְלַמֵּ֖דto teachart + Piel ptc ms · לִמַּד (H3925)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלִמַּד (H3925) 'to teach'.
אָדָ֣םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
דָּֽעַתknowledgeN c · דַּעַת (H1847)Construct chain (genitival)דַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge'.
11

יְֽהוָ֗ה יֹ֭דֵעַ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת אָדָ֑ם כִּי הֵ֥מָּה הָֽבֶל

YHWH knoweth the thoughts of man, that they vanity.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he knew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יְֽהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יֹ֭דֵעַhe knewQal ptc ms · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
מַחְשְׁב֣וֹתdesignsN c · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
אָדָ֑םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הֵ֥מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
הָֽבֶלwith their idolsN c · הֶבֶל (H1892)Construct chain (genitival)הֶבֶל (H1892) 'with their idols'.
12

אַשְׁרֵ֤י הַגֶּ֣בֶר אֲשֶׁר תְּיַסְּרֶ֣נּוּ יָּ֑הּ וּֽמִתּוֹרָתְךָ֥ תְלַמְּדֶֽנּוּ

Blessed the man whom you chastenest, O YHWH, and teachest him out of your law;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they discipline'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַשְׁרֵ֤יhappy are youN c · אֶשֶׁר (H835)Construct chain (genitival)אֶשֶׁר (H835) 'happy are you'.
הַגֶּ֣בֶרthe manart + N com m sg abs · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'the man'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
תְּיַסְּרֶ֣נּוּand they disciplinePiel impf 2ms + sfx 3ms · יָסַר (H3256)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַר (H3256) 'and they discipline'.
יָּ֑הּYahN · יָהּ (H3050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָהּ (H3050) 'Yah'.
וּֽמִתּוֹרָתְךָ֥the torahconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'the torah'.
תְלַמְּדֶֽנּוּto teachPiel impf 2ms + sfx 3ms · לִמַּד (H3925)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלִמַּד (H3925) 'to teach'.
13

לְהַשְׁקִ֣יט ל֭וֹ מִ֣ימֵי רָ֑ע עַ֤ד יִכָּרֶ֖ה לָרָשָׁ֣ע שָֽׁחַת

That you mayest give him rest from the days of adversity, until the pit be digged for the wicked.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and it had rest'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לְהַשְׁקִ֣יטand it had restprep + Hiphil inf constr · שָׁקַט (H8252)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁקַט (H8252) 'and it had rest'.
ל֭וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
מִ֣ימֵיtodayprep + N com m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
רָ֑עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
עַ֤דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
יִכָּרֶ֖הdigsN · כָּרָה (H3738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּרָה (H3738) 'digs'.
לָרָשָׁ֣עto the wicked oneprep + art + Adj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'to the wicked one'.
שָֽׁחַתfromN c · שַׁחַת (H7845)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַת (H7845) 'from'.
14

כִּ֤י לֹא יִטֹּ֣שׁ יְהוָ֣ה עַמּ֑וֹ וְ֝נַחֲלָת֗וֹ לֹ֣א יַעֲזֹֽב

For YHWH will not cast off his people, neither will he forsake his inheritance.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he forsook'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִטֹּ֣שׁand he forsookQal impf 3ms · נָטַשׁ (H5203)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָטַשׁ (H5203) 'and he forsook'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עַמּ֑וֹhis peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'his people'.
וְ֝נַחֲלָת֗וֹand his inheritanceconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'and his inheritance'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַעֲזֹֽבleavesQal impf 3ms · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָזַב (H5800) 'leaves'.
15

כִּֽי עַד צֶ֭דֶק יָשׁ֣וּב מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וְ֝אַחֲרָ֗יו כָּל יִשְׁרֵי לֵֽב

But judgment shall return to righteousness: and all the upright in heart shall follow it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall return'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
צֶ֭דֶקjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
יָשׁ֣וּבhe shall returnQal impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'he shall return'.
מִשְׁפָּ֑טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
וְ֝אַחֲרָ֗יוand after itconj וְ + prep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'and after it'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יִשְׁרֵיrightAdj · יָשָׁר (H3477)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁר (H3477) 'right'.
לֵֽבthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
16

מִֽי יָק֣וּם לִ֭י עִם מְרֵעִ֑ים מִֽי יִתְיַצֵּ֥ב לִ֝י עִם פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן

Who will rise up for me against the evildoers? who will stand up for me against the workers of iniquity?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall stand'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יָק֣וּםshall standQal impf 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'shall stand'.
לִ֭יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
מְרֵעִ֑יםand it was displeasingHiphil ptc mp · רָעַע (H7489)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יִתְיַצֵּ֥בshall standHithpael impf 3ms · הִתְיַצֵּב (H3320)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהִתְיַצֵּב (H3320) 'shall stand'.
לִ֝יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
פֹּ֥עֲלֵיdidQal ptc mp · פָּעַל (H6466)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
אָֽוֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
17

לוּלֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה עֶזְרָ֣תָה לִּ֑י כִּמְעַ֓ט שָֽׁכְנָ֖ה דוּמָ֣ה נַפְשִֽׁי

Unless YHWH my help, my soul had almost dwelt in silence.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to make dwell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לוּלֵ֣יwere it not thatconj וְ · לוּלֵי (H3884)Particle or relational elementלוּלֵי (H3884) 'were it not that'.
יְ֭הוָהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עֶזְרָ֣תָהto the help ofN c · עֶזְרָה (H5833)Construct chain (genitival)עֶזְרָה (H5833) 'to the help of'.
לִּ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
כִּמְעַ֓טalmostprep + N com m sg abs · מְעַט (H4592)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְעַט (H4592) 'almost'.
שָֽׁכְנָ֖הto make dwellQal perf 3fs · שָׁכַן (H7931)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to make dwell'.
דוּמָ֣הsilenceN c · דּוּמָה (H1745)Construct chain (genitival)דּוּמָה (H1745) 'silence'.
נַפְשִֽׁיmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
18

אִם אָ֭מַרְתִּי מָ֣טָה רַגְלִ֑י חַסְדְּךָ֥ יְ֝הוָ֗ה יִסְעָדֵֽנִי

When I said, My foot slippeth; your mercy, O YHWH, held me up.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationʼim
Conditional ʼim. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אָ֭מַרְתִּיI saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'I said'.
מָ֣טָהshall slipQal perf 3fs · מוֹט (H4131)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוֹט (H4131) 'shall slip'.
רַגְלִ֑יthe feet ofN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'the feet of'.
חַסְדְּךָ֥your steadfast loveN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'your steadfast love'.
יְ֝הוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יִסְעָדֵֽנִיand refreshQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · סָעַד (H5582)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָעַד (H5582) 'and refresh'.
19

בְּרֹ֣ב שַׂרְעַפַּ֣י בְּקִרְבִּ֑י תַּ֝נְחוּמֶ֗יךָ יְֽשַׁעַשְׁע֥וּ נַפְשִֽׁי

In the multitude of my thoughts within me your comforts delight my soul.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'cry (out) (by confusion with'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
בְּרֹ֣בfor multitudeprep + N com c sg constr · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'for multitude'.
שַׂרְעַפַּ֣יthoughtN c · שַׂרְעַף (H8312)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂרְעַף (H8312) 'thought'.
בְּקִרְבִּ֑יin my midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in my midst'.
תַּ֝נְחוּמֶ֗יךָcomfortN c · תַּנְחוּם (H8575)Construct chain (genitival)תַּנְחוּם (H8575) 'comfort'.
יְֽשַׁעַשְׁע֥וּcry (out) (by confusion withl impf 3mp · שָׁעַע (H8173)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁעַע (H8173) 'cry (out) (by confusion with'.
נַפְשִֽׁיmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
20

הַֽ֭יְחָבְרְךָ כִּסֵּ֣א הַוּ֑וֹת יֹצֵ֖ר עָמָ֣ל עֲלֵי חֹֽק

Shall the throne of iniquity have fellowship with you, which frameth mischief by a law?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall join'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַֽ֭יְחָבְרְךָand you shall joininterrog. + Qal impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · חָבַר (H2266)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָבַר (H2266) 'and you shall join'.
כִּסֵּ֣אthe throne ofN c · כִּסֵּא (H3678)Construct chain (genitival)כִּסֵּא (H3678) 'the throne of'.
הַוּ֑וֹתcalamityN c · הַוָּה (H1942)Construct chain (genitival)הַוָּה (H1942) 'calamity'.
יֹצֵ֖רhe had formedQal ptc ms · יָצַר (H3335)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצַר (H3335) 'he had formed'.
עָמָ֣לtroubleN c · עָמָל (H5999)Construct chain (genitival)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
עֲלֵיagainst meprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
חֹֽקa due ofN c · חֹק (H2706)Construct chain (genitival)חֹק (H2706) 'a due of'.
21

יָ֭גוֹדּוּ עַל נֶ֣פֶשׁ צַדִּ֑יק וְדָ֖ם נָקִ֣י יַרְשִֽׁיעוּ

They gather themselves together against the soul of the righteous, and condemn the innocent blood.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall gash yourselves'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יָ֭גוֹדּוּyou shall gash yourselvesQal impf 3mp · גָּדַד (H1413)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּדַד (H1413) 'you shall gash yourselves'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
נֶ֣פֶשׁa personN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'a person'.
צַדִּ֑יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
וְדָ֖םand the blood ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'and the blood of'.
נָקִ֣יinnocentAdj · נָקִי (H5355)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָקִי (H5355) 'innocent'.
יַרְשִֽׁיעוּand they condemnHiphil impf 3mp · רָשַׁע (H7561)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָשַׁע (H7561) 'and they condemn'.
22

וַיְהִ֬י יְהוָ֣ה לִ֣י לְמִשְׂגָּ֑ב וֵ֝אלֹהַ֗י לְצ֣וּר מַחְסִֽי

But YHWH is my defence; and my God the rock of my refuge.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיְהִ֬יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לִ֣יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
לְמִשְׂגָּ֑בdefenceprep + N com m sg abs · מִשְׂגָּב (H4869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׂגָּב (H4869) 'defence'.
וֵ֝אלֹהַ֗יand the God ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'and the God of'.
לְצ֣וּרthe rockprep + N com m sg constr · צוּר (H6697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוּר (H6697) 'the rock'.
מַחְסִֽיhopeN c · מַחֲסֶה (H4268)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲסֶה (H4268) 'hope'.
23

וַיָּ֤שֶׁב עֲלֵיהֶ֨ם אֶת אוֹנָ֗ם וּבְרָעָתָ֥ם יַצְמִיתֵ֑ם יַ֝צְמִיתֵ֗ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ

And he shall bring upon them their own iniquity, and shall cut them off in their own wickedness; , YHWH our God shall cut them off.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he returned'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיָּ֤שֶׁבand he returnedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֨םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אוֹנָ֗םiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
וּבְרָעָתָ֥םthe evilconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3mp · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
יַצְמִיתֵ֑םandHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · צָמַת (H6789)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָמַת (H6789) 'and'.
יַ֝צְמִיתֵ֗םandHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · צָמַת (H6789)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָמַת (H6789) 'and'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵֽינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.