Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Psalms, Chapter 80תהלים 80

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Psalms 80 (20 verses in the MT) opens: Excel to Shoshannim-Eduth Shoshannim-Eduth Asaph psalm. The middle of the chapter continues: That covers hills in the shadow of and a bough of cedar God. It closes: YHWH God of troops we brought back to give light your face one to save.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Psalms 80 comprises 20 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Excel to Shoshannim-Eduth Shoshannim-Eduth Asaph psalm. Excel to Shoshannim-Eduth Shoshannim-Eduth Asaph psalm. Shepherding Israel give ear drove/led like sheep Joseph dwelling the cherubim he shone forth. Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh awake and like your mighty acts so come his salvation to us. God we brought back to give light your face one to save. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — YHWH God of troops until when will smoke prayer your people. YHWH God of troops until when will smoke prayer your people. You shall eat bread tears and watered tears and officers. And he set brawling their neighbors and our enemies have in derision for them. God of troops we brought back to give light your face one to save. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — A vine from Egypt and they set out and he drove out nations you will pla. A vine from Egypt and they set out and he drove out nations you will plant. And they turned before (take a root and was filled the land of. That covers hills in the shadow of and a bough of cedar God. You will send its harvest until sea of and to the river of (tender) branch. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — Why you have broken through a wall and all I would cross the way of. Why you have broken through a wall and all I would cross the way of. Waste the pig into the forest from the field shepherding. God of troops return please look! the heavens shall examine their mustered (men) a vine this. And that you will plant Your right hand, and on son of and be courageous to you. Movement V (vv. 17-20) — You shall burn with fire cut down in your face may they perish. You shall burn with fire cut down in your face may they perish. Let there be your hand on a man Your right hand, on son of man and be courageous to you. And not backslider from you and he lived his name is called. YHWH God of troops we brought back to give light your face one to save. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ אֶל שֹׁשַׁנִּ֑ים עֵד֖וּת לְאָסָ֣ף מִזְמֽוֹר

Excel to Shoshannim-Eduth Shoshannim-Eduth Asaph psalm.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'excel'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַexcelprep + art + Piel ptc ms · נָצַח (H5329)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַח (H5329) 'excel'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שֹׁשַׁנִּ֑יםShoshannim-EduthN c · שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת (H7802)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת (H7802) 'Shoshannim-Eduth'.
עֵד֖וּתShoshannim-EduthN c · שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת (H7802)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוּשַׁן עֵדוּת (H7802) 'Shoshannim-Eduth'.
לְאָסָ֣ףAsaphprep + N proper · אָסָף (H623)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָסָף (H623) 'Asaph'.
מִזְמֽוֹרpsalmN c · מִזְמוֹר (H4210)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְמוֹר (H4210) 'psalm'.
2

רֹ֘עֵ֤ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל הַאֲזִ֗ינָה נֹהֵ֣ג כַּצֹּ֣אן יוֹסֵ֑ף יֹשֵׁ֖ב הַכְּרוּבִ֣ים הוֹפִֽיעָה

Shepherding Israel give ear drove/led like sheep Joseph dwelling the cherubim he shone forth.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shepherding'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
רֹ֘עֵ֤הshepherdingQal ptc ms · רָעָה (H7462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֨לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
הַאֲזִ֗ינָהgive earHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · אָזַן (H238)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָזַן (H238) 'give ear'.
נֹהֵ֣גdrove/ledQal ptc ms · נָהַג (H5090)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָהַג (H5090) 'drove/led'.
כַּצֹּ֣אןlike sheepprep + art + N com c sg abs · צֹאן (H6629)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֹאן (H6629) 'like sheep'.
יוֹסֵ֑ףJosephN · יוֹסֵף (H3130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹסֵף (H3130) 'Joseph'.
יֹשֵׁ֖בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
הַכְּרוּבִ֣יםthe cherubimart + N com m pl abs · כְּרוּב (H3742)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּרוּב (H3742) 'the cherubim'.
הוֹפִֽיעָהhe shone forthHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · יָפַע (H3313)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָפַע (H3313) 'he shone forth'.
3

לִפְנֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֨יִם וּבִנְיָ֘מִ֤ן וּמְנַשֶּׁ֗ה עוֹרְרָ֥ה אֶת גְּבֽוּרָתֶ֑ךָ וּלְכָ֖ה לִישֻׁעָ֣תָה לָּֽנוּ

Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh awake and like your mighty acts so come his salvation to us.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'awake'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
לִפְנֵ֤יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
אֶפְרַ֨יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
וּבִנְיָ֘מִ֤ןand Benjaminconj וְ + N proper · בִּנְיָמִן (H1144)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּנְיָמִן (H1144) 'and Benjamin'.
וּמְנַשֶּׁ֗הand Manassehconj וְ + N proper · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519) 'and Manasseh'.
עוֹרְרָ֥הawakePolel impv 2ms + Sh · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
גְּבֽוּרָתֶ֑ךָand like your mighty actsN c · גְּבוּרָה (H1369)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּרָה (H1369) 'and like your mighty acts'.
וּלְכָ֖הso comeconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + Sh · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'so come'.
לִישֻׁעָ֣תָהhis salvationprep + N com f sg abs + Sh · יְשׁוּעָה (H3444)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְשׁוּעָה (H3444) 'his salvation'.
לָּֽנוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
4

אֱלֹהִ֥ים הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּ וְהָאֵ֥ר פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָה

God we brought back to give light your face one to save.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'we brought back'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
אֱלֹהִ֥יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּwe brought backHiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'we brought back'.
וְהָאֵ֥רto give lightconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2ms · אוֹר (H215)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאוֹר (H215) 'to give light'.
פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָyour faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'your face'.
וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָהone to saveconj וְ + Niphal cohortative 1cp · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
5

יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָא֑וֹת עַד מָתַ֥י עָ֝שַׁ֗נְתָּ בִּתְפִלַּ֥ת עַמֶּֽךָ

YHWH God of troops until when will smoke prayer your people.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'will smoke'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהִ֣יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
צְבָא֑וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
מָתַ֥יwheninterrog. · מָתַי (H4970)Particle or relational elementמָתַי (H4970) 'when'.
עָ֝שַׁ֗נְתָּwill smokeQal perf 2ms · עָשַׁן (H6225)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשַׁן (H6225) 'will smoke'.
בִּתְפִלַּ֥תprayerprep + N com f sg constr · תְּפִלָּה (H8605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּפִלָּה (H8605) 'prayer'.
עַמֶּֽךָyour peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'your people'.
6

הֶ֭אֱכַלְתָּם לֶ֣חֶם דִּמְעָ֑ה וַ֝תַּשְׁקֵ֗מוֹ בִּדְמָע֥וֹת שָׁלִֽישׁ

You shall eat bread tears and watered tears and officers.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you shall eat'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הֶ֭אֱכַלְתָּםyou shall eatHiphil perf 2ms + sfx 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
לֶ֣חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
דִּמְעָ֑הtearsN c · דִּמְעָה (H1832)Construct chain (genitival)דִּמְעָה (H1832) 'tears'.
וַ֝תַּשְׁקֵ֗מוֹand wateredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 2ms + sfx 3mp · שָׁקָה (H8248)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁקָה (H8248) 'and watered'.
בִּדְמָע֥וֹתtearsprep + N com f pl abs · דִּמְעָה (H1832)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דִּמְעָה (H1832) 'tears'.
שָׁלִֽישׁand officersN c · שָׁלִישׁ (H7991)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלִישׁ (H7991) 'and officers'.
7

תְּשִׂימֵ֣נוּ מָ֭דוֹן לִשְׁכֵנֵ֑ינוּ וְ֝אֹיְבֵ֗ינוּ יִלְעֲגוּ לָֽמוֹ

And he set brawling their neighbors and our enemies have in derision for them.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he set'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
תְּשִׂימֵ֣נוּand he setQal impf 2ms + sfx 1cp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
מָ֭דוֹןbrawlingN c · מָדוֹן (H4066)Construct chain (genitival)מָדוֹן (H4066) 'brawling'.
לִשְׁכֵנֵ֑ינוּtheir neighborsprep + Adj + sfx 1cp · שָׁכֵן (H7934)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁכֵן (H7934) 'their neighbors'.
וְ֝אֹיְבֵ֗ינוּand our enemiesconj וְ + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cp · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'and our enemies'.
יִלְעֲגוּhave in derisionQal impf 3mp · לָעַג (H3932)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָעַג (H3932) 'have in derision'.
לָֽמוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
8

אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָא֣וֹת הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּ וְהָאֵ֥ר פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָה

God of troops we brought back to give light your face one to save.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'we brought back'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֱלֹהִ֣יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
צְבָא֣וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּwe brought backHiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'we brought back'.
וְהָאֵ֥רto give lightconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2ms · אוֹר (H215)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאוֹר (H215) 'to give light'.
פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָyour faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'your face'.
וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָהone to saveconj וְ + Niphal cohortative 1cp · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
9

גֶּ֭פֶן מִמִּצְרַ֣יִם תַּסִּ֑יעַ תְּגָרֵ֥שׁ גּ֝וֹיִ֗ם וַתִּטָּעֶֽהָ

A vine from Egypt and they set out and he drove out nations you will plant.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they set out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
גֶּ֭פֶןa vineN c · גֶּפֶן (H1612)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּפֶן (H1612) 'a vine'.
מִמִּצְרַ֣יִםfrom Egyptprep + N proper · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'from Egypt'.
תַּסִּ֑יעַand they set outHiphil impf 2ms · נָסַע (H5265)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָסַע (H5265) 'and they set out'.
תְּגָרֵ֥שׁand he drove outPiel impf 2ms · גָּרַשׁ (H1644)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּרַשׁ (H1644) 'and he drove out'.
גּ֝וֹיִ֗םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
וַתִּטָּעֶֽהָyou will plantconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms + sfx 3fs · נָטַע (H5193)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָטַע (H5193) 'you will plant'.
10

פִּנִּ֥יתָ לְפָנֶ֑יהָ וַתַּשְׁרֵ֥שׁ שָׁ֝רָשֶׁ֗יהָ וַתְּמַלֵּא אָֽרֶץ

And they turned before (take a root and was filled the land of.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they turned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
פִּנִּ֥יתָand they turnedPiel perf 2ms · פָּנָה (H6437)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּנָה (H6437) 'and they turned'.
לְפָנֶ֑יהָbeforeprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3fs · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
וַתַּשְׁרֵ֥שׁ(takeconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · שָׁרַשׁ (H8327)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁרַשׁ (H8327) '(take'.
שָׁ֝רָשֶׁ֗יהָa rootN c · שֹׁרֶשׁ (H8328)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁרֶשׁ (H8328) 'a root'.
וַתְּמַלֵּאand was filledconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3fs · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלֵא (H4390) 'and was filled'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
11

כָּסּ֣וּ הָרִ֣ים צִלָּ֑הּ וַ֝עֲנָפֶ֗יהָ אַֽרְזֵי אֵֽל

That covers hills in the shadow of and a bough of cedar God.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'that covers'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
כָּסּ֣וּthat coversPual perf 3cp · כָּסָה (H3680)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּסָה (H3680) 'that covers'.
הָרִ֣יםhillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
צִלָּ֑הּin the shadow ofN c · צֵל (H6738)Construct chain (genitival)צֵל (H6738) 'in the shadow of'.
וַ֝עֲנָפֶ֗יהָand a bough ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3fs · עָנָף (H6057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנָף (H6057) 'and a bough of'.
אַֽרְזֵיcedarN c · אֶרֶז (H730)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶז (H730) 'cedar'.
אֵֽלGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
12

תְּשַׁלַּ֣ח קְצִירֶ֣הָ עַד יָ֑ם וְאֶל נָ֝הָ֗ר יֽוֹנְקוֹתֶֽיהָ

You will send its harvest until sea of and to the river of (tender) branch.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you will send'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
תְּשַׁלַּ֣חyou will sendPiel impf 3fs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַח (H7971) 'you will send'.
קְצִירֶ֣הָits harvestN c · קָצִיר (H7105)Construct chain (genitival)קָצִיר (H7105) 'its harvest'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
יָ֑םsea ofN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'sea of'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
נָ֝הָ֗רthe river ofN c · נָהָר (H5104)Construct chain (genitival)נָהָר (H5104) 'the river of'.
יֽוֹנְקוֹתֶֽיהָ(tender) branchN c · יוֹנֶקֶת (H3127)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹנֶקֶת (H3127) '(tender) branch'.
13

לָ֭מָּה פָּרַ֣צְתָּ גְדֵרֶ֑יהָ וְ֝אָר֗וּהָ כָּל עֹ֥בְרֵי דָֽרֶךְ

Why you have broken through a wall and all I would cross the way of.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have broken through'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לָ֭מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
פָּרַ֣צְתָּyou have broken throughQal perf 2ms · פָּרַץ (H6555)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּרַץ (H6555) 'you have broken through'.
גְדֵרֶ֑יהָa wallN c · גָּדֵר (H1447)Construct chain (genitival)גָּדֵר (H1447) 'a wall'.
וְ֝אָר֗וּהָandconj וְ + Qal q 3cp + sfx 3fs · אָרָה (H717)Particle or relational elementאָרָה (H717) 'and'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עֹ֥בְרֵיI would crossQal ptc mp · עָבַר (H5674)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָבַר (H5674) 'I would cross'.
דָֽרֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
14

יְכַרְסְמֶ֣נָּֽה חֲזִ֣יר מִיָּ֑ וְזִ֖יז שָׂדַ֣י יִרְעֶֽנָּה

Waste the pig into the forest from the field shepherding.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'waste'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יְכַרְסְמֶ֣נָּֽהwastePiel impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · כִּרְסֵם (H3765)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכִּרְסֵם (H3765) 'waste'.
חֲזִ֣ירthe pigN c · חֲזִיר (H2386)Construct chain (genitival)חֲזִיר (H2386) 'the pig'.
מִיָּ֑into the forestprep + N com m sg abs · יַעַר (H3293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעַר (H3293) 'into the forest'.
וְזִ֖יזfromconj וְ + N com m sg constr · זִיז (H2123)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זִיז (H2123) 'from'.
שָׂדַ֣יthe fieldN c · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field'.
יִרְעֶֽנָּהshepherdingQal impf 3ms + sfx 3fs · רָעָה (H7462)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
15

אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָאוֹת֮ שֽׁ֫וּב נָ֥א הַבֵּ֣ט מִשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּרְאֵ֑ה וּ֝פְקֹ֗ד גֶּ֣פֶן זֹֽאת

God of troops return please look! the heavens shall examine their mustered (men) a vine this.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'return'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אֱלֹהִ֣יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
צְבָאוֹת֮of troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
שֽׁ֫וּבreturnQal impv 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'return'.
נָ֥אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
הַבֵּ֣טlook!Hiphil impv 2ms · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָבַט (H5027) 'look!'.
מִשָּׁמַ֣יִםthe heavensprep + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
וּרְאֵ֑הshall examineconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'shall examine'.
וּ֝פְקֹ֗דtheir mustered (men)conj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
גֶּ֣פֶןa vineN c · גֶּפֶן (H1612)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּפֶן (H1612) 'a vine'.
זֹֽאתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
16

וְ֭כַנָּה אֲשֶׁר נָטְעָ֣ה יְמִינֶ֑ךָ וְעַל בֵּ֝֗ן אִמַּ֥צְתָּה לָּֽךְ

And that you will plant Your right hand, and on son of and be courageous to you.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you will plant'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְ֭כַנָּהandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · כַּנָּה (H3657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּנָּה (H3657) 'and'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נָטְעָ֣הyou will plantQal perf 3fs · נָטַע (H5193)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָטַע (H5193) 'you will plant'.
יְמִינֶ֑ךָYour right hand,N c · יָמִין (H3225)Construct chain (genitival)יָמִין (H3225) 'Your right hand,'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
בֵּ֝֗ןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אִמַּ֥צְתָּהand be courageousPiel perf 2ms · אָמַץ (H553)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַץ (H553) 'and be courageous'.
לָּֽךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
17

שְׂרֻפָ֣ה בָאֵ֣שׁ כְּסוּחָ֑ה מִגַּעֲרַ֖ת פָּנֶ֣יךָ יֹאבֵֽדוּ

You shall burn with fire cut down in your face may they perish.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'you shall burn'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שְׂרֻפָ֣הyou shall burnQal ptc fs · שָׂרַף (H8313)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂרַף (H8313) 'you shall burn'.
בָאֵ֣שׁwith fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'with fire'.
כְּסוּחָ֑הcut downQal ptc fs · כָּסַח (H3683)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּסַח (H3683) 'cut down'.
מִגַּעֲרַ֖תinprep + N com f sg constr · גְּעָרָה (H1606)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּעָרָה (H1606) 'in'.
פָּנֶ֣יךָyour faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'your face'.
יֹאבֵֽדוּmay they perishQal impf 3mp · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבַד (H6) 'may they perish'.
18

תְּֽהִי יָ֭דְךָ עַל אִ֣ישׁ יְמִינֶ֑ךָ עַל בֶּן אָ֝דָ֗ם אִמַּ֥צְתָּ לָּֽךְ

Let there be your hand on a man Your right hand, on son of man and be courageous to you.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'let there be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
תְּֽהִיlet there beQal jussive 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalהָיָה (H1961) 'let there be'.
יָ֭דְךָyour handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hand'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
יְמִינֶ֑ךָYour right hand,N c · יָמִין (H3225)Construct chain (genitival)יָמִין (H3225) 'Your right hand,'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אָ֝דָ֗םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
אִמַּ֥צְתָּand be courageousPiel perf 2ms · אָמַץ (H553)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַץ (H553) 'and be courageous'.
לָּֽךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
19

וְלֹא נָס֥וֹג מִמֶּ֑ךָּ תְּ֝חַיֵּ֗נוּ וּבְשִׁמְךָ֥ נִקְרָֽא

And not backslider from you and he lived his name is called.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'backslider'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
נָס֥וֹגbacksliderQal impf 1cp · סוּג (H5472)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסוּג (H5472) 'backslider'.
מִמֶּ֑ךָּfrom youprep + sfx 2ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from you'.
תְּ֝חַיֵּ֗נוּand he livedPiel impf 2ms + sfx 1cp · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָיָה (H2421) 'and he lived'.
וּבְשִׁמְךָ֥his nameconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
נִקְרָֽאis calledQal impf 1cp · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'is called'.
20

יְה֘וָ֤ה אֱלֹהִ֣ים צְבָא֣וֹת הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּ הָאֵ֥ר פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָה

YHWH God of troops we brought back to give light your face one to save.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'we brought back'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יְה֘וָ֤הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהִ֣יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
צְבָא֣וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
הֲשִׁיבֵ֑נוּwe brought backHiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'we brought back'.
הָאֵ֥רto give lightHiphil impv 2ms · אוֹר (H215)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאוֹר (H215) 'to give light'.
פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָyour faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'your face'.
וְנִוָּשֵֽׁעָהone to saveconj וְ + Niphal cohortative 1cp · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.