1
לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ בִּנְגִינֹ֑ת מִזְמ֖וֹר לְאָסָ֣ף שִֽׁיר
Excel and psalm Asaph a song.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'excel'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַexcelprep + art + Piel ptc ms · נָצַח (H5329)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַח (H5329) 'excel'.
בִּנְגִינֹ֑תandprep + N com f pl abs · נְגִינָה (H5058)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְגִינָה (H5058) 'and'.
מִזְמ֖וֹרpsalmN c · מִזְמוֹר (H4210)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְמוֹר (H4210) 'psalm'.
לְאָסָ֣ףAsaphprep + N proper · אָסָף (H623)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָסָף (H623) 'Asaph'.
שִֽׁירa songN c · שִׁירָה (H7892)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁירָה (H7892) 'a song'.
2
נוֹדָ֣ע בִּֽיהוּדָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֑ים בְּ֝יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל גָּד֥וֹל שְׁמֽוֹ
It is known Judah God in Israel great his name.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
נוֹדָ֣עit is knownN · יָדַע (H3045)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָדַע (H3045) 'it is known'.
בִּֽיהוּדָ֣הJudahprep + N proper · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
אֱלֹהִ֑יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
בְּ֝יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'in Israel'.
גָּד֥וֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
שְׁמֽוֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
3
וַיְהִ֣י בְשָׁלֵ֣ם סֻכּ֑וֹ וּמְע֖וֹנָת֣וֹ בְצִיּֽוֹן
And it happened Salem covert a dwelling place Zion.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְהִ֣יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
בְשָׁלֵ֣םSalemprep + N proper · שָׁלֵם (H8004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלֵם (H8004) 'Salem'.
סֻכּ֑וֹcovertN c · סֹךְ (H5520)Construct chain (genitival)סֹךְ (H5520) 'covert'.
וּמְע֖וֹנָת֣וֹa dwelling placeconj וְ + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · מְעוֹנָה (H4585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְעוֹנָה (H4585) 'a dwelling place'.
בְצִיּֽוֹןZionprep + N proper · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
4
שָׁ֭מָּה שִׁבַּ֣ר רִשְׁפֵי קָ֑שֶׁת מָגֵ֬ן וְחֶ֖רֶב וּמִלְחָמָ֣ה סֶֽלָה
There broke plague a bow the shield of and sword war Selah.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'broke'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
שָׁ֭מָּהthereart + Sd · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
שִׁבַּ֣רbrokePiel perf 3ms · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַר (H7665) 'broke'.
רִשְׁפֵיplagueN c · רֶשֶׁף (H7565)Construct chain (genitival)רֶשֶׁף (H7565) 'plague'.
קָ֑שֶׁתa bowN c · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Construct chain (genitival)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'a bow'.
מָגֵ֬ןthe shield ofN c · מָגֵן (H4043)Construct chain (genitival)מָגֵן (H4043) 'the shield of'.
וְחֶ֖רֶבand swordconj וְ + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'and sword'.
וּמִלְחָמָ֣הwarconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
סֶֽלָהSelahparticle · סֶלָה (H5542)Particle or relational elementסֶלָה (H5542) 'Selah'.
5
נָ֭אוֹר אַתָּ֥ה אַדִּ֗יר מֵֽהַרְרֵי טָֽרֶף
To give light you waters. from the mountains of prey.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
נָ֭אוֹרto give lightN · אוֹר (H215)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹר (H215) 'to give light'.
אַתָּ֥הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
אַדִּ֗ירwaters.Adj · אַדִּיר (H117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַדִּיר (H117) 'waters.'.
מֵֽהַרְרֵיfrom the mountains ofprep + N com m pl constr · הָרָר (H2042)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָרָר (H2042) 'from the mountains of'.
טָֽרֶףpreyN c · טֶרֶף (H2964)Construct chain (genitival)טֶרֶף (H2964) 'prey'.
6
אֶשְׁתּוֹלְל֨וּ אַבִּ֣ירֵי לֵ֭ב נָמ֣וּ שְׁנָתָ֑ם וְלֹא מָצְא֖וּ כָל אַנְשֵׁי חַ֣יִל יְדֵיהֶֽם
To his mighty ones the heart of sleep from his sleep and not they found all the men of ability their hands.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אֶשְׁתּוֹלְל֨וּtoHithpolel perf 3cp · שָׁלַל (H7997)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַל (H7997) 'to'.
אַבִּ֣ירֵיhis mighty onesAdj · אַבִּיר (H47)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַבִּיר (H47) 'his mighty ones'.
לֵ֭בthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
נָמ֣וּsleepQal perf 3cp · נוּם (H5123)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּם (H5123) 'sleep'.
שְׁנָתָ֑םfrom his sleepN c · שֵׁנָה (H8142)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁנָה (H8142) 'from his sleep'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
מָצְא֖וּthey foundQal perf 3cp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'they found'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אַנְשֵׁיthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
חַ֣יִלabilityN c · חַיִל (H2428)Construct chain (genitival)חַיִל (H2428) 'ability'.
יְדֵיהֶֽםtheir handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'their hands'.
7
מִ֭גַּעֲרָ֣תְךָ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב נִ֝רְדָּ֗ם וְרֶ֣כֶב וָסֽוּס
In the God of Jacob was fast asleep and chariot and horses.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מִ֭גַּעֲרָ֣תְךָinprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · גְּעָרָה (H1606)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּעָרָה (H1606) 'in'.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יַעֲקֹ֑בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
נִ֝רְדָּ֗םwas fast asleepN · רָדַם (H7290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָדַם (H7290) 'was fast asleep'.
וְרֶ֣כֶבand chariotconj וְ + N com m sg abs · רֶכֶב (H7393)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶכֶב (H7393) 'and chariot'.
וָסֽוּסand horsesconj וְ + N com m sg abs · סוּס (H5483)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סוּס (H5483) 'and horses'.
8
אַתָּ֤ה נ֥וֹרָא אַ֗תָּה וּמִֽי יַעֲמֹ֥ד לְפָנֶ֗יךָ מֵאָ֥ז אַפֶּֽךָ
You awesome you and who shall stand before you since your anger.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall stand'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַתָּ֤הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
נ֥וֹרָאawesomeN · יָרֵא (H3372)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵא (H3372) 'awesome'.
אַ֗תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
וּמִֽיand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
יַעֲמֹ֥דshall standQal impf 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָמַד (H5975) 'shall stand'.
לְפָנֶ֗יךָbefore youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before you'.
מֵאָ֥זsinceprep + art · אָז (H227)Particle or relational elementאָז (H227) 'since'.
אַפֶּֽךָyour angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'your anger'.
9
מִ֭שָּׁמַיִם הִשְׁמַ֣עְתָּ דִּ֑ין אֶ֖רֶץ יָֽרְאָ֣ה וְשָׁקָֽטָה
The heavens and he heard a plea the land of she was afraid and it had rest.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מִ֭שָּׁמַיִםthe heavensprep + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
הִשְׁמַ֣עְתָּand he heardHiphil perf 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
דִּ֑יןa pleaN c · דִּין (H1779)Construct chain (genitival)דִּין (H1779) 'a plea'.
אֶ֖רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
יָֽרְאָ֣הshe was afraidQal perf 3fs · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרֵא (H3372) 'she was afraid'.
וְשָׁקָֽטָהand it had restconj וְ + Qal perf 3fs · שָׁקַט (H8252)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁקַט (H8252) 'and it had rest'.
10
בְּקוּם לַמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט אֱלֹהִ֑ים לְהוֹשִׁ֖יעַ כָּל עַנְוֵי אֶ֣רֶץ סֶֽלָה
And he arose for judgment God to save all humble (ketiv) the land of Selah.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בְּקוּםand he aroseprep + Qal inf constr · קוּם (H6965)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
לַמִּשְׁפָּ֥טfor judgmentprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'for judgment'.
אֱלֹהִ֑יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
לְהוֹשִׁ֖יעַto saveprep + Hiphil inf constr · יָשַׁע (H3467)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁע (H3467) 'to save'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עַנְוֵיhumble (ketiv)Adj · עָנָו/עָנִי (H6035)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנָו/עָנִי (H6035) 'humble (ketiv)'.
אֶ֣רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
סֶֽלָהSelahparticle · סֶלָה (H5542)Particle or relational elementסֶלָה (H5542) 'Selah'.
11
כִּֽי חֲמַ֣ת אָדָ֣ם תּוֹדֶ֑ךָּ שְׁאֵרִ֖ית חֵמֹ֣ת תַּחְגֹּֽר
For the venom of man I will praise a remnant the venom of girded.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will praise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
חֲמַ֣תthe venom ofN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'the venom of'.
אָדָ֣םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
תּוֹדֶ֑ךָּI will praiseHiphil impf 3fs + sfx 2ms · יָדָה (H3034)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדָה (H3034) 'I will praise'.
שְׁאֵרִ֖יתa remnantN c · שְׁאֵרִית (H7611)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁאֵרִית (H7611) 'a remnant'.
חֵמֹ֣תthe venom ofN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'the venom of'.
תַּחְגֹּֽרgirdedQal impf 2ms · חָגַר (H2296)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָגַר (H2296) 'girded'.
12
נִֽדֲר֣וּ וְשַׁלְּמוּ֮ לַיהוָ֪ה אֱֽלֹהֵ֫יכֶ֥ם כָּל סְבִיבָ֑יו יוֹבִ֥ילוּ שַׁ֝֗י לַמּוֹרָֽא
You vow he shall pay to YHWH your God all all around bring present and the fear of you.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'you vow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
נִֽדֲר֣וּyou vowQal impv 2mp · נָדַר (H5087)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָדַר (H5087) 'you vow'.
וְשַׁלְּמוּ֮he shall payconj וְ + Piel impv 2mp · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
לַיהוָ֪הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
אֱֽלֹהֵ֫יכֶ֥םyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
סְבִיבָ֑יוall aroundN c · סָבִיב (H5439)Construct chain (genitival)סָבִיב (H5439) 'all around'.
יוֹבִ֥ילוּbringHiphil impf 3mp · יָבַל (H2986)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבַל (H2986) 'bring'.
שַׁ֝֗יpresentN c · שַׁי (H7862)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁי (H7862) 'present'.
לַמּוֹרָֽאand the fear of youprep + art + N com m sg abs · מוֹרָא (H4172)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹרָא (H4172) 'and the fear of you'.
13
יִ֭בְצֹר ר֣וּחַ נְגִידִ֑ים נ֝וֹרָ֗א לְמַלְכֵי אָֽרֶץ
Will be withheld a spirit of to awesome king of the land of.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'will be withheld'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יִ֭בְצֹרwill be withheldQal impf 3ms · בָּצוּר (H1219)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּצוּר (H1219) 'will be withheld'.
ר֣וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
נְגִידִ֑יםtoN c · נָגִיד (H5057)Construct chain (genitival)נָגִיד (H5057) 'to'.
נ֝וֹרָ֗אawesomeN · יָרֵא (H3372)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵא (H3372) 'awesome'.
לְמַלְכֵיking ofprep + N com m pl constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.