Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Psalms, Chapter 74תהלים 74

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Psalms 74 (23 verses in the MT) opens: [Maschil of Asaph.] O God, why have you cast off for ever? does your anger smoke against the sheep of your pasture? The middle of the chapter continues: For God my King of old, working salvation in the midst of the earth. It closes: Forget not the voice of your enemies: the tumult of those that rise up against you increaseth continually.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Psalms 74 comprises 23 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — [Maschil of Asaph. [Maschil of Asaph.] O God, why have you cast off for ever? does your anger smoke against the sheep of your pasture? Remember your congregation, you have purchased of old; the rod of your inheritance, you have redeemed; this mount Zion, wherein you have dwelt. Lift up your feet to the perpetual desolations; all the enemy has done wickedly in the sanctuary.. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — But now they break down the carved work thereof at once with axes and ha. But now they break down the carved work thereof at once with axes and hammers. They have cast fire into your sanctuary, they have defiled the dwelling place of your name to the ground. They said in their hearts, Let us destroy them together: they have burned up all the synagogues of God in the land. We see not our signs: no more any prophet: neither among. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — Why withdrawest you your hand, even your right hand? pluck out of your b. Why withdrawest you your hand, even your right hand? pluck out of your bosom. For God my King of old, working salvation in the midst of the earth. You didst divide the sea by your strength: you brakest the heads of the dragons in the waters. You brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces, gavest him meat to the people inhabiting the wilderness. You didst. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — The day your, the night also your: you have prepared the light and the s. The day your, the night also your: you have prepared the light and the sun. You have set all the borders of the earth: you have made summer and winter. Remember this, the enemy has reproached, O YHWH, and the foolish people have blasphemed your name. O deliver not the soul of your turtledove to the multitude : forget not the congregation of your poor for. Movement V (vv. 21-23) — O let not the oppressed return ashamed: let the poor and needy praise yo. O let not the oppressed return ashamed: let the poor and needy praise your name. Arise, O God, plead your own cause: remember how the foolish man reproacheth you daily. Forget not the voice of your enemies: the tumult of those that rise up against you increaseth continually. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

מַשְׂכִּ֗יל לְאָ֫סָ֥ף לָמָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים זָנַ֣חְתָּ לָנֶ֑צַח יֶעְשַׁ֥ן אַ֝פְּךָ֗ בְּצֹ֣אן מַרְעִיתֶֽךָ

[Maschil of Asaph.] O God, why have you cast off for ever? does your anger smoke against the sheep of your pasture?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
מַשְׂכִּ֗ילMaschilN c · מַשְׂכִּיל (H4905)Construct chain (genitival)מַשְׂכִּיל (H4905) 'Maschil'.
לְאָ֫סָ֥ףAsaphprep + N proper · אָסָף (H623)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָסָף (H623) 'Asaph'.
לָמָ֣הwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
אֱ֭לֹהִיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
זָנַ֣חְתָּandQal perf 2ms · זָנַח (H2186)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָנַח (H2186) 'and'.
לָנֶ֑צַחalwayprep + N com m sg abs · נֶצַח (H5331)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
יֶעְשַׁ֥ןwill smokeQal impf 3ms · עָשַׁן (H6225)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשַׁן (H6225) 'will smoke'.
אַ֝פְּךָ֗your angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'your anger'.
בְּצֹ֣אןin the flock ofprep + N com c sg constr · צֹאן (H6629)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֹאן (H6629) 'in the flock of'.
מַרְעִיתֶֽךָflockN c · מִרְעִית (H4830)Construct chain (genitival)מִרְעִית (H4830) 'flock'.
2

זְכֹ֤ר עֲדָתְךָ֨ קָ֘נִ֤יתָ קֶּ֗דֶם גָּ֭אַלְתָּ שֵׁ֣בֶט נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ הַר צִ֝יּ֗וֹן זֶ֤ה שָׁכַ֬נְתָּ בּֽוֹ

Remember your congregation, you have purchased of old; the rod of your inheritance, you have redeemed; this mount Zion, wherein you have dwelt.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'Remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
זְכֹ֤רRememberQal impv 2ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
עֲדָתְךָ֨your companyN c · עֵדָה (H5712)Construct chain (genitival)עֵדָה (H5712) 'your company'.
קָ֘נִ֤יתָyou acquired/purchased.Qal perf 2ms · קָנָה (H7069)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָנָה (H7069) 'you acquired/purchased.'.
קֶּ֗דֶםthe eastN c · קֶדֶם (H6924)Construct chain (genitival)קֶדֶם (H6924) 'the east'.
גָּ֭אַלְתָּyou redeemed;Qal perf 2ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּאַל (H1350) 'you redeemed;'.
שֵׁ֣בֶטthe tribe ofN c · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'the tribe of'.
נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָyour inheritance,N c · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Construct chain (genitival)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'your inheritance,'.
הַרMountN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'Mount'.
צִ֝יּ֗וֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
זֶ֤הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
שָׁכַ֬נְתָּto make dwellQal perf 2ms · שָׁכַן (H7931)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to make dwell'.
בּֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
3

הָרִ֣ימָה פְ֭עָמֶיךָ לְמַשֻּׁא֣וֹת נֶ֑צַח כָּל הֵרַ֖ע אוֹיֵ֣ב בַּקֹּֽדֶשׁ

Lift up your feet to the perpetual desolations; all the enemy has done wickedly in the sanctuary.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and tall'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הָרִ֣ימָהand tallHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
פְ֭עָמֶיךָtimesN c · פַּעַם (H6471)Construct chain (genitival)פַּעַם (H6471) 'times'.
לְמַשֻּׁא֣וֹתtoprep + N com f pl constr · מַשּׁוּאָה (H4876)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַשּׁוּאָה (H4876) 'to'.
נֶ֑צַחalwayN c · נֶצַח (H5331)Construct chain (genitival)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הֵרַ֖עhe has done evilHiphil perf 3ms · רָעַע (H7489)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָעַע (H7489) 'he has done evil'.
אוֹיֵ֣בthe enemyQal ptc ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'the enemy'.
בַּקֹּֽדֶשׁin the holy placeprep + art + N com m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'in the holy place'.
4

שָׁאֲג֣וּ צֹ֭רְרֶיךָ בְּקֶ֣רֶב מוֹעֲדֶ֑ךָ שָׂ֖מוּ אוֹתֹתָ֣ם אֹתֽוֹת

Your enemies roar in the midst of your congregations; they set up their ensigns signs.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'roar'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שָׁאֲג֣וּroarQal perf 3cp · שָׁאַג (H7580)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁאַג (H7580) 'roar'.
צֹ֭רְרֶיךָyour adversariesQal ptc mp + sfx 2ms · צָרַר (H6887)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַר (H6887) 'your adversaries'.
בְּקֶ֣רֶבin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in the midst of'.
מוֹעֲדֶ֑ךָmeetingN c · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹעֵד (H4150) 'meeting'.
שָׂ֖מוּhad setQal perf 3cp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'had set'.
אוֹתֹתָ֣םthe signsN c · אוֹת (H226)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹת (H226) 'the signs'.
אֹתֽוֹתthe signsN c · אוֹת (H226)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹת (H226) 'the signs'.
5

יִ֭וָּדַע כְּמֵבִ֣יא לְמָ֑עְלָה בִּֽסֲבָךְ עֵ֝֗ץ קַרְדֻּמּֽוֹת

was famous according as he had lifted up axes upon the thick trees.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and they came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יִ֭וָּדַעshall it be knownN · יָדַע (H3045)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָדַע (H3045) 'shall it be known'.
כְּמֵבִ֣יאand they cameprep + Hiphil ptc ms · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
לְמָ֑עְלָהupwardprep + art + Sd · מַעְלָה (H4605)Particle or relational elementמַעְלָה (H4605) 'upward'.
בִּֽסֲבָךְin the thicketprep + N com m sg constr · סְבַךְ (H5442)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סְבַךְ (H5442) 'in the thicket'.
עֵ֝֗ץwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
קַרְדֻּמּֽוֹתaxesN c · קַרְדֹּם (H7134)Construct chain (genitival)קַרְדֹּם (H7134) 'axes'.
6

ועת וְ֭עַתָּה פִּתּוּחֶ֣יהָ יָּ֑חַד בְּכַשִּׁ֥יל וְ֝כֵֽילַפֹּ֗ת יַהֲלֹמֽוּן

But now they break down the carved work thereof at once with axes and hammers.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'hammered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ועתand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
וְ֭עַתָּהand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
פִּתּוּחֶ֣יהָengravings ofN c · פִּתּוּחַ (H6603)Construct chain (genitival)פִּתּוּחַ (H6603) 'engravings of'.
יָּ֑חַדtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
בְּכַשִּׁ֥ילinprep + N com m sg abs · כַּשִּׁיל (H3781)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּשִּׁיל (H3781) 'in'.
וְ֝כֵֽילַפֹּ֗תandconj וְ + N com f pl abs · כֵּילַף (H3597)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֵּילַף (H3597) 'and'.
יַהֲלֹמֽוּןhammeredQal impf 3mp + Sn · הָלַם (H1986)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַם (H1986) 'hammered'.
7

שִׁלְח֣וּ בָ֭אֵשׁ מִקְדָּשֶׁ֑ךָ לָ֝אָ֗רֶץ חִלְּל֥וּ מִֽשְׁכַּן שְׁמֶֽךָ

They have cast fire into your sanctuary, they have defiled the dwelling place of your name to the ground.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'sent him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שִׁלְח֣וּsent himPiel perf 3cp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'sent him'.
בָ֭אֵשׁwith fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'with fire'.
מִקְדָּשֶׁ֑ךָthe sanctuaryN c · מִקְדָּשׁ (H4720)Construct chain (genitival)מִקְדָּשׁ (H4720) 'the sanctuary'.
לָ֝אָ֗רֶץfor the landprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'for the land'.
חִלְּל֥וּput it to usePiel perf 3cp · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַל (H2490) 'put it to use'.
מִֽשְׁכַּןthe tabernacle ofN c · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'the tabernacle of'.
שְׁמֶֽךָyour nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'your name'.
8

אָמְר֣וּ בְ֭לִבָּם נִינָ֣ם יָ֑חַד שָׂרְפ֖וּ כָל מוֹעֲדֵי אֵ֣ל בָּאָֽרֶץ

They said in their hearts, Let us destroy them together: they have burned up all the synagogues of God in the land.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אָמְר֣וּthey saidQal perf 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'they said'.
בְ֭לִבָּםhis heartprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
נִינָ֣םyou shall wrongN c · יָנָה (H3238)Construct chain (genitival)יָנָה (H3238) 'you shall wrong'.
יָ֑חַדtogetherN c · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Construct chain (genitival)יַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
שָׂרְפ֖וּthey burnedQal perf 3cp · שָׂרַף (H8313)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂרַף (H8313) 'they burned'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מוֹעֲדֵיthe appointed times ofN c · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹעֵד (H4150) 'the appointed times of'.
אֵ֣לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
בָּאָֽרֶץin the land ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
9

אֽוֹתֹתֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֥א רָ֫אִ֥ינוּ אֵֽין ע֥וֹד נָבִ֑יא וְלֹֽא אִ֝תָּ֗נוּ יֹדֵ֥עַ עַד מָֽה

We see not our signs: no more any prophet: neither among us any that knoweth how long.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'we saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אֽוֹתֹתֵ֗ינוּthe signsN c · אוֹת (H226)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹת (H226) 'the signs'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
רָ֫אִ֥ינוּwe sawQal perf 1cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'we saw'.
אֵֽיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
ע֥וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
נָבִ֑יאa prophetN c · נָבִיא (H5030)Construct chain (genitival)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אִ֝תָּ֗נוּwith usprep + sfx 1cp · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with us'.
יֹדֵ֥עַhe knewQal ptc ms · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
מָֽהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
10

עַד מָתַ֣י אֱ֭לֹהִים יְחָ֣רֶף צָ֑ר יְנָ֘אֵ֤ץ אוֹיֵ֖ב שִׁמְךָ֣ לָנֶֽצַח

O God, how long shall the adversary reproach? shall the enemy blaspheme your name for ever?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'that scorned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
מָתַ֣יwheninterrog. · מָתַי (H4970)Particle or relational elementמָתַי (H4970) 'when'.
אֱ֭לֹהִיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
יְחָ֣רֶףthat scornedPiel impf 3ms · חָרַף (H2778)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַף (H2778) 'that scorned'.
צָ֑רnarrowN c · צַר (H6862)Construct chain (genitival)צַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
יְנָ֘אֵ֤ץhave despisedPiel impf 3ms · נָאַץ (H5006)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָאַץ (H5006) 'have despised'.
אוֹיֵ֖בthe enemyQal ptc ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'the enemy'.
שִׁמְךָ֣your nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'your name'.
לָנֶֽצַחalwayprep + N com m sg abs · נֶצַח (H5331)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
11

לָ֤מָּה תָשִׁ֣יב יָ֭דְךָ וִֽימִינֶ֑ךָ מִקֶּ֖רֶב חוקך חֵֽיקְךָ֣ כַלֵּֽה

Why withdrawest you your hand, even your right hand? pluck out of your bosom.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall return'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לָ֤מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
תָשִׁ֣יבyou shall returnHiphil impf 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'you shall return'.
יָ֭דְךָyour handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hand'.
וִֽימִינֶ֑ךָthe rightconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · יָמִין (H3225)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָמִין (H3225) 'the right'.
מִקֶּ֖רֶבfrom the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'from the midst of'.
חוקךthe statutesN c · חֹק (H2706)Construct chain (genitival)חֹק (H2706) 'the statutes'.
חֵֽיקְךָ֣your bosomN c · חֵיק (H2436)Construct chain (genitival)חֵיק (H2436) 'your bosom'.
כַלֵּֽהhe finishedPiel impv 2ms · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeכָּלָה (H3615) 'he finished'.
12

וֵ֭אלֹהִים מַלְכִּ֣י מִקֶּ֑דֶם פֹּעֵ֥ל יְ֝שׁוּע֗וֹת בְּקֶ֣רֶב הָאָֽרֶץ

For God my King of old, working salvation in the midst of the earth.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וֵ֭אלֹהִיםbut Godconj וְ + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'but God'.
מַלְכִּ֣יkings ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings of'.
מִקֶּ֑דֶםeast ofprep + N com m sg abs · קֶדֶם (H6924)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶדֶם (H6924) 'east of'.
פֹּעֵ֥לdidQal ptc ms · פָּעַל (H6466)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
יְ֝שׁוּע֗וֹתhis salvationN c · יְשׁוּעָה (H3444)Construct chain (genitival)יְשׁוּעָה (H3444) 'his salvation'.
בְּקֶ֣רֶבin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in the midst of'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
13

אַתָּ֤ה פוֹרַ֣רְתָּ בְעָזְּךָ֣ יָ֑ם שִׁבַּ֖רְתָּ רָאשֵׁ֥י תַ֝נִּינִ֗ים עַל הַמָּֽיִם

You didst divide the sea by your strength: you brakest the heads of the dragons in the waters.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he has broken'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אַתָּ֤הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
פוֹרַ֣רְתָּhe has brokenPoel perf 2ms · פָּרַר (H6565)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּרַר (H6565) 'he has broken'.
בְעָזְּךָ֣in your strengthprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · עֹז (H5797)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹז (H5797) 'in your strength'.
יָ֑םsea ofN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'sea of'.
שִׁבַּ֖רְתָּyou brokePiel perf 2ms · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַר (H7665) 'you broke'.
רָאשֵׁ֥יthe heads ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the heads of'.
תַ֝נִּינִ֗יםserpentsN c · תַּנִּין (H8577)Construct chain (genitival)תַּנִּין (H8577) 'serpents'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַמָּֽיִםthe watersart + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'the waters'.
14

אַתָּ֣ה רִ֭צַּצְתָּ רָאשֵׁ֣י לִוְיָתָ֑ן תִּתְּנֶ֥נּוּ מַ֝אֲכָ֗ל לְעָ֣ם לְצִיִּֽים

You brakest the heads of leviathan in pieces, gavest him meat to the people inhabiting the wilderness.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and crushed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
רִ֭צַּצְתָּand crushedPiel perf 2ms · רָצַץ (H7533)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָצַץ (H7533) 'and crushed'.
רָאשֵׁ֣יthe heads ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the heads of'.
לִוְיָתָ֑ןleviathanN c · לִוְיָתָן (H3882)Construct chain (genitival)לִוְיָתָן (H3882) 'leviathan'.
תִּתְּנֶ֥נּוּis givingQal impf 2ms + sfx 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
מַ֝אֲכָ֗לfoodN c · מַאֲכָל (H3978)Construct chain (genitival)מַאֲכָל (H3978) 'food'.
לְעָ֣םas a peopleprep + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'as a people'.
לְצִיִּֽיםtoprep + N com m pl abs · צִיִּי (H6728)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיִּי (H6728) 'to'.
15

אַתָּ֣ה בָ֭קַעְתָּ מַעְיָ֣ן וָנָ֑חַל אַתָּ֥ה ה֝וֹבַ֗שְׁתָּ נַהֲר֥וֹת אֵיתָֽן

You didst cleave the fountain and the flood: you driedst up mighty rivers.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and were divided'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
בָ֭קַעְתָּand were dividedQal perf 2ms · בָּקַע (H1234)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּקַע (H1234) 'and were divided'.
מַעְיָ֣ןthe spring ofN c · מַעְיָן (H4599)Construct chain (genitival)מַעְיָן (H4599) 'the spring of'.
וָנָ֑חַלthe brook ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · נַחַל (H5158)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַחַל (H5158) 'the brook of'.
אַתָּ֥הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
ה֝וֹבַ֗שְׁתָּwas dryHiphil perf 2ms · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
נַהֲר֥וֹתthe riverN c · נָהָר (H5104)Construct chain (genitival)נָהָר (H5104) 'the river'.
אֵיתָֽןever-flowingAdj · אֵיתָן (H386)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵיתָן (H386) 'ever-flowing'.
16

לְךָ֣ י֭וֹם אַף לְךָ֥ לָ֑יְלָה אַתָּ֥ה הֲ֝כִינ֗וֹתָ מָא֥וֹר וָשָֽׁמֶשׁ

The day your, the night also your: you have prepared the light and the sun.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'ready'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
לְךָ֣to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
י֭וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
אַףalsoparticle · אַף (H637)Particle or relational elementאַף (H637) 'also'.
לְךָ֥to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
לָ֑יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
אַתָּ֥הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
הֲ֝כִינ֗וֹתָreadyHiphil perf 2ms · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
מָא֥וֹרfor the lightN c · מָאוֹר (H3974)Construct chain (genitival)מָאוֹר (H3974) 'for the light'.
וָשָֽׁמֶשׁthe sunconj וְ + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
17

אַתָּ֣ה הִ֭צַּבְתָּ כָּל גְּבוּל֣וֹת אָ֑רֶץ קַ֥יִץ וָ֝חֹ֗רֶף אַתָּ֥ה יְצַרְתָּם

You have set all the borders of the earth: you have made summer and winter.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have set apart'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
הִ֭צַּבְתָּyou have set apartHiphil perf 2ms · נָצַב (H5324)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָצַב (H5324) 'you have set apart'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
גְּבוּל֣וֹתby its bordersN c · גְּבוּל (H1367)Construct chain (genitival)גְּבוּל (H1367) 'by its borders'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
קַ֥יִץand summerN c · קַיִץ (H7019)Construct chain (genitival)קַיִץ (H7019) 'and summer'.
וָ֝חֹ֗רֶףand winterconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חֹרֶף (H2779)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹרֶף (H2779) 'and winter'.
אַתָּ֥הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
יְצַרְתָּםformedQal perf 2ms + sfx 3mp · יָצַר (H3335)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
18

זְכָר זֹ֗את א֭וֹיֵב חֵרֵ֣ף יְהוָ֑ה וְעַ֥ם נָ֝בָ֗ל נִֽאֲצ֥וּ שְׁמֶֽךָ

Remember this, the enemy has reproached, O YHWH, and the foolish people have blasphemed your name.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'Remember'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
זְכָרRememberQal impv 2ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
זֹ֗אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
א֭וֹיֵבthe enemyQal ptc ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'the enemy'.
חֵרֵ֣ףthat scornedPiel perf 3ms · חָרַף (H2778)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרַף (H2778) 'that scorned'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְעַ֥םthe peopleconj וְ + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
נָ֝בָ֗לfoolishAdj · נָבָל (H5036)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5036) 'foolish'.
נִֽאֲצ֥וּhave despisedPiel perf 3cp · נָאַץ (H5006)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָאַץ (H5006) 'have despised'.
שְׁמֶֽךָyour nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'your name'.
19

אַל תִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭חַיַּת נֶ֣פֶשׁ תּוֹרֶ֑ךָ חַיַּ֥ת עֲ֝נִיֶּ֗יךָ אַל תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח לָנֶֽצַח

O deliver not the soul of your turtledove to the multitude : forget not the congregation of your poor for ever.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you shall give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּתֵּ֣ןyou shall giveQal jussive 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָתַן (H5414) 'you shall give'.
לְ֭חַיַּתaliveprep + N com f sg constr · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
נֶ֣פֶשׁa personN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'a person'.
תּוֹרֶ֑ךָturtledovesN c · תֹּר (H8449)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּר (H8449) 'turtledoves'.
חַיַּ֥תbeast ofN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'beast of'.
עֲ֝נִיֶּ֗יךָpoorAdj · עָנִי (H6041)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנִי (H6041) 'poor'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּשְׁכַּ֥חyou forgetQal jussive 2ms · שָׁכַח (H7911)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׁכַח (H7911) 'you forget'.
לָנֶֽצַחalwayprep + N com m sg abs · נֶצַח (H5331)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
20

הַבֵּ֥ט לַבְּרִ֑ית כִּ֥י מָלְא֥וּ מַחֲשַׁכֵּי אֶ֝֗רֶץ נְא֣וֹת חָמָֽס

Have respect to the covenant: for the dark places of the earth are full of the habitations of cruelty.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'look!'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הַבֵּ֥טlook!Hiphil impv 2ms · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָבַט (H5027) 'look!'.
לַבְּרִ֑יתas a covenantprep + art + N com f sg abs · בְּרִית (H1285)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּרִית (H1285) 'as a covenant'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מָלְא֥וּthey have fully followedQal perf 3cp · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלֵא (H4390) 'they have fully followed'.
מַחֲשַׁכֵּיinN c · מַחְשָׁךְ (H4285)Construct chain (genitival)מַחְשָׁךְ (H4285) 'in'.
אֶ֝֗רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
נְא֣וֹתhabitationN c · נָאָה (H4999)Construct chain (genitival)נָאָה (H4999) 'habitation'.
חָמָֽסviolenceN c · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
21

אַל יָשֹׁ֣ב דַּ֣ךְ נִכְלָ֑ם עָנִ֥י וְ֝אֶבְי֗וֹן יְֽהַלְל֥וּ שְׁמֶֽךָ

O let not the oppressed return ashamed: let the poor and needy praise your name.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'and they returned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
יָשֹׁ֣בand they returnedQal jussive 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and they returned'.
דַּ֣ךְafflictedAdj · דַּךְ (H1790)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּךְ (H1790) 'afflicted'.
נִכְלָ֑םyou have humiliated meN · כָּלַם (H3637)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּלַם (H3637) 'you have humiliated me'.
עָנִ֥יpoorAdj · עָנִי (H6041)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנִי (H6041) 'poor'.
וְ֝אֶבְי֗וֹןand needyconj וְ + Adj · אֶבְיוֹן (H34)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבְיוֹן (H34) 'and needy'.
יְֽהַלְל֥וּand they praisedPiel impf 3mp · הָלַל (H1984)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
שְׁמֶֽךָyour nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'your name'.
22

קוּמָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים רִיבָ֣ה רִיבֶ֑ךָ זְכֹ֥ר חֶרְפָּתְךָ֥ מִנִּי נָ֝בָ֗ל כָּל הַיּֽוֹם

Arise, O God, plead your own cause: remember how the foolish man reproacheth you daily.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'Arise!'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
קוּמָ֣הArise!Qal impv 2ms + Sh · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקוּם (H6965) 'Arise!'.
אֱ֭לֹהִיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
רִיבָ֣הand quarreledQal impv 2ms + Sh · רִיב (H7378)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרִיב (H7378) 'and quarreled'.
רִיבֶ֑ךָdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
זְכֹ֥רRememberQal impv 2ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
חֶרְפָּתְךָ֥a reproachN c · חֶרְפָּה (H2781)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרְפָּה (H2781) 'a reproach'.
מִנִּיfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
נָ֝בָ֗לfoolishAdj · נָבָל (H5036)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבָל (H5036) 'foolish'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַיּֽוֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
23

אַל תִּ֭שְׁכַּח ק֣וֹל צֹרְרֶ֑יךָ שְׁא֥וֹן קָ֝מֶ֗יךָ עֹלֶ֥ה תָמִֽיד

Forget not the voice of your enemies: the tumult of those that rise up against you increaseth continually.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'you forget'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּ֭שְׁכַּחyou forgetQal jussive 2ms · שָׁכַח (H7911)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalשָׁכַח (H7911) 'you forget'.
ק֣וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
צֹרְרֶ֑יךָyour adversariesQal ptc mp + sfx 2ms · צָרַר (H6887)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַר (H6887) 'your adversaries'.
שְׁא֥וֹןhorribleN c · שָׁאוֹן (H7588)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁאוֹן (H7588) 'horrible'.
קָ֝מֶ֗יךָthose who rise up against you;Qal ptc mp + sfx 2ms · קוּם (H6965)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקוּם (H6965) 'those who rise up against you;'.
עֹלֶ֥הgo upQal ptc ms · עָלָה (H5927)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָלָה (H5927) 'go up'.
תָמִֽידcontinuallyN c · תָּמִיד (H8548)Construct chain (genitival)תָּמִיד (H8548) 'continually'.