Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Psalms, Chapter 55תהלים 55

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Psalms 55 (24 verses in the MT) opens: Excel and Maschil to. The middle of the chapter continues: For not the enemy that scorned and I carried not hating against me and he grew I will hide from it. It closes: And you God and went down to the well from the men of bloodguilt with deceit not and divided today and I trusting among you.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Psalms 55 comprises 24 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — Excel and Maschil to. Excel and Maschil to. Give ear God prayer and do not and it is hidden mercy. To to me and answered you grow restless babbling and. From the sound of the enemy because of oppression the wicked for shall slip against me iniquity the anger of and he hated. My heart and be in anguish in my midst terror the death of have fallen against me. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — Fear of trembling; shall enter against me that covers fearfulness. Fear of trembling; shall enter against me that covers fearfulness. And I said who would give to me pinion the dove and exhausted to make dwell. Behold far off and fled and they lodged in the wilderness Selah. And hastens escape to me a spirit of storm in. And it swallowed my Lord was divided by their languages for I have seen violence dispute in the city. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — By day and night and they marched around on the city-wall in mourning tr. By day and night and they marched around on the city-wall in mourning trouble within herself. Calamity within herself and not he removed/it departed in the square deceit with deceit. For not the enemy that scorned and I carried not hating against me and he grew I will hide from it. And you from mankind your valuation chiefs of and my close friends. That. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — Let death seize deceived me the death of on went down Sheol alive for ev. Let death seize deceived me the death of on went down Sheol alive for evils their sojournings in their midst. I to God I proclaim and YHWH one to save. Evening and in the morning at noon recount clamorous and he heard my voice. Surely redeem in peace my soul in to me for many were with me. Will listen/obey God and you shall afflict and he dwelt the east. Movement V (vv. 21-24) — Let go his hands peace he has profaned his covenant. Let go his hands peace he has profaned his covenant. Had divided than butter his word in his heart let it be soft his words from the oil of now they drawn sword. And he threw [it] on YHWH burden and he and I will provide not would give forever shall slip righteous. And you God and went down to the well from the men of bloodguilt with deceit not and divided. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ בִּנְגִינֹ֗ת מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְדָוִֽד

Excel and Maschil to.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'excel'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַexcelprep + art + Piel ptc ms · נָצַח (H5329)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַח (H5329) 'excel'.
בִּנְגִינֹ֗תandprep + N com f pl abs · נְגִינָה (H5058)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְגִינָה (H5058) 'and'.
מַשְׂכִּ֥ילMaschilN c · מַשְׂכִּיל (H4905)Construct chain (genitival)מַשְׂכִּיל (H4905) 'Maschil'.
לְדָוִֽדtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
2

הַאֲזִ֣ינָה אֱ֭לֹהִים תְּפִלָּתִ֑י וְאַל תִּ֝תְעַלַּ֗ם מִתְּחִנָּתִֽי

Give ear God prayer and do not and it is hidden mercy.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'give ear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הַאֲזִ֣ינָהgive earHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · אָזַן (H238)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָזַן (H238) 'give ear'.
אֱ֭לֹהִיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
תְּפִלָּתִ֑יprayerN c · תְּפִלָּה (H8605)Construct chain (genitival)תְּפִלָּה (H8605) 'prayer'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תִּ֝תְעַלַּ֗םand it is hiddenHithpael jussive 2ms · עָלַם (H5956)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָלַם (H5956) 'and it is hidden'.
מִתְּחִנָּתִֽיmercyprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · תְּחִנָּה (H8467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּחִנָּה (H8467) 'mercy'.
3

הַקְשִׁ֣יבָה לִּ֣י וַעֲנֵ֑נִי אָרִ֖יד בְּשִׂיחִ֣י וְאָהִֽימָה

To to me and answered you grow restless babbling and.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'to'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הַקְשִׁ֣יבָהtoHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · קָשַׁב (H7181)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָשַׁב (H7181) 'to'.
לִּ֣יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
וַעֲנֵ֑נִיand answeredconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
אָרִ֖ידyou grow restlessHiphil impf 1cs · רוּד (H7300)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּד (H7300) 'you grow restless'.
בְּשִׂיחִ֣יbabblingprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · שִׂיחַ (H7879)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׂיחַ (H7879) 'babbling'.
וְאָהִֽימָהandconj וְ + Hiphil cohortative 1cs · הוּם (H1949)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalהוּם (H1949) 'and'.
4

מִקּ֤וֹל אוֹיֵ֗ב מִפְּנֵ֣י עָקַ֣ת רָשָׁ֑ע כִּי יָמִ֥יטוּ עָלַ֥י אָ֝֗וֶן וּבְאַ֥ף יִשְׂטְמֽוּנִי

From the sound of the enemy because of oppression the wicked for shall slip against me iniquity the anger of and he hated.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the enemy'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
מִקּ֤וֹלfrom the sound ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'from the sound of'.
אוֹיֵ֗בthe enemyQal ptc ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'the enemy'.
מִפְּנֵ֣יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
עָקַ֣תoppressionN c · עָקָה (H6125)Construct chain (genitival)עָקָה (H6125) 'oppression'.
רָשָׁ֑עthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָמִ֥יטוּshall slipHiphil impf 3mp · מוֹט (H4131)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוֹט (H4131) 'shall slip'.
עָלַ֥יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
אָ֝֗וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
וּבְאַ֥ףthe anger ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
יִשְׂטְמֽוּנִיand he hatedQal impf 3mp + sfx 1cs · שָׂטַם (H7852)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂטַם (H7852) 'and he hated'.
5

לִ֭בִּי יָחִ֣יל בְּקִרְבִּ֑י וְאֵימ֥וֹת מָ֝֗וֶת נָפְל֥וּ עָלָֽי

My heart and be in anguish in my midst terror the death of have fallen against me.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and be in anguish'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לִ֭בִּיmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
יָחִ֣ילand be in anguishQal impf 3ms · חוּל (H2342)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחוּל (H2342) 'and be in anguish'.
בְּקִרְבִּ֑יin my midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in my midst'.
וְאֵימ֥וֹתterrorconj וְ + N com f pl constr · אֵימָה (H367)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵימָה (H367) 'terror'.
מָ֝֗וֶתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
נָפְל֥וּhave fallenQal perf 3cp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַל (H5307) 'have fallen'.
עָלָֽיagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
6

יִרְאָ֣ה וָ֭רַעַד יָ֣בֹא בִ֑י וַ֝תְּכַסֵּ֗נִי פַּלָּצֽוּת

Fear of trembling; shall enter against me that covers fearfulness.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall enter'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יִרְאָ֣הfear ofN c · יִרְאָה (H3374)Construct chain (genitival)יִרְאָה (H3374) 'fear of'.
וָ֭רַעַדtrembling;conj וְ + N com m sg abs · רַעַד (H7461)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַעַד (H7461) 'trembling;'.
יָ֣בֹאshall enterQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'shall enter'.
בִ֑יagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
וַ֝תְּכַסֵּ֗נִיthat coversconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3fs + sfx 1cs · כָּסָה (H3680)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּסָה (H3680) 'that covers'.
פַּלָּצֽוּתfearfulnessN c · פַּלָּצוּת (H6427)Construct chain (genitival)פַּלָּצוּת (H6427) 'fearfulness'.
7

וָאֹמַ֗ר מִֽי יִתֶּן לִּ֣י אֵ֭בֶר כַּיּוֹנָ֗ה אָע֥וּפָה וְאֶשְׁכֹּֽנָה

And I said who would give to me pinion the dove and exhausted to make dwell.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וָאֹמַ֗רand I saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יִתֶּןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
לִּ֣יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
אֵ֭בֶרpinionN c · אֵבֶר (H83)Construct chain (genitival)אֵבֶר (H83) 'pinion'.
כַּיּוֹנָ֗הthe doveprep + art + N com f sg abs · יוֹנָה (H3123)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָה (H3123) 'the dove'.
אָע֥וּפָהand exhaustedQal cohortative 1cs · עוּף (H5774)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalעוּף (H5774) 'and exhausted'.
וְאֶשְׁכֹּֽנָהto make dwellconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · שָׁכַן (H7931)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to make dwell'.
8

הִ֭נֵּה אַרְחִ֣יק נְדֹ֑ד אָלִ֖ין בַּמִּדְבָּ֣ר סֶֽלָה

Behold far off and fled and they lodged in the wilderness Selah.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'far off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הִ֭נֵּהbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
אַרְחִ֣יקfar offHiphil impf 1cs · רָחַק (H7368)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָחַק (H7368) 'far off'.
נְדֹ֑דand fledQal inf constr · נָדַד (H5074)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָדַד (H5074) 'and fled'.
אָלִ֖יןand they lodgedQal impf 1cs · לוּן (H3885)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלוּן (H3885) 'and they lodged'.
בַּמִּדְבָּ֣רin the wildernessprep + art + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'in the wilderness'.
סֶֽלָהSelahparticle · סֶלָה (H5542)Particle or relational elementסֶלָה (H5542) 'Selah'.
9

אָחִ֣ישָׁה מִפְלָ֣ט לִ֑י מֵר֖וּחַ סֹעָ֣ה מִסָּֽעַר

And hastens escape to me a spirit of storm in.

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'and hastens'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אָחִ֣ישָׁהand hastensHiphil cohortative 1cs · חוּשׁ (H2363)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalחוּשׁ (H2363) 'and hastens'.
מִפְלָ֣טescapeN c · מִפְלָט (H4655)Construct chain (genitival)מִפְלָט (H4655) 'escape'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
מֵר֖וּחַa spirit ofprep + N com c sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
סֹעָ֣הstormQal ptc fs · סָעָה (H5584)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָעָה (H5584) 'storm'.
מִסָּֽעַרinprep + N com m sg abs · סַעַר (H5591)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סַעַר (H5591) 'in'.
10

בַּלַּ֣ע אֲ֭דֹנָי פַּלַּ֣ג לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם כִּֽי רָאִ֨יתִי חָמָ֖ס וְרִ֣יב בָּעִֽיר

And it swallowed my Lord was divided by their languages for I have seen violence dispute in the city.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and it swallowed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בַּלַּ֣עand it swallowedPiel impv 2ms · בָּלַע (H1104)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבָּלַע (H1104) 'and it swallowed'.
אֲ֭דֹנָיmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
פַּלַּ֣גwas dividedPiel impv 2ms · פָּלַג (H6385)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּלַג (H6385) 'was divided'.
לְשׁוֹנָ֑םby their languagesN c · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Construct chain (genitival)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'by their languages'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
רָאִ֨יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
חָמָ֖סviolenceN c · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
וְרִ֣יבdisputeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · רִיב (H7379)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
בָּעִֽירin the cityprep + art + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'in the city'.
11

יוֹמָ֤ם וָלַ֗יְלָה יְסוֹבְבֻ֥הָ עַל חוֹמֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאָ֖וֶן וְעָמָ֣ל בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ

By day and night and they marched around on the city-wall in mourning trouble within herself.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they marched around'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
יוֹמָ֤םby dayart · יוֹמָם (H3119)Particle or relational elementיוֹמָם (H3119) 'by day'.
וָלַ֗יְלָהand nightconj וְ + N com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'and night'.
יְסוֹבְבֻ֥הָand they marched aroundPoel impf 3mp + sfx 3fs · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָבַב (H5437) 'and they marched around'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
חוֹמֹתֶ֑יהָthe city-wallN c · חוֹמָה (H2346)Construct chain (genitival)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'the city-wall'.
וְאָ֖וֶןin mourningconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אוֹן (H205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹן (H205) 'in mourning'.
וְעָמָ֣לtroubleconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עָמָל (H5999)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
בְּקִרְבָּֽהּwithin herselfprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'within herself'.
12

הַוּ֥וֹת בְּקִרְבָּ֑הּ וְֽלֹא יָמִ֥ישׁ מֵ֝רְחֹבָ֗הּ תֹּ֣ךְ וּמִרְמָֽה

Calamity within herself and not he removed/it departed in the square deceit with deceit.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he removed/it departed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הַוּ֥וֹתcalamityN c · הַוָּה (H1942)Construct chain (genitival)הַוָּה (H1942) 'calamity'.
בְּקִרְבָּ֑הּwithin herselfprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'within herself'.
וְֽלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָמִ֥ישׁhe removed/it departedQal impf 3ms · מוּשׁ (H4185)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּשׁ (H4185) 'he removed/it departed'.
מֵ֝רְחֹבָ֗הּin the squareprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3fs · רְחוֹב (H7339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְחוֹב (H7339) 'in the square'.
תֹּ֣ךְdeceitN c · תֹּךְ (H8496)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּךְ (H8496) 'deceit'.
וּמִרְמָֽהwith deceitconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מִרְמָה (H4820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִרְמָה (H4820) 'with deceit'.
13

כִּ֤י לֹֽא אוֹיֵ֥ב יְחָֽרְפֵ֗נִי וְאֶ֫שָּׂ֥א לֹֽא מְ֭שַׂנְאִי עָלַ֣י הִגְדִּ֑יל וְאֶסָּתֵ֥ר מִמֶּֽנּוּ

For not the enemy that scorned and I carried not hating against me and he grew I will hide from it.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the enemy'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אוֹיֵ֥בthe enemyQal ptc ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'the enemy'.
יְחָֽרְפֵ֗נִיthat scornedPiel impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · חָרַף (H2778)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַף (H2778) 'that scorned'.
וְאֶ֫שָּׂ֥אand I carriedconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and I carried'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
מְ֭שַׂנְאִיhatingPiel ptc ms + sfx 1cs · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
עָלַ֣יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
הִגְדִּ֑ילand he grewHiphil perf 3ms · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַל (H1431) 'and he grew'.
וְאֶסָּתֵ֥רI will hideconj וְ + Niphal impf 1cs · סָתַר (H5641)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָתַר (H5641) 'I will hide'.
מִמֶּֽנּוּfrom itprep + sfx 3ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
14

וְאַתָּ֣ה אֱנ֣וֹשׁ כְּעֶרְכִּ֑י אַ֝לּוּפִ֗י וּמְיֻדָּֽעִי

And you from mankind your valuation chiefs of and my close friends.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and my close friends'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וְאַתָּ֣הand youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
אֱנ֣וֹשׁfrom mankindN c · אֱנוֹשׁ (H582)Construct chain (genitival)אֱנוֹשׁ (H582) 'from mankind'.
כְּעֶרְכִּ֑יyour valuationprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · עֵרֶךְ (H6187)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵרֶךְ (H6187) 'your valuation'.
אַ֝לּוּפִ֗יchiefs ofN c · אַלּוּף (H441)Construct chain (genitival)אַלּוּף (H441) 'chiefs of'.
וּמְיֻדָּֽעִיand my close friendsconj וְ + Pual ptc ms + sfx 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'and my close friends'.
15

אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַ֭חְדָּו נַמְתִּ֣יק ס֑וֹד בְּבֵ֥ית אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים נְהַלֵּ֥ךְ בְּרָֽגֶשׁ

That together and were made sweet in their council in the house God went in.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and were made sweet'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יַ֭חְדָּוtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
נַמְתִּ֣יקand were made sweetHiphil impf 1cp · מָתַק (H4985)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָתַק (H4985) 'and were made sweet'.
ס֑וֹדin their councilN c · סוֹד (H5475)Construct chain (genitival)סוֹד (H5475) 'in their council'.
בְּבֵ֥יתin the houseprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'in the house'.
אֱ֝לֹהִ֗יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
נְהַלֵּ֥ךְwentPiel impf 1cp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
בְּרָֽגֶשׁinprep + N com m sg abs · רֶגֶשׁ (H7285)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶגֶשׁ (H7285) 'in'.
16

ישימות יַשִּׁ֤י מָ֨וֶת עָלֵ֗ימוֹ יֵרְד֣וּ שְׁא֣וֹל חַיִּ֑ים כִּֽי רָע֖וֹת בִּמְגוּרָ֣ם בְּקִרְבָּֽם

Let death seize deceived me the death of on went down Sheol alive for evils their sojournings in their midst.

Jussive — volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'deceived me'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ישימותlet death seizeN c · יְשִׁימַה (H3451)Construct chain (genitival)יְשִׁימַה (H3451) 'let death seize'.
יַשִּׁ֤יdeceived meHiphil jussive 3ms · נָשָׁא (H5377)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָשָׁא (H5377) 'deceived me'.
מָ֨וֶתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
עָלֵ֗ימוֹonprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יֵרְד֣וּwent downQal impf 3mp · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַד (H3381) 'went down'.
שְׁא֣וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
חַיִּ֑יםaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
רָע֖וֹתevilsN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evils'.
בִּמְגוּרָ֣םtheir sojourningsprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · מָגוֹר (H4033)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָגוֹר (H4033) 'their sojournings'.
בְּקִרְבָּֽםin their midstprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in their midst'.
17

אֲ֭נִי אֶל אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֶקְרָ֑א וַ֝יהוָ֗ה יוֹשִׁיעֵֽנִי

I to God I proclaim and YHWH one to save.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I proclaim'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֲ֭נִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֱלֹהִ֣יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
אֶקְרָ֑אI proclaimQal impf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'I proclaim'.
וַ֝יהוָ֗הand YHWHconj וְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'and YHWH'.
יוֹשִׁיעֵֽנִיone to saveHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
18

עֶ֤רֶב וָבֹ֣קֶר וְ֭צָהֳרַיִם אָשִׂ֣יחָה וְאֶהֱמֶ֑ה וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע קוֹלִֽי

Evening and in the morning at noon recount clamorous and he heard my voice.

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'recount'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עֶ֤רֶבeveningN c · עֶרֶב (H6153)Construct chain (genitival)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'.
וָבֹ֣קֶרand in the morningconj וְ + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'and in the morning'.
וְ֭צָהֳרַיִםat noonconj וְ + N com m pl abs · צָהֳרַיִם (H6672)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָהֳרַיִם (H6672) 'at noon'.
אָשִׂ֣יחָהrecountQal cohortative 1cs · שִׂיחַ (H7878)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשִׂיחַ (H7878) 'recount'.
וְאֶהֱמֶ֑הclamorousconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · הָמָה (H1993)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalהָמָה (H1993) 'clamorous'.
וַיִּשְׁמַ֥עand he heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
קוֹלִֽיmy voiceN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'my voice'.
19

פָּ֘דָ֤ה בְשָׁל֣וֹם נַ֭פְשִׁי מִקֲּרָב לִ֑י כִּֽי בְ֝רַבִּ֗ים הָי֥וּ עִמָּדִֽי

Surely redeem in peace my soul in to me for many were with me.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'surely redeem'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
פָּ֘דָ֤הsurely redeemQal perf 3ms · פָּדָה (H6299)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּדָה (H6299) 'surely redeem'.
בְשָׁל֣וֹםin peaceprep + N com m sg abs · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'in peace'.
נַ֭פְשִׁיmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
מִקֲּרָבinprep + N com m sg abs · קְרָב (H7128)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קְרָב (H7128) 'in'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בְ֝רַבִּ֗יםmanyprep + Adj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
הָי֥וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
עִמָּדִֽיwith meprep + sfx 1cs · עִמָּד (H5978)Particle or relational elementעִמָּד (H5978) 'with me'.
20

יִשְׁמַ֤ע אֵ֨ל וְֽיַעֲנֵם֮ וְיֹ֤שֵׁ֥ב קֶ֗דֶם סֶ֥לָה אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֵ֣ין חֲלִיפ֣וֹת לָ֑מוֹ וְלֹ֖א יָרְא֣וּ אֱלֹהִֽים

Will listen/obey God and you shall afflict and he dwelt the east Selah that there is not changes of for them and not they feared God.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'will listen/obey'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
יִשְׁמַ֤עwill listen/obeyQal impf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'will listen/obey'.
אֵ֨לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
וְֽיַעֲנֵם֮and you shall afflictconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · עָנָה (H6031)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנָה (H6031) 'and you shall afflict'.
וְיֹ֤שֵׁ֥בand he dweltconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and he dwelt'.
קֶ֗דֶםthe eastN c · קֶדֶם (H6924)Construct chain (genitival)קֶדֶם (H6924) 'the east'.
סֶ֥לָהSelahparticle · סֶלָה (H5542)Particle or relational elementסֶלָה (H5542) 'Selah'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
חֲלִיפ֣וֹתchanges ofN c · חֲלִיפָה (H2487)Construct chain (genitival)חֲלִיפָה (H2487) 'changes of'.
לָ֑מוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
וְלֹ֖אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יָרְא֣וּthey fearedQal perf 3cp · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרֵא (H3372) 'they feared'.
אֱלֹהִֽיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
21

שָׁלַ֣ח יָ֭דָיו בִּשְׁלֹמָ֗יו חִלֵּ֥ל בְּרִיתֽוֹ

Let go his hands peace he has profaned his covenant.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'let go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
שָׁלַ֣חlet goQal perf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'let go'.
יָ֭דָיוhis handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hands'.
בִּשְׁלֹמָ֗יוpeaceprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
חִלֵּ֥לhe has profanedPiel perf 3ms · חָלַל (H2490)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַל (H2490) 'he has profaned'.
בְּרִיתֽוֹhis covenantN c · בְּרִית (H1285)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִית (H1285) 'his covenant'.
22

חָלְק֤וּ מַחְמָאֹ֣ת פִּיו֮ וּֽקֲרָב לִ֫בּ֥וֹ רַכּ֖וּ דְבָרָ֥יו מִשֶּׁ֗מֶן וְהֵ֣מָּה פְתִחֽוֹת

Had divided than butter his word in his heart let it be soft his words from the oil of now they drawn sword.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'had divided'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
חָלְק֤וּhad dividedQal perf 3cp · חָלַק (H2505)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַק (H2505) 'had divided'.
מַחְמָאֹ֣תthan butterN c · מַחֲמָאָה (H4260)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲמָאָה (H4260) 'than butter'.
פִּיו֮his wordN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'his word'.
וּֽקֲרָבinconj וְ + N com m sg abs · קְרָב (H7128)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קְרָב (H7128) 'in'.
לִ֫בּ֥וֹhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
רַכּ֖וּlet it be softQal perf 3cp · רָכַךְ (H7401)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָכַךְ (H7401) 'let it be soft'.
דְבָרָ֥יוhis wordsN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'his words'.
מִשֶּׁ֗מֶןfrom the oil ofprep + N com m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'from the oil of'.
וְהֵ֣מָּהnow theyconj וְ + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'now they'.
פְתִחֽוֹתdrawn swordN c · פְּתִחָה (H6609)Construct chain (genitival)פְּתִחָה (H6609) 'drawn sword'.
23

הַשְׁלֵ֤ךְ עַל יְהוָ֨ה יְהָבְךָ֮ וְה֪וּא יְכַ֫לְכְּלֶ֥ךָ לֹא יִתֵּ֖ן לְעוֹלָ֥ם מ֗וֹט לַצַּדִּֽיק

And he threw [it] on YHWH burden and he and I will provide not would give forever shall slip righteous.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and he threw [it]'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הַשְׁלֵ֤ךְand he threw [it]Hiphil impv 2ms · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁלַךְ (H7993) 'and he threw [it]'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יְהוָ֨הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יְהָבְךָ֮burdenN c · יְהָב (H3053)Construct chain (genitival)יְהָב (H3053) 'burden'.
וְה֪וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
יְכַ֫לְכְּלֶ֥ךָand I will providel impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · כּוּל (H3557)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכּוּל (H3557) 'and I will provide'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִתֵּ֖ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
לְעוֹלָ֥םforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
מ֗וֹטshall slipQal inf constr · מוֹט (H4131)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמוֹט (H4131) 'shall slip'.
לַצַּדִּֽיקrighteousprep + art + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
24

וְאַתָּ֤ה אֱלֹהִ֨ים תּוֹרִדֵ֬ם לִבְאֵ֬ר שַׁ֗חַת אַנְשֵׁ֤י דָמִ֣ים וּ֭מִרְמָה לֹא יֶחֱצ֣וּ יְמֵיהֶ֑ם וַ֝אֲנִ֗י אֶבְטַח בָּֽךְ

And you God and went down to the well from the men of bloodguilt with deceit not and divided today and I trusting among you.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and went down'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְאַתָּ֤הand youconj וְ + pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'and you'.
אֱלֹהִ֨יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
תּוֹרִדֵ֬םand went downHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 3mp · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
לִבְאֵ֬רto the wellprep + N com f sg constr · בְּאֵר (H875)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּאֵר (H875) 'to the well'.
שַׁ֗חַתfromN c · שַׁחַת (H7845)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַת (H7845) 'from'.
אַנְשֵׁ֤יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
דָמִ֣יםbloodguiltN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'bloodguilt'.
וּ֭מִרְמָהwith deceitconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מִרְמָה (H4820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִרְמָה (H4820) 'with deceit'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יֶחֱצ֣וּand dividedQal impf 3mp · חָצָה (H2673)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָצָה (H2673) 'and divided'.
יְמֵיהֶ֑םtodayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
וַ֝אֲנִ֗יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
אֶבְטַחtrustingQal impf 1cs · בָּטַח (H982)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּטַח (H982) 'trusting'.
בָּֽךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.