1
לְדָוִ֡ד אֵ֘לֶ֤יךָ יְהוָ֨ה אֶקְרָ֗א צוּרִי֮ אַֽל תֶּחֱרַ֪שׁ מִ֫מֶּ֥נִּי פֶּן תֶּֽחֱשֶׁ֥ה מִמֶּ֑נִּי וְ֝נִמְשַׁ֗לְתִּי עִם י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר
[ of David.] To you will I cry, O YHWH my rock; be not silent to me: lest, you be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I proclaim'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
לְדָוִ֡דtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
אֵ֘לֶ֤יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
יְהוָ֨הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶקְרָ֗אI proclaimQal impf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'I proclaim'.
צוּרִי֮the rockN c · צוּר (H6697)Construct chain (genitival)צוּר (H6697) 'the rock'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תֶּחֱרַ֪שׁplowQal jussive 2ms · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalחָרַשׁ (H2790) 'plow'.
מִ֫מֶּ֥נִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
תֶּֽחֱשֶׁ֥הkeeping silentQal impf 2ms · חָשָׁה (H2814)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָשָׁה (H2814) 'keeping silent'.
מִמֶּ֑נִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
וְ֝נִמְשַׁ֗לְתִּיthe ballad-singersconj וְ + Niphal q 1cs · מָשַׁל (H4911)Particle or relational elementמָשַׁל (H4911) 'the ballad-singers'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
י֥וֹרְדֵיand went downQal ptc mp · יָרַד (H3381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
בֽוֹרa pitN c · בּוֹר (H953)Construct chain (genitival)בּוֹר (H953) 'a pit'.
2
שְׁמַ֤ע ק֣וֹל תַּ֭חֲנוּנַי בְּשַׁוְּעִ֣י אֵלֶ֑יךָ בְּנָשְׂאִ֥י יָ֝דַ֗י אֶל דְּבִ֥יר קָדְשֶֽׁךָ
Hear the voice of my supplications, when I cry to you, when I lift up my hands toward your holy oracle.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'listen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
שְׁמַ֤עlistenQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
ק֣וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
תַּ֭חֲנוּנַיintreatyN c · תַּחֲנוּן (H8469)Construct chain (genitival)תַּחֲנוּן (H8469) 'intreaty'.
בְּשַׁוְּעִ֣יI cry for helpprep + Piel inf constr + sfx 1cs · שִׁוַּע (H7768)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשִׁוַּע (H7768) 'I cry for help'.
אֵלֶ֑יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
בְּנָשְׂאִ֥יlifts upprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
יָ֝דַ֗יmy handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
דְּבִ֥ירoracleN c · דְּבִיר (H1687)Construct chain (genitival)דְּבִיר (H1687) 'oracle'.
קָדְשֶֽׁךָyour holyN c · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Construct chain (genitival)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'your holy'.
3
אַל תִּמְשְׁכֵ֣נִי עִם רְשָׁעִים֮ וְעִם פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן דֹּבְרֵ֣י שָׁ֭לוֹם עִם רֵֽעֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝רָעָ֗ה בִּלְבָבָֽם
Draw me not away with the wicked, and with the workers of iniquity, which speak peace to their neighbours, but mischief in their hearts.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'has pulled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּמְשְׁכֵ֣נִיhas pulledQal jussive 2ms + sfx 1cs · מָשַׁךְ (H4900)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalמָשַׁךְ (H4900) 'has pulled'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
רְשָׁעִים֮the wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
וְעִםand withconj וְ + prep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'and with'.
פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫יdidQal ptc mp · פָּעַל (H6466)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
אָ֥וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
דֹּבְרֵ֣יspeakQal ptc mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
שָׁ֭לוֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
רֵֽעֵיהֶ֑םhis neighborN c · רֵעַ (H7453)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
וְ֝רָעָ֗הthe evilconj וְ + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
בִּלְבָבָֽםin their heartprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · לֵבָב (H3824)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵבָב (H3824) 'in their heart'.
4
תֶּן לָהֶ֣ם כְּפָעֳלָם֮ וּכְרֹ֪עַ מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥ם כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְ֭דֵיהֶם תֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֑ם הָשֵׁ֖ב גְּמוּלָ֣ם לָהֶֽם
Give them according to their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their endeavours: give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'give me'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
תֶּןgive meQal impv 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָתַן (H5414) 'give me'.
לָהֶ֣םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
כְּפָעֳלָם֮his workprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · פֹּעַל (H6467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֹּעַל (H6467) 'his work'.
וּכְרֹ֪עַthe evil ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · רֹעַ (H7455)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹעַ (H7455) 'the evil of'.
מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥םyour deedsN c · מַעֲלָל (H4611)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲלָל (H4611) 'your deeds'.
כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣הlike the work ofprep + N com m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'like the work of'.
יְ֭דֵיהֶםtheir handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'their hands'.
תֵּ֣ןgive meQal impv 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָתַן (H5414) 'give me'.
לָהֶ֑םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
הָשֵׁ֖בsurelyHiphil impv 2ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'surely'.
גְּמוּלָ֣םas / likeN c · גְּמוּל (H1576)Construct chain (genitival)גְּמוּל (H1576) 'as / like'.
לָהֶֽםto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
5
כִּ֤י לֹ֤א יָבִ֡ינוּ אֶל פְּעֻלֹּ֣ת יְ֭הוָה וְאֶל מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדָ֑יו יֶ֝הֶרְסֵ֗ם וְלֹ֣א יִבְנֵֽם
Because they regard not the works of YHWH, nor the operation of his hands, he shall destroy them, and not build them up.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they would discern'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָבִ֡ינוּthey would discernQal impf 3mp · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּין (H995) 'they would discern'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
פְּעֻלֹּ֣תthe wages ofN c · פְּעֻלָּה (H6468)Construct chain (genitival)פְּעֻלָּה (H6468) 'the wages of'.
יְ֭הוָהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הthe work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
יָדָ֑יוhis handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hands'.
יֶ֝הֶרְסֵ֗םyou overthrowQal impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · הָרַס (H2040)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָרַס (H2040) 'you overthrow'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִבְנֵֽםand he builtQal impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · בָּנָה (H1129)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּנָה (H1129) 'and he built'.
6
בָּר֥וּךְ יְהוָ֑ה כִּי שָׁ֝מַע ק֣וֹל תַּחֲנוּנָֽי
Blessed YHWH, because he has heard the voice of my supplications.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'blessed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
בָּר֥וּךְblessedQal ptc ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'blessed'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שָׁ֝מַעlistenQal perf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
ק֣וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
תַּחֲנוּנָֽיintreatyN c · תַּחֲנוּן (H8469)Construct chain (genitival)תַּחֲנוּן (H8469) 'intreaty'.
7
יְהוָ֤ה עֻזִּ֥י וּמָגִנִּי֮ בּ֤וֹ בָטַ֥ח לִבִּ֗י וְֽנֶ֫עֱזָ֥רְתִּי וַיַּעֲלֹ֥ז לִבִּ֑י וּֽמִשִּׁירִ֥י אֲהוֹדֶֽנּוּ
YHWH my strength and my shield; my heart trusted in him, and I am helped: therefore my heart greatly rejoiceth; and with my song will I praise him.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'trusting'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עֻזִּ֥יmy strengthN c · עֹז (H5797)Construct chain (genitival)עֹז (H5797) 'my strength'.
וּמָגִנִּי֮the shield ofconj וְ + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · מָגֵן (H4043)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָגֵן (H4043) 'the shield of'.
בּ֤וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
בָטַ֥חtrustingQal perf 3ms · בָּטַח (H982)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּטַח (H982) 'trusting'.
לִבִּ֗יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
וְֽנֶ֫עֱזָ֥רְתִּיand help youconj וְ + Niphal perf 1cs · עָזַר (H5826)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
וַיַּעֲלֹ֥זbe joyfulconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָלַז (H5937)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלַז (H5937) 'be joyful'.
לִבִּ֑יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
וּֽמִשִּׁירִ֥יthe songconj וְ + prep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · שִׁירָה (H7892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁירָה (H7892) 'the song'.
אֲהוֹדֶֽנּוּI will praiseHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 3ms · יָדָה (H3034)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדָה (H3034) 'I will praise'.
8
יְהוָ֥ה עֹֽז לָ֑מוֹ וּמָ֘ע֤וֹז יְשׁוּע֖וֹת מְשִׁיח֣וֹ הֽוּא
YHWH their strength, and he the saving strength of his anointed.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עֹֽזstrengthN c · עֹז (H5797)Construct chain (genitival)עֹז (H5797) 'strength'.
לָ֑מוֹfor themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'for them'.
וּמָ֘ע֤וֹזstrongholdconj וְ + N com m sg constr · מָעוֹז (H4581)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָעוֹז (H4581) 'stronghold'.
יְשׁוּע֖וֹתhis salvationN c · יְשׁוּעָה (H3444)Construct chain (genitival)יְשׁוּעָה (H3444) 'his salvation'.
מְשִׁיח֣וֹthe anointedN c · מָשִׁיחַ (H4899)Construct chain (genitival)מָשִׁיחַ (H4899) 'the anointed'.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
9
הוֹשִׁ֤יעָה אֶת עַמֶּ֗ךָ וּבָרֵ֥ךְ אֶת נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָ וּֽרְעֵ֥ם וְ֝נַשְּׂאֵ֗ם עַד הָעוֹלָֽם
Save your people, and bless your inheritance: feed them also, and lift them up for ever.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'one to save'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
הוֹשִׁ֤יעָהone to saveHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עַמֶּ֗ךָyour peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'your people'.
וּבָרֵ֥ךְand he will blessconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'and he will bless'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נַחֲלָתֶ֑ךָyour inheritance,N c · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Construct chain (genitival)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'your inheritance,'.
וּֽרְעֵ֥םshepherdingconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + sfx 3mp · רָעָה (H7462)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָעָה (H7462) 'shepherding'.
וְ֝נַשְּׂאֵ֗םlifts upconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms + sfx 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הָעוֹלָֽםperpetuityart + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.