1
לְדָוִ֨ד יְהוָ֤ה אוֹרִ֣י וְ֭יִשְׁעִי מִמִּ֣י אִירָ֑א יְהוָ֥ה מָֽעוֹז חַ֝יַּ֗י מִמִּ֥י אֶפְחָֽד
[ of David.] YHWH my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? YHWH the strength of my life; of whom shall I be afraid?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'fear'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
לְדָוִ֨דtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אוֹרִ֣יlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
וְ֭יִשְׁעִיsafetyconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · יֶשַׁע (H3468)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶשַׁע (H3468) 'safety'.
מִמִּ֣יwhoprep + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
אִירָ֑אfearQal impf 1cs · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מָֽעוֹזstrongholdN c · מָעוֹז (H4581)Construct chain (genitival)מָעוֹז (H4581) 'stronghold'.
חַ֝יַּ֗יthe life ofN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'the life of'.
מִמִּ֥יwhoprep + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
אֶפְחָֽדand you will dreadQal impf 1cs · פָּחַד (H6342)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּחַד (H6342) 'and you will dread'.
2
בִּקְרֹ֤ב עָלַ֨י מְרֵעִים֮ לֶאֱכֹ֪ל אֶת בְּשָׂ֫רִ֥י צָרַ֣י וְאֹיְבַ֣י לִ֑י הֵ֖מָּה כָשְׁל֣וּ וְנָפָֽלוּ
When the wicked, mine enemies and my foes, came upon me to eat up my flesh, they stumbled and fell.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he shall present'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
בִּקְרֹ֤בand he shall presentprep + Qal inf constr · קָרַב (H7126)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרַב (H7126) 'and he shall present'.
עָלַ֨יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
מְרֵעִים֮and it was displeasingHiphil ptc mp · רָעַע (H7489)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
לֶאֱכֹ֪לto eatprep + Qal inf constr · אָכַל (H398)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
בְּשָׂ֫רִ֥יfleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
צָרַ֣יnarrowN c · צַר (H6862)Construct chain (genitival)צַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
וְאֹיְבַ֣יyour enemiesconj וְ + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
הֵ֖מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
כָשְׁל֣וּand they shall stumbleQal perf 3cp · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
וְנָפָֽלוּand they shall fallconj וְ + Qal perf 3cp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַל (H5307) 'and they shall fall'.
3
אִם תַּחֲנֶ֬ה עָלַ֨י מַחֲנֶה֮ לֹֽא יִירָ֪א לִ֫בִּ֥י אִם תָּק֣וּם עָ֭לַי מִלְחָמָ֑ה בְּ֝זֹ֗את אֲנִ֣י בוֹטֵֽחַ
Though an host should encamp against me, my heart shall not fear: though war should rise against me, in this I confident.
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they encamped'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תַּחֲנֶ֬הand they encampedQal impf 3fs · חָנָה (H2583)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָנָה (H2583) 'and they encamped'.
עָלַ֨יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
מַחֲנֶה֮the camp ofN c · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'the camp of'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִירָ֪אfearQal impf 3ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
לִ֫בִּ֥יmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תָּק֣וּםyou shall riseQal impf 3fs · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'you shall rise'.
עָ֭לַיagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
מִלְחָמָ֑הwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
בְּ֝זֹ֗אתby thisprep + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'by this'.
אֲנִ֣יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
בוֹטֵֽחַtrustingQal ptc ms · בָּטַח (H982)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּטַח (H982) 'trusting'.
4
אַחַ֤ת שָׁאַ֣לְתִּי מֵֽאֵת יְהוָה֮ אוֹתָ֪הּ אֲבַ֫קֵּ֥שׁ שִׁבְתִּ֣י בְּבֵית יְ֭הוָה כָּל יְמֵ֣י חַיַּ֑י לַחֲז֥וֹת בְּנֹֽעַם יְ֝הוָ֗ה וּלְבַקֵּ֥ר בְּהֵיכָלֽוֹ
One have I desired of YHWH, that will I seek after; that I may dwell in the house of YHWH all the days of my life, to behold the beauty of YHWH, and to enquire in his temple.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'ask'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
אַחַ֤תoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
שָׁאַ֣לְתִּיaskQal perf 1cs · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁאַל (H7592) 'ask'.
מֵֽאֵתfromprep + prep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'from'.
יְהוָה֮YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אוֹתָ֪הּitobj marker + sfx 3fs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'it'.
אֲבַ֫קֵּ֥שׁseekingPiel impf 1cs · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
שִׁבְתִּ֣יthe inhabitants ofQal inf constr + sfx 1cs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
בְּבֵיתin the houseprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'in the house'.
יְ֭הוָהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יְמֵ֣יthe days ofN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days of'.
חַיַּ֑יthe life ofN c · חַי (H2416)Construct chain (genitival)חַי (H2416) 'the life of'.
לַחֲז֥וֹתhe sees/beholdsprep + Qal inf constr · חָזָה (H2372)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָזָה (H2372) 'he sees/beholds'.
בְּנֹֽעַםbeautyprep + N com m sg constr · נֹעַם (H5278)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֹעַם (H5278) 'beauty'.
יְ֝הוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּלְבַקֵּ֥רshall seek outconj וְ + prep + Piel inf constr · בָּקַר (H1239)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּקַר (H1239) 'shall seek out'.
בְּהֵיכָלֽוֹpalaceprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · הֵיכָל (H1964)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵיכָל (H1964) 'palace'.
5
כִּ֤י יִצְפְּנֵ֨נִי בְּסֻכֹּה֮ בְּי֪וֹם רָ֫עָ֥ה יַ֭סְתִּרֵנִי בְּסֵ֣תֶר אָהֳל֑וֹ בְּ֝צ֗וּר יְרוֹמְמֵֽנִי
For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and she hid him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יִצְפְּנֵ֨נִיand she hid himQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · צָפַן (H6845)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָפַן (H6845) 'and she hid him'.
בְּסֻכֹּה֮covertprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · סֹךְ (H5520)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֹךְ (H5520) 'covert'.
בְּי֪וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
רָ֫עָ֥הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
יַ֭סְתִּרֵנִיI will hideHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · סָתַר (H5641)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָתַר (H5641) 'I will hide'.
בְּסֵ֣תֶרin secretprep + N com m sg constr · סֵתֶר (H5643)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֵתֶר (H5643) 'in secret'.
אָהֳל֑וֹhis tentN c · אֹהֶל (H168)Construct chain (genitival)אֹהֶל (H168) 'his tent'.
בְּ֝צ֗וּרthe rockprep + N com m sg abs · צוּר (H6697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוּר (H6697) 'the rock'.
יְרוֹמְמֵֽנִיand tallPolel impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
6
וְעַתָּ֨ה יָר֪וּם רֹאשִׁ֡י עַ֤ל אֹֽיְבַ֬י סְֽבִיבוֹתַ֗י וְאֶזְבְּחָ֣ה בְ֭אָהֳלוֹ זִבְחֵ֣י תְרוּעָ֑ה אָשִׁ֥ירָה וַ֝אֲזַמְּרָ֗ה לַיהוָֽה
And now shall mine head be lifted up above mine enemies round about me: therefore will I offer in his tabernacle sacrifices of joy; I will sing, yea, I will sing praises to YHWH.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and tall'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְעַתָּ֨הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
יָר֪וּםand tallQal impf 3ms · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
רֹאשִׁ֡יthe heads ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the heads of'.
עַ֤לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אֹֽיְבַ֬יmy enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'my enemies'.
סְֽבִיבוֹתַ֗יall aroundN c · סָבִיב (H5439)Construct chain (genitival)סָבִיב (H5439) 'all around'.
וְאֶזְבְּחָ֣הto sacrificeconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · זָבַח (H2076)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalזָבַח (H2076) 'to sacrifice'.
בְ֭אָהֳלוֹin his tentprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֹהֶל (H168)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹהֶל (H168) 'in his tent'.
זִבְחֵ֣יsacrifices ofN c · זֶבַח (H2077)Construct chain (genitival)זֶבַח (H2077) 'sacrifices of'.
תְרוּעָ֑הan alarm-blastN c · תְּרוּעָה (H8643)Construct chain (genitival)תְּרוּעָה (H8643) 'an alarm-blast'.
אָשִׁ֥ירָהI will singQal cohortative 1cs · שִׁיר (H7891)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשִׁיר (H7891) 'I will sing'.
וַ֝אֲזַמְּרָ֗הI will make musicconj וְ + Piel cohortative 1cs · זָמַר (H2167)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalזָמַר (H2167) 'I will make music'.
לַיהוָֽהto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
7
שְׁמַע יְהוָ֖ה קוֹלִ֥י אֶקְרָ֗א וְחָנֵּ֥נִי וַעֲנֵֽנִי
Hear, O YHWH, I cry with my voice: have mercy also upon me, and answer me.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'listen'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שְׁמַעlistenQal impv 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
קוֹלִ֥יmy voiceN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'my voice'.
אֶקְרָ֗אI proclaimQal impf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'I proclaim'.
וְחָנֵּ֥נִיpity meconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · חָנַן (H2603)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָנַן (H2603) 'pity me'.
וַעֲנֵֽנִיand answeredconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
8
לְךָ֤ אָמַ֣ר לִ֭בִּי בַּקְּשׁ֣וּ פָנָ֑י אֶת פָּנֶ֖יךָ יְהוָ֣ה אֲבַקֵּֽשׁ
, Seek you my face; my heart said to you, Your face, YHWH, will I seek.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
לְךָ֤to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
לִ֭בִּיmy heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'my heart'.
בַּקְּשׁ֣וּseekingPiel impv 2mp · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
פָנָ֑יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
פָּנֶ֖יךָyour faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'your face'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֲבַקֵּֽשׁseekingPiel impf 1cs · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
9
אַל תַּסְתֵּ֬ר פָּנֶ֨יךָ מִמֶּנִּי֮ אַֽל תַּט בְּאַ֗ף עַ֫בְדֶּ֥ךָ עֶזְרָתִ֥י הָיִ֑יתָ אַֽל תִּטְּשֵׁ֥נִי וְאַל תַּֽ֝עַזְבֵ֗נִי אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׁעִֽי
Hide not your face from me; put not your servant away in anger: you have been my help; leave me not, neither forsake me, O God of my salvation.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'I will hide'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּסְתֵּ֬רI will hideHiphil jussive 2ms · סָתַר (H5641)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalסָתַר (H5641) 'I will hide'.
פָּנֶ֨יךָyour faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'your face'.
מִמֶּנִּי֮from meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תַּטstretch outHiphil jussive 2ms · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
בְּאַ֗ףin angerprep + N com m sg abs · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'in anger'.
עַ֫בְדֶּ֥ךָyour servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'your servant'.
עֶזְרָתִ֥יto the help ofN c · עֶזְרָה (H5833)Construct chain (genitival)עֶזְרָה (H5833) 'to the help of'.
הָיִ֑יתָyou wereQal perf 2ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'you were'.
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּטְּשֵׁ֥נִיand he forsookQal jussive 2ms + sfx 1cs · נָטַשׁ (H5203)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָטַשׁ (H5203) 'and he forsook'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תַּֽ֝עַזְבֵ֗נִיyou forsakeQal jussive 2ms + sfx 1cs · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
אֱלֹהֵ֥יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יִשְׁעִֽיsafetyN c · יֶשַׁע (H3468)Construct chain (genitival)יֶשַׁע (H3468) 'safety'.
10
כִּי אָבִ֣י וְאִמִּ֣י עֲזָב֑וּנִי וַֽיהוָ֣ה יַֽאַסְפֵֽנִי
When my father and my mother forsake me, then YHWH will take me up.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you forsake'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָבִ֣יmy fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'my father'.
וְאִמִּ֣יhis motherconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · אֵם (H517)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵם (H517) 'his mother'.
עֲזָב֑וּנִיyou forsakeQal perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
וַֽיהוָ֣הand YHWHconj וְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'and YHWH'.
יַֽאַסְפֵֽנִיand he gatheredQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָסַף (H622) 'and he gathered'.
11
ה֤וֹרֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֗ה דַּ֫רְכֶּ֥ךָ וּ֭נְחֵנִי בְּאֹ֣רַח מִישׁ֑וֹר לְ֝מַ֗עַן שׁוֹרְרָֽי
Teach me your way, O YHWH, and lead me in a plain path, because of mine enemies.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and to teach'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ה֤וֹרֵ֥נִיand to teachHiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
דַּ֫רְכֶּ֥ךָyour wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'your way'.
וּ֭נְחֵנִיled himconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · נָחָה (H5148)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָחָה (H5148) 'led him'.
בְּאֹ֣רַחthe way ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֹרַח (H734)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹרַח (H734) 'the way of'.
מִישׁ֑וֹרthe tablelandN c · מִישׁוֹר (H4334)Construct chain (genitival)מִישׁוֹר (H4334) 'the tableland'.
לְ֝מַ֗עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
שׁוֹרְרָֽיenemyN c · שָׁרַר (H8324)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁרַר (H8324) 'enemy'.
12
אַֽל תִּ֭תְּנֵנִי בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ צָרָ֑י כִּ֥י קָֽמוּ בִ֥י עֵֽדֵי שֶׁ֝֗קֶר וִיפֵ֥חַ חָמָֽס
Deliver me not over to the will of mine enemies: for false witnesses are risen up against me, and such as breathe out cruelty.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Jussive — volitional. Lead predicate is 'is giving'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אַֽלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּ֭תְּנֵנִיis givingQal jussive 2ms + sfx 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁagainst the personprep + N com c sg constr · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'against the person'.
צָרָ֑יnarrowN c · צַר (H6862)Construct chain (genitival)צַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
קָֽמוּrise up!Qal perf 3cp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקוּם (H6965) 'rise up!'.
בִ֥יagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
עֵֽדֵיa witnessN c · עֵד (H5707)Construct chain (genitival)עֵד (H5707) 'a witness'.
שֶׁ֝֗קֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
וִיפֵ֥חַandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · יָפֵחַ (H3307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָפֵחַ (H3307) 'and'.
חָמָֽסviolenceN c · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
13
לׅׄוּלֵׅׄ֗אׅׄ הֶ֭אֱמַנְתִּי לִרְא֥וֹת בְּֽטוּב יְהוָ֗ה בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּֽים
, unless I had believed to see the goodness of YHWH in the land of the living.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'faithful'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לׅׄוּלֵׅׄ֗אׅׄif not / unlessconj וְ · לוּלֵי (H3884)Particle or relational elementלוּלֵי (H3884) 'if not / unless'.
הֶ֭אֱמַנְתִּיfaithfulHiphil perf 1cs · אָמַן (H539)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
לִרְא֥וֹתto seeprep + Qal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'.
בְּֽטוּבthe good ofprep + N com m sg constr · טוּב (H2898)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוּב (H2898) 'the good of'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
חַיִּֽיםaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
14
קַוֵּ֗ה אֶל יְה֫וָ֥ה חֲ֭זַק וְיַאֲמֵ֣ץ לִבֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝קַוֵּ֗ה אֶל יְהוָֽה
Wait on YHWH: be of good courage, and he shall strengthen your heart: wait, I say, on YHWH.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'let be gathered'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
קַוֵּ֗הlet be gatheredPiel impv 2ms · קָוָה (H6960)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יְה֫וָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
חֲ֭זַקbe strongQal impv 2ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
וְיַאֲמֵ֣ץand be courageousconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms · אָמַץ (H553)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַץ (H553) 'and be courageous'.
לִבֶּ֑ךָyour heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'your heart'.
וְ֝קַוֵּ֗הlet be gatheredconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms · קָוָה (H6960)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.