Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Psalms, Chapter 139תהלים 139

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Psalms 139 (24 verses in the MT) opens: [To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David.] O YHWH, you have searched me, and known . The middle of the chapter continues: For you have possessed my reins: you have covered me in my mother's womb. It closes: And see if wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Psalms 139 comprises 24 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-5) — [To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. [To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David.] O YHWH, you have searched me, and known . You knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, you understandest my thought afar off. You compassest my path and my lying down, and are acquainted all my ways. For not a word in my tongue, , lo, O YHWH, you knowest it altogether. You have beset me behind and before, and laid. Movement II (vv. 6-10) — knowledge too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot to it. knowledge too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot to it. Whither shall I go from your spirit? or whither shall I flee from your presence? If I ascend up into heaven, you there: if I make my bed in hell, behold, you . I take the wings of the morning, dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea; Even there shall your hand lead me, and your right hand shall. Movement III (vv. 11-15) — If I say, Surely the darkness shall cover me; even the night shall be li. If I say, Surely the darkness shall cover me; even the night shall be light about me. Yea, the darkness hideth not from you; but the night shineth as the day: the darkness and the light both alike . For you have possessed my reins: you have covered me in my mother's womb. I will praise you; for I am fearfully wonderfully made: marvellous your works; and my. Movement IV (vv. 16-20) — Your eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in your book al. Your eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in your book all were written, in continuance were fashioned, when none of them. How precious also are your thoughts to me, O God! how great is the sum of them! I should count them, they are more in number than the sand: when I awake, I am still with you. Surely you will slay the wicked, O God: depart. Movement V (vv. 21-24) — Do not I hate them, O YHWH, that hate you? and am not I grieved with tho. Do not I hate them, O YHWH, that hate you? and am not I grieved with those that rise up against you? I hate them with perfect hatred: I count them mine enemies. Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts: And see if wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ לְדָוִ֣ד מִזְמ֑וֹר יְהוָ֥ה חֲ֝קַרְתַּ֗נִי וַתֵּדָֽע

[To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David.] O YHWH, you have searched me, and known .

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'excel'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַexcelprep + art + Piel ptc ms · נָצַח (H5329)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַח (H5329) 'excel'.
לְדָוִ֣דtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
מִזְמ֑וֹרpsalmN c · מִזְמוֹר (H4210)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְמוֹר (H4210) 'psalm'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
חֲ֝קַרְתַּ֗נִיand searchQal perf 2ms + sfx 1cs · חָקַר (H2713)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָקַר (H2713) 'and search'.
וַתֵּדָֽעI knowconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
2

אַתָּ֣ה יָ֭דַעְתָּ שִׁבְתִּ֣י וְקוּמִ֑י בַּ֥נְתָּה לְ֝רֵעִ֗י מֵרָחֽוֹק

You knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, you understandest my thought afar off.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
יָ֭דַעְתָּyou knowQal perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'you know'.
שִׁבְתִּ֣יthe inhabitants ofQal inf constr + sfx 1cs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
וְקוּמִ֑יand he aroseconj וְ + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cs · קוּם (H6965)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
בַּ֥נְתָּהdiscerningQal perf 2ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
לְ֝רֵעִ֗יtoprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · רֵעַ (H7454)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵעַ (H7454) 'to'.
מֵרָחֽוֹקfrom far awayprep + Adj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'from far away'.
3

אָרְחִ֣י וְרִבְעִ֣י זֵרִ֑יתָ וְֽכָל דְּרָכַ֥י הִסְכַּֽנְתָּה

You compassest my path and my lying down, and are acquainted all my ways.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'my way'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אָרְחִ֣יmy wayQal inf constr + sfx 1cs · אֹרַח (H734)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאֹרַח (H734) 'my way'.
וְרִבְעִ֣יandconj וְ + Qal inf constr + sfx 1cs · רֶבַע (H7252)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרֶבַע (H7252) 'and'.
זֵרִ֑יתָI will scatterPiel perf 2ms · זָרָה (H2219)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָרָה (H2219) 'I will scatter'.
וְֽכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
דְּרָכַ֥יmy wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
הִסְכַּֽנְתָּהhave I everHiphil perf 2ms · סָכַן (H5532)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָכַן (H5532) 'have I ever'.
4

כִּ֤י אֵ֣ין מִ֭לָּה בִּלְשׁוֹנִ֑י הֵ֥ן יְ֝הוָ֗ה יָדַ֥עְתָּ כֻלָּֽהּ

For not a word in my tongue, , lo, O YHWH, you knowest it altogether.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מִ֭לָּהwith wordsN c · מִלָּה (H4405)Construct chain (genitival)מִלָּה (H4405) 'with words'.
בִּלְשׁוֹנִ֑יby their languagesprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'by their languages'.
הֵ֥ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
יְ֝הוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יָדַ֥עְתָּyou knowQal perf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'you know'.
כֻלָּֽהּall of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
5

אָח֣וֹר וָקֶ֣דֶם צַרְתָּ֑נִי וַתָּ֖שֶׁת עָלַ֣י כַּפֶּֽכָה

You have beset me behind and before, and laid your hand upon me.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'harass'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אָח֣וֹרbackwardN c · אָחוֹר (H268)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוֹר (H268) 'backward'.
וָקֶ֣דֶםeastwardconj וְ + N com m sg abs · קֶדֶם (H6924)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶדֶם (H6924) 'eastward'.
צַרְתָּ֑נִיharassQal perf 2ms + sfx 1cs · צָרַר (H6696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצָרַר (H6696) 'harass'.
וַתָּ֖שֶׁתis imposedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms · שִׁית (H7896)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׁית (H7896) 'is imposed'.
עָלַ֣יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
כַּפֶּֽכָהa pan ofN c · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
6

פלאיה פְּלִ֣יאָֽה דַ֣עַת מִמֶּ֑נִּי נִ֝שְׂגְּבָ֗ה לֹא א֥וּכַֽל לָֽהּ

knowledge too wonderful for me; it is high, I cannot to it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I am able'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
פלאיהwonderfulAdj · פִּלְאִי (H6383)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּלְאִי (H6383) 'wonderful'.
פְּלִ֣יאָֽהwonderfulAdj · פִּלְאִי (H6383)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פִּלְאִי (H6383) 'wonderful'.
דַ֣עַתknowledgeN c · דַּעַת (H1847)Construct chain (genitival)דַּעַת (H1847) 'knowledge'.
מִמֶּ֑נִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
נִ֝שְׂגְּבָ֗הwas too highN · שָׂגַב (H7682)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂגַב (H7682) 'was too high'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
א֥וּכַֽלI am ableQal impf 1cs · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'I am able'.
לָֽהּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
7

אָ֭נָ֥ה אֵלֵ֣ךְ מֵרוּחֶ֑ךָ וְ֝אָ֗נָה מִפָּנֶ֥יךָ אֶבְרָֽח

Whither shall I go from your spirit? or whither shall I flee from your presence?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אָ֭נָ֥הwhereart · אָנָה (H575)Particle or relational elementאָנָה (H575) 'where'.
אֵלֵ֣ךְI will goQal impf 1cs · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'I will go'.
מֵרוּחֶ֑ךָa spirit ofprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
וְ֝אָ֗נָהand whereconj וְ + interrog. · אָנָה (H575)Particle or relational elementאָנָה (H575) 'and where'.
מִפָּנֶ֥יךָfrom before youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'from before you'.
אֶבְרָֽחand he fledQal impf 1cs · בָּרַח (H1272)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּרַח (H1272) 'and he fled'.
8

אִם אֶסַּ֣ק שָׁ֭מַיִם שָׁ֣ם אָ֑תָּה וְאַצִּ֖יעָה שְּׁא֣וֹל הִנֶּֽךָּ

If I ascend up into heaven, you there: if I make my bed in hell, behold, you .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'ascend'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
אֶסַּ֣קascendQal impf 1cs · נָסַק (H5266)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָסַק (H5266) 'ascend'.
שָׁ֭מַיִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
שָׁ֣םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
אָ֑תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
וְאַצִּ֖יעָהmake (one's) bedconj וְ + Hiphil cohortative 1cs · יַצַע (H3331)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיַצַע (H3331) 'make (one's) bed'.
שְּׁא֣וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
הִנֶּֽךָּbeholdadv. + sfx 2ms · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
9

אֶשָּׂ֥א כַנְפֵי שָׁ֑חַר אֶ֝שְׁכְּנָ֗ה בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית יָֽם

I take the wings of the morning, dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'can I bear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֶשָּׂ֥אcan I bearQal impf 1cs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'can I bear'.
כַנְפֵיwings ofN c · כָּנָף (H3671)Construct chain (genitival)כָּנָף (H3671) 'wings of'.
שָׁ֑חַרthe dawnN c · שַׁחַר (H7837)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַר (H7837) 'the dawn'.
אֶ֝שְׁכְּנָ֗הto make dwellQal cohortative 1cs · שָׁכַן (H7931)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשָׁכַן (H7931) 'to make dwell'.
בְּאַחֲרִ֥יתin the latterprep + N com f sg constr · אַחֲרִית (H319)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'in the latter'.
יָֽםsea ofN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'sea of'.
10

גַּם שָׁ֭ם יָדְךָ֣ תַנְחֵ֑נִי וְֽתֹאחֲזֵ֥נִי יְמִינֶֽךָ

Even there shall your hand lead me, and your right hand shall hold me.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'led him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
שָׁ֭םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
יָדְךָ֣your handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hand'.
תַנְחֵ֑נִיled himHiphil impf 3fs + sfx 1cs · נָחָה (H5148)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָחָה (H5148) 'led him'.
וְֽתֹאחֲזֵ֥נִיand they took holdconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs + sfx 1cs · אָחַז (H270)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָחַז (H270) 'and they took hold'.
יְמִינֶֽךָYour right hand,N c · יָמִין (H3225)Construct chain (genitival)יָמִין (H3225) 'Your right hand,'.
11

וָ֭אֹמַר אַךְ חֹ֣שֶׁךְ יְשׁוּפֵ֑נִי וְ֝לַ֗יְלָה א֣וֹר בַּעֲדֵֽנִי

If I say, Surely the darkness shall cover me; even the night shall be light about me.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וָ֭אֹמַרand I saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
אַךְonlyparticle · אַךְ (H389)Particle or relational elementאַךְ (H389) 'only'.
חֹ֣שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
יְשׁוּפֵ֑נִיwill strike youQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · שׁוּף (H7779)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּף (H7779) 'will strike you'.
וְ֝לַ֗יְלָהand nightconj וְ + N com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'and night'.
א֣וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
בַּעֲדֵֽנִיthroughprep + sfx 1cs · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'through'.
12

גַּם חֹשֶׁךְ֮ לֹֽא יַחְשִׁ֪יךְ מִ֫מֶּ֥ךָ וְ֭לַיְלָה כַּיּ֣וֹם יָאִ֑יר כַּ֝חֲשֵׁיכָ֗ה כָּאוֹרָֽה

Yea, the darkness hideth not from you; but the night shineth as the day: the darkness and the light both alike .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and...was darkened'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
חֹשֶׁךְ֮darknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַחְשִׁ֪יךְand...was darkenedHiphil impf 3ms · חָשַׁךְ (H2821)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָשַׁךְ (H2821) 'and...was darkened'.
מִ֫מֶּ֥ךָfrom youprep + sfx 2ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from you'.
וְ֭לַיְלָהand nightconj וְ + N com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'and night'.
כַּיּ֣וֹםas this dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'as this day'.
יָאִ֑ירto give lightHiphil impf 3ms · אוֹר (H215)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאוֹר (H215) 'to give light'.
כַּ֝חֲשֵׁיכָ֗הdarknessprep + art + N com f sg abs · חֲשֵׁכָה (H2825)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲשֵׁכָה (H2825) 'darkness'.
כָּאוֹרָֽהherbprep + art + N com f sg abs · אוֹרָה (H219)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹרָה (H219) 'herb'.
13

כִּֽי אַ֭תָּה קָנִ֣יתָ כִלְיֹתָ֑י תְּ֝סֻכֵּ֗נִי בְּבֶ֣טֶן אִמִּֽי

For you have possessed my reins: you have covered me in my mother's womb.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you acquired/purchased.'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אַ֭תָּהyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
קָנִ֣יתָyou acquired/purchased.Qal perf 2ms · קָנָה (H7069)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָנָה (H7069) 'you acquired/purchased.'.
כִלְיֹתָ֑יmy kidneysN c · כִּלְיָה (H3629)Construct chain (genitival)כִּלְיָה (H3629) 'my kidneys'.
תְּ֝סֻכֵּ֗נִיcoveringQal impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · סָכַךְ (H5526)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָכַךְ (H5526) 'covering'.
בְּבֶ֣טֶןyour wombprep + N com f sg constr · בֶּטֶן (H990)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּטֶן (H990) 'your womb'.
אִמִּֽיmy motherN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'my mother'.
14

אֽוֹדְךָ֗ עַ֤ל כִּ֥י נוֹרָא֗וֹת נִ֫פְלֵ֥יתִי נִפְלָאִ֥ים מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָ וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗י יֹדַ֥עַת מְאֹֽד

I will praise you; for I am fearfully wonderfully made: marvellous your works; and my soul knoweth right well.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will praise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אֽוֹדְךָ֗I will praiseHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 2ms · יָדָה (H3034)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדָה (H3034) 'I will praise'.
עַ֤לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נוֹרָא֗וֹתfearN · יָרֵא (H3372)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
נִ֫פְלֵ֥יתִיmakes a distinctionN · פָּלָה (H6395)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּלָה (H6395) 'makes a distinction'.
נִפְלָאִ֥יםto fulfillN · פָּלָא (H6381)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּלָא (H6381) 'to fulfill'.
מַעֲשֶׂ֑יךָyour laborsN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'your labors'.
וְ֝נַפְשִׁ֗יyour soulconj וְ + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
יֹדַ֥עַתyou knowQal ptc fs · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'you know'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
15

לֹא נִכְחַ֥ד עָצְמִ֗י מִ֫מֶּ֥ךָּ אֲשֶׁר עֻשֵּׂ֥יתִי בַסֵּ֑תֶר רֻ֝קַּ֗מְתִּי בְּֽתַחְתִּיּ֥וֹת אָֽרֶץ

My substance was not hid from you, when I was made in secret, curiously wrought in the lowest parts of the earth.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have done'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נִכְחַ֥דconcealN · כָּחַד (H3582)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּחַד (H3582) 'conceal'.
עָצְמִ֗יand the might ofN c · עֹצֶם (H6108)Construct chain (genitival)עֹצֶם (H6108) 'and the might of'.
מִ֫מֶּ֥ךָּfrom youprep + sfx 2ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from you'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עֻשֵּׂ֥יתִיI have donePual perf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I have done'.
בַסֵּ֑תֶרin secretprep + art + N com m sg abs · סֵתֶר (H5643)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֵתֶר (H5643) 'in secret'.
רֻ֝קַּ֗מְתִּיan embroidererPual perf 1cs · רָקַם (H7551)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָקַם (H7551) 'an embroiderer'.
בְּֽתַחְתִּיּ֥וֹתlowestprep + Adj · תַּחְתִּי (H8482)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּחְתִּי (H8482) 'lowest'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
16

גָּלְמִ֤י רָ֘א֤וּ עֵינֶ֗יךָ וְעַֽל סִפְרְךָ֮ כֻּלָּ֪ם יִכָּ֫תֵ֥בוּ יָמִ֥ים יֻצָּ֑רוּ ולא וְל֖וֹ אֶחָ֣ד בָּהֶֽם

Your eyes did see my substance, yet being unperfect; and in your book all were written, in continuance were fashioned, when none of them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
גָּלְמִ֤יsubstance yet being unperfectN c · גֹּלֶם (H1564)Construct chain (genitival)גֹּלֶם (H1564) 'substance yet being unperfect'.
רָ֘א֤וּsawQal perf 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'saw'.
עֵינֶ֗יךָyour eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'your eyes'.
וְעַֽלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
סִפְרְךָ֮the book ofN c · סֵפֶר (H5612)Construct chain (genitival)סֵפֶר (H5612) 'the book of'.
כֻּלָּ֪םall of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
יִכָּ֫תֵ֥בוּand he wroteN · כָּתַב (H3789)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּתַב (H3789) 'and he wrote'.
יָמִ֥יםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
יֻצָּ֑רוּformedPual perf 3cp · יָצַר (H3335)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
ולאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
וְל֖וֹand to himconj וְ + prep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'and to him'.
אֶחָ֣דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
בָּהֶֽםin themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in them'.
17

וְלִ֗י מַה יָּקְר֣וּ רֵעֶ֣יךָ אֵ֑ל מֶ֥ה עָ֝צְמוּ רָאשֵׁיהֶֽם

How precious also are your thoughts to me, O God! how great is the sum of them!

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְלִ֗יandconj וְ + prep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'and'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
יָּקְר֣וּandQal perf 3cp · יָקַר (H3365)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָקַר (H3365) 'and'.
רֵעֶ֣יךָthoughtN c · רֵעַ (H7454)Construct chain (genitival)רֵעַ (H7454) 'thought'.
אֵ֑לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
מֶ֥הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
עָ֝צְמוּand grew strongQal perf 3cp · עָצַם (H6105)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָצַם (H6105) 'and grew strong'.
רָאשֵׁיהֶֽםtheir topsN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'their tops'.
18

אֶ֭סְפְּרֵם מֵח֣וֹל יִרְבּ֑וּן הֱ֝קִיצֹ֗תִי וְעוֹדִ֥י עִמָּֽךְ

I should count them, they are more in number than the sand: when I awake, I am still with you.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he recounted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֶ֭סְפְּרֵםand he recountedQal impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָפַר (H5608) 'and he recounted'.
מֵח֣וֹלlike the sand ofprep + N com m sg abs · חוֹל (H2344)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוֹל (H2344) 'like the sand of'.
יִרְבּ֑וּןgreatlyQal impf 3mp + Sn · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
הֱ֝קִיצֹ֗תִיariseHiphil perf 1cs · קוּץ (H6974)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקוּץ (H6974) 'arise'.
וְעוֹדִ֥יagainconj וְ + art + sfx 1cs · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
עִמָּֽךְwith youprep + sfx 2fs · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with you'.
19

אִם תִּקְטֹ֖ל אֱל֥וֹהַּ רָשָׁ֑ע וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י דָ֝מִ֗ים ס֣וּרוּ מֶֽנִּי

Surely you will slay the wicked, O God: depart from me therefore, you bloody men.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'kill'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תִּקְטֹ֖לkillQal impf 2ms · קָטַל (H6991)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָטַל (H6991) 'kill'.
אֱל֥וֹהַּGodN c · אֱלוֹהַּ (H433)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלוֹהַּ (H433) 'God'.
רָשָׁ֑עthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
וְאַנְשֵׁ֥יand the men ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and the men of'.
דָ֝מִ֗יםbloodguiltN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'bloodguilt'.
ס֣וּרוּturn asideQal impv 2mp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסוּר (H5493) 'turn aside'.
מֶֽנִּיfromprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
20

אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֹ֭אמְרֻךָ לִמְזִמָּ֑ה נָשֻׂ֖א לַשָּׁ֣וְא עָרֶֽיךָ

For they speak against you wickedly, your enemies take in vain.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יֹ֭אמְרֻךָand he saidQal impf 3mp + sfx 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
לִמְזִמָּ֑ה(wicked) deviceprep + N com f sg abs · מְזִמָּה (H4209)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְזִמָּה (H4209) '(wicked) device'.
נָשֻׂ֖אlifts upQal perf 3cp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
לַשָּׁ֣וְאfor emptinessprep + art + N com m sg abs · שָׁוְא (H7723)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁוְא (H7723) 'for emptiness'.
עָרֶֽיךָenemyN c · עָר (H6145)Construct chain (genitival)עָר (H6145) 'enemy'.
21

הֲלֽוֹא מְשַׂנְאֶ֖יךָ יְהוָ֥ה אֶשְׂנָ֑א וּ֝בִתְקוֹמְמֶ֗יךָ אֶתְקוֹטָֽט

Do not I hate them, O YHWH, that hate you? and am not I grieved with those that rise up against you?

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'those who hate you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
הֲלֽוֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
מְשַׂנְאֶ֖יךָthose who hate youPiel ptc mp + sfx 2ms · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'those who hate you'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶשְׂנָ֑אhatingQal impf 1cs · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
וּ֝בִתְקוֹמְמֶ֗יךָandconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · תְּקוֹמֵם (H8618)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּקוֹמֵם (H8618) 'and'.
אֶתְקוֹטָֽטandHithpolel impf 1cs · קוּט (H6962)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּט (H6962) 'and'.
22

תַּכְלִ֣ית שִׂנְאָ֣ה שְׂנֵאתִ֑ים לְ֝אוֹיְבִ֗ים הָ֣יוּ לִֽי

I hate them with perfect hatred: I count them mine enemies.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'hating'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
תַּכְלִ֣יתendN c · תַּכְלִית (H8503)Construct chain (genitival)תַּכְלִית (H8503) 'end'.
שִׂנְאָ֣הbecause of the hatred ofN c · שִׂנְאָה (H8135)Construct chain (genitival)שִׂנְאָה (H8135) 'because of the hatred of'.
שְׂנֵאתִ֑יםhatingQal perf 1cs + sfx 3mp · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
לְ֝אוֹיְבִ֗יםyour enemiesprep + Qal ptc mp · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
הָ֣יוּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
23

חָקְרֵ֣נִי אֵ֭ל וְדַ֣ע לְבָבִ֑י בְּ֝חָנֵ֗נִי וְדַ֣ע שַׂרְעַפָּֽי

Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts:

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and search'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
חָקְרֵ֣נִיand searchQal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · חָקַר (H2713)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָקַר (H2713) 'and search'.
אֵ֭לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
וְדַ֣עI knowconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
לְבָבִ֑יmy heartN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'my heart'.
בְּ֝חָנֵ֗נִיyou will be testedQal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · בָּחַן (H974)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבָּחַן (H974) 'you will be tested'.
וְדַ֣עI knowconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
שַׂרְעַפָּֽיthoughtN c · שַׂרְעַף (H8312)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂרְעַף (H8312) 'thought'.
24

וּרְאֵ֗ה אִם דֶּֽרֶךְ עֹ֥צֶב בִּ֑י וּ֝נְחֵ֗נִי בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ עוֹלָֽם

And see if wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'shall examine'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וּרְאֵ֗הshall examineconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'shall examine'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
דֶּֽרֶךְthe way ofN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'the way of'.
עֹ֥צֶבfromN c · עֹצֶב (H6090)Construct chain (genitival)עֹצֶב (H6090) 'from'.
בִּ֑יagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
וּ֝נְחֵ֗נִיled himconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · נָחָה (H5148)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָחָה (H5148) 'led him'.
בְּדֶ֣רֶךְon the wayprep + N com c sg constr · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
עוֹלָֽםperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.