Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Psalms, Chapter 130תהלים 130

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Psalms 130 (8 verses in the MT) opens: [A Song of degrees.] Out of the depths have I cried to you, O YHWH. The middle of the chapter continues: I wait for YHWH, my soul does wait, and in his word do I hope. It closes: And he shall redeem Israel from all his iniquities.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Psalms 130 comprises 8 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — [A Song of degrees. [A Song of degrees.] Out of the depths have I cried to you, O YHWH. Lord, hear my voice: let your ears be attentive to the voice of my supplications. If you, YHWH, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand? But forgiveness with you, that you mayest be feared. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — I wait for YHWH, my soul does wait, and in his word do I hope. I wait for YHWH, my soul does wait, and in his word do I hope. My soul for YHWH more than they that watch for the morning: they that watch for the morning. Let Israel hope in YHWH: for with YHWH mercy, and with him plenteous redemption. And he shall redeem Israel from all his iniquities. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֑וֹת מִמַּעֲמַקִּ֖ים קְרָאתִ֣יךָ יְהוָֽה

[A Song of degrees.] Out of the depths have I cried to you, O YHWH.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I called you'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
שִׁ֥ירa songN c · שִׁירָה (H7892)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁירָה (H7892) 'a song'.
הַֽמַּעֲל֑וֹתby stepsart + N com f pl abs · מַעֲלָה (H4609)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲלָה (H4609) 'by steps'.
מִמַּעֲמַקִּ֖יםdeepprep + N com m pl abs · מַעֲמָק (H4615)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲמָק (H4615) 'deep'.
קְרָאתִ֣יךָI called youQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'I called you'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
2

אֲדֹנָי֮ שִׁמְעָ֪ה בְק֫וֹלִ֥י תִּהְיֶ֣ינָה אָ֭זְנֶיךָ קַשֻּׁב֑וֹת לְ֝ק֗וֹל תַּחֲנוּנָֽי

Lord, hear my voice: let your ears be attentive to the voice of my supplications.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'has heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֲדֹנָי֮my LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
שִׁמְעָ֪הhas heardQal impv 2ms + Sh · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'has heard'.
בְק֫וֹלִ֥יmy voiceprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'my voice'.
תִּהְיֶ֣ינָהthey shall beQal impf 3fp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
אָ֭זְנֶיךָin the ears ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
קַשֻּׁב֑וֹתattentAdj · קַשָּׁב (H7183)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קַשָּׁב (H7183) 'attent'.
לְ֝ק֗וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
תַּחֲנוּנָֽיintreatyN c · תַּחֲנוּן (H8469)Construct chain (genitival)תַּחֲנוּן (H8469) 'intreaty'.
3

אִם עֲוֺנ֥וֹת תִּשְׁמָר יָ֑הּ אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י מִ֣י יַעֲמֹֽד

If you, YHWH, shouldest mark iniquities, O Lord, who shall stand?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall keep'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
עֲוֺנ֥וֹתthe punishments ofN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the punishments of'.
תִּשְׁמָרyou shall keepQal impf 2ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַר (H8104) 'you shall keep'.
יָ֑הּYahN · יָהּ (H3050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָהּ (H3050) 'Yah'.
אֲ֝דֹנָ֗יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יַעֲמֹֽדshall standQal impf 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָמַד (H5975) 'shall stand'.
4

כִּֽי עִמְּךָ֥ הַסְּלִיחָ֑ה לְ֝מַ֗עַן תִּוָּרֵֽא

But forgiveness with you, that you mayest be feared.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עִמְּךָ֥with youprep + sfx 2ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with you'.
הַסְּלִיחָ֑הforgivenessart + N com f sg abs · סְלִיחָה (H5547)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סְלִיחָה (H5547) 'forgiveness'.
לְ֝מַ֗עַןso thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
תִּוָּרֵֽאfearN · יָרֵא (H3372)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
5

קִוִּ֣יתִי יְ֭הוָה קִוְּתָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֑י וְֽלִדְבָר֥וֹ הוֹחָֽלְתִּי

I wait for YHWH, my soul does wait, and in his word do I hope.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I wait'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
קִוִּ֣יתִיI waitPiel perf 1cs · קָוָה (H6960)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָוָה (H6960) 'I wait'.
יְ֭הוָהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
קִוְּתָ֣הlet be gatheredPiel perf 3fs · קָוָה (H6960)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָוָה (H6960) 'let be gathered'.
נַפְשִׁ֑יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
וְֽלִדְבָר֥וֹthe matter ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
הוֹחָֽלְתִּיand he waitedHiphil perf 1cs · יָחַל (H3176)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָחַל (H3176) 'and he waited'.
6

נַפְשִׁ֥י לַֽאדֹנָ֑י מִשֹּׁמְרִ֥ים לַ֝בֹּ֗קֶר שֹׁמְרִ֥ים לַבֹּֽקֶר

My soul for YHWH more than they that watch for the morning: they that watch for the morning.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and you shall keep'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
נַפְשִׁ֥יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
לַֽאדֹנָ֑יto my Lordprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'to my Lord'.
מִשֹּׁמְרִ֥יםand you shall keepprep + Qal ptc mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
לַ֝בֹּ֗קֶרuntil morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'until morning'.
שֹׁמְרִ֥יםkeepingQal ptc mp · שָׁמַר (H8104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keeping'.
לַבֹּֽקֶרuntil morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'until morning'.
7

יַחֵ֥ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶל יְה֫וָה כִּֽי עִם יְהוָ֥ה הַחֶ֑סֶד וְהַרְבֵּ֖ה עִמּ֣וֹ פְדֽוּת

Let Israel hope in YHWH: for with YHWH mercy, and with him plenteous redemption.

Imperative — volitional addresswə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and he waited'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
יַחֵ֥לand he waitedPiel impv 2ms · יָחַל (H3176)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָחַל (H3176) 'and he waited'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יְה֫וָהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הַחֶ֑סֶדthe steadfast loveart + N com m sg abs · חֶסֶד (H2617)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'the steadfast love'.
וְהַרְבֵּ֖הand multiplyingconj וְ + Hiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָבָה (H7235) 'and multiplying'.
עִמּ֣וֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with him'.
פְדֽוּתa divisionN c · פְּדוּת (H6304)Construct chain (genitival)פְּדוּת (H6304) 'a division'.
8

וְ֭הוּא יִפְדֶּ֣ה אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִ֝כֹּ֗ל עֲוֺנֹתָֽיו

And he shall redeem Israel from all his iniquities.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'may be ransomed'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְ֭הוּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
יִפְדֶּ֣הmay be ransomedQal impf 3ms · פָּדָה (H6299)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּדָה (H6299) 'may be ransomed'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
מִ֝כֹּ֗לfrom allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'from all'.
עֲוֺנֹתָֽיוthe iniquity ofN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.