1
וַיְהִי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י קָרָ֣א מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו וּלְזִקְנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל
And it came to pass on the eighth day, Moses called Aaron and his sons and the elders of Israel.
וַיְהִי + temporal phrase is the standard formula opening a new narrative section; it marks the transition from the seven days of ordination (ch. 8) to the eighth-day inaugural rite, the climax toward which the whole tabernacle account has moved since Exodus 25.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיְהִי֙and it came to passwayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (formulaic temporal opening)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, formulaic transitionהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become, happen'; the formula וַיְהִי + temporal phrase is the standard narrative transition marking a new major unit (cf. Gen 22:1; Exod 12:41).
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phraseיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; with the article and ordinal שְׁמִינִי, dates the events precisely to the eighth day counting from the start of the seven days of ordination (8:33-35).
הַשְּׁמִינִ֔יthe eighthart + ordinal adj m sg abs · שְׁמִינִי (H8066)Attributive adjective modifying יוֹםשְׁמִינִי (H8066) 'eighth', ordinal from שְׁמֹנֶה 'eight'; marks the climactic day after the seven-day ordination week of ch. 8, the first day of the tabernacle's operative cult.
קָרָ֣אcalledQal perf 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive summoning actקָרָא (H7121) 'to call, summon'; Moses formally convenes the priestly family and elders for the inaugural rite.
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of קָרָאמֹשֶׁה (H4872), proper name; throughout ch. 9 Moses directs while Aaron officiates — the last stage of the transfer of cultic leadership.
לְאַהֲרֹ֖ןto Aaronprep לְ + proper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Indirect object (first of a series)אַהֲרֹן (H175); the preposition לְ marks the addressee summoned.
וּלְבָנָ֑יוand to his sonsconj וְ + prep לְ + N m pl constr + 3ms suff · בֵּן (H1121)Indirect object (second, coordinate)בֵּן (H1121) 'son', plural construct with 3ms suffix, 'his sons' — Aaron's sons, the newly ordained priests.
וּלְזִקְנֵ֖יand to the elders ofconj וְ + prep לְ + adj (as noun) m pl constr · זָקֵן (H2205)Indirect object (third, construct head)זָקֵן (H2205) 'old, elder'; construct plural 'elders of Israel' — the lay representatives present as witnesses to the inaugural rite.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478), proper name of the nation/patriarch; here the political-religious community represented by its elders.
2
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶֽל אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַח לְ֠ךָ עֵ֣גֶל בֶּן בָּקָ֧ר לְחַטָּ֛את וְאַ֥יִל לְעֹלָ֖ה תְּמִימִ֑ם וְהַקְרֵ֖ב לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה
And he said to Aaron, 'Take for yourself a bull calf for a purification offering and a ram for a burnt offering, both without blemish, and bring them near before YHWH.'
Moses' first command sets the pattern replicated for the people in v.3: sin offering first (cleansing), then burnt offering (dedication). The calf for Aaron's own חַטָּאת is a deliberate echo of Exod 32 — the very species of animal Aaron fashioned in apostasy now purges him before he mediates for others.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidwayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (introduces direct speech)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; standard verb introducing direct discourse, here Moses' instructions to Aaron.
אֶֽלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; directional/dative preposition.
אַהֲרֹ֗ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Object of preposition אֶל (addressee)אַהֲרֹן (H175).
קַחtakeQal impv 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperative, direct command)→ Volitional: imperative commandלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; the first cultic command of the inaugural day, echoed by קְחוּ in v.3.
לְ֠ךָfor yourselfprep לְ + 2ms suffDative of interest (ethical/reflexive)לְ + 2ms suffix, 'for yourself'; marks Aaron as personally responsible for his own offering, distinct from the people's in v.3.
עֵ֣גֶלa calfN m sg abs · עֵגֶל (H5695)Direct object of קַחעֵגֶל (H5695) 'calf, young bull'; Aaron's own purification offering — a pointed echo of the golden calf he made in Exod 32, now atoned for with the same species of animal.
בֶּןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct head, age-designation idiomבֵּן (H1121) in the idiom בֶּן בָּקָר 'young of the herd', i.e. a young bull.
בָּקָ֧רof the herdN c sg abs · בָּקָר (H1241)Genitive completing the construct chainבָּקָר (H1241) 'cattle, herd'; collective noun, here specifying the calf's kind.
לְחַטָּ֛אתfor a purification offeringprep לְ + N f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Adverbial/purpose prepositional phrase (specifying offering-category)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'sin/purification offering', from חטא 'to miss, sin, purify'; the offering that cleanses the altar and officiant, appropriate for Aaron's own inaugural rite.
וְאַ֥יִלand a ramconj וְ + N m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Direct object, coordinate with עֵגֶלאַיִל (H352) 'ram'; the animal for the accompanying burnt offering.
לְעֹלָ֖הfor a burnt offeringprep לְ + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Purpose prepositional phraseעֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering', from עלה 'to go up' — wholly consumed on the altar, ascending as smoke.
תְּמִימִ֑םwithout blemishadj m pl abs · תָּמִים (H8549)Attributive adjective modifying both animals (distributed sense)תָּמִים (H8549) 'complete, whole, unblemished'; the standard qualifying term for sacrificial fitness (cf. 1:3, 3:1).
וְהַקְרֵ֖בand bring nearconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2ms · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (imperative, continuing the command chain)→ Volitional: imperative, causative — 'cause to draw near', i.e. present as offeringקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil 'to bring near, present (as offering)'; the technical verb for presenting a sacrifice at the altar.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep לְ + N c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; construct with לְ forms the common idiom לִפְנֵי 'before, in the presence of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of the preposition לִפְנֵי (locative)יְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God; the offerings are staged 'before YHWH' at the tent's entrance.
3
וְאֶל בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵאמֹ֑ר קְח֤וּ שְׂעִיר עִזִּים֙ לְחַטָּ֔את וְעֵ֨גֶל וָכֶ֧בֶשׂ בְּנֵי שָׁנָ֛ה תְּמִימִ֖ם לְעֹלָֽה
And to the sons of Israel you shall speak, saying, 'Take a male goat for a purification offering, and a calf and a lamb, yearlings, without blemish, for a burnt offering.'
The command shifts addressee from Aaron alone to 'the sons of Israel', mediated again through Moses' speech. The people's offerings mirror the priest's (sin offering plus burnt offering) but with different animals — goat, calf, and lamb rather than calf and ram — marking the distinction between priestly and lay sacrifice even within a single shared rite.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Coordinating conjunction + prepositional phrase (fronted for emphasis)וְ + אֶל; the phrase is fronted before the verb, emphasizing the addressee shift from Aaron to Israel.
בְּנֵ֥יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct head of the phrase 'sons of Israel'בֵּן (H1121) construct plural; בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל is the standard designation for the covenant community.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelproper noun · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive completing the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478).
תְּדַבֵּ֣רyou shall speakPiel impf 2ms · דִּבֵּר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause, directive yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — instruction with future/injunctive forceדִּבֵּר (H1696) Piel 'to speak, declare'; Moses is told what to say to the people, distinct from his own direct address to Aaron.
לֵאמֹ֑רsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct introducing quoted speech→ Infinitive: marking the onset of direct discourseאָמַר (H559) inf constr with לְ; the standard quotation-formula 'saying'.
קְח֤וּtakeQal impv 2mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperative, plural addressee)→ Volitional: imperative command to the assemblyלָקַח (H3947) impv mp, addressed to the people (via Moses) as in v.2 to Aaron.
שְׂעִירa male goatN m sg constr · שָׂעִיר (H8163)Direct objectשָׂעִיר (H8163) 'male goat, he-goat'; standard people's sin-offering animal (cf. 4:23; 16:5).
עִזִּים֙of goatsN f pl abs · עֵז (H5795)Genitive specifying species (idiom שְׂעִיר עִזִּים)עֵז (H5795), plural 'goats'; שְׂעִיר עִזִּים is the fixed idiom for 'a male goat'.
לְחַטָּ֔אתfor a purification offeringprep לְ + N f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Purpose prepositional phraseחַטָּאת (H2403); as in v.2, for the people's purification.
וְעֵ֨גֶלand a calfconj וְ + N m sg abs · עֵגֶל (H5695)Direct object, coordinateעֵגֶל (H5695); paired here with a lamb for the people's burnt offering (unlike Aaron's ram, v.2).
וָכֶ֧בֶשׂand a lambconj וְ + N m sg abs · כֶּבֶשׂ (H3532)Direct object, coordinateכֶּבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lamb, young sheep'.
בְּנֵיyearlingsN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct head in the age-idiom בְּנֵי שָׁנָהבֵּן (H1121) construct plural in the idiom בְּנֵי שָׁנָה 'of a year (old)', i.e. yearling animals.
שָׁנָ֛הa yearN f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Genitive completing the age-idiomשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; בְּנֵי שָׁנָה marks the animals as one year old, prime condition.
תְּמִימִ֖םwithout blemishadj m pl abs · תָּמִים (H8549)Attributive adjective (distributive, modifying both animals)תָּמִים (H8549), as v.2.
לְעֹלָֽהfor a burnt offeringprep לְ + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Purpose prepositional phraseעֹלָה (H5930).
4
וְשׁ֨וֹר וָאַ֜יִל לִשְׁלָמִ֗ים לִזְבֹּ֨חַ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּמִנְחָ֖ה בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן כִּ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם יְהוָ֖ה נִרְאָ֥ה אֲלֵיכֶֽם
And an ox and a ram for peace offerings, to sacrifice before YHWH, and a grain offering mixed with oil; for today YHWH will appear to you.
The כִּי-clause supplies the rationale for all the preceding instructions: the extraordinary accumulation of offerings (calf, goat, calves, lambs, ox, ram, grain) is because YHWH himself will appear that very day — the promise fulfilled dramatically in vv.23-24.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְשׁ֨וֹרand an oxconj וְ + N m sg abs · שׁוֹר (H7794)Direct object, continuing the list from v.3 (governed by קְחוּ)שׁוֹר (H7794) 'ox, bull'; added for the peace offering.
וָאַ֜יִלand a ramconj וְ + N m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Direct object, coordinateאַיִל (H352); paired with the ox for שְׁלָמִים.
לִשְׁלָמִ֗יםfor peace offeringsprep לְ + N m pl abs · שֶׁלֶם (H8002)Purpose prepositional phraseשֶׁלֶם (H8002) 'peace/well-being offering', plural of communion sacrifices eaten by the offerer — the only category with a shared meal.
לִזְבֹּ֨חַ֙to sacrificeprep לְ + Qal inf constr · זָבַח (H2076)Infinitive construct expressing purpose→ Infinitive: purpose/result of the preceding commandזָבַח (H2076) 'to slaughter (as sacrifice)'; the general verb for offering sacrifices in which meat is eaten.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לְ + N c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440), idiom as v.2.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of the prepositionיְהוָה (H3068).
וּמִנְחָ֖הand a grain offeringconj וְ + N f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Direct object, coordinate (continuing the list of items to bring)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'gift, tribute, grain offering'; the cereal accompaniment prescribed in ch. 2.
בְּלוּלָ֣הmixedQal passive ptc f sg · בָּלַל (H1101)Attributive participle modifying מִנְחָה→ Passive participle: a resultant, prepared stateבָּלַל (H1101) Qal 'to mix, mingle'; passive ptc describes flour mixed with oil per the grain-offering torah (2:4-5).
בַשָּׁ֑מֶןwith oilprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Instrumental prepositional phraseשֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'oil'; olive oil mixed into the grain offering.
כִּ֣יforconj · כִּי (H3588)Causal conjunction introducing the motive clauseכִּי (H3588) 'for, because, that'; here causal, grounding the command in the imminent theophany.
הַיּ֔וֹםtodayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal adverbial (fronted for emphasis)יוֹם (H3117) with article, adverbial 'today' — the eighth day itself, the day of the offerings.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נִרְאָהיְהוָה (H3068).
נִרְאָ֥הwill appearNiphal perf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Niphal perfective with future-certain nuance: an assured, imminent theophany ('is about to appear')רָאָה (H7200) Niphal 'to appear, be seen, show oneself'; the verb of theophany, anticipating the glory's appearance in v.23.
אֲלֵיכֶֽםto youprep אֶל + 2mp suffPrepositional phrase, indirect object of נִרְאָהאֶל (H413) + 2mp suffix; the entire community is addressed as recipients of the theophany.
5
וַיִּקְח֗וּ אֵ֚ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל פְּנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַֽיִּקְרְבוּ֙ כָּל הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה
And they took what Moses had commanded before the tent of meeting, and all the congregation drew near and stood before YHWH.
Three rapid wayyiqtols (took, drew near, stood) narrate full compliance with Moses' instructions and stage the whole congregation before YHWH at the tent, setting the scene for the promised appearance.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיִּקְח֗וּand they tookwayyiqtol 3mp · לָקַח (H3947)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — compliance follows commandלָקַח (H3947); the people's obedient execution of the command of vv.2-4.
אֵ֚ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object, the relative clause)אֵת (H853), marking the following relative clause אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה as the definite object.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthat whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a headless relative clause (functioning as the object)אֲשֶׁר (H834), here nominal 'that which', object of וַיִּקְחוּ.
צִוָּ֣הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: an antecedent, completed command (vv.2-4)צִוָּה (H6680) Piel 'to command'; used repeatedly through the chapter as the refrain of obedience (vv.6,7,10,21).
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413), here spatial 'to the front of'.
פְּנֵ֖יthe front ofN c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct head, locative idiomפָּנִים (H6440), construct 'face of' = 'front of, before'.
אֹ֣הֶלtent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Construct chain (genitival), completing פְּנֵיאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; construct with מוֹעֵד, 'tent of meeting'.
מוֹעֵ֑דmeetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive completing the construct chain 'tent of meeting'מוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time, meeting'; אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד is the sanctuary's standard designation as the locus of divine-human encounter.
וַֽיִּקְרְבוּ֙and they drew nearwayyiqtol 3mp · קָרַב (H7126)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרַב (H7126) Qal 'to draw near, approach'; the congregation's approach to witness the rite.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head, quantifier modifying הָעֵדָהכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct 'all of the congregation'.
הָ֣עֵדָ֔הthe congregationart + N f sg abs · עֵדָה (H5712)Genitive completing the quantifier construct; subject of the following verbsעֵדָה (H5712) 'congregation, assembly', from יָעַד 'to appoint, meet'; the whole community as a formal body, distinct from 'the people' (הָעָם) used later in the chapter.
וַיַּֽעַמְד֖וּand they stoodwayyiqtol 3mp · עָמַד (H5975)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) 'to stand'; the congregation takes its position to observe, poised before the impending theophany.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep לְ + N c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440), idiom.
יְהוָֽהYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of the prepositionיְהוָה (H3068).
6
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה זֶ֧ה הַדָּבָ֛ר אֲשֶׁר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ וְיֵרָ֥א אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָֽה
And Moses said, 'This is the thing that YHWH commanded you to do, that the glory of YHWH may appear to you.'
Moses explains the theological logic of the whole day: the elaborate offerings are 'the thing YHWH commanded', and their purpose is explicitly that the כְּבוֹד יְהוָה — the glory of YHWH — may appear. This is the first mention of כָּבוֹד in the chapter, anticipating its visible arrival in v.23.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidwayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (introduces speech)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶרמֹשֶׁה (H4872).
זֶ֧הthisdem pron m sg · זֶה (H2088)Subject of the verbless clause (demonstrative pronoun)זֶה (H2088), demonstrative 'this', pointing to the rite just performed.
הַדָּבָ֛רthe thingart + N m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Predicate nominative (head of the following relative clause)דָּבָר (H1697) 'word, thing, matter'; here 'the thing/matter' that YHWH commanded.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing an attributive relative clause modifying הַדָּבָראֲשֶׁר (H834).
צִוָּ֥הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Perfective: a completed antecedent commandצִוָּה (H6680).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068).
תַּעֲשׂ֑וּyou shall doQal impf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Complementary/purpose clause verb (object complement of צִוָּה, asyndetic)→ Yiqtol: modal/injunctive — the content of the commandעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; here the object-content of what YHWH commanded, asyndetically attached (a frequent construction after צִוָּה).
וְיֵרָ֥אthat ... may appearconj וְ + Niphal jussive 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Purpose/result clause verb (final clause)→ Jussive-like yiqtol expressing purpose/result: the intended outcome of obedienceרָאָה (H7200) Niphal 'to appear'; purpose clause — obedience is the precondition for the theophany.
אֲלֵיכֶ֖םto youprep אֶל + 2mp suffPrepositional phrase, indirect object of יֵרָאאֶל (H413) + 2mp suffix.
כְּב֥וֹדthe glory ofN c sg constr · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Subject of יֵרָא (construct head)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'glory, weightiness, honor', from כבד 'to be heavy'; the visible, weighty manifestation of YHWH's presence — the chapter's central theological term, first introduced here and consummated in v.23.
יְהוָֽהYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive completing the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068).
7
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶֽל אַהֲרֹ֗ן קְרַ֤ב אֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ וַעֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת חַטָּֽאתְךָ֙ וְאֶת עֹ֣לָתֶ֔ךָ וְכַפֵּ֥ר בַּֽעַדְךָ֖ וּבְעַ֣ד הָעָ֑ם וַעֲשֵׂ֞ה אֶת קָרְבַּ֤ן הָעָם֙ וְכַפֵּ֣ר בַּֽעֲדָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָֽה
And Moses said to Aaron, 'Draw near to the altar and perform your purification offering and your burnt offering, and make atonement for yourself and for the people; and perform the offering of the people and make atonement for them, as YHWH commanded.'
Moses now commands Aaron directly to begin, structuring the whole day around a chiasm of atonement: first for himself (his own חַטָּאת/עֹלָה), then for the people (קָרְבַּן הָעָם), each culminating in כִּפֶּר. The refrain כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה anchors the entire day's ritual in prior divine legislation (chs. 1-8).
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidwayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (introduces speech)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559).
מֹשֶׁ֜הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶרמֹשֶׁה (H4872).
אֶֽלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addresseeאֶל (H413).
אַהֲרֹ֗ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Object of preposition אֶל (addressee)אַהֲרֹן (H175).
קְרַ֤בdraw nearQal impv 2ms · קָרַב (H7126)Predicate verb (imperative, initiating command sequence)→ Volitional: imperative command initiating Aaron's own riteקָרַב (H7126) Qal 'to draw near, approach (the altar to officiate)'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413).
הַמִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙the altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Object of the prepositionמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'altar', from זבח 'to sacrifice'; the outer bronze altar of burnt offering, focal point of the entire chapter.
וַעֲשֵׂ֞הand performconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (imperative, continuing command chain)→ Volitional: imperativeעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, perform (a rite)'; technical term for executing a sacrificial procedure.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
חַטָּֽאתְךָ֙your purification offeringN f sg constr + 2ms suff · חַטָּאת (H2403)Direct object of וַעֲשֵׂהחַטָּאת (H2403) + 2ms suffix; Aaron's own purification offering from v.2, purging himself before he can mediate for others.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ + אֵת.
עֹ֣לָתֶ֔ךָyour burnt offeringN f sg constr + 2ms suff · עֹלָה (H5930)Direct object, coordinateעֹלָה (H5930) + 2ms suffix.
וְכַפֵּ֥רand make atonementconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms · כִּפֶּר (H3722)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperative — the priestly function of atonementכִּפֶּר (H3722) Piel 'to atone, make atonement, purge'; the goal-verb of the whole cultic complex — atonement for priest and people alike.
בַּֽעַדְךָ֖for yourselfprep בְּעַד + 2ms suffPrepositional phrase, beneficiary of כַּפֵּרבְּעַד (H1157) 'behind, on behalf of'; here 'for/on behalf of yourself'.
וּבְעַ֣דand forconj וְ + prep · בְּעַד (H1157)Prepositional phrase, coordinate beneficiaryבְּעַד (H1157), coordinated.
הָעָ֑םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Object of the preposition בְּעַדעַם (H5971) 'people'; here the lay community, for whom Aaron also atones.
וַעֲשֵׂ֞הand performconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעָשָׂה (H6213), repeated.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
קָרְבַּ֤ןthe offering ofN m sg constr · קָרְבָּן (H7133)Direct object (construct head)קָרְבָּן (H7133) 'offering, that which is brought near', from קרב; general term for any sacrifice.
הָעָם֙the peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive completing the construct chainעַם (H5971).
וְכַפֵּ֣רand make atonementconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms · כִּפֶּר (H3722)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeכִּפֶּר (H3722).
בַּֽעֲדָ֔םfor themprep בְּעַד + 3mp suffPrepositional phrase, beneficiaryבְּעַד (H1157) + 3mp suffix.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רasprep כְּ + rel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunction introducing a conformity clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (H834+כְּ) 'just as, according as'; the recurring refrain of the chapter grounding every rite in prior divine command.
צִוָּ֥הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb of the כַּאֲשֶׁר-clause→ Perfective: completed antecedent commandצִוָּה (H6680).
יְהוָֽהYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068).
8
וַיִּקְרַ֥ב אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיִּשְׁחַ֛ט אֶת עֵ֥גֶל הַחַטָּ֖את אֲשֶׁר לֽוֹ
And Aaron drew near to the altar and slaughtered the calf of the purification offering which was his own.
The narrative now enacts Moses' command of v.7 verbatim: Aaron approaches and slaughters his own calf first — the priest must be purified before he can purify others. The closing אֲשֶׁר לוֹ underscores that this sin offering is personally his, recalling the golden calf he once made for the nation (Exod 32) and now, by a bitter irony, offers as his own atonement.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּקְרַ֥בand he drew nearwayyiqtol 3ms · קָרַב (H7126)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — obedience enactedקָרַב (H7126).
אַהֲרֹ֖ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subjectאַהֲרֹן (H175).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413).
הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַthe altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Object of prepositionמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
וַיִּשְׁחַ֛טand he slaughteredwayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁחַט (H7819)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the first cultic act of Aaron's priesthoodשָׁחַט (H7819) 'to slaughter'; the technical verb of sacrificial killing.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
עֵ֥גֶלthe calf ofN m sg constr · עֵגֶל (H5695)Direct object (construct head)עֵגֶל (H5695).
הַחַטָּ֖אתthe purification offeringart + N f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Genitive completing the construct chainחַטָּאת (H2403).
אֲשֶׁרwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing an attributive clause modifying עֵגֶל הַחַטָּאתאֲשֶׁר (H834).
לֽוֹwas his ownprep לְ + 3ms suffPredicate of the relative clause (possessive לְ + suffix)לְ + 3ms suffix, possessive predicate: the calf was specifically Aaron's own, for his own sin, echoing v.2's לְךָ.
9
וַ֠יַּקְרִבוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֣ן אֶת הַדָּם֮ אֵלָיו֒ וַיִּטְבֹּ֤ל אֶצְבָּעוֹ֙ בַּדָּ֔ם וַיִּתֵּ֖ן עַל קַרְנ֣וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְאֶת הַדָּ֣ם יָצַ֔ק אֶל יְס֖וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ
And Aaron's sons brought the blood to him, and he dipped his finger in the blood and put it on the horns of the altar, and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of the altar.
The blood rite follows the sin-offering pattern of 4:5-7 exactly: sons collect and bring the blood, Aaron dips his finger and applies it to the altar's horns, then pours the remainder at its base. The fronting of וְאֶת הַדָּם before יָצַק marks a disjunctive clause, spotlighting the disposal of the remaining blood as a distinct, climactic action within the verse.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַ֠יַּקְרִבוּand they broughtwayyiqtol 3mp (Hiphil) · קָרַב (H7126)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil 'to bring near, present'; here the sons' assisting role in the blood rite.
בְּנֵ֨יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject (construct head)בֵּן (H1121).
אַהֲרֹ֣ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Genitive completing the construct chainאַהֲרֹן (H175).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַדָּם֮the bloodart + N m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Direct objectדָּם (H1818) 'blood'; the ritually potent substance of the sin-offering rite (cf. 4:5-7).
אֵלָיו֒to himprep אֶל + 3ms suffPrepositional phrase, indirect object (to Aaron)אֶל (H413) + 3ms suffix.
וַיִּטְבֹּ֤לand he dippedwayyiqtol 3ms · טָבַל (H2881)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceטָבַל (H2881) 'to dip'; Aaron personally performs the blood manipulation, unlike the collecting done by his sons.
אֶצְבָּעוֹ֙his fingerN f sg constr + 3ms suff · אֶצְבַּע (H676)Direct object of וַיִּטְבֹּלאֶצְבַּע (H676) 'finger'; the priestly instrument for applying blood (cf. 4:6).
בַּדָּ֔םin the bloodprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Locative/instrumental prepositional phraseדָּם (H1818).
וַיִּתֵּ֖ןand he putwayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put, place'; here 'apply, daub'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921) 'upon, on'.
קַרְנ֣וֹתthe horns ofN c pl constr · קֶרֶן (H7161)Object of preposition (construct head)קֶרֶן (H7161) 'horn'; the four projections at the altar's corners, the most sacred point of contact for sin-offering blood (cf. 4:7,25).
הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַthe altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Genitive completing the construct chainמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted object, resumed by יָצַק)וְ + אֵת; the fronted object anticipates the verb יָצַק.
הַדָּ֣םthe rest of the bloodart + N m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Direct object, fronted before its verb יָצַק for emphasis/contrastדָּם (H1818); the remainder after the horn-application.
יָצַ֔קhe poured outQal perf 3ms · יָצַק (H3332)Predicate verb (main clause, disjunctive word order — object fronted)→ Perfective: a completed disposal act, marked as distinct from the preceding wayyiqtol chain by the fronted objectיָצַק (H3332) 'to pour out'; the disposal of the remaining blood at the altar's base, completing the blood rite (cf. 4:7).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413).
יְס֖וֹדthe base ofN m sg constr · יְסוֹד (H3247)Object of preposition (construct head)יְסוֹד (H3247) 'foundation, base'.
הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַthe altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Genitive completing the construct chainמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
10
וְאֶת הַחֵ֨לֶב וְאֶת הַכְּלָיֹ֜ת וְאֶת הַיֹּתֶ֤רֶת מִן הַכָּבֵד֙ מִן הַ֣חַטָּ֔את הִקְטִ֖יר הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת מֹשֶֽׁה
And the fat and the kidneys and the appendage of the liver from the purification offering he burned on the altar, as YHWH commanded Moses.
The fronted triple object (fat, kidneys, liver-appendage) before its verb הִקְטִיר lists the fat portions in the fixed order of 3:4/4:8-9 before naming the action, a common Hebrew narrative technique for itemized ritual detail. The chapter's compliance-refrain 'as YHWH commanded Moses' recurs, binding this act to the sin-offering law of ch. 4.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (first of a fronted list of objects)וְ + אֵת.
הַחֵ֨לֶבthe fatart + N m sg abs · חֵלֶב (H2459)Direct object, fronted before its verb הִקְטִירחֵלֶב (H2459) 'fat, suet'; the fat portions belong exclusively to YHWH, burned on the altar (cf. 3:16-17).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ + אֵת.
הַכְּלָיֹ֜תthe kidneysart + N f pl abs · כִּלְיָה (H3629)Direct object, coordinateכִּלְיָה (H3629) 'kidney'; standard fat-portion organ (cf. 3:4).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ + אֵת.
הַיֹּתֶ֤רֶתthe appendage ofart + N f sg abs · יֹתֶרֶת (H3508)Direct object, coordinate (construct-like head before מִן phrase)יֹתֶרֶת (H3508) 'that which remains/protrudes'; the caudate lobe or appendage of the liver, a fixed item in the fat-portion list (cf. 3:4).
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phrase specifying the appendage's sourceמִן (H4480) 'from, out of'.
הַכָּבֵד֙the liverart + N f sg abs · כָּבֵד (H3516)Object of the preposition מִןכָּבֵד (H3516) 'liver'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phrase specifying the source animalמִן (H4480).
הַ֣חַטָּ֔אתthe purification offeringart + N f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Object of the preposition מִןחַטָּאת (H2403).
הִקְטִ֖ירhe burnedHiphil perf 3ms · קָטַר (H6999)Predicate verb (main clause; object fronted for the whole list)→ Perfective: a completed ritual-burning actקָטַר (H6999) Hiphil 'to turn into smoke, burn as offering'; technical verb for the altar-burning of the fat portions.
הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָהon the altarart + N m sg abs + directive ־ָה · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Locative adverbial (directive suffix)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) with directional ־ָה suffix, 'to/at the altar'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֛רasprep כְּ + rel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunction introducing a conformity clauseכַּאֲשֶׁר (H834).
צִוָּ֥הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb of the כַּאֲשֶׁר-clause→ Perfective: completed antecedent commandצִוָּה (H6680).
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of צִוָּהיְהוָה (H3068).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
מֹשֶֽׁהMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Direct object of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872); the chapter's refrain 'as YHWH commanded Moses' ties present practice to Sinai legislation (Lev 4).
11
וְאֶת הַבָּשָׂ֖ר וְאֶת הָע֑וֹר שָׂרַ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ מִח֖וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽה
But the flesh and the hide he burned with fire outside the camp.
Unlike the fat, which ascends on the altar, the flesh and hide of Aaron's own purification offering are burned outside the camp — the priest may not eat his own purification offering (distinct from the people's, which priests do eat, 6:19-23), since he himself is the offerer, not merely the officiant.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)וְ + אֵת.
הַבָּשָׂ֖רthe fleshart + N m sg abs · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Direct object, fronted before its verb שָׂרַףבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, meat'; unlike the people's purification-offering flesh (eaten by priests, 6:19), the flesh of a priest's own purification offering may not be eaten (cf. 6:23) and must be burned.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ + אֵת.
הָע֑וֹרthe hideart + N m sg abs · עוֹר (H5785)Direct object, coordinateעוֹר (H5785) 'skin, hide'.
שָׂרַ֣ףhe burnedQal perf 3ms · שָׂרַף (H8313)Predicate verb (main clause; object fronted)→ Perfective: a completed disposal actשָׂרַף (H8313) 'to burn (completely, as disposal)'; distinct from קָטַר, the altar-smoke verb — this is destruction outside the camp, per the law of 4:11-12,21; 6:23.
בָּאֵ֔שׁwith fireprep בְּ + art + N c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Instrumental prepositional phraseאֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
מִח֖וּץoutsideprep מִן + N m sg abs · חוּץ (H2351)Locative prepositional phraseחוּץ (H2351) 'outside, exterior'; with מִן, 'outside of'.
לַֽמַּחֲנֶֽהthe campprep לְ + art + N c sg abs · מַחֲנֶה (H4264)Object of the compound preposition, completing the locative phraseמַחֲנֶה (H4264) 'camp'; the boundary of ritual purity — purification-offering remains too holy for ordinary consumption go outside it (cf. Heb 13:11-13).
12
וַיִּשְׁחַ֖ט אֶת הָעֹלָ֑ה וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֵלָיו֙ אֶת הַדָּ֔ם וַיִּזְרְקֵ֥הוּ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב
And he slaughtered the burnt offering, and Aaron's sons handed him the blood, and he dashed it against the altar all around.
The rite now moves to Aaron's burnt offering, following the standard procedure of ch. 1: slaughter, then blood dashed all around the altar (contrast the purification offering's finger-application to the horns in v.9) — the differing blood rites mark the differing purposes of the two offering types even within one continuous ceremony.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּשְׁחַ֖טand he slaughteredwayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁחַט (H7819)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — moving to the burnt offeringשָׁחַט (H7819).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הָעֹלָ֑הthe burnt offeringart + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Direct object of וַיִּשְׁחַטעֹלָה (H5930); Aaron's own ram from v.2.
וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּand they handedwayyiqtol 3mp (Hiphil) · מָצָא (H4672)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָצָא (H4672) Hiphil 'to cause to reach, hand over, present'; the sons' assisting role, as in v.9.
בְּנֵ֨יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject (construct head)בֵּן (H1121).
אַהֲרֹ֤ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Genitive completing the construct chainאַהֲרֹן (H175).
אֵלָיו֙to himprep אֶל + 3ms suffPrepositional phrase, indirect objectאֶל (H413) + 3ms suffix.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַדָּ֔םthe bloodart + N m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Direct object of וַיַּמְצִיאוּדָּם (H1818).
וַיִּזְרְקֵ֥הוּand he dashed itwayyiqtol 3ms + 3ms suff · זָרַק (H2236)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceזָרַק (H2236) 'to dash, sprinkle (in quantity)'; the burnt/peace-offering blood rite, distinct from the finger-application of the purification offering.
עַלagainstprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921).
הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַthe altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Object of prepositionמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
סָבִֽיבall aroundN c sg abs (adverbial) · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial accusative modifying the manner of dashingסָבִיב (H5439) 'surrounding, all around'; the blood struck against all sides of the altar, per the burnt/peace-offering rite (1:5,11; 3:2).
13
וְאֶת הָעֹלָ֗ה הִמְצִ֧יאוּ אֵלָ֛יו לִנְתָחֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת הָרֹ֑אשׁ וַיַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ
And they handed him the burnt offering, piece by piece, and the head, and he burned them on the altar.
The dismembered pieces and head are handed to Aaron and burned whole on the altar, matching the burnt-offering law of ch. 1 in every particular — nothing is withheld, since (unlike the purification offering) the entire animal ascends as smoke.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)וְ + אֵת.
הָעֹלָ֗הthe burnt offeringart + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Direct object, fronted before its verb הִמְצִיאוּעֹלָה (H5930).
הִמְצִ֧יאוּthey handedHiphil perf 3cp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (main clause; object fronted)→ Perfective: a completed presenting actמָצָא (H4672) Hiphil, as v.12.
אֵלָ֛יוto himprep אֶל + 3ms suffPrepositional phrase, indirect objectאֶל (H413) + 3ms suffix.
לִנְתָחֶ֖יהָpiece by pieceprep לְ + N m pl constr + 3fs suff · נֵתַח (H5409)Adverbial prepositional phrase of manner/distributionנֵתַח (H5409) 'piece, cut (of meat)'; distributive לְ, 'according to its pieces' — the dismembered portions of ch. 1's burnt-offering law (1:6,12).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ + אֵת.
הָרֹ֑אשׁthe headart + N m sg abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Direct object, coordinateרֹאשׁ (H7218) 'head'; named separately per the burnt-offering procedure (1:8,12).
וַיַּקְטֵ֖רand he burnedwayyiqtol 3ms (Hiphil) · קָטַר (H6999)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָטַר (H6999) Hiphil, as v.10 — the altar-smoke verb, here for the whole burnt offering ascending as smoke.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921).
הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַthe altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Object of prepositionמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
14
וַיִּרְחַ֥ץ אֶת הַקֶּ֖רֶב וְאֶת הַכְּרָעָ֑יִם וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר עַל הָעֹלָ֖ה הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה
And he washed the entrails and the legs, and he burned them on the burnt offering, on the altar.
Washing the entrails and legs before burning them fulfills the specific requirement of 1:9,13 — even the burnt offering, wholly given to God, must be presented clean. With this the burnt offering is complete, and the narrative turns (v.15) to the offerings on behalf of the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיִּרְחַ֥ץand he washedwayyiqtol 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָחַץ (H7364) 'to wash, bathe'; per the requirement of 1:9,13 that entrails and legs be washed before burning.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַקֶּ֖רֶבthe entrailsart + N m sg abs · קֶרֶב (H7130)Direct object of וַיִּרְחַץקֶרֶב (H7130) 'inward part, entrails'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ + אֵת.
הַכְּרָעָ֑יִםthe legsart + N c dual abs · כְּרָעַיִם (H3767)Direct object, coordinateכְּרָעַיִם (H3767), dual 'legs, shins' (of the animal, lower parts).
וַיַּקְטֵ֥רand he burnedwayyiqtol 3ms (Hiphil) · קָטַר (H6999)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָטַר (H6999) Hiphil.
עַלon/uponprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921); here 'in addition to, upon' the already-placed pieces.
הָעֹלָ֖הthe burnt offeringart + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Object of prepositionעֹלָה (H5930); the washed parts are added atop the pieces already on the altar.
הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָהon the altarart + N m sg abs + directive ־ָה · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Locative adverbial (directive suffix)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) with directional ־ָה, as v.10.
15
וַיַּקְרֵ֕ב אֵ֖ת קָרְבַּ֣ן הָעָ֑ם וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת שְׂעִ֤יר הַֽחַטָּאת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָעָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֥הוּ וַֽיְחַטְּאֵ֖הוּ כָּרִאשֽׁוֹן
And he brought near the offering of the people, and took the goat of the purification offering which was for the people, and slaughtered it and performed the purification rite with it as with the first.
The narrative summarizes the people's purification offering compactly with a single verb (וַיְחַטְּאֵהוּ, 'he performed the purification rite on it') rather than repeating every step, and explicitly notes כָּרִאשׁוֹן, 'as with the first' — the same procedure just narrated in detail for Aaron's own calf now applies, without repetition, to the people's goat.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיַּקְרֵ֕בand he brought nearwayyiqtol 3ms (Hiphil) · קָרַב (H7126)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — turning to the people's offeringsקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil.
אֵ֖ת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
קָרְבַּ֣ןthe offering ofN m sg constr · קָרְבָּן (H7133)Direct object (construct head)קָרְבָּן (H7133).
הָעָ֑םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive completing the construct chainעַם (H5971).
וַיִּקַּ֞חand he tookwayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
שְׂעִ֤ירthe goat ofN m sg constr · שָׂעִיר (H8163)Direct object (construct head)שָׂעִיר (H8163).
הַֽחַטָּאת֙the purification offeringart + N f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Genitive completing the construct chainחַטָּאת (H2403).
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing an attributive clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834).
לָעָ֔םwas for the peopleprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Predicate of the relative clauseעַם (H5971) with לְ.
וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֥הוּand he slaughtered itwayyiqtol 3ms + 3ms suff · שָׁחַט (H7819)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחַט (H7819) + 3ms suffix.
וַֽיְחַטְּאֵ֖הוּand he performed the purification rite on itwayyiqtol 3ms (Piel) + 3ms suff · חָטָא (H2398)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָטָא (H2398) Piel 'to purify by purification-rite, de-sin'; denominative-like usage summarizing the whole blood/fat procedure of vv.9-10 in one verb.
כָּרִאשֽׁוֹןas with the firstprep כְּ + art + adj m sg abs · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Comparative prepositional phrase (adverbial, comparing this rite to Aaron's own of vv.8-11)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first, former'; the comparison points back to Aaron's own purification offering, confirming the procedure was identical for priest and people.
16
וַיַּקְרֵ֖ב אֶת הָעֹלָ֑ה וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֖הָ כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט
And he brought near the burnt offering and performed it according to the ordinance.
The verse compresses the entire burnt-offering procedure (slaughter, blood-dashing, dismemberment, washing, burning — detailed at length for Aaron's own offering in vv.12-14) into a single formula, כַּמִּשְׁפָּט, 'according to the rule' — narrative economy signals that no new procedure is needed, only faithful repetition.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיַּקְרֵ֖בand he brought nearwayyiqtol 3ms (Hiphil) · קָרַב (H7126)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הָעֹלָ֑הthe burnt offeringart + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Direct objectעֹלָה (H5930); the people's ram/calf/lamb burnt offering of v.3.
וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֖הָand he performed itwayyiqtol 3ms + 3fs suff · עָשָׂה (H6213)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) + suffix; summary verb for the whole burnt-offering procedure just detailed for Aaron's own (vv.12-14), here compacted for the people's.
כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽטaccording to the ordinanceprep כְּ + art + N m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Adverbial prepositional phrase of conformity (manner)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment, custom, ordinance', from שׁפט; here the fixed procedural rule of ch. 1, echoing כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה elsewhere in the chapter.
17
וַיַּקְרֵב֮ אֶת הַמִּנְחָה֒ וַיְמַלֵּ֤א כַפּוֹ֙ מִמֶּ֔נָּה וַיַּקְטֵ֖ר עַל הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ מִלְּבַ֖ד עֹלַ֥ת הַבֹּֽקֶר
And he brought near the grain offering and filled his palm from it and burned it on the altar, besides the burnt offering of the morning.
The grain offering is presented and its token handful burned, completing the priestly-portion sequence of ch. 2. The closing note מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַבֹּקֶר clarifies that these inaugural sacrifices are additional to, not a replacement for, the regular twice-daily תָמִיד offering already instituted at Sinai — the ordinary cultic rhythm continues even as the extraordinary eighth-day rite unfolds.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיַּקְרֵב֮and he brought nearwayyiqtol 3ms (Hiphil) · קָרַב (H7126)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרַב (H7126) Hiphil.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַמִּנְחָה֒the grain offeringart + N f sg abs · מִנְחָה (H4503)Direct objectמִנְחָה (H4503); from v.4, the grain offering mixed with oil.
וַיְמַלֵּ֤אand he filledwayyiqtol 3ms (Piel) · מָלֵא (H4390)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלֵא (H4390) Piel 'to fill'; the technical gesture of taking the memorial handful (cf. 2:2).
כַפּוֹ֙his palmN f sg constr + 3ms suff · כַּף (H3709)Direct object of וַיְמַלֵּאכַּף (H3709) 'palm, hollow of the hand'; the priest's handful (קֹמֶץ, though the noun itself here is 'palm') taken as the token portion.
מִמֶּ֔נָּהfrom itprep מִן + 3fs suffPartitive prepositional phraseמִן (H4480) + 3fs suffix (referring to הַמִּנְחָה).
וַיַּקְטֵ֖רand he burnedwayyiqtol 3ms (Hiphil) · קָטַר (H6999)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָטַר (H6999) Hiphil.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921).
הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַthe altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Object of prepositionמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
מִלְּבַ֖דbesidesprep מִן + prep לְ + N m sg constr · בַּד (H905)Adverbial prepositional phrase (exceptive)בַּד (H905) 'separation, apartness'; compound preposition מִן + לְ + בַד, 'apart from, in addition to'.
עֹלַ֥תthe burnt offering ofN f sg constr · עֹלָה (H5930)Object of the exceptive preposition (construct head)עֹלָה (H5930).
הַבֹּֽקֶרthe morningart + N m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Genitive completing the construct chainבֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'; the regular daily תָמִיד burnt offering (cf. Exod 29:38-42) continues alongside these special inaugural sacrifices.
18
וַיִּשְׁחַ֤ט אֶת הַשּׁוֹר֙ וְאֶת הָאַ֔יִל זֶ֥בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לָעָ֑ם וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּ בְּנֵ֨י אַהֲרֹ֤ן אֶת הַדָּם֙ אֵלָ֔יו וַיִּזְרְקֵ֥הוּ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב
And he slaughtered the ox and the ram, the sacrifice of peace offerings that was for the people; and Aaron's sons handed him the blood, and he dashed it against the altar all around.
The third and final offering-type for the people — the peace offering — begins, following the blood procedure already modeled for the burnt offering (dashed all around, not applied to the horns), signaling the shared blood rite of עֹלָה and שְׁלָמִים as against the חַטָּאת's finger-application.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיִּשְׁחַ֤טand he slaughteredwayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁחַט (H7819)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — moving to the peace offeringשָׁחַט (H7819).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַשּׁוֹר֙the oxart + N m sg abs · שׁוֹר (H7794)Direct objectשׁוֹר (H7794); from v.4.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ + אֵת.
הָאַ֔יִלthe ramart + N m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Direct object, coordinateאַיִל (H352).
זֶ֥בַחthe sacrifice ofN m sg constr · זֶבַח (H2077)Appositive to הַשּׁוֹר וְהָאַיִל (construct head)זֶבַח (H2077) 'sacrifice', from זבח; in apposition, identifying the ox and ram as the peace-offering victims.
הַשְּׁלָמִ֖יםof peace offeringsart + N m pl abs · שֶׁלֶם (H8002)Genitive completing the construct chainשֶׁלֶם (H8002); as v.4.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing an attributive clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834).
לָעָ֑םwas for the peopleprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Predicate of the relative clauseעַם (H5971) with לְ.
וַ֠יַּמְצִאוּand they handedwayyiqtol 3mp (Hiphil) · מָצָא (H4672)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָצָא (H4672) Hiphil.
בְּנֵ֨יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject (construct head)בֵּן (H1121).
אַהֲרֹ֤ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Genitive completing the construct chainאַהֲרֹן (H175).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַדָּם֙the bloodart + N m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Direct object of וַיַּמְצִיאוּדָּם (H1818).
אֵלָ֔יוto himprep אֶל + 3ms suffPrepositional phrase, indirect objectאֶל (H413) + 3ms suffix.
וַיִּזְרְקֵ֥הוּand he dashed itwayyiqtol 3ms + 3ms suff · זָרַק (H2236)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceזָרַק (H2236) + suffix.
עַלagainstprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921).
הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַthe altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Object of prepositionמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
סָבִֽיבall aroundN c sg abs (adverbial) · סָבִיב (H5439)Adverbial accusative of mannerסָבִיב (H5439).
19
וְאֶת הַחֲלָבִ֖ים מִן הַשּׁ֑וֹר וּמִן הָאַ֔יִל הָֽאַלְיָ֤ה וְהַֽמְכַסֶּה֙ וְהַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְיֹתֶ֖רֶת הַכָּבֵֽד
And the fat portions from the ox, and from the ram the fat tail, and the covering fat, and the kidneys, and the appendage of the liver.
The fat portions belonging to YHWH from the peace offering are itemized in the fixed list of 3:3-4,9-10 — kidneys, liver-appendage, and covering fat from both ox and ram, plus the tail-fat specific to the ram — before the verb finally arrives in v.20 (וַיָּשִׂימוּ), a long fronted object typical of Hebrew ritual-list style.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted; resumed as object in v.20)וְ + אֵת.
הַחֲלָבִ֖יםthe fat portionsart + N m pl abs · חֵלֶב (H2459)Direct object (grammatically completed in v.20's verb)חֵלֶב (H2459), plural.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phraseמִן (H4480).
הַשּׁ֑וֹרthe oxart + N m sg abs · שׁוֹר (H7794)Object of the preposition מִןשׁוֹר (H7794).
וּמִןand fromconj וְ + prep · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phrase, coordinateמִן (H4480).
הָאַ֔יִלthe ramart + N m sg abs · אַיִל (H352)Object of the prepositionאַיִל (H352).
הָֽאַלְיָ֤הthe fat tailart + N f sg abs · אַלְיָה (H451)Appositive, specifying the fat portions from the ramאַלְיָה (H451) 'fat tail'; the broad-tailed sheep's prized fat tail, offered only from the שְׁלָמִים ram/lamb (cf. 3:9).
וְהַֽמְכַסֶּה֙and the covering fatconj וְ + art + N m sg abs · מְכַסֶּה (H4374)Appositive, coordinateמְכַסֶּה (H4374) 'covering', from כסה 'to cover'; the fat that covers the entrails.
וְהַכְּלָיֹ֔תand the kidneysconj וְ + art + N f pl abs · כִּלְיָה (H3629)Appositive, coordinateכִּלְיָה (H3629).
וְיֹתֶ֖רֶתand the appendage ofconj וְ + N f sg constr · יֹתֶרֶת (H3508)Appositive, coordinate (construct head)יֹתֶרֶת (H3508).
הַכָּבֵֽדthe liverart + N f sg abs · כָּבֵד (H3516)Genitive completing the construct chainכָּבֵד (H3516).
20
וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת הַחֲלָבִ֖ים עַל הֶחָז֑וֹת וַיַּקְטֵ֥ר הַחֲלָבִ֖ים הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה
And they put the fat portions on the breasts, and he burned the fat portions on the altar.
The unusual detail of placing the fat portions momentarily on the breasts (rather than carrying them directly to the altar) sets up the elevation rite of v.21, where the breast itself — once freed of the fat — becomes the תְּנוּפָה, the priestly portion waved before YHWH.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּand they putwayyiqtol 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'to put, place'; the sons place the fat portions (itemized in v.19) atop the breasts, in preparation for the elevation-and-burning sequence.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הַחֲלָבִ֖יםthe fat portionsart + N m pl abs · חֵלֶב (H2459)Direct object of וַיָּשִׂימוּחֵלֶב (H2459).
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921).
הֶחָז֑וֹתthe breastsart + N m pl abs · חָזֶה (H2373)Object of prepositionחָזֶה (H2373) 'breast'; the breast piece, subsequently waved as a תְּנוּפָה (v.21), here temporarily bearing the fat portions to the altar.
וַיַּקְטֵ֥רand he burnedwayyiqtol 3ms (Hiphil) · קָטַר (H6999)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָטַר (H6999) Hiphil.
הַחֲלָבִ֖יםthe fat portionsart + N m pl abs · חֵלֶב (H2459)Direct object of וַיַּקְטֵר (asyndetic, no אֵת)חֵלֶב (H2459), repeated.
הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָהon the altarart + N m sg abs + directive ־ָה · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Locative adverbial (directive suffix)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) with directional ־ָה.
21
וְאֵ֣ת הֶחָז֗וֹת וְאֵת֙ שׁ֣וֹק הַיָּמִ֔ין הֵנִ֧יף אַהֲרֹ֛ן תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה מֹשֶֽׁה
But the breasts and the right thigh Aaron waved as a wave offering before YHWH, as Moses commanded.
The breast and right thigh — the priests' perpetual dues legislated in 7:28-36 — are elevated by Aaron himself as a תְּנוּפָה. Distinctively, the closing formula here reads 'as Moses commanded' rather than the chapter's usual 'as YHWH commanded', crediting Moses as the one who conveyed this particular instruction (cf. 7:34-36, addressed to Moses).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְאֵ֣תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted)וְ + אֵת.
הֶחָז֗וֹתthe breastsart + N m pl abs · חָזֶה (H2373)Direct object, fronted before its verb הֵנִיףחָזֶה (H2373); now freed of the fat portions burned in v.20.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ + אֵת.
שׁ֣וֹקthe thigh ofN f sg constr · שׁוֹק (H7785)Direct object, coordinate (construct head)שׁוֹק (H7785) 'thigh, leg'.
הַיָּמִ֔יןthe rightart + N f sg abs · יָמִין (H3225)Genitive completing the construct chain 'right thigh'יָמִין (H3225) 'right (side/hand)'; the priest's due, the raised-contribution thigh of 7:32-34.
הֵנִ֧יףhe wavedHiphil perf 3ms · נוּף (H5130)Predicate verb (main clause; object fronted)→ Perfective: a completed ceremonial elevation gestureנוּף (H5130) Hiphil 'to wave, swing, elevate'; the technical verb of the תְּנוּפָה rite (cf. 7:30, 8:27).
אַהֲרֹ֛ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subject of הֵנִיףאַהֲרֹן (H175).
תְּנוּפָ֖הas a wave offeringN f sg abs (adverbial) · תְּנוּפָה (H8573)Adverbial accusative (cognate object, specifying the mode/category of the gesture)תְּנוּפָה (H8573), cognate noun to הֵנִיף, from נוף 'to wave, elevate'; the priestly-portion rite marking the breast and thigh as consecrated dues (cf. 7:34).
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לְ + N c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phraseפָּנִים (H6440).
יְהוָ֑הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of the prepositionיְהוָה (H3068).
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רasprep כְּ + rel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative-causal conjunctionכַּאֲשֶׁר (H834).
צִוָּ֥הcommandedPiel perf 3ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Predicate verb of the כַּאֲשֶׁר-clause→ Perfective: completed antecedent commandצִוָּה (H6680).
מֹשֶֽׁהMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of צִוָּהמֹשֶׁה (H4872).
22
וַיִּשָּׂ֨א אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת ידו יָדָ֛יו אֶל הָעָ֖ם וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֑ם וַיֵּ֗רֶד מֵעֲשֹׂ֧ת הַֽחַטָּ֛את וְהָעֹלָ֖ה וְהַשְּׁלָמִֽים
And Aaron lifted his hand(s) toward the people and blessed them, and he came down from performing the purification offering and the burnt offering and the peace offerings.
With all three offering types complete, Aaron performs the priesthood's climactic gesture — lifting his hand(s) to bless the people (the Kethiv-Qere ידו/יָדָיו is a notable textual feature, singular written but plural read) — before descending from the altar. This blessing anticipates the priestly benediction later codified in Num 6:22-27 and directly precedes the theophany of v.23.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּשָּׂ֨אand he liftedwayyiqtol 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to lift, carry'; נָשָׂא יָד(יִם) is the priestly blessing gesture, the ancestor of the raised-hands benediction (cf. Num 6:22-27).
אַהֲרֹ֧ןAaronproper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subject of וַיִּשָּׂאאַהֲרֹן (H175).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
ידוhis hand [Kethiv]N c sg constr + 3ms suff (Kethiv, written form) · יָד (H3027)Direct object of וַיִּשָּׂא (written/Kethiv form)יָד (H3027) 'hand'; the consonantal Kethiv ידו is singular 'his hand', while the Masoretic Qere reads the plural יָדָיו — a classic Kethiv-Qere pair, both preserved here as separate word-tokens per the WLC's convention of printing both.
יָדָ֛יוhis hands [Qere]N c dual constr + 3ms suff (Qere, read form) · יָד (H3027)Direct object of וַיִּשָּׂא (the form actually vocalized and read aloud)יָד (H3027), dual construct + suffix 'his (two) hands'; the Qere supplies the pointing and is the form read in synagogue, matching the plural gesture of Num 6:22-27 and the parallel נְשִׂיאַת כַּפַּיִם.
אֶלtowardprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413).
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Object of prepositionעַם (H5971).
וַֽיְבָרְכֵ֑םand he blessed themwayyiqtol 3ms (Piel) + 3mp suff · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבֵּרַךְ (H1288) Piel 'to bless'; Aaron's first priestly benediction, inaugurating the priestly office of blessing (cf. Num 6:22-27).
וַיֵּ֗רֶדand he came downwayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'to go down, descend'; Aaron descends from the altar (which stood on a ramp/rise), his own sacrificial actions completed.
מֵעֲשֹׂ֧תfrom performingprep מִן + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Adverbial infinitive construct clause (temporal/source, with מִן)→ Infinitive: marks the completed action from which Aaron now turns awayעָשָׂה (H6213) inf constr with מִן, 'from doing/offering' — summarizing the entire triad of sacrifices just completed.
הַֽחַטָּ֛אתthe purification offeringart + N f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Direct object of the infinitive עֲשׂוֹתחַטָּאת (H2403).
וְהָעֹלָ֖הand the burnt offeringconj וְ + art + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Direct object, coordinateעֹלָה (H5930).
וְהַשְּׁלָמִֽיםand the peace offeringsconj וְ + art + N m pl abs · שֶׁלֶם (H8002)Direct object, coordinateשֶׁלֶם (H8002); the full triad — purification, burnt, peace — recapitulates the whole rite just narrated.
23
וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וַיֵּ֣צְא֔וּ וַֽיְבָרֲכ֖וּ אֶת הָעָ֑ם וַיֵּרָ֥א כְבוֹד יְהוָ֖ה אֶל כָּל הָעָֽם
And Moses and Aaron went into the tent of meeting, and came out and blessed the people, and the glory of YHWH appeared to all the people.
This is the narrative and theological climax of the whole tabernacle-inauguration complex begun at Exodus 25: Moses and Aaron enter the tent together (perhaps to receive final instruction, cf. rabbinic speculation that Moses taught Aaron the incense rite), emerge to bless the people jointly, and the glory of YHWH — promised in vv.4 and 6 — visibly appears to the entire community. The whole elaborate sequence of offerings has been building to this single moment of public theophany.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיָּבֹ֨אand he went inwayyiqtol 3ms (compound subject) · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the climactic movement of the chapterבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, go in'; 3ms verb with a compound subject (Moses and Aaron), standard Hebrew agreement with the first-named subject.
מֹשֶׁ֤הMosesproper noun · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subject of וַיָּבֹא (first of compound subject)מֹשֶׁה (H4872).
וְאַהֲרֹן֙and Aaronconj וְ + proper noun · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Subject, coordinate (second of compound subject)אַהֲרֹן (H175).
אֶלintoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413).
אֹ֣הֶלtent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Object of preposition (construct head)אֹהֶל (H168).
מוֹעֵ֔דmeetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive completing the construct chainמוֹעֵד (H4150).
וַיֵּ֣צְא֔וּand they came outwayyiqtol 3mp · יָצָא (H3318)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; the plural verb now confirms both Moses and Aaron as subjects, emerging from the tent together — a moment of private consultation or divine word before the public appearance.
וַֽיְבָרֲכ֖וּand they blessedwayyiqtol 3mp (Piel) · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבֵּרַךְ (H1288) Piel; now Moses joins Aaron in blessing the people (contrast v.22, Aaron alone) — a joint benediction marking the shared culmination of their offices.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הָעָ֑םthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Direct object of וַיְבָרֲכוּעַם (H5971).
וַיֵּרָ֥אand it appearedwayyiqtol 3ms (Niphal) · רָאָה (H7200)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the climactic theophany, the fulfillment promised in vv.4,6רָאָה (H7200) Niphal 'to appear, show itself'; the long-awaited manifestation, the goal toward which the whole tabernacle narrative from Exodus 25 has moved.
כְבוֹדthe glory ofN c sg constr · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Subject of וַיֵּרָא (construct head)כָּבוֹד (H3519); the visible weight/radiance of YHWH's presence, promised in v.6 and now manifest — the theological climax of the entire tabernacle-inauguration complex.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive completing the construct chainיְהוָה (H3068).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Locative prepositional phraseאֶל (H413).
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Object of preposition (construct head, quantifier)כֹּל (H3605).
הָעָֽםthe peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive completing the quantifier constructעַם (H5971); the glory appears not to Moses and Aaron alone but to the entire assembled community — a public, communal theophany.
24
וַתֵּ֤צֵא אֵשׁ֙ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַתֹּ֨אכַל֙ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ אֶת הָעֹלָ֖ה וְאֶת הַחֲלָבִ֑ים וַיַּ֤רְא כָּל הָעָם֙ וַיָּרֹ֔נּוּ וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ עַל פְּנֵיהֶֽם
And fire came out from before YHWH and consumed on the altar the burnt offering and the fat portions; and all the people saw, and shouted, and fell on their faces.
The chapter's dramatic climax: divine fire — not human hands — consumes what remains on the altar, visibly ratifying the whole day's sacrifices, and the people respond with a shout of joy and falling prostrate. The phrase וַתֵּצֵא אֵשׁ מִלִּפְנֵי יְהוָה is repeated almost verbatim in 10:2 for the fire that kills Nadab and Abihu — the very next scene turns this same fire from blessing to judgment, a stark and deliberate literary echo that frames chapter 9's joy against chapter 10's catastrophe.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַתֵּ֤צֵאand it came outwayyiqtol 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the fire's dramatic self-manifestationיָצָא (H3318) 'to go out'; here of fire issuing directly from YHWH's presence — an act of God, not human kindling (contrast the human-lit fire of 1:7, 6:5-6, which this may supplement or confirm as divinely sanctioned).
אֵשׁ֙fireN c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Subject of וַתֵּצֵאאֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'; the visible, consuming form the glory's appearance takes — cf. the pillar of fire, Sinai's fire, and, ominously, the fire that will kill Nadab and Abihu in the very next verse (10:2), described in nearly identical language.
מִלִּפְנֵ֣יfrom beforeprep מִן + prep לְ + N c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase (source)פָּנִים (H6440); compound מִן + לִפְנֵי, 'from before, from the presence of' — the fire's point of origin is YHWH's own presence, not the altar.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHproper noun · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of the prepositionיְהוָה (H3068); the identical phrase מִלִּפְנֵי יְהוָה recurs verbatim in 10:2 for the fire that kills Nadab and Abihu — a deliberate and terrible echo linking consummation and catastrophe in successive scenes.
וַתֹּ֨אכַל֙and it consumedwayyiqtol 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'to eat, consume'; of fire, 'devour, consume entirely' — the same verb used of the fire that will devour Aaron's sons in 10:2.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921).
הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַthe altarart + N m sg abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Object of prepositionמִזְבֵּחַ (H4196).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object markerאֵת (H853).
הָעֹלָ֖הthe burnt offeringart + N f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Direct object of וַתֹּאכַלעֹלָה (H5930); the fire consumes what remained of the offerings still upon the altar, ratifying the entire sacrificial sequence with a visible divine 'Amen'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ + אֵת.
הַחֲלָבִ֑יםthe fat portionsart + N m pl abs · חֵלֶב (H2459)Direct object, coordinateחֵלֶב (H2459).
וַיַּ֤רְאand it sawwayyiqtol 3ms (Qal) · רָאָה (H7200)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) Qal; 3ms verb agreeing with the collective singular subject כָּל הָעָם.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Subject of וַיַּרְא (construct head, quantifier)כֹּל (H3605).
הָעָם֙the peopleart + N m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Genitive completing the quantifier constructעַם (H5971).
וַיָּרֹ֔נּוּand they shoutedwayyiqtol 3mp · רָנַן (H7442)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the people's spontaneous, emotional responseרָנַן (H7442) 'to give a ringing cry, shout for joy'; a jubilant, worshipful outcry at the sight of the consuming fire, the same root used of exultant praise in the Psalms.
וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּand they fellwayyiqtol 3mp · נָפַל (H5307)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'to fall'; a posture of awe-struck worship and submission before the manifest presence.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Locative prepositional phraseעַל (H5921).
פְּנֵיהֶֽםtheir facesN c pl constr + 3mp suff · פָּנִים (H6440)Object of prepositionפָּנִים (H6440) + 3mp suffix; falling 'on their faces' is the posture of prostration before the divine glory (cf. Gen 17:3; Num 16:22).