Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Leviticus, Chapter 15ויקרא 15

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

A concentric anatomy of bodily impurity: the pathological flux of the זָב and the flowing זָבָה frame the lighter, symmetrical cases of ordinary emission and menstruation, each traced outward through touch, bed, and seat, since uncleanness left unchecked threatens to defile YHWH's dwelling in Israel's very midst.

Translation & textual notes

Leviticus 15 is textually stable in the MT, with no major variants against the Samaritan Pentateuch or the versions for its central legislation, though the chapter contains a cluster of rare and difficult vocabulary that has generated genuine translational uncertainty. Verse 3's definition of the זָב's condition — רָר בְּשָׂרוֹ אֶת זוֹבוֹ אוֹ הֶחְתִּים בְּשָׂרוֹ מִזּוֹבוֹ, 'his flesh runs with his discharge or his flesh is stopped from his discharge' — pairs a rare root (רור 'to flow, run', H7325, scarcely attested elsewhere) with a Hiphil of חתם ('to seal, stop up') applied unusually to bodily flux; the verse is widely read as covering both a continuous and an intermittent or blocked presentation of the same pathology, likely gonorrheal urethral discharge, though the ancient versions already show uncertainty rendering it. שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע (vv. 16-18, 32-33), 'lying of seed', is a fixed idiom for seminal emission, nocturnal or coital, and its symmetrical treatment alongside menstruation invites comparison of the chapter's two ordinary bodily flows against its two abnormal ones. הַדָּוָה (v. 33) is a rare feminine adjective for the menstruant, cognate with a root elsewhere denoting sickness or grief, suggesting the term originally connoted debility rather than mere cyclicality. The chapter's architecture is a careful concentric frame — man's flux (1-15), man's semen (16-18), woman's menses (19-24), woman's flux (25-30), closing charge (31-33) — and v. 31's הִזַּרְתֶּם, 'you shall separate, warn away', supplies the chapter's theological center of gravity: uncleanness is dangerous not for hygienic reasons but because, left unchecked, it can defile YHWH's מִשְׁכָּן, his dwelling in Israel's very midst. Versification follows the MT.

1

וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר

And the LORD spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,

Introduces new divine speech (chapter-opening formula)וַ
The wayyiqtol opening formula addresses both Moses and Aaron, as in the diagnostic instructions of chapter 13, since what follows again concerns priestly assessment of bodily conditions and their contagion.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֣רand he spokewayyiqtol (Piel) 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (main clause, narrative opening)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance introducing divine speechדִּבֶּר (H1696) Piel of דבר 'to speak'; the standard formula introducing divine legal/instructional speech throughout Leviticus.
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of דִּבֶּריְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God; traditionally vocalized with the vowels of אֲדֹנָי and rendered 'the LORD'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the recipient of divine speech.
מֹשֶׁ֥הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Object of preposition (addressee)מֹשֶׁה (H4872), the lawgiver and primary addressee of Levitical instruction.
וְאֶֽלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Coordinating conjunction + prepositional phrase (second addressee)וְ joins the second addressee; אֶל (H413) as above.
אַהֲרֹ֖ןAaronN proper · אַהֲרֹן (H175)Object of preposition (second addressee)אַהֲרֹן (H175), the high priest; his inclusion as co-addressee fits this chapter's focus on priestly duty in adjudicating bodily impurity.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep לְ + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct (quotative, introducing direct discourse)→ Infinitive construct: the standard formulaic hinge introducing the quoted divine speech that followsאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; לֵאמֹר is the fixed formula opening reported speech, untranslated as a separate clause in English.
2

דַּבְּרוּ֙ אֶל בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֣ישׁ אִ֗ישׁ כִּ֤י יִהְיֶה֙ זָ֣ב מִבְּשָׂר֔וֹ זוֹב֖וֹ טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא

Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them: Any man whatsoever who has a discharge from his body — his discharge is unclean.

Casuistic protasis opening the chapter's first caseasyndeton
The doubled אִישׁ אִישׁ, 'any man, any man', is the chapter's distinctive distributive idiom for universal applicability among the sons of Israel. כִּי introduces the case; the closing verbless clause טָמֵא הוּא states the verdict before any procedure is given.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
דַּבְּרוּ֙speakPiel impv 2mp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: direct command opening the reported speechדִּבֶּר (H1696) Piel impv 'speak!'; addressed to Moses and Aaron together as the ones who must relay YHWH's instruction to the people.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking addresseeאֶל (H413) 'to'; introduces the people as the addressee of the relayed instruction.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct head (genitival chain with יִשְׂרָאֵל)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct plural 'sons of' — the standard designation for the Israelite community as addressee of Levitical law.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); completes 'sons of Israel', the covenant people to whom priestly torah is addressed.
וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֖םand you shall sayweqatal (Qal) 2mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (weqatal, continuing the imperative)→ Weqatal: continuing the command sequence — 'speak... and say'אָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the second verb of the double command formula, introducing the direct quotation that follows.
אֲלֵהֶ֑םto themprep אֶל + 3mp sfx · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (indirect object)אֶל (H413) with 3mp suffix, 'to them' — the sons of Israel as recipients of the direct speech.
אִ֣ישׁany manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject (first of distributive doubling)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; doubled with the following אִישׁ to form a distributive idiom, 'each and every man'.
אִ֗ישׁwhatsoeverN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject (second of distributive doubling, casus pendens fronted before כִּי)Repetition of אִישׁ (H376) forms the distributive construction 'any man whatsoever', typical of casuistic legal style (cf. 17:3, 22:18).
כִּ֤יwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction (introduces casuistic protasis)כִּי (H3588), here conditional/temporal 'when, if'; opens the case-law protasis characteristic of priestly legislation.
יִהְיֶה֙there isQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (existential, protasis)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a hypothetical case introduced by כִּיהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become, happen'; existential, governing the following participle זָב.
זָ֣בhaving a dischargeQal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Predicate complement (substantival participle, complement of יִהְיֶה)→ Participle: durative/characterizing — one continuously afflicted with fluxזוב (H2100) Qal 'to flow, discharge'; here predicate participle, 'is (a man) having a discharge' — the chapter's technical designation for the male flux-sufferer.
מִבְּשָׂר֔וֹfrom his fleshprep מִן + N m sg constr + 3ms sfx · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Source/locative prepositional phraseבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, body'; here likely euphemistic for the genitals, the site of the discharge (cf. Ezek 16:26).
זוֹב֖וֹhis dischargeN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · זוֹב (H2101)Subject of the verbless clause (resumptive)זוֹב (H2101) 'flow, discharge', a cognate noun of the verb זוב; here resumes the case just described as subject of the verdict clause.
טָמֵ֥אuncleanadj m sg abs · טָמֵא (H2931)Predicate adjective (verbless clause)טָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'; the chapter's basic cultic-status term, opposite of טָהוֹר 'clean'.
הֽוּאit (is)pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Predicate/copular pronoun (verbless clause)הוּא (H1931); functions as copula in the verbless clause, 'his discharge — it is unclean'.
3

וְזֹ֛את תִּהְיֶ֥ה טֻמְאָת֖וֹ בְּזוֹב֑וֹ רָ֣ר בְּשָׂר֞וֹ אֶת זוֹב֗וֹ אֽוֹ הֶחְתִּ֤ים בְּשָׂרוֹ֙ מִזּוֹב֔וֹ טֻמְאָת֖וֹ הִֽוא

And this shall be his uncleanness in his discharge: whether his flesh runs with his discharge, or his flesh is stopped up from his discharge, it is his uncleanness.

Definitional elaboration of the case introduced in v. 2וְ
The verse defines the flux more precisely with two alternatives — continuous flowing or blockage — joined by אוֹ; both count equally as טֻמְאָה, showing the concern is the abnormal discharge as such, not merely its visible flow.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְזֹ֛אתand thisconj וְ + dem pron f sg · זֹאת (H2063)Subject of the verbless clause (cataphoric, anticipating the definition below)זֹאת (H2063), fem. sg. demonstrative 'this'; cataphoric, pointing forward to the definition that follows.
תִּהְיֶ֥הshall beQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive/definitional — states the standing ruleהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; here copular, introducing the formal definition of טֻמְאָתוֹ.
טֻמְאָת֖וֹhis uncleannessN f sg constr + 3ms sfx · טֻמְאָה (H2932)Predicate nominativeטֻמְאָה (H2932) 'uncleanness', abstract noun from טָמֵא; here the formal cultic category being defined for the rest of the unit.
בְּזוֹב֑וֹin his dischargeprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3ms sfx · זוֹב (H2101)Locative/circumstantial prepositional phraseזוֹב (H2101) 'discharge'; specifies the sphere in which the uncleanness is defined.
רָ֣רrunsQal perf 3ms · רוּר (H7325)Predicate verb (first disjunct of the definition)→ Perfective: a stated condition — continuous flowingרוּר (H7325) 'to flow, run', a rare root scarcely attested elsewhere; describes the flesh actively running with discharge, the first of two defining conditions.
בְּשָׂר֞וֹhis fleshN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Subject of רָרבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, body'; euphemistic for the genital organ, the seat of the flux.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marking זוֹבוֹ as an accusative of specification)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi; here marking זוֹבוֹ almost adverbially, 'with respect to his discharge' — an unusual but attested construction with an intransitive verb.
זוֹב֗וֹhis dischargeN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · זוֹב (H2101)Accusative of specification, object of אֶתזוֹב (H2101); specifies exactly what runs — 'his flesh runs, [namely] his discharge'.
אֽוֹorconj · אוֹ (H176)Coordinating disjunctive conjunctionאוֹ (H176) 'or'; introduces the second, alternative defining condition.
הֶחְתִּ֤יםis stopped upHiphil perf 3ms · חָתַם (H2856)Predicate verb (second disjunct of the definition)→ Perfective: a stated condition — the flesh has become sealed/blockedחָתַם (H2856) 'to seal, stop up'; ordinarily of sealing documents or wells, applied here uniquely to a blocked bodily flux — the discharge dammed rather than flowing.
בְּשָׂרוֹ֙his fleshN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Subject of הֶחְתִּיםבָּשָׂר (H1320); repeats the subject for the second condition.
מִזּוֹב֔וֹfrom his dischargeprep מִן + N m sg constr + 3ms sfx · זוֹב (H2101)Source prepositional phraseזוֹב (H2101); 'stopped up from his discharge' — the flow itself has ceased or is blocked.
טֻמְאָת֖וֹhis uncleannessN f sg constr + 3ms sfx · טֻמְאָה (H2932)Predicate nominative (resumptive, closing the definition)טֻמְאָה (H2932); resumes the opening term, forming an inclusio around the two-part definition.
הִֽואit (is)pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Predicate/copular pronoun (verbless clause)הִיא (H1931), feminine agreeing with טֻמְאָה; copula closing the verse, 'it is his uncleanness'.
4

כָּל הַמִּשְׁכָּ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֥ב עָלָ֛יו הַזָּ֖ב יִטְמָ֑א וְכָֽל הַכְּלִ֛י אֲשֶׁר יֵשֵׁ֥ב עָלָ֖יו יִטְמָֽא

Every bed on which the one with the discharge lies shall be unclean, and every article on which he sits shall be unclean.

First contagion ring: bed and seatasyndeton
כָּל...אֲשֶׁר constructions open the chapter's contagion mechanism, extending uncleanness from the man's body to the furniture that bears his weight — the first and most direct vector.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with הַמִּשְׁכָּבכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; opens the first contagion rule of the unit.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֗בthe bedart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּב (H4904)Subject (casus pendens, resumed by the following clause)מִשְׁכָּב (H4904) 'bed, couch', from שָׁכַב 'to lie down'; the first object drawn into the זָב's contagion.
אֲשֶׁ֨רwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying הַמִּשְׁכָּבאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'which, that'.
יִשְׁכַּ֥בhe liesQal impf 3ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/habitual — repeated or potential actionשָׁכַב (H7901) Qal 'to lie down'; here of ordinary reclining on the bed.
עָלָ֛יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of יִשְׁכַּב)עַל (H5921) 'on, upon' + 3ms suffix, referring back to הַמִּשְׁכָּב.
הַזָּ֖בthe one with the dischargeart + Qal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Subject of יִשְׁכַּב→ Participle: durative/characterizing — one continuously afflicted with fluxזוב (H2100) Qal ptc, substantivized with the article; the chapter's technical term for the flux-sufferer.
יִטְמָ֑אshall be uncleanQal impf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequenceטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean', the verbal root governing the chapter's purity taxonomy.
וְכָֽלand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct, coordinating the second (seat) caseכֹּל (H3605); introduces the parallel rule for the seat.
הַכְּלִ֛יthe articleart + N m sg abs · כְּלִי (H3627)Subject (casus pendens)כְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, article, utensil'; a broad term for any implement one might sit on, distinct from the bed.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying הַכְּלִיאֲשֶׁר (H834), 'which, that'.
יֵשֵׁ֥בhe sitsQal impf 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/habitual — repeated or potential actionיָשַׁב (H3427) Qal 'to sit, dwell'.
עָלָ֖יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of יֵשֵׁב)עַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, referring to הַכְּלִי.
יִטְמָֽאshall be uncleanQal impf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequenceטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; closes the parallel bed/seat pair.
5

וְאִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִגַּ֖ע בְּמִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And anyone who touches his bed shall wash his garments and bathe in water, and he shall be unclean until evening.

Secondary contagion: touching the bedוְ
Introduces the chapter's recurring remedy formula — wash garments, bathe, unclean until evening — that recurs with only minor variation through v. 27.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְאִ֕ישׁand anyoneconj וְ + N m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject (casus pendens, resumed by the following relative clause)אִישׁ (H376) 'man, anyone'; indefinite here, opening the case as 'anyone who...'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhorel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying אִישׁאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'who, that'.
יִגַּ֖עtouchesQal impf 3ms · נָגַע (H5060)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — potential, repeatable act of touchingנָגַע (H5060) Qal 'to touch, strike'; the chapter's key verb for contagion transmitted by physical contact.
בְּמִשְׁכָּב֑וֹhis bedprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3ms sfx · מִשְׁכָּב (H4904)Prepositional phrase (object of touching, complement of יִגַּע)מִשְׁכָּב (H4904) 'bed, couch', from שָׁכַב 'to lie down'; the object contaminated by the זָב in v. 4, now the vector of secondary contagion.
יְכַבֵּ֧סhe shall washPiel impf 3ms · כִּבֵּס (H3526)Predicate verb (apodosis, remedy clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — required consequence of contactכִּבֵּס (H3526) Piel 'to launder, wash (clothing)'; the standard opening element of the chapter's recurring remedy formula.
בְּגָדָ֛יוhis garmentsN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of יְכַבֵּסבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment, clothing'; the object of the required laundering.
וְרָחַ֥ץand he shall batheweqatal (Qal) 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (apodosis, coordinate with יְכַבֵּס)→ Weqatal: injunctive — required consequence of contactרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to wash, bathe (the body)'; distinct from כִּבֵּס, which applies only to garments.
בַּמַּ֖יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of וְרָחַץ)מַיִם (H4325) 'water', plural in form; the medium of ritual bathing.
וְטָמֵ֥אand he shall be uncleanweqatal (Qal) 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis, final consequence)→ Weqatal: injunctive — the resulting temporary state of impurityטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; closes the remedy formula with the residual impurity.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase (marking the duration of impurity)עַד (H5704) 'until, as far as'; sets the temporal limit of the uncleanness.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition עַד (temporal terminus)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; the fixed terminus of minor impurity throughout the purity laws.
6

וְהַיֹּשֵׁב֙ עַֽל הַכְּלִ֔י אֲשֶׁר יֵשֵׁ֥ב עָלָ֖יו הַזָּ֑ב יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And whoever sits on an article on which the one with the discharge has sat shall wash his garments and bathe in water, and he shall be unclean until evening.

Secondary contagion: sitting where the זָב satוְ
Parallel to v. 5 but for the seat rather than the bed, applying the identical remedy formula.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהַיֹּשֵׁב֙and whoever sitsconj וְ + art + Qal ptc m sg abs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Subject (casus pendens, substantival participle)→ Participle: durative/characterizing — anyone who sitsיָשַׁב (H3427) Qal ptc, substantivized with the article, 'the one sitting, whoever sits'.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of הַיֹּשֵׁב)עַל (H5921) 'on, upon'.
הַכְּלִ֔יthe articleart + N m sg abs · כְּלִי (H3627)Object of preposition עַלכְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, article, utensil'; resumes the general term for a seat-like implement from v. 4.
אֲשֶׁרon whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying הַכְּלִיאֲשֶׁר (H834), 'which, that'.
יֵשֵׁ֥בhe has satQal impf 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/habitual — the זָב's characteristic use of the itemיָשַׁב (H3427) Qal 'to sit'; here of the flux-sufferer's habitual sitting on the item in question.
עָלָ֖יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of יֵשֵׁב)עַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, referring back to הַכְּלִי.
הַזָּ֑בthe one with the dischargeart + Qal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Subject of יֵשֵׁב→ Participle: durative/characterizing — one continuously afflicted with fluxזוב (H2100) Qal ptc, substantivized with the article; the chapter's technical term for the flux-sufferer, resumed from v. 4.
יְכַבֵּ֧סhe shall washPiel impf 3ms · כִּבֵּס (H3526)Predicate verb (apodosis, remedy clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — required consequence of contactכִּבֵּס (H3526) Piel 'to launder, wash (clothing)'; repeats the chapter's recurring remedy formula.
בְּגָדָ֛יוhis garmentsN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of יְכַבֵּסבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment, clothing'; the object of the required laundering.
וְרָחַ֥ץand he shall batheweqatal (Qal) 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (apodosis, coordinate with יְכַבֵּס)→ Weqatal: injunctive — required consequence of contactרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to wash, bathe (the body)'.
בַּמַּ֖יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of וְרָחַץ)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'; the medium of ritual bathing.
וְטָמֵ֥אand he shall be uncleanweqatal (Qal) 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis, final consequence)→ Weqatal: injunctive — the resulting temporary state of impurityטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; closes the remedy formula.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase (marking the duration of impurity)עַד (H5704) 'until, as far as'.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition עַד (temporal terminus)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; the fixed terminus of minor impurity.
7

וְהַנֹּגֵ֖עַ בִּבְשַׂ֣ר הַזָּ֑ב יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And whoever touches the flesh of the one with the discharge shall wash his garments and bathe in water, and he shall be unclean until evening.

Secondary contagion: direct touchוְ
Direct bodily contact with the זָב himself receives the same remedy as contact with his furniture — contagion does not intensify with proximity to the person.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְהַנֹּגֵ֖עַand whoever touchesconj וְ + art + Qal ptc m sg abs · נָגַע (H5060)Subject (casus pendens, substantival participle)→ Participle: durative/characterizing — anyone who touchesנָגַע (H5060) Qal ptc, substantivized with the article, 'the one touching, whoever touches'; direct bodily contact now, rather than contact with furniture.
בִּבְשַׂ֣רthe flesh ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Prepositional phrase (object of touching, complement of הַנֹּגֵעַ)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, body'; here the זָב's own body as the direct object of contact.
הַזָּ֑בthe one with the dischargeart + Qal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Genitive (nomen rectum of the construct chain בִּבְשַׂר הַזָּב)→ Participle: durative/characterizing — one continuously afflicted with fluxזוב (H2100) Qal ptc, substantivized; the chapter's technical term for the flux-sufferer.
יְכַבֵּ֧סhe shall washPiel impf 3ms · כִּבֵּס (H3526)Predicate verb (apodosis, remedy clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — required consequence of contactכִּבֵּס (H3526) Piel 'to launder, wash (clothing)'.
בְּגָדָ֛יוhis garmentsN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of יְכַבֵּסבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment, clothing'.
וְרָחַ֥ץand he shall batheweqatal (Qal) 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (apodosis, coordinate with יְכַבֵּס)→ Weqatal: injunctive — required consequence of contactרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to wash, bathe (the body)'.
בַּמַּ֖יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of וְרָחַץ)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'; the medium of ritual bathing.
וְטָמֵ֥אand he shall be uncleanweqatal (Qal) 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis, final consequence)→ Weqatal: injunctive — the resulting temporary state of impurityטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; note that direct contact with the זָב's own flesh receives exactly the same remedy as contact with his furniture — contagion does not intensify with proximity.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase (marking the duration of impurity)עַד (H5704) 'until, as far as'.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition עַד (temporal terminus)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; the fixed terminus of minor impurity.
8

וְכִֽי יָרֹ֛ק הַזָּ֖ב בַּטָּה֑וֹר וְכִבֶּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And if the one with the discharge spits on someone who is clean, that person shall wash his garments and bathe in water, and he shall be unclean until evening.

Contagion by spittleוְ
The only vector in the unit initiated by the זָב's own action rather than another's contact; spittle, like the genital flux itself, is classed as bodily emission and transmits the same grade of impurity.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְכִֽיand ifconj וְ + conj · כִּי (H3588)Conjunction introducing a conditional/circumstantial clauseכִּי (H3588) 'if, when, that'; here conditional, introducing the case of the זָב's own initiating action.
יָרֹ֛קspitsQal impf 3ms · רָקַק (H7556)Predicate verb of the conditional clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a potential, occasional actרָקַק (H7556) Qal 'to spit'; spittle is here classed with other bodily emissions as a vector of the flux-sufferer's uncleanness.
הַזָּ֖בthe one with the dischargeart + Qal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Subject of יָרֹק→ Participle: durative/characterizing — one continuously afflicted with fluxזוב (H2100) Qal ptc, substantivized; the chapter's technical term for the flux-sufferer, here as agent rather than as the one touched.
בַּטָּה֑וֹרon someone who is cleanprep בְּ + art + Adj m sg abs · טָהוֹר (H2889)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of יָרֹק, target of the spitting)טָהוֹר (H2889) 'clean, pure'; substantival adjective, 'the clean one', naming the party who contracts uncleanness by being spat upon.
וְכִבֶּ֧סhe shall washconj וְ + Piel perf 3ms · כִּבֵּס (H3526)Predicate verb (apodosis, remedy clause)→ Weqatal: injunctive — required consequence of being spat uponכִּבֵּס (H3526) Piel 'to launder, wash (clothing)'; here perfect-with-vav (weqatal) rather than the imperfect seen in vv. 5-7, with identical prescriptive force.
בְּגָדָ֛יוhis garmentsN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of וְכִבֶּסבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment, clothing'.
וְרָחַ֥ץand he shall batheweqatal (Qal) 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (apodosis, coordinate with וְכִבֶּס)→ Weqatal: injunctive — required consequence of being spat uponרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to wash, bathe (the body)'.
בַּמַּ֖יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of וְרָחַץ)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'; the medium of ritual bathing.
וְטָמֵ֥אand he shall be uncleanweqatal (Qal) 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis, final consequence)→ Weqatal: injunctive — the resulting temporary state of impurityטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase (marking the duration of impurity)עַד (H5704) 'until, as far as'.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition עַד (temporal terminus)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; the fixed terminus of minor impurity.
9

וְכָל הַמֶּרְכָּ֗ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְכַּ֥ב עָלָ֛יו הַזָּ֖ב יִטְמָֽא

And any mount on which the one with the discharge rides shall be unclean.

Contagion via ridingוְ
Extends the bed/seat logic to riding equipment, without the wash-and-bathe remedy specified — the object itself becomes unclean, implicitly following the treatment of vessels in vv. 11-12.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְכָלand anyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with הַמֶּרְכָּבכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every, any'; opens the final contagion case in this sub-unit.
הַמֶּרְכָּ֗בthe mountart + N m sg abs · מֶרְכָּב (H4817)Subject (casus pendens, resumed by the following clause)מֶרְכָּב (H4817) 'mount, saddle, seat', from רָכַב 'to ride'; a riding equipage such as a saddle, distinct from the bed and the sitting-implement of vv. 4-6.
אֲשֶׁ֨רon whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying הַמֶּרְכָּבאֲשֶׁר (H834), 'which, that'.
יִרְכַּ֥בhe ridesQal impf 3ms · רָכַב (H7392)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/habitual — repeated or potential ridingרָכַב (H7392) Qal 'to ride, mount'; here of the flux-sufferer's habitual use of the riding equipage.
עָלָ֛יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of יִרְכַּב)עַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, referring back to הַמֶּרְכָּב.
הַזָּ֖בthe one with the dischargeart + Qal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Subject of יִרְכַּב→ Participle: durative/characterizing — one continuously afflicted with fluxזוב (H2100) Qal ptc, substantivized; the chapter's technical term for the flux-sufferer.
יִטְמָֽאshall be uncleanQal impf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequenceטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; note this verse lacks the wash-and-bathe remedy of vv. 5-8 — the mount itself simply becomes unclean, aligning it with the vessel logic of vv. 11-12 rather than the personal-contact formula.
10

וְכָל הַנֹּגֵ֗עַ בְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִהְיֶ֣ה תַחְתָּ֔יו יִטְמָ֖א עַד הָעָ֑רֶב וְהַנּוֹשֵׂ֣א אוֹתָ֔ם יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And whoever touches anything that was under him shall be unclean until evening; and whoever carries such things shall wash his garments and bathe in water, and he shall be unclean until evening.

Two-tier contagion: touching versus carryingוְ
Introduces a distinction not made elsewhere in the unit: mere touching brings uncleanness until evening without the wash requirement, while carrying (bearing the object's full weight, presumably prolonged contact) requires the fuller wash-and-bathe remedy.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְכָלand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct (casus pendens, resumed by clause)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; opens the touching case, distinguishing it from the carrying case that follows.
הַנֹּגֵ֗עַthe one touchingart + Qal ptc m sg abs · נָגַע (H5060)Subject (substantival participle, casus pendens)→ Participle: durative/characterizing — whoever touches, of any occasionנָגַע (H5060) Qal 'to touch'; substantivized with the article, 'the toucher, whoever touches' — the lighter of the two contagion cases in this verse.
בְּכֹל֙anythingprep בְּ + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Object of touching (prepositional phrase)כֹּל (H3605) 'anything, all'; the object touched, further specified by the following relative clause.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying כֹּלאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'which, that'.
יִהְיֶ֣הwasQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective — describes the ongoing/prior state of being under himהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; here existential, 'that was under him'.
תַחְתָּ֔יוunder himprep תַּחַת + 3ms sfx · תַּחַת (H8478)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of יִהְיֶה)תַּחַת (H8478) 'under, beneath' + 3ms suffix; refers to anything positioned beneath the זָב's body during his flux.
יִטְמָ֖אshall be uncleanQal impf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis of the touching case)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequence, unclean until evening onlyטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; the lighter remedy for mere touching, without the wash requirement imposed on carrying below.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (temporal limit)עַד (H5704) 'until'; marks the temporal boundary of the lighter uncleanness.
הָעָ֑רֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition (temporal limit)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; the recurring temporal boundary of the chapter's lighter uncleanness formula.
וְהַנּוֹשֵׂ֣אand the one carryingconj וְ + art + Qal ptc m sg abs · נָשָׂא (H5375)Subject (substantival participle, casus pendens, second case of the verse)→ Participle: durative/characterizing — whoever bears such thingsנָשָׂא (H5375) Qal 'to carry, lift, bear'; substantivized with the article, contrasted with mere touching — carrying implies sustained contact and triggers the fuller wash-and-bathe remedy.
אוֹתָ֔ם[obj] themobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (direct object of הַנּוֹשֵׂא)אֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, 'them' — the things previously under the זָב, now the object carried.
יְכַבֵּ֧סshall washPiel impf 3ms · כִּבֵּס (H3526)Predicate verb (apodosis of the carrying case)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequence, first element of the fuller remedyכִּבֵּס (H3526) Piel 'to launder, wash (clothing)'; the recurring first step of the chapter's full remedy formula.
בְּגָדָ֛יוhis garmentsN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of יְכַבֵּסבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'; plural construct with suffix, the object of the laundering command.
וְרָחַ֥ץand batheweqatal (Qal) 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (weqatal, continuing the remedy sequence)→ Weqatal: consequential — the second step of the full remedyרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to bathe, wash (the body)'; distinct from כִּבֵּס (garments) — the body itself must be bathed.
בַּמַּ֖יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Locative prepositional phrase (instrument/means of bathing)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'; ordinary water, distinct from the מַיִם חַיִּים 'living water' required in v. 13.
וְטָמֵ֥אand he shall be uncleanweqatal (Qal) 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (weqatal, closing consequence)→ Weqatal: consequential — even after washing, uncleanness persists until eveningטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; closes the fuller remedy formula, matching the outcome of the lighter touching case in structure though following a heavier procedure.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (temporal limit)עַד (H5704) 'until'; marks the temporal boundary of the uncleanness.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition (temporal limit)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; closes the verse's second, fuller remedy formula.
11

וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִגַּע בּוֹ֙ הַזָּ֔ב וְיָדָ֖יו לֹא שָׁטַ֣ף בַּמָּ֑יִם וְכִבֶּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And anyone whom the one with the discharge touches without having rinsed his hands in water shall wash his garments and bathe in water, and he shall be unclean until evening.

Contagion by the זָב's own touch, conditioned on unrinsed handsוְ
Uniquely conditional: the text implies that if the זָב has rinsed his hands, this particular touch does not transmit the full remedy-requiring uncleanness — the only hint in the unit that partial washing can mitigate contagion.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְכֹ֨לand anyoneconj וְ + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Subject (casus pendens, resumed by the following clause)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, anyone'; opens a new case — contagion initiated by the זָב's own touch.
אֲשֶׁ֤רwhomrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying כֹּלאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'whom, whoever'.
יִגַּעtouchesQal impf 3ms · נָגַע (H5060)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective — potential/recurring action, here the זָב as the toucherנָגַע (H5060) Qal 'to touch'; here uniquely the זָב himself is the subject touching another, rather than another touching him.
בּוֹ֙himprep בְּ + 3ms sfx · בְּ (untagged)Prepositional phrase (object touched, complement of יִגַּע)בְּ 'in, on, against' + 3ms suffix, 'him' — the person touched by the זָב.
הַזָּ֔בthe one with the dischargeart + Qal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Subject of יִגַּע→ Participle: durative/characterizing — one continuously afflicted with fluxזוב (H2100) Qal ptc, substantivized with the article; the chapter's technical term for the flux-sufferer, here as agent of the touch.
וְיָדָ֖יוand his handsconj וְ + N f du constr + 3ms sfx · יָד (H3027)Subject (fronted before the negated verb, circumstantial clause)יָד (H3027) 'hand'; dual construct with suffix, 'his (two) hands' — fronted for emphasis, the condition governing the whole case.
לֹאnotneg particle · לֹא (H3808)Negative particle negating שָׁטַףלֹא (H3808), the standard negative particle; negates the rinsing, 'had not rinsed'.
שָׁטַ֣ףhe had rinsedQal perf 3ms · שָׁטַף (H7857)Predicate verb of the circumstantial clause (negated)→ Perfective: a prior, uncompleted (negated) act — the condition on which the full remedy hingesשָׁטַף (H7857) Qal 'to rinse, wash off, overflow'; distinct from רָחַץ 'bathe' and כִּבֵּס 'launder' — a lighter rinsing of the hands specifically, whose omission triggers the fuller remedy for the person touched.
בַּמָּ֑יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Locative prepositional phrase (instrument of rinsing)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'; the medium of the זָב's (unperformed) hand-rinsing.
וְכִבֶּ֧סshall washweqatal (Piel) 3ms · כִּבֵּס (H3526)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: consequential — the standing remedy triggered by unrinsed contactכִּבֵּס (H3526) Piel 'to launder, wash (clothing)'; first step of the full remedy for the person touched under this condition.
בְּגָדָ֛יוhis garmentsN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of וְכִבֶּסבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'; plural construct with suffix, the object laundered.
וְרָחַ֥ץand batheweqatal (Qal) 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (weqatal, continuing the remedy sequence)→ Weqatal: consequential — the second step of the full remedyרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to bathe, wash (the body)'.
בַּמַּ֖יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Locative prepositional phrase (means of bathing)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'; ordinary water for the bathing step.
וְטָמֵ֥אand he shall be uncleanweqatal (Qal) 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (weqatal, closing consequence)→ Weqatal: consequential — uncleanness persists until evening despite washingטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; closes the remedy formula for this conditioned case of contagion.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (temporal limit)עַד (H5704) 'until'; marks the temporal boundary of the uncleanness.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition (temporal limit)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; closes the verse's remedy formula.
12

וּכְלִי חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר יִגַּע בּ֥וֹ הַזָּ֖ב יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר וְכָל כְּלִי עֵ֔ץ יִשָּׁטֵ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם

And an earthenware vessel that the one with the discharge touches shall be broken; and every wooden vessel shall be rinsed in water.

Contagion of vessels, graded by materialוְ
Porous clay cannot be purified and must be destroyed, while non-porous wood can be rinsed clean — the same graded logic applied to food vessels in 6:21 and to mildewed articles in 13:52, 55.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וּכְלִיand a vessel ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · כְּלִי (H3627)Subject (construct head, casus pendens)כְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, article'; construct with the following material noun חֶרֶשׂ, opening the graded-by-material vessel rule.
חֶ֛רֶשׂearthenwareN m sg abs · חֶרֶשׂ (H2789)Genitive of material (construct chain with כְּלִי)חֶרֶשׂ (H2789) 'earthenware, clay, potsherd'; its porosity means such a vessel cannot be purified once touched by the flux, unlike the wood of v. 12b.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'which, that'.
יִגַּעtouchesQal impf 3ms · נָגַע (H5060)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective — potential/recurring contact with the vesselנָגַע (H5060) Qal 'to touch'; here the זָב's own touch, contaminating the clay vessel.
בּ֥וֹitprep בְּ + 3ms sfx · בְּ (untagged)Prepositional phrase (object touched, complement of יִגַּע)בְּ 'in, on' + 3ms suffix, 'it' — referring back to כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ.
הַזָּ֖בthe one with the dischargeart + Qal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Subject of יִגַּע→ Participle: durative/characterizing — one continuously afflicted with fluxזוב (H2100) Qal ptc, substantivized with the article; the chapter's technical term for the flux-sufferer.
יִשָּׁבֵ֑רshall be brokenNiphal impf 3ms · שָׁבַר (H7665)Predicate verb (apodosis, passive)→ Niphal (passive): the vessel is broken (destroyed), reflecting clay's porosity and incapacity for purificationשָׁבַר (H7665) Niphal 'to be broken, shattered'; the required destruction of the contaminated clay vessel — there is no rinsing remedy for porous earthenware.
וְכָלand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct, coordinating the second (wooden-vessel) caseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; introduces the parallel rule for wooden vessels.
כְּלִיvessel ofN m sg constr · כְּלִי (H3627)Subject (construct head, casus pendens)כְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, article'; construct with עֵץ, the second material category.
עֵ֔ץwoodN m sg abs · עֵץ (H6086)Genitive of material (construct chain with כְּלִי)עֵץ (H6086) 'tree, wood'; non-porous relative to clay, so a wooden vessel can be purified by rinsing rather than requiring destruction.
יִשָּׁטֵ֖ףshall be rinsedNiphal impf 3ms · שָׁטַף (H7857)Predicate verb (apodosis, passive)→ Niphal (passive): the vessel undergoes rinsing, sufficient to purify non-porous woodשָׁטַף (H7857) Niphal 'to be rinsed, washed off'; the lighter remedy possible for wood, contrasting with the destruction required for clay.
בַּמָּֽיִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Locative prepositional phrase (means of rinsing)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'; the medium by which the wooden vessel is purified.
13

וְכִֽי יִטְהַ֤ר הַזָּב֙ מִזּוֹב֔וֹ וְסָ֨פַר ל֜וֹ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֛ים לְטָהֳרָת֖וֹ וְכִבֶּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֑יו וְרָחַ֧ץ בְּשָׂר֛וֹ בְּמַ֥יִם חַיִּ֖ים וְטָהֵֽר

And when the one with the discharge becomes clean from his discharge, he shall count off seven days for his cleansing, and he shall wash his garments and bathe his flesh in fresh water, and he shall be clean.

Purification begins: the seven-day countוְ
Marks the shift from contagion-management to the purification procedure proper; 'living water' (מַיִם חַיִּים), running water rather than a standing basin, is required here as for the corpse-impure (Num 19) — a more rigorous washing than the ordinary מַיִם of vv. 5-11.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְכִֽיand whenconj וְ + conj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction (introduces a new casuistic protasis)כִּי (H3588), here temporal 'when'; marks the shift from contagion rules to the purification procedure proper.
יִטְהַ֤רbecomes cleanQal impf 3ms · טָהֵר (H2891)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: imperfective/future — the anticipated moment the flow ceasesטָהֵר (H2891) Qal 'to become clean, be pure'; distinct from טָמֵא 'be unclean' governing the prior verses — marks the turning point when the flux stops.
הַזָּב֙the one with the dischargeart + Qal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Subject of יִטְהַר→ Participle: durative/characterizing — the (formerly) afflicted man, substantivized as subjectזוב (H2100) Qal ptc, substantivized with the article; the chapter's technical term for the flux-sufferer, now entering purification.
מִזּוֹב֔וֹfrom his dischargeprep מִן + N m sg constr + 3ms sfx · זוֹב (H2101)Source prepositional phraseזוֹב (H2101) 'flow, discharge'; marks the source from which he becomes clean — the flux itself has ceased.
וְסָ֨פַרand he shall countweqatal (Qal) 3ms · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis, main clause of the purification procedure)→ Weqatal: injunctive — the required first step of purification once the flow has stoppedסָפַר (H5608) Qal 'to count, number'; the required seven-day count that opens the purification procedure, paralleled for the woman's flux in v. 28.
ל֜וֹfor himselfprep לְ + 3ms sfx · לְ (untagged)Prepositional phrase (dative of advantage/reflexive)לְ 'to, for' + 3ms suffix, 'for himself' — an ethical dative marking the counting as done on his own behalf.
שִׁבְעַ֥תsevennumeral m sg constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct head (numeral governing יָמִים)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; construct form governing יָמִים, the standard purification interval also used for the leper (14:8) and the corpse-impure (Num 19:11).
יָמִ֛יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Direct object of וְסָפַר, genitive of the numeral constructיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; plural, completing 'seven days' as the counted object.
לְטָהֳרָת֖וֹfor his cleansingprep לְ + N f sg constr + 3ms sfx · טָהֳרָה (H2893)Purpose prepositional phraseטָהֳרָה (H2893) 'purification, cleanness', abstract noun from טָהֵר; names the goal of the seven-day count — restoration to cultic purity.
וְכִבֶּ֣סand he shall washweqatal (Piel) 3ms · כִּבֵּס (H3526)Predicate verb (weqatal, continuing the purification sequence)→ Weqatal: injunctive — required consequence following the seven-day countכִּבֵּס (H3526) Piel 'to launder'; first physical washing step of the purification procedure proper.
בְּגָדָ֑יוhis garmentsN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of וְכִבֶּסבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'; plural construct with suffix, the object laundered.
וְרָחַ֧ץand batheweqatal (Qal) 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (weqatal, continuing the purification sequence)→ Weqatal: injunctive — required consequence, the culminating wash of purificationרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to bathe, wash (the body)'; here specified with בְּשָׂרוֹ as direct object and the more rigorous מַיִם חַיִּים as means.
בְּשָׂר֛וֹhis fleshN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Direct object of וְרָחַץבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, body'; here the literal body to be bathed, explicitly named unlike the unspecified bathing of the earlier remedy formula.
בְּמַ֥יִםin waterprep בְּ + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Locative prepositional phrase (means of bathing), head of the phrase completed by חַיִּיםמַיִם (H4325) 'water'; here qualified by חַיִּים as 'living/fresh (running) water', a more rigorous requirement than the ordinary water of vv. 5-11.
חַיִּ֖יםliving/freshadj m pl abs · חַי (H2416)Attributive adjective modifying מַיִםחַי (H2416) 'living'; with מַיִם denotes running/fresh water as opposed to standing water, required also for the corpse-impure (Num 19) — a heightened purification standard.
וְטָהֵֽרand he shall be cleanweqatal (Qal) 3ms · טָהֵר (H2891)Predicate verb (weqatal, closing the purification sequence)→ Weqatal: injunctive — required consequence, closing the purification with restored cultic statusטָהֵר (H2891) Qal 'to become/be clean'; closes the verse, the positive counterpart to the chapter's recurring יִטְמָא — full restoration to purity.
14

וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י יִֽקַּֽח לוֹ֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֔ים א֥וֹ שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֑ה וּבָ֣א לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֗ה אֶל פֶּ֨תַח֙ אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וּנְתָנָ֖ם אֶל הַכֹּהֵֽן

And on the eighth day he shall take for himself two turtledoves or two young pigeons, and come before the LORD to the entrance of the tent of meeting, and give them to the priest.

Eighth-day sanctuary appearanceוְ
The eighth day, after the seven-day count of v. 13, brings the formerly impure man to the sanctuary threshold — a modest offering (birds, not livestock) available even to the poor, paralleling the leper's cleansing rite of 14:22, 30.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וּבַיּ֣וֹםand on the dayconj וְ + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted setting)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; opens the temporal frame for the eighth-day sanctuary appearance.
הַשְּׁמִינִ֗יthe eighthart + ordinal m sg abs · שְׁמִינִי (H8066)Attributive adjective modifying הַיּוֹםשְׁמִינִי (H8066) 'eighth', ordinal from שְׁמֹנֶה 'eight'; marks the day after the seven-day count of v. 13 concludes.
יִֽקַּֽחhe shall takeQal impf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing requirement on the eighth dayלָקַח (H3947) Qal 'to take'; the standard verb for procuring a sacrificial animal or offering.
לוֹ֙for himselfprep לְ + 3ms sfx · לְDative of advantage (reflexive benefit)לְ, dative/directional preposition with 3ms suffix; marks the man as procuring the offering for his own benefit.
שְׁתֵּ֣יtwo ofnumeral f dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral in construct with תֹרִים (direct object)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; feminine dual construct governing תֹרִים, the first of the two acceptable bird offerings.
תֹרִ֔יםturtledovesN comm pl abs · תּוֹר (H8449)Direct object of יִקַּחתּוֹר (H8449) 'turtledove'; one of the two bird species acceptable as the modest offering available to any worshiper, rich or poor.
א֥וֹorconj · אוֹ (H176)Coordinating disjunctive conjunctionאוֹ (H176) 'or'; offers the alternative bird species.
שְׁנֵ֖יtwo ofnumeral m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Numeral in construct with בְּנֵי יוֹנָה (direct object)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; masculine dual construct governing the alternative offering, young pigeons.
בְּנֵ֣יsons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival), head of יוֹנָהבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; in construct with יוֹנָה the idiom denotes young pigeons/doves (lit. 'sons of a dove').
יוֹנָ֑הpigeonN f sg abs · יוֹנָה (H3123)Genitive complement of בְּנֵי (construct chain)יוֹנָה (H3123) 'dove, pigeon'; the second acceptable bird species, paired with תּוֹר as elsewhere in Levitical bird offerings (e.g. 1:14, 5:7).
וּבָ֣אand he shall comeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (weqatal continuing the sequence)→ Weqatal: sequential, consequential — the next required act after taking the birdsבּוֹא (H935) Qal 'to come, enter'; the man's approach to the sanctuary threshold, marking the transition from private preparation to public sacred act.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לְ + N comm pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase (sanctuary presence)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; in construct after לְ forms the compound preposition 'before, in the presence of', marking approach to the LORD's presence at the sanctuary.
יְהוָ֗הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of לִפְנֵייְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; the man now formerly excluded by his flux comes into the divine presence.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (destination)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the destination, the tent's threshold.
פֶּ֨תַח֙entrance ofN m sg constr · פֶּתַח (H6607)Construct chain (genitival), object of אֶלפֶּתַח (H6607) 'opening, entrance', from פָּתַח 'to open'; the threshold where the man submits his offering to the priest.
אֹ֣הֶלtent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Construct chain (genitival), continuing פֶּתַח's phraseאֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; in construct with מוֹעֵד forms 'tent of meeting', the mobile sanctuary.
מוֹעֵ֔דmeetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive complement of אֹהֶל (construct chain)מוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time, meeting'; the fixed designation אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, 'tent of meeting', for the site of divine-human encounter.
וּנְתָנָ֖םand he shall give themconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms + 3mp sfx · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (weqatal, closing act of the sequence)→ Weqatal: sequential — the culminating transfer of the offering into priestly handsנָתַן (H5414) Qal 'to give'; the man's own action ends with handing the birds to the priest, who then performs the offering itself (v. 15).
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (indirect object/recipient)אֶל (H413) 'to'; marks the priest as recipient of the birds.
הַכֹּהֵֽןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Object of אֶל (recipient)כֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; receives the birds and performs the offering described in the following verse.
15

וְעָשָׂ֤ה אֹתָם֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶחָ֣ד חַטָּ֔את וְהָאֶחָ֖ד עֹלָ֑ה וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלָ֧יו הַכֹּהֵ֛ן לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה מִזּוֹבֽוֹ

And the priest shall offer them, the one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering; and the priest shall make atonement for him before the LORD for his discharge.

Priestly offering and atonement, closing the unitוְ
כִּפֶּר, 'make atonement', closes the first major unit; the flux itself, though not sin in a moral sense, still requires atoning ritual to remove its effect from a man now approaching sacred space.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְעָשָׂ֤הand he shall offerconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Weqatal: sequential — the priest's required next act once the birds are receivedעָשָׂה (H6213) Qal 'to do, make'; here in its cultic sense 'to offer, perform (a sacrifice)'.
אֹתָם֙themobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (the two birds)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi with 3mp suffix referring back to the two birds of v. 14.
הַכֹּהֵ֔ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of עָשָׂהכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; the celebrant who performs the offering.
אֶחָ֣דthe onenumeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Predicate accusative in apposition to אֹתָם (first bird)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; distributes the pair of birds between the two offering categories, the first designated as the sin offering.
חַטָּ֔אתa sin offeringN f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Predicate accusative (complement of the implied offering-verb, first bird)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'sin offering', from חָטָא 'to sin, miss the mark'; here the flux itself, though not moral sin, still requires this atoning category.
וְהָאֶחָ֖דand the otherconj וְ + art + numeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Predicate accusative in apposition to אֹתָם (second bird)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; now articular ('the other'), resuming the pair to assign the second bird its role.
עֹלָ֑הa burnt offeringN f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Predicate accusative (complement of the implied offering-verb, second bird)עֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering', from עָלָה 'to go up'; wholly consumed on the altar, pairing with the sin offering as the standard purification dyad.
וְכִפֶּ֨רand he shall make atonementconj וְ + Piel weqatal 3ms · כִּפֶּר (H3722)Predicate verb (main clause, closing the unit)→ Weqatal Piel: the culminating priestly act — intensive/effective, removing the ritual effect of the fluxכָּפַר (H3722) Piel 'to atone, cover, purge'; here the priestly rite that clears the formerly impure man to approach sacred space fully.
עָלָ֧יוfor himprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (beneficiary of כִּפֶּר)עַל (H5921) 'upon, for, on behalf of' + 3ms suffix; marks the man as the one for whom atonement is made.
הַכֹּהֵ֛ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of כִּפֶּרכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; the sole authorized agent of atonement in this rite.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep לְ + N comm pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase (sanctuary presence)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; the compound preposition 'before, in the presence of', locating the atonement rite at the sanctuary.
יְהוָ֖הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of לִפְנֵייְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name; the atonement rite is performed in the divine presence.
מִזּוֹבֽוֹfor his dischargeprep מִן + N m sg constr + 3ms sfx · זוֹב (H2101)Causal/source prepositional phrase (grounds of the atonement)זוֹב (H2101) 'discharge'; states the cause of the atonement, closing the first major unit of the chapter with the term that opened it (v. 2).
16

וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּֽי תֵצֵ֥א מִמֶּ֖נּוּ שִׁכְבַת זָ֑רַע וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֛יִם אֶת כָּל בְּשָׂר֖וֹ וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And a man from whom an emission of semen goes out shall bathe his whole body in water, and he shall be unclean until evening.

New sub-unit: ordinary seminal emissionוְ
A fresh casuistic protasis (וְאִישׁ כִּי) opens the second, much lighter category — no garment-washing, no waiting-and-offering, only same-day bathing and evening impurity.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְאִ֕ישׁand a manconj וְ + N m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Casus pendens, resumed by the following clause (protasis subject)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; opens a fresh casuistic protasis, introducing the second, much lighter category of the chapter.
כִּֽיwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Conditional/casuistic conjunction introducing the protasisכִּי (H3588) 'when, if'; the standard casuistic hinge, as with the אִישׁ אִישׁ כִּי formula opening the chapter's other cases.
תֵצֵ֥אgoes outQal impf 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb of the protasis→ Yiqtol: imperfective — the recurring, ordinary bodily event being legislatedיָצָא (H3318) Qal 'to go out, come forth'; agrees with the feminine subject שִׁכְבַת זָרַע, the emission itself.
מִמֶּ֖נּוּfrom himprep מִן + 3ms sfx · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase (source complement of תֵצֵא)מִן (H4480) 'from'; with 3ms suffix referring back to אִישׁ, the source of the emission.
שִׁכְבַתemission ofN f sg constr · שִׁכְבָה (H7902)Construct chain (genitival), subject of תֵצֵאשְׁכָבָה/שִׁכְבָה (H7902) 'lying down', from שָׁכַב; in construct with זֶרַע forms the fixed idiom 'emission of semen' (lit. 'a lying of seed').
זָ֑רַעsemenN m sg abs · זֶרַע (H2233)Genitive complement of שִׁכְבַת (construct chain)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'; here of male seminal fluid, completing the idiom שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע that governs vv. 16-18, 32-33.
וְרָחַ֥ץand he shall batheconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Weqatal: prescriptive consequence — the sole required remedy for this lighter caseרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to wash, bathe'; the remedy here is minimal — same-day bathing, with no waiting period or offering, unlike the זָב's protracted rite.
בַּמַּ֛יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Instrumental/locative prepositional phraseמַיִם (H4325) 'water'; the standard cleansing medium for ritual bathing.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marking כָּל בְּשָׂרוֹ as the object of רָחַץ)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi; here marking the reflexive-transitive object of רָחַץ, 'bathe [with respect to] all his flesh'.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with בְּשָׂרוֹכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; specifies total-body bathing, not merely the affected part.
בְּשָׂר֖וֹhis fleshN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Genitive complement of כָּל, object of אֶתבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, body'; here the whole body, in contrast to its narrower euphemistic use for the genital organ elsewhere in the chapter (e.g. v. 3).
וְטָמֵ֥אand he shall be uncleanconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis, second consequence)→ Weqatal: prescriptive consequence — the standing rule of temporary impurityטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; the mild consequence of ordinary seminal emission, cleared by bathing and the passage of a single evening.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase (duration of uncleanness)עַד (H5704) 'until'; marks the fixed, minimal duration of this uncleanness — a single evening.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of עַדעֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; the standard terminus of this minor grade of uncleanness throughout the chapter.
17

וְכָל בֶּ֣גֶד וְכָל ע֔וֹר אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶ֥ה עָלָ֖יו שִׁכְבַת זָ֑רַע וְכֻבַּ֥ס בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And every garment or skin on which there is an emission of semen shall be washed in water, and it shall be unclean until evening.

Contagion to garments and skinsוְ
The passive וְכֻבַּס (Pual) marks the object itself as undergoing the washing, distinguishing this minor case from the reflexive wash-and-bathe formula used for the זָב's contacts.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְכָלand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct, opening the protasis subjectכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; introduces the extension of the seminal-emission rule to material objects.
בֶּ֣גֶדgarmentN m sg abs · בֶּגֶד (H899)Genitive complement of כָּל (casus pendens, first item)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment, cloth'; the first of two materials liable to contagion from seminal emission.
וְכָלor everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct, coordinating the second itemכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; parallels the first כָּל to introduce the second liable material.
ע֔וֹרskinN m sg abs · עוֹר (H5785)Genitive complement of כָּל (casus pendens, second item)עוֹר (H5785) 'skin, hide'; leather goods, paired with cloth garments as the two porous materials that absorb and transmit this minor contagion.
אֲשֶׁרon whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying בֶּגֶד/עוֹראֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'which, that'.
יִהְיֶ֥הthere isQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective — the contingent, potential presence of the emissionהָיָה (H1961) Qal 'to be, become'; existential, 'there comes to be [emission] upon it'.
עָלָ֖יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of יִהְיֶה)עַל (H5921) 'on, upon' + 3ms suffix, referring back to בֶּגֶד/עוֹר.
שִׁכְבַתemission ofN f sg constr · שִׁכְבָה (H7902)Construct chain (genitival), subject of יִהְיֶהשְׁכָבָה/שִׁכְבָה (H7902) 'lying down'; in construct with זֶרַע, 'emission of semen', repeating the idiom of v. 16.
זָ֑רַעsemenN m sg abs · זֶרַע (H2233)Genitive complement of שִׁכְבַת (construct chain)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'; completes the idiom שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע as in v. 16.
וְכֻבַּ֥סshall be washedconj וְ + Pual weqatal 3ms · כִּבֵּס (H3526)Predicate verb (apodosis, passive)→ Pual (passive): the object itself undergoes washing, unlike the reflexive Piel/Qal wash-and-bathe formula used for the זָב's human contactsכָּבַס (H3526) Piel כִּבֵּס 'to wash, launder' (of cloth); here the passive Pual marks the garment or skin as the patient acted upon, distinct from a person washing himself.
בַּמַּ֖יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Instrumental/locative prepositional phraseמַיִם (H4325) 'water'; the medium of washing for the affected garment or skin.
וְטָמֵ֥אand it shall be uncleanconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis, second consequence)→ Weqatal: prescriptive consequence — the object itself contracts temporary uncleannessטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; here of the garment or skin, its impurity cleared by washing and the passage of a single evening.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase (duration of uncleanness)עַד (H5704) 'until'; the same fixed minor duration as v. 16.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of עַדעֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; the terminus of this minor uncleanness.
18

וְאִשָּׁ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֥ב אִ֛ישׁ אֹתָ֖הּ שִׁכְבַת זָ֑רַע וְרָחֲצ֣וּ בַמַּ֔יִם וְטָמְא֖וּ עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And a woman with whom a man lies in an emission of semen — they shall bathe in water, and they shall be unclean until evening.

Intercourse itselfוְ
Both partners share the identical, mild remedy; the plural verbs (וְרָחֲצוּ, וְטָמְאוּ) mark this as the chapter's one case treating the couple together rather than singling out either party.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאִשָּׁ֕הand a womanconj וְ + N f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Casus pendens, resumed by the following clauses (protasis subject)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'woman'; opens the third case of the sub-unit, treating intercourse itself.
אֲשֶׁ֨רwith whomrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying אִשָּׁהאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'which, whom, that'.
יִשְׁכַּ֥בliesQal impf 3ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective — the recurring, ordinary act of intercourse being legislatedשָׁכַב (H7901) Qal 'to lie down'; here euphemistic for sexual intercourse, as commonly with עִם or a direct object of the partner.
אִ֛ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject of יִשְׁכַּבאִישׁ (H376) 'man'; the male partner in the intercourse the verse legislates.
אֹתָ֖הּherobj marker + 3fs sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (the woman, object of יִשְׁכַּב)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi with 3fs suffix, marking the woman as the direct object of the man's lying with her.
שִׁכְבַתemission ofN f sg constr · שִׁכְבָה (H7902)Construct chain (genitival), adverbial accusative of accompanying circumstanceשְׁכָבָה/שִׁכְבָה (H7902) 'lying down'; in construct with זֶרַע, 'in an emission of semen' — the circumstance under which the intercourse occurs.
זָ֑רַעsemenN m sg abs · זֶרַע (H2233)Genitive complement of שִׁכְבַת (construct chain)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'; completes the idiom שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע a third time, now marking the circumstance of intercourse itself.
וְרָחֲצ֣וּand they shall batheconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3cp · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Weqatal: prescriptive consequence, plural — both partners share the identical remedyרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to wash, bathe'; the plural verb treats the couple jointly, the chapter's one case of shared remedy rather than singling out either party.
בַמַּ֔יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Instrumental/locative prepositional phraseמַיִם (H4325) 'water'; the cleansing medium for both partners.
וְטָמְא֖וּand they shall be uncleanconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3cp · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis, second consequence)→ Weqatal: prescriptive consequence, plural — both partners bear the same temporary impurityטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; the plural verb closes the chapter's one jointly-treated case, both partners unclean until evening.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phrase (duration of uncleanness)עַד (H5704) 'until'; the same fixed minor duration as vv. 16-17.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of עַדעֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; closes the sub-unit's three cases, all sharing this same minor duration.
19

וְאִשָּׁה֙ כִּֽי תִהְיֶ֣ה זָבָ֔ה דָּ֛ם יִהְיֶ֥ה זֹבָ֖הּ בִּבְשָׂרָ֑הּ שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ תִּהְיֶ֣ה בְנִדָּתָ֔הּ וְכָל הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּ֖הּ יִטְמָ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And a woman, when she has a discharge — her discharge in her body is blood — she shall be in her menstrual impurity seven days, and whoever touches her shall be unclean until evening.

New sub-unit: menstrual impurity (נִדָּה)וְ
A third casuistic protasis opens the נִדָּה unit; the verse pointedly defines the discharge as blood (דָּם), distinguishing it categorically from the זָב's condition even though the same root זוב describes both.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְאִשָּׁה֙and a womanconj וְ + N f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Subject (casus pendens, new casuistic protasis)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'woman'; opens the chapter's third casuistic protasis, introducing the נִדָּה unit.
כִּֽיwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction (introduces casuistic protasis)כִּי (H3588), conditional/temporal 'when, if'; opens this case exactly as in vv. 2, 16.
תִהְיֶ֣הshe hasQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (existential, protasis)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a hypothetical case introduced by כִּיהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become, happen'; existential, governing the participle זָבָה, exactly parallel to the male case of v. 2.
זָבָ֔הhaving a dischargeQal ptc f sg abs · זָבָה (H2101)Predicate complement (substantival participle, complement of תִהְיֶה)→ Participle: durative/characterizing — a woman in the state of ongoing flowFeminine Qal participle of זוב (H2100) 'to flow'; OSHB tags this form under H2101, the cognate noun זוֹב, reflecting its near-substantival function — 'is (a woman) having a discharge', the technical designation opening the נִדָּה unit.
דָּ֛םbloodN m sg abs · דָּם (H1818)Predicate nominative (fronted for emphasis)דָּם (H1818) 'blood'; fronted before the verb to define the flow explicitly as blood, distinguishing the woman's ordinary menstrual case categorically from the זָב's condition even though the same root זוב describes both.
יִהְיֶ֥הwill beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (verbless-clause equivalent, main assertion)→ Yiqtol: definitional — states the standing identificationהָיָה (H1961); copular, asserting that her flow (זֹבָהּ) consists of blood.
זֹבָ֖הּher dischargeN m sg constr + 3fs sfx · זוֹב (H2100)Subject of יִהְיֶהזוֹב (H2100/H2101) 'flow, discharge'; here with 3fs suffix as subject, resuming the case just opened — 'her discharge, [it] will be blood'.
בִּבְשָׂרָ֑הּin her bodyprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3fs sfx · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Locative prepositional phraseבָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh, body'; here likely euphemistic for the genital area, the site of the menstrual flow, as with the male זָב in v. 2.
שִׁבְעַ֤תsevennum f sg constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral in construct with יָמִים (adverbial accusative of duration)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; construct before יָמִים, fixing the duration of menstrual impurity, as for the parallel offering count of v. 13.
יָמִים֙daysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive of the construct chain (accusative of duration)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; plural, completing the standard seven-day count for both the man's and the woman's flux and impurity.
תִּהְיֶ֣הshe shall beQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (main clause, prescriptive)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing rule for the duration of her impurityהָיָה (H1961); here governing the prepositional phrase בְנִדָּתָהּ, 'she shall be in her menstrual impurity'.
בְנִדָּתָ֔הּin her menstrual impurityprep בְּ + N f sg constr + 3fs sfx · נִדָּה (H5079)Predicate prepositional phrase (state complement of תִּהְיֶה)נִדָּה (H5079) 'menstrual impurity, separation'; the chapter's key technical term for this unit, cognate with a root of exclusion/expulsion — the sense of being set apart during the flow.
וְכָלand whoeverconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with הַנֹּגֵעַ, opening the contagion clauseכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; opens the contagion rule attached to this unit, as in v. 4.
הַנֹּגֵ֥עַthe one touchingart + Qal ptc m sg abs · נָגַע (H5060)Subject (substantival participle, 'whoever touches')→ Participle: characterizing — anyone who makes contact with herנָגַע (H5060) 'to touch'; substantivized with the article, the chapter's standard formula for direct contagion (cf. vv. 7, 10).
בָּ֖הּherprep בְּ + 3fs sfx · בְּ (H9003)Prepositional phrase (object of touching, complement of הַנֹּגֵעַ)בְּ (H9003) 'in, on, at, with' + 3fs suffix, referring to the menstruant herself; direct bodily contact transmits the same evening-uncleanness as contact with the male זָב (cf. v. 7).
יִטְמָ֥אshall be uncleanQal impf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequenceטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; the chapter's basic verbal root of cultic status.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'; marks the temporal limit of the derivative uncleanness, as throughout the chapter's remedy formula.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition עַד (temporal terminus)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; marks the standard duration of the lightest grade of cultic uncleanness in this chapter.
20

וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּשְׁכַּ֥ב עָלָ֛יו בְּנִדָּתָ֖הּ יִטְמָ֑א וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר תֵּשֵׁ֥ב עָלָ֖יו יִטְמָֽא

Everything on which she lies during her impurity shall be unclean, and everything on which she sits shall be unclean.

Contagion via bed and seatasyndeton
Mirrors v. 4's bed-and-seat rule for the male זָב almost verbatim, establishing the structural parallel between the two units.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְכֹל֩and everythingconj וְ + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Subject (casus pendens, resumed by יִטְמָא)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, everything'; opens the bed-and-seat contagion rule for the menstruant, structurally parallel to v. 4's rule for the male זָב.
אֲשֶׁ֨רon whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying כֹלאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'which, that'.
תִּשְׁכַּ֥בshe liesQal impf 3fs · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/habitual — repeated or potential actionשָׁכַב (H7901) Qal 'to lie down'; here of the menstruant's ordinary reclining, mirroring יִשְׁכַּב of v. 4.
עָלָ֛יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of תִּשְׁכַּב)עַל (H5921) 'on, upon' + 3ms suffix, referring back to כֹל (the bed, taken as masculine by default agreement).
בְּנִדָּתָ֖הּduring her impurityprep בְּ + N f sg constr + 3fs sfx · נִדָּה (H5079)Circumstantial prepositional phraseנִדָּה (H5079) 'menstrual impurity'; specifies the temporal frame within which the bed/seat contagion operates.
יִטְמָ֑אshall be uncleanQal impf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequenceטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; closes the bed clause, exactly as יִטְמָא in v. 4.
וְכֹ֛לand everythingconj וְ + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Subject (casus pendens), coordinating the second (seat) clauseכֹּל (H3605); introduces the parallel rule for the seat, as in v. 4.
אֲשֶׁרon whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying כֹלאֲשֶׁר (H834), 'which, that'.
תֵּשֵׁ֥בshe sitsQal impf 3fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/habitual — repeated or potential actionיָשַׁב (H3427) Qal 'to sit, dwell'.
עָלָ֖יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of תֵּשֵׁב)עַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, referring to the seat-object.
יִטְמָֽאshall be uncleanQal impf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequenceטָמֵא (H2930); closes the parallel bed/seat pair, exactly as v. 4's יִטְמָֽא.
21

וְכָל הַנֹּגֵ֖עַ בְּמִשְׁכָּבָ֑הּ יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And whoever touches her bed shall wash his garments and bathe in water, and he shall be unclean until evening.

Secondary contagion: the bedוְ
Repeats the standard remedy formula, now applied to the menstruant's bed.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְכָלand whoeverconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with הַנֹּגֵעַכֹּל (H3605); opens the secondary-contagion rule for the menstruant's bed.
הַנֹּגֵ֖עַthe one touchingart + Qal ptc m sg abs · נָגַע (H5060)Subject (substantival participle, 'whoever touches')→ Participle: characterizing — anyone who makes contact with the bedנָגַע (H5060) 'to touch'; substantivized with the article, the standard formula introducing the remedy clause (cf. v. 5).
בְּמִשְׁכָּבָ֑הּher bedprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3fs sfx · מִשְׁכָּב (H4904)Object of the participle (complement of touching)מִשְׁכָּב (H4904) 'bed, couch', from שָׁכַב 'to lie down'; the same object drawn into the male זָב's contagion in v. 5, now the menstruant's.
יְכַבֵּ֧סshall washPiel impf 3ms · כָּבַס (H3526)Predicate verb (apodosis, first of the remedy formula)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing remedyכָּבַס (H3526) Piel 'to wash, launder'; opens the chapter's recurring remedy formula (cf. v. 5).
בְּגָדָ֛יוhis garmentsN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of יְכַבֵּסבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'; the object washed by the one contracting secondary impurity.
וְרָחַ֥ץand shall batheconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms (weqatal) · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (continuing the remedy sequence)→ Weqatal: continuing prescriptive sequence — 'shall wash... and shall bathe'רָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to wash, bathe'; the second element of the standard remedy, applied to the body itself.
בַּמַּ֖יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Instrumental prepositional phraseמַיִם (H4325) 'water'; ordinary water suffices here, unlike the 'living water' required for the זָב's own purification in v. 13.
וְטָמֵ֥אand shall be uncleanconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms (weqatal) · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (closing the remedy formula)→ Weqatal: continuing prescriptive sequence — the residual uncleanness despite washingטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; even after washing, uncleanness persists until evening.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'; marks the temporal limit, as throughout the chapter.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition עַד (temporal terminus)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; closes the standard remedy formula.
22

וְכָל הַנֹּגֵ֔עַ בְּכָל כְּלִ֖י אֲשֶׁר תֵּשֵׁ֣ב עָלָ֑יו יְכַבֵּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And whoever touches any article on which she has sat shall wash his garments and bathe in water, and he shall be unclean until evening.

Secondary contagion: the seatוְ
Completes the bed/seat pair with the identical remedy formula used throughout the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְכָלand whoeverconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with הַנֹּגֵעַכֹּל (H3605); opens the secondary-contagion rule for objects the menstruant has sat on.
הַנֹּגֵ֔עַthe one touchingart + Qal ptc m sg abs · נָגַע (H5060)Subject (substantival participle, 'whoever touches')→ Participle: characterizing — anyone who makes contact with the articleנָגַע (H5060) 'to touch'; substantivized with the article, as in v. 21.
בְּכָלanyprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Prepositional phrase (complement of הַנֹּגֵעַ)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, any'; in construct with כְּלִי, 'any article whatsoever'.
כְּלִ֖יarticleN m sg abs · כְּלִי (H3627)Genitive of the construct chainכְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, article, utensil'; the same broad term used for the seat-object in v. 4.
אֲשֶׁרon whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying כְּלִיאֲשֶׁר (H834), 'which, that'.
תֵּשֵׁ֣בshe has satQal impf 3fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/habitual — repeated or potential actionיָשַׁב (H3427) Qal 'to sit'.
עָלָ֑יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of תֵּשֵׁב)עַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, referring to the article.
יְכַבֵּ֧סshall washPiel impf 3ms · כָּבַס (H3526)Predicate verb (apodosis, first of the remedy formula)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing remedyכָּבַס (H3526) Piel 'to wash, launder'; the standard remedy formula, as in v. 21.
בְּגָדָ֛יוhis garmentsN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of יְכַבֵּסבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'; the object washed.
וְרָחַ֥ץand shall batheconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms (weqatal) · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (continuing the remedy sequence)→ Weqatal: continuing prescriptive sequenceרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to wash, bathe'; applied to the body.
בַּמַּ֖יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Instrumental prepositional phraseמַיִם (H4325) 'water'; ordinary water, as throughout the remedy formula.
וְטָמֵ֥אand shall be uncleanconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms (weqatal) · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (closing the remedy formula)→ Weqatal: continuing prescriptive sequenceטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition עַד (temporal terminus)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; closes the standard remedy formula, completing the bed/seat pair for the menstruant (vv. 21-22 mirroring vv. 5-6).
23

וְאִ֨ם עַֽל הַמִּשְׁכָּ֜ב ה֗וּא א֧וֹ עַֽל הַכְּלִ֛י אֲשֶׁר הִ֥וא יֹשֶֽׁבֶת עָלָ֖יו בְּנָגְעוֹ ב֑וֹ יִטְמָ֖א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And if it is on the bed, or on the article on which she is sitting, when he touches it he shall be unclean until evening.

Clarifying case: touching the surface itselfוְ
Addresses an ambiguous scenario — touching the bed or seat while she is still on it, or incidental contact — with only the lighter until-evening remedy and no wash requirement stated, distinguishing this from full contact with her person.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְאִ֨םand ifconj וְ + conj · אִם (H518)Conditional conjunction (introduces a clarifying casuistic sub-case)אִם (H518) 'if'; introduces an ambiguous scenario not yet covered directly — touching the bed or seat while still in contact with, or associated with, the menstruant.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative, first disjunct)עַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; introduces the first of two possible surfaces, the bed.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֜בthe bedart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּב (H4904)Object of preposition עַלמִשְׁכָּב (H4904) 'bed, couch'; the same object as vv. 20-21.
ה֗וּאit (is)pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Predicate/copular pronoun (verbless clause, 'if it is on the bed')הוּא (H1931); functions as copula, referring back to whatever the menstruant has touched — the object under discussion.
א֧וֹorconj · אוֹ (H176)Coordinating disjunctive conjunctionאוֹ (H176) 'or'; introduces the second possible surface, the seat-article.
עַֽלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative, second disjunct)עַל (H5921) 'on, upon'; parallels the first disjunct.
הַכְּלִ֛יthe articleart + N m sg abs · כְּלִי (H3627)Object of preposition עַלכְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, article'; the same broad term as vv. 4, 22.
אֲשֶׁרon whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying הַכְּלִיאֲשֶׁר (H834), 'which, that'.
הִ֥ואshepron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Subject of יֹשֶׁבֶתהִיא (H1931), feminine independent pronoun, resuming the woman as subject of the relative clause.
יֹשֶֽׁבֶתis sittingQal ptc f sg abs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb of the relative clause (participial, ongoing state)→ Participle: durative — she is currently, actively sitting on itיָשַׁב (H3427) Qal 'to sit'; the participle marks her presence on the article as ongoing at the moment of contact, sharpening the ambiguous case.
עָלָ֖יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of יֹשֶׁבֶת)עַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, referring to הַכְּלִי.
בְּנָגְעוֹwhen he touches itprep בְּ + Qal inf constr + 3ms sfx · נָגַע (H5060)Temporal infinitival clause ('when/at his touching')→ Infinitive construct: marks the precise temporal moment of contact triggering the verdictנָגַע (H5060) 'to touch'; the infinitive construct with בְּ forms a temporal clause, 'in his touching it' = 'when he touches it' — the precise trigger of this lighter, until-evening-only case.
ב֑וֹitprep בְּ + 3ms sfx · בְּ (H9003)Prepositional phrase (object of touching, complement of בְּנָגְעוֹ)בְּ (H9003) 'in, on, with' + 3ms suffix, resuming the bed or article just named.
יִטְמָ֖אhe shall be uncleanQal impf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the lighter consequence, without a stated wash requirementטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; notably the verse specifies only until-evening uncleanness, omitting the wash-and-bathe remedy of vv. 21-22 — a lighter grade for this more incidental or ambiguous contact.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition עַד (temporal terminus)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; closes the verse's lighter remedy.
24

וְאִ֡ם שָׁכֹב֩ יִשְׁכַּ֨ב אִ֜ישׁ אֹתָ֗הּ וּתְהִ֤י נִדָּתָהּ֙ עָלָ֔יו וְטָמֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וְכָל הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ב אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּ֥ב עָלָ֖יו יִטְמָֽא

And if a man actually lies with her, and her impurity comes upon him, he shall be unclean seven days; and every bed on which he lies shall be unclean.

Intercourse during menstruation, closing the unitוְ
The infinitive absolute שָׁכֹב before the finite יִשְׁכַּב marks emphasis, 'if a man indeed lies…'; unlike ordinary intercourse (v. 18), intercourse during menstruation transmits the woman's full seven-day impurity to the man himself — the unit's most severe case, closing it on a note of gravity.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְאִ֡םand ifconj וְ + conj · אִם (H518)Conditional conjunction (introduces the unit's final and most severe case)אִם (H518) 'if'; opens the closing case of the נִדָּה unit — intercourse during menstruation.
שָׁכֹב֩indeed liesQal inf abs · שָׁכַב (H7901)Infinitive absolute (emphatic, preceding the finite verb of the same root)→ Infinitive absolute: intensifies the following finite verb — 'if a man really, actually lies with her'שָׁכַב (H7901) 'to lie down'; the infinitive absolute before the finite יִשְׁכַּב is a classic emphatic construction, underscoring that actual intercourse — not incidental contact — is in view, marking the gravity of this final, most severe case.
יִשְׁכַּ֨בliesQal impf 3ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb (protasis, reinforced by the preceding infinitive absolute)→ Yiqtol: modal/hypothetical, intensified — the emphatic case in viewשָׁכַב (H7901) Qal 'to lie down'; here euphemistic for sexual intercourse, as in v. 18.
אִ֜ישׁa manN m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Subject of יִשְׁכַּבאִישׁ (H376) 'man'; the agent of the case, as throughout the chapter's casuistic formulas.
אֹתָ֗הּ[obj] herobj marker + 3fs sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + suffix (direct object of יִשְׁכַּב)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi with 3fs suffix, marking the woman as the direct object of the man's action.
וּתְהִ֤יand comesconj וְ + Qal jussive/impf 3fs (wayyiqtol-equivalent) · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (apodosis-initial, sequential result)→ Sequential yiqtol: the immediate consequence of intercourse — her impurity transfers to himהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become, happen'; here of transfer — her נִדָּה 'comes to be' upon him, the verse's central claim that intercourse during menstruation communicates the woman's full impurity-status to the man.
נִדָּתָהּ֙her impurityN f sg constr + 3fs sfx · נִדָּה (H5079)Subject of וּתְהִינִדָּה (H5079) 'menstrual impurity'; the chapter's key term, here transmitted from the woman to the man in this most severe case of the unit.
עָלָ֔יוupon himprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of וּתְהִי)עַל (H5921) 'upon' + 3ms suffix, referring to the man — the impurity now rests on him.
וְטָמֵ֖אand he shall be uncleanconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms (weqatal) · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (continuing the apodosis)→ Weqatal: continuing prescriptive consequence — full transfer of impurity-statusטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; unlike v. 18's mild until-evening rule for ordinary intercourse, here the man bears the woman's full-grade impurity.
שִׁבְעַ֣תsevennum f sg constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Numeral in construct with יָמִים (adverbial accusative of duration)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; the man now serves the full seven-day period, identical to the woman's own נִדָּה duration in v. 19 — the chapter's most severe secondary contagion.
יָמִ֑יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive of the construct chain (accusative of duration)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; plural, completing the seven-day sentence now imposed on the man himself.
וְכָלand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with הַמִּשְׁכָּב, opening the closing bed-contagion clauseכֹּל (H3605); introduces the unit's final clause, extending the bed-contagion rule of vv. 4, 20 now to the man's own bed.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛בthe bedart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּב (H4904)Subject (casus pendens, resumed by יִטְמָא)מִשְׁכָּב (H4904) 'bed, couch'; now the man's own bed becomes unclean, since he bears the full menstrual impurity for its duration.
אֲשֶׁרon whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying הַמִּשְׁכָּבאֲשֶׁר (H834), 'which, that'.
יִשְׁכַּ֥בhe liesQal impf 3ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/habitual — repeated or potential actionשָׁכַב (H7901) Qal 'to lie down'; now of the man's own ordinary reclining, contaminated by the impurity he now bears.
עָלָ֖יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of יִשְׁכַּב)עַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, referring to הַמִּשְׁכָּב.
יִטְמָֽאshall be uncleanQal impf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequenceטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; closes the נִדָּה unit on its gravest note — the man's bed, like the woman's own (v. 20), now transmits contagion in turn.
25

וְאִשָּׁ֡ה כִּֽי יָזוּב֩ ז֨וֹב דָּמָ֜הּ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים בְּלֹא֙ עֶת נִדָּתָ֔הּ א֥וֹ כִֽי תָז֖וּב עַל נִדָּתָ֑הּ כָּל יְמֵ֞י ז֣וֹב טֻמְאָתָ֗הּ כִּימֵ֧י נִדָּתָ֛הּ תִּהְיֶ֖ה טְמֵאָ֥ה הִֽוא

And a woman, when the flow of her blood flows many days not at the time of her impurity, or when it flows beyond her impurity — all the days of the flow of her uncleanness she shall be as in the days of her impurity; she is unclean.

New sub-unit: the woman's abnormal discharge (זָבָה)וְ
A fourth casuistic protasis introduces the chapter's final category, structurally answering the male זָב of vv. 2-15; two sub-cases — bleeding outside the normal period, or bleeding that overruns it — are both assimilated to the full severity of נִדָּה impurity for their entire duration.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וְאִשָּׁ֡הand a womanconj וְ + N f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Subject (casus pendens, fronted before כִּי)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'woman'; fronted as the new subject opening this final casuistic sub-unit, paralleling אִישׁ אִישׁ in v. 2.
כִּֽיwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction (introduces casuistic protasis)כִּי (H3588) conditional/temporal 'when, if'; opens the protasis of this new case, as in v. 2.
יָזוּב֩flowsQal impf 3ms · זוּב (H2100)Predicate verb (protasis, first sub-case)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a hypothetical, ongoing flowזוּב (H2100) Qal 'to flow, discharge'; here of the woman's blood flowing at an abnormal time — the verbal root underlying both זָב and זָבָה.
ז֨וֹבthe flow ofN m sg constr · זוֹב (H2101)Subject of יָזוּב (construct head)זוֹב (H2101) 'flow, discharge'; construct with דָּמָהּ, 'the flow of her blood' — subject of the verb.
דָּמָ֜הּher bloodN m sg constr + 3fs sfx · דָּם (H1818)Genitive of the construct chainדָּם (H1818) 'blood'; completes 'the flow of her blood', specifying the abnormal discharge as bleeding.
יָמִ֣יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; plural absolute functioning adverbially, 'for many days'.
רַבִּ֗יםmanyadj m pl abs · רַב (H7227)Attributive adjective modifying יָמִיםרַב (H7227) 'much, many'; qualifies יָמִים, describing an extended, abnormal duration.
בְּלֹא֙not atprep בְּ + neg · לֹא (H3808)Negated temporal prepositional phraseלֹא (H3808) negative particle with prep בְּ, 'not in/at' — marks the flow as occurring outside its proper time.
עֶתthe time ofN c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Object of preposition בְּ (construct head)עֵת (H6256) 'time, season'; construct with נִדָּתָהּ, specifying the normal menstrual period.
נִדָּתָ֔הּher impurityN f sg constr + 3fs sfx · נִדָּה (H5079)Genitive of the construct chainנִדָּה (H5079) 'impurity, menstrual separation'; here denoting her regular monthly period, against which the abnormal flow is measured.
א֥וֹorconj · אוֹ (H176)Coordinating disjunctive conjunctionאוֹ (H176) 'or'; introduces the second sub-case.
כִֽיwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction (introduces second protasis)כִּי (H3588); reintroduces the conditional for the second sub-case, bleeding that overruns the normal period.
תָז֖וּבit flowsQal impf 3fs · זוּב (H2100)Predicate verb (protasis, second sub-case)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a hypothetical, ongoing flowזוּב (H2100) Qal 'to flow'; here 3fs agreeing with the implied subject 'she' — the flow continuing beyond its normal bounds.
עַלbeyondprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (extent, 'beyond/past')עַל (H5921) here with the nuance 'beyond, past'; the flow overruns the bounds of her normal impurity period.
נִדָּתָ֑הּher impurityN f sg constr + 3fs sfx · נִדָּה (H5079)Object of preposition עַלנִדָּה (H5079); her normal menstrual period, now overrun by the abnormal flow.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with יְמֵי (apodosis opening)כֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; opens the apodosis stating the verdict for the entire duration of the flow.
יְמֵ֞יthe days ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; construct plural, 'the days of' — begins the temporal phrase spanning the whole flow.
ז֣וֹבthe flow ofN m sg constr · זוֹב (H2101)Construct chain (genitival)זוֹב (H2101) 'flow, discharge'; continues the construct chain, 'the days of the flow of'.
טֻמְאָתָ֗הּher uncleannessN f sg constr + 3fs sfx · טֻמְאָה (H2932)Genitive of the construct chain (completes 'all the days of the flow of her uncleanness')טֻמְאָה (H2932) 'uncleanness'; completes the temporal phrase — the entire span of her abnormal, unclean flow.
כִּימֵ֧יas the days ofprep כְּ + N m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Comparative prepositional phrase (predicate complement)יוֹם (H3117) with comparative prep כְּ, 'like/as the days of' — equates the duration and severity to her normal menstrual period.
נִדָּתָ֛הּher impurityN f sg constr + 3fs sfx · נִדָּה (H5079)Genitive of the construct chainנִדָּה (H5079); completes the comparison — she is treated as during her normal menstrual impurity.
תִּהְיֶ֖הshe shall beQal impf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequence for the entire duration of the flowהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; states the ruling — for the whole span of the flow she is to be treated as a נִדָּה.
טְמֵאָ֥הuncleanadj f sg abs · טָמֵא (H2931)Predicate adjective (verbless clause)טָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'; closing verdict, feminine agreeing with the woman.
הִֽואshe (is)pron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Predicate/copular pronoun (verbless clause)הִיא (H1931); copula closing the verse, 'she is unclean' — echoing the verdict formula of v. 2 (טָמֵא הוּא).
26

כָּל הַמִּשְׁכָּ֞ב אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁכַּ֤ב עָלָיו֙ כָּל יְמֵ֣י זוֹבָ֔הּ כְּמִשְׁכַּ֥ב נִדָּתָ֖הּ יִֽהְיֶה לָּ֑הּ וְכָֽל הַכְּלִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּשֵׁ֣ב עָלָ֔יו טָמֵ֣א יִהְיֶ֔ה כְּטֻמְאַ֖ת נִדָּתָֽהּ

Every bed on which she lies during all the days of her flow shall be to her like the bed of her impurity, and every article on which she sits shall be unclean, like the uncleanness of her impurity.

Contagion via bed and seatasyndeton
Explicitly equates the זָבָה's bed and seat contagion with the נִדָּה's (כְּמִשְׁכַּב נִדָּתָהּ, כְּטֻמְאַת נִדָּתָהּ), formally binding the two units together.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
כָּלeveryN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with הַמִּשְׁכָּבכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; opens the bed-contagion rule for the זָבָה, parallel to v. 4.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֞בthe bedart + N m sg abs · מִשְׁכָּב (H4904)Subject (casus pendens, resumed by the following clause)מִשְׁכָּב (H4904) 'bed, couch'; as in v. 4, the first object drawn into the sufferer's contagion.
אֲשֶׁרon whichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying הַמִּשְׁכָּבאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'which, that'.
תִּשְׁכַּ֤בshe liesQal impf 3fs · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/habitual — repeated or potential actionשָׁכַב (H7901) Qal 'to lie down'; here of the זָבָה reclining on the bed, as the male זָב in v. 4.
עָלָיו֙on itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of תִּשְׁכַּב)עַל (H5921) 'on, upon' + 3ms suffix, referring back to הַמִּשְׁכָּב (masc noun despite female referent).
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with יְמֵי (temporal phrase)כֹּל (H3605); opens the durational phrase specifying the scope of the bed rule.
יְמֵ֣יthe days ofN m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117); construct plural, 'the days of'.
זוֹבָ֔הּher flowN m sg constr + 3fs sfx · זוֹב (H2101)Genitive of the construct chainזוֹב (H2101) 'flow, discharge'; completes 'all the days of her flow' — the entire abnormal duration.
כְּמִשְׁכַּ֥בlike the bed ofprep כְּ + N m sg constr · מִשְׁכָּב (H4904)Comparative prepositional phrase (predicate complement)מִשְׁכָּב (H4904) with comparative prep כְּ, 'like the bed of' — equates her flux-bed with her regular menstrual bed.
נִדָּתָ֖הּher impurityN f sg constr + 3fs sfx · נִדָּה (H5079)Genitive of the construct chainנִדָּה (H5079); completes the comparison to her ordinary menstrual bed.
יִֽהְיֶהshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing ruleהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; states the ruling equating the bed's status.
לָּ֑הּto herprep לְ + 3fs sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (dative of reference)לְ 'to, for' + 3fs suffix, 'to her' — the bed's uncleanness pertains to her specifically.
וְכָֽלand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct, coordinating the second (seat) caseכֹּל (H3605); introduces the parallel rule for the seat, as in v. 4.
הַכְּלִי֙the articleart + N m sg abs · כְּלִי (H3627)Subject (casus pendens)כְּלִי (H3627) 'vessel, article, utensil'; the broad term for any implement one might sit on.
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhichrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying הַכְּלִיאֲשֶׁר (H834), 'which, that'.
תֵּשֵׁ֣בshe sitsQal impf 3fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: imperfective/habitual — repeated or potential actionיָשַׁב (H3427) Qal 'to sit, dwell'.
עָלָ֔יוon itprep עַל + 3ms sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (locative complement of תֵּשֵׁב)עַל (H5921) + 3ms suffix, referring to הַכְּלִי.
טָמֵ֣אuncleanadj m sg abs · טָמֵא (H2931)Predicate adjective (apodosis)טָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'; the verdict for the seat.
יִהְיֶ֔הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequenceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'.
כְּטֻמְאַ֖תlike the uncleanness ofprep כְּ + N f sg constr · טֻמְאָה (H2932)Comparative prepositional phraseטֻמְאָה (H2932) with comparative prep כְּ, 'like the uncleanness of' — equates the seat's uncleanness grade with her regular menstrual impurity.
נִדָּתָֽהּher impurityN f sg constr + 3fs sfx · נִדָּה (H5079)Genitive of the construct chainנִדָּה (H5079); closes the verse's second comparison, binding the זָבָה's contagion grade to the נִדָּה's.
27

וְכָל הַנּוֹגֵ֥עַ בָּ֖ם יִטְמָ֑א וְכִבֶּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָמֵ֥א עַד הָעָֽרֶב

And whoever touches them shall be unclean, and he shall wash his garments and bathe in water, and he shall be unclean until evening.

Secondary contagionוְ
Applies the standard remedy formula to both the bed and the seat together (בָּם, plural), completing the contagion rules before the purification procedure begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְכָלand everyconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Quantifier in construct with הַנּוֹגֵעַ (casus pendens)כֹּל (H3605); opens the contagion rule for touching, as in v. 5/7.
הַנּוֹגֵ֥עַwhoever touchesart + Qal ptc m sg abs · נָגַע (H5060)Subject (substantival participle, casus pendens)→ Participle: durative/characterizing — anyone who touchesנָגַע (H5060) Qal 'to touch'; articular participle, 'the one touching' = 'whoever touches'.
בָּ֖םthemprep בְּ + 3mp sfx · בְּPrepositional phrase (object of touching)בְּ 'in, on' + 3mp suffix, 'them' — referring back to the bed and article (מִשְׁכָּב, כְּלִי) of v. 26 together.
יִטְמָ֑אshall be uncleanQal impf 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequenceטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'.
וְכִבֶּ֧סand he shall washweqatal (Piel) 3ms · כִּבֵּס (H3526)Predicate verb (weqatal, continuing the apodosis)→ Weqatal: continuing consequential sequence — the standard remedyכִּבֵּס (H3526) Piel 'to wash, launder'; opens the chapter's recurring remedy formula.
בְּגָדָ֛יוhis garmentsN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · בֶּגֶד (H899)Direct object of וְכִבֶּסבֶּגֶד (H899) 'garment'; plural with 3ms suffix, 'his garments' — the object laundered as part of the remedy.
וְרָחַ֥ץand he shall batheweqatal (Qal) 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (weqatal, continuing the remedy sequence)→ Weqatal: continuing consequential sequenceרָחַץ (H7364) Qal 'to wash, bathe'; the bodily counterpart to laundering the garments.
בַּמַּ֖יִםin waterprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Locative prepositional phrase (means)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'; the medium of ritual bathing.
וְטָמֵ֥אand he shall be uncleanweqatal (Qal) 3ms · טָמֵא (H2930)Predicate verb (weqatal, closing the remedy sequence)→ Weqatal: continuing consequential sequence — residual uncleanness despite washingטָמֵא (H2930) Qal 'to be/become unclean'; even after washing, uncleanness persists until the time limit is reached.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Temporal prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'until'; marks the terminus of the remaining uncleanness.
הָעָֽרֶבthe eveningart + N m sg abs · עֶרֶב (H6153)Object of preposition עַדעֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'; the standard cutoff for lesser-grade impurities in this chapter.
28

וְאִֽם טָהֲרָ֖ה מִזּוֹבָ֑הּ וְסָ֥פְרָה לָּ֛הּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים וְאַחַ֥ר תִּטְהָֽר

And if she becomes clean from her discharge, she shall count off seven days for herself, and afterward she shall be clean.

Purification begins: the seven-day countוְ
Mirrors v. 13's opening of the male זָב's purification almost exactly, again marking the structural symmetry of the two units.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְאִֽםand ifconj וְ + conj · אִם (H518)Subordinating conjunction (introduces new protasis, purification)אִם (H518) 'if'; opens the purification protasis, as in v. 13 for the male זָב.
טָהֲרָ֖הshe becomes cleanQal perf 3fs · טָהֵר (H2891)Predicate verb (protasis)→ Perfective: a completed state entered — becoming cleanטָהֵר (H2891) Qal 'to be/become clean'; marks the cessation of the abnormal flow, opening her purification.
מִזּוֹבָ֑הּfrom her dischargeprep מִן + N m sg constr + 3fs sfx · זוֹב (H2101)Source prepositional phraseזוֹב (H2101) 'flow, discharge'; specifies the condition from which she becomes clean.
וְסָ֥פְרָהand she shall countweqatal (Qal) 3fs · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (weqatal, apodosis)→ Weqatal: consequential sequence — the prescribed counting periodסָפַר (H5608) Qal 'to count, number'; begins the seven-day purification count, paralleling the man's procedure in v. 13.
לָּ֛הּfor herselfprep לְ + 3fs sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (dative of advantage)לְ 'to, for' + 3fs suffix, 'for herself' — the counting is done on her own behalf.
שִׁבְעַ֥תsevennumeral m sg constr · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Construct head (numeral chain with יָמִים)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'; construct with יָמִים, the standard purification interval in this chapter (cf. v. 13, v. 19).
יָמִ֖יםdaysN m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Genitive of the numeral construct chain / adverbial accusative of durationיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; completes 'seven days', the fixed purification count.
וְאַחַ֥רand afterwardconj וְ + adv · אַחַר (H310)Adverbial temporal phrase (introduces the result)אַחַר (H310) 'afterward, after'; marks the point once the count is complete.
תִּטְהָֽרshe shall be cleanQal impf 3fs · טָהֵר (H2891)Predicate verb (apodosis)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequence once the count is completeטָהֵר (H2891) Qal 'to be/become clean'; closes the purification formula, an inclusio with טָהֲרָה that opened the verse.
29

וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י תִּֽקַּֽח לָהּ֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י תֹרִ֔ים א֥וֹ שְׁנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֑ה וְהֵבִיאָ֤ה אוֹתָם֙ אֶל הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֶל פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד

And on the eighth day she shall take for herself two turtledoves or two young pigeons, and bring them to the priest, to the entrance of the tent of meeting.

Eighth-day sanctuary appearanceוְ
Verbally parallel to v. 14's provision for the man, down to the identical bird offering — the chapter grants the woman the same accessible, low-cost atoning rite.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וּבַיּ֣וֹםand on the dayconj וְ + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase (fronted setting)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; with prep+article, 'and on the day' — introduces the eighth-day offering, paralleling v. 14.
הַשְּׁמִינִ֗יthe eighthart + ordinal adj m sg abs · שְׁמִינִי (H8066)Attributive adjective modifying יּוֹםשְׁמִינִי (H8066) 'eighth'; the fixed interval after the seven-day count (v. 28), matching the man's eighth-day offering in v. 14.
תִּֽקַּֽחshe shall takeQal impf 3fs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Yiqtol: prescriptive — the standing consequence/procedureלָקַח (H3947) Qal 'to take'; she herself procures the offering birds, as the male זָב does in v. 14.
לָהּ֙for herselfprep לְ + 3fs sfx · לְPrepositional phrase (dative of advantage)לְ 'to, for' + 3fs suffix, 'for herself'.
שְׁתֵּ֣יtwonumeral f dual constr · שְׁתַּיִם (H8147)Construct head (numeral chain with תֹרִים)שְׁתַּיִם (H8147) 'two'; construct feminine dual, governing תֹרִים.
תֹרִ֔יםturtledovesN c pl abs · תּוֹר (H8449)Genitive of the numeral construct chain (first offering option)תּוֹר (H8449) 'turtledove'; the first of the two low-cost bird species permitted, as in v. 14.
א֥וֹorconj · אוֹ (H176)Coordinating disjunctive conjunctionאוֹ (H176) 'or'; offers the alternative bird species.
שְׁנֵ֖יtwonumeral m dual constr · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Construct head (numeral chain with בְּנֵי יוֹנָה)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'; masculine dual construct, governing בְּנֵי יוֹנָה.
בְּנֵ֣יyoung ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival, 'sons/young of')בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; idiomatic construct 'sons of a dove' = young pigeons.
יוֹנָ֑הa doveN f sg abs · יוֹנָה (H3123)Genitive of the construct chainיוֹנָה (H3123) 'dove, pigeon'; completes 'young pigeons', the second permitted bird offering.
וְהֵבִיאָ֤הand she shall bringweqatal (Hiphil) 3fs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (weqatal, continuing the main clause)→ Weqatal: continuing consequential sequence — bringing the offering to the priestבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring, cause to come'; she personally delivers the birds to the sanctuary, as the man does in v. 14.
אוֹתָם֙themobj marker אֵת + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker + suffix (object of וְהֵבִיאָה)אֵת (H853) with 3mp suffix, 'them' — referring to the two birds.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase marking recipientאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; introduces the priest as recipient.
הַכֹּהֵ֔ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Object of preposition אֶלכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; the officiant who receives and offers the birds, as throughout the chapter's remedy procedures.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (locative, appositional to the priest)אֶל (H413) 'to'; a second locative phrase specifying where the priest is approached.
פֶּ֖תַחthe entrance ofN m sg constr · פֶּתַח (H6607)Object of preposition אֶל (construct head)פֶּתַח (H6607) 'entrance, opening'; construct with אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, the customary site for presenting offerings.
אֹ֥הֶלthe tent ofN m sg constr · אֹהֶל (H168)Construct chain (genitival)אֹהֶל (H168) 'tent'; construct with מוֹעֵד, forming the fixed designation for the sanctuary.
מוֹעֵֽדmeetingN m sg abs · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Genitive of the construct chainמוֹעֵד (H4150) 'appointed time/place, meeting'; completes 'tent of meeting', the mobile sanctuary where the priest officiates.
30

וְעָשָׂ֤ה הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת הָאֶחָ֣ד חַטָּ֔את וְאֶת הָאֶחָ֖ד עֹלָ֑ה וְכִפֶּ֨ר עָלֶ֤יהָ הַכֹּהֵן֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִזּ֖וֹב טֻמְאָתָֽהּ

And the priest shall offer the one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering, and the priest shall make atonement for her before the LORD for the discharge of her uncleanness.

Priestly offering and atonement, closing the unitוְ
Closes the זָבָה unit exactly as v. 15 closed the זָב's, completing the chapter's careful structural symmetry between the male and female abnormal-discharge cases.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְעָשָׂ֤הand he shall offerweqatal (Qal) 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause)→ Weqatal: continuing the prescriptive sequence — the priest's required actionעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; here technical for offering sacrifice, 'shall offer/perform'.
הַכֹּהֵן֙the priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of וְעָשָׂהכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; the officiant responsible for the atonement offerings closing the unit.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marking הָאֶחָד as object)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking the first bird as definite direct object.
הָאֶחָ֣דthe oneart + numeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Direct object (first bird, in apposition with חַטָּאת)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'; refers to one of the two birds prescribed in v. 29, here designated for the sin offering.
חַטָּ֔אתas a sin offeringN f sg abs · חַטָּאת (H2403)Predicate accusative (accusative of result, 'as a sin offering')חַטָּאת (H2403) 'sin offering, purification offering', from חטא 'to sin, miss the mark'; the standard atoning sacrifice for impurity.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Coordinating conjunction + direct-object marker (second object)וְ joins the second offering; אֵת marks הָאֶחָד as the second definite direct object.
הָאֶחָ֖דthe otherart + numeral m sg abs · אֶחָד (H259)Direct object (second bird, in apposition with עֹלָה)אֶחָד (H259); the second bird, designated for the burnt offering.
עֹלָ֑הas a burnt offeringN f sg abs · עֹלָה (H5930)Predicate accusative (accusative of result, 'as a burnt offering')עֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offering', from עלה 'to go up' (the smoke ascending); the wholly-consumed offering paired with the חַטָּאת.
וְכִפֶּ֨רand he shall make atonementweqatal (Piel) 3ms · כָּפַר (H3722)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause)→ Weqatal: continuing the prescriptive sequence — the atoning act that closes the unitכָּפַר (H3722) Piel 'to make atonement, cover, purge'; the technical priestly act completing the purification of the זָבָה, as in v. 15 for the זָב.
עָלֶ֤יהָfor herprep עַל + 3fs sfx · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (beneficiary of the atonement)עַל (H5921) 'for, on behalf of' + 3fs suffix, referring to the woman with the discharge.
הַכֹּהֵן֙the priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of וְכִפֶּרכֹּהֵן (H3548); resumed as subject of the atoning act.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לְ + N m pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase (marking the sanctuary setting)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; the fixed idiom לִפְנֵי, 'before, in the presence of', locating the atonement at the sanctuary.
יְהוָ֔הthe LORDN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition לִפְנֵייְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God; the atonement is performed in his presence at the tabernacle.
מִזּ֖וֹבfor the discharge ofprep מִן + N m sg constr · זוֹב (H2101)Causal prepositional phrase (construct with טֻמְאָתָהּ)זוֹב (H2101) 'flow, discharge'; מִן here causal, 'because of, on account of' — the discharge that necessitated the atonement.
טֻמְאָתָֽהּher uncleannessN f sg constr + 3fs sfx · טֻמְאָה (H2932)Genitive of the construct chain (completing מִזּוֹב)טֻמְאָה (H2932) 'uncleanness'; closes the verse and the unit, resuming the chapter's key term one final time before the closing charge.
31

וְהִזַּרְתֶּ֥ם אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִטֻּמְאָתָ֑ם וְלֹ֤א יָמֻ֨תוּ֙ בְּטֻמְאָתָ֔ם בְּטַמְּאָ֥ם אֶת מִשְׁכָּנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּתוֹכָֽם

And you shall separate the sons of Israel from their uncleanness, so that they do not die in their uncleanness by defiling my tabernacle that is in their midst.

Closing charge: theological rationale for the whole chapterוְ
The chapter's hinge verse: uncleanness threatens Israel not on hygienic but on cultic-theological grounds — an unaddressed defilement can reach and profane YHWH's מִשְׁכָּן, standing in the camp's very midst, with lethal consequence. This single sentence retroactively supplies the reason for every rule preceding it.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְהִזַּרְתֶּ֥םand you shall separateweqatal (Hiphil) 2mp · נָזַר (H5144)Predicate verb (weqatal, main clause — direct charge to Moses and Aaron)→ Weqatal: prescriptive — the standing charge that grounds the whole chapterנָזַר (H5144) Hiphil 'to separate, warn away, keep at a distance' (Qal/Niphal elsewhere 'to dedicate, consecrate'); here causative — the priests must actively keep Israel separated from their uncleanness.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marking בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל as object)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking the sons of Israel as the definite direct object of הִזִּיר.
בְּנֵיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Construct head (genitival chain with יִשְׂרָאֵל)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct plural 'sons of' — the whole covenant community, object of the separating charge.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive of the construct chainיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478); completes 'sons of Israel', the whole people addressed by the chapter's closing charge.
מִטֻּמְאָתָ֑םfrom their uncleannessprep מִן + N f sg constr + 3mp sfx · טֻמְאָה (H2932)Source prepositional phrase (complement of הִזִּיר)טֻמְאָה (H2932) 'uncleanness'; the thing from which Israel must be kept separate — the chapter's governing term.
וְלֹ֤אso that they do notconj וְ + neg · לֹא (H3808)Coordinating conjunction + negative particle (introducing purpose/result clause)לֹא (H3808), negative particle; here with the following yiqtol expressing purpose/result, 'so that they not die'.
יָמֻ֨תוּ֙they dieQal impf 3mp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (purpose/result clause)→ Yiqtol: modal — the lethal consequence to be avertedמוּת (H4191) Qal 'to die'; names the mortal danger of unaddressed uncleanness reaching the sanctuary.
בְּטֻמְאָתָ֔םin their uncleannessprep בְּ + N f sg constr + 3mp sfx · טֻמְאָה (H2932)Locative/circumstantial prepositional phraseטֻמְאָה (H2932); the circumstance in which death would occur — dying while still bearing unaddressed impurity.
בְּטַמְּאָ֥םby their defilingprep בְּ + Piel inf constr + 3mp sfx · טָמֵא (H2930)Adverbial infinitive construct (means/circumstance clause)→ Infinitive construct: expresses the means/circumstance of the preceding verbטָמֵא (H2930) Piel 'to defile, make unclean'; infinitive construct with 3mp suffix as subject, 'in/by their defiling' — names the mechanism of the lethal danger: contaminating the sanctuary itself.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marking מִשְׁכָּנִי as object of the infinitive)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking 'my tabernacle' as the definite object of בְּטַמְּאָם.
מִשְׁכָּנִ֖יmy tabernacleN m sg constr + 1cs sfx · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Direct object of the infinitive בְּטַמְּאָםמִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'tabernacle, dwelling-place', from שׁכן 'to dwell' — distinct from מִשְׁכָּב 'bed' though visually similar; YHWH's own sanctuary, endangered by unchecked uncleanness.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying מִשְׁכָּנִיאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'that, which'.
בְּתוֹכָֽםis in their midstprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 3mp sfx · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Predicate locative (verbless relative clause)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst, middle'; the tabernacle stands literally among the people, making their uncleanness a proximate danger to it.
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זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַזָּ֑ב וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר תֵּצֵ֥א מִמֶּ֛נּוּ שִׁכְבַת זֶ֖רַע לְטָמְאָה בָֽהּ

This is the law of the one with the discharge, and of him from whom an emission of semen goes out, making him unclean by it,

Colophon: summary heading, part oneasyndeton
זֹאת תּוֹרַת opens the closing summary formula characteristic of Levitical ritual units (cf. 7:37-38, 14:32, 54-57), here listing the chapter's first two categories.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
זֹ֥אתthisdem pron f sg · זֹאת (H2063)Subject of the verbless clause (colophon heading formula)זֹאת (H2063), fem. sg. demonstrative 'this'; opens the fixed colophon formula זֹאת תּוֹרַת, 'this is the law/instruction of' (cf. 7:37, 11:46, 14:32, 54).
תּוֹרַ֖תthe law ofN f sg constr · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Predicate nominative (construct head, genitival chain)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'law, instruction, teaching', from ירה 'to teach, direct'; here the summary heading for the whole body of legislation just given.
הַזָּ֑בof the one with the dischargeart + Qal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Genitive of the construct chain (first of four summarized categories)→ Participle: substantival — the discharge-sufferer as a technical classזוב (H2100) Qal ptc, substantivized with the article; the chapter's technical term for the male flux-sufferer, first of the colophon's four summarized cases.
וַאֲשֶׁ֨רand him from whomconj וְ + rel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Coordinating conjunction + relative particle (introducing the second summarized category)אֲשֶׁר (H834) 'who, that'; introduces the relative clause defining the second colophon category, the man with seminal emission.
תֵּצֵ֥אgoes outQal impf 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: general/characteristic — the recurring bodily emissionיָצָא (H3318) Qal 'to go out, come forth'; describes the emission's issuing from the body, agreeing with the feminine שִׁכְבַת.
מִמֶּ֛נּוּfrom himprep מִן + 3ms sfx · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase (source, complement of תֵּצֵא)מִן (H4480) 'from' + suffix; the suffix form מִמֶּנּוּ is morphologically ambiguous between 3ms ('from him') and 1cp ('from us') since the two are identical — context here requires 3ms, referring to the man defined by the relative clause.
שִׁכְבַתan emission ofN f sg constr · שְׁכָבָה (H7902)Subject of תֵּצֵא (construct head)שְׁכָבָה (H7902) 'lying, emission', from שָׁכַב 'to lie down'; construct with זֶרַע forms the fixed idiom שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, 'emission of semen' (cf. vv. 16-18).
זֶ֖רַעof semenN m sg abs · זֶרַע (H2233)Genitive of the construct chain (completing שִׁכְבַת)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed, semen, offspring'; completes the idiom 'emission of semen', the second colophon category treated in vv. 16-18.
לְטָמְאָהbecoming uncleanprep לְ + Qal inf constr · טָמֵא (H2930)Adverbial infinitive construct (result/circumstance, 'so as to become unclean')→ Infinitive construct: expresses the resulting condition — becoming unclean by the emissionטָמֵא (H2930) Qal inf constr with לְ; 'to become unclean, so as to be unclean' — states the consequence attached to this category, parallel to the other cases summarized in the colophon.
בָֽהּby itprep בְּ + 3fs sfx · בְּPrepositional phrase (instrumental, complement of לְטָמְאָה)בְּ 'by, through' + 3fs suffix, referring back to שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע (feminine); 'unclean by it', i.e. by the emission.
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וְהַדָּוָה֙ בְּנִדָּתָ֔הּ וְהַזָּב֙ אֶת זוֹב֔וֹ לַזָּכָ֖ר וְלַנְּקֵבָ֑ה וּלְאִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁכַּ֖ב עִם טְמֵאָֽה

and of her who is ill with her menstrual impurity, and of anyone with a discharge, male or female, and of a man who lies with an unclean woman.

Colophon: summary heading, part twoasyndeton
Completes the fourfold summary — menstruant, any discharge-sufferer of either sex, and the man of v. 24 — closing the chapter as a single comprehensive תּוֹרָה covering every case treated.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְהַדָּוָה֙and she who is illconj וְ + art + adj f sg abs · דָּוָה (H1739)Genitive of the construct chain (third summarized category, substantival adjective)דָּוָה (H1739) fem. adjective 'sick, unwell, menstruous', cognate with a root elsewhere denoting sickness or grief; substantivized with the article, 'the unwell/menstruous one' — the chapter's term for the ordinary menstruant, distinct from the pathological זָבָה.
בְּנִדָּתָ֔הּin her menstrual impurityprep בְּ + N f sg constr + 3fs sfx · נִדָּה (H5079)Locative/circumstantial prepositional phraseנִדָּה (H5079) 'impurity, menstruation', from a root denoting exclusion/separation; the technical term for ordinary menstrual uncleanness treated in vv. 19-24.
וְהַזָּב֙and the one with a dischargeconj וְ + art + Qal ptc m sg abs · זוב (H2100)Genitive of the construct chain (fourth summarized category, substantival participle)→ Participle: substantival — the discharge-sufferer as a technical class, now covering either sexזוב (H2100) Qal ptc, substantivized; here generalized (with the following לַזָּכָר וְלַנְּקֵבָה) to cover the abnormal discharge-sufferer of either sex, summarizing both the זָב (vv. 2-15) and the זָבָה (vv. 25-30).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (marking זוֹבוֹ as object)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi; marks זוֹבוֹ as the object of the substantival participle הַזָּב, 'the one [experiencing] his discharge'.
זוֹב֔וֹhis dischargeN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · זוֹב (H2101)Direct object of the participle הַזָּבזוֹב (H2101) 'flow, discharge'; resumes the chapter's opening technical term one final time in the colophon.
לַזָּכָ֖רmaleprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · זָכָר (H2145)Prepositional phrase (specification, 'whether male')זָכָר (H2145) 'male'; specifies that the discharge-rule of הַזָּב applies without regard to sex, anticipating the parallel term for the female.
וְלַנְּקֵבָ֑הor femaleconj וְ + prep לְ + art + N f sg abs · נְקֵבָה (H5347)Coordinating conjunction + prepositional phrase (specification, 'or female')נְקֵבָה (H5347) 'female', from נקב 'to pierce, bore' (perhaps euphemistic); paired with זָכָר to make the summary's fourth category explicitly comprehensive of both sexes.
וּלְאִ֕ישׁand of a manconj וְ + prep לְ + N m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Coordinating conjunction + prepositional phrase (fifth item, genitive of the heading תּוֹרַת)אִישׁ (H376) 'man'; introduces the final summarized case, resuming the man of v. 24 who has intercourse with a menstruant.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhorel particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative particle introducing a relative clause modifying אִישׁאֲשֶׁר (H834), indeclinable relative particle 'who, that'.
יִשְׁכַּ֖בliesQal impf 3ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb of the relative clause→ Yiqtol: general/characteristic — states the case as a recurring possibilityשָׁכַב (H7901) Qal 'to lie down'; here euphemistic for sexual intercourse, resuming the case of v. 24.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Prepositional phrase (complement of יִשְׁכַּב)עִם (H5973) 'with'; marks the woman as the partner in intercourse.
טְמֵאָֽהan unclean womanadj f sg abs · טָמֵא (H2931)Object of preposition עִם (substantival adjective)טָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'; substantivized feminine adjective, 'an unclean [woman]' — closes the chapter's fourfold colophon and its recurring purity vocabulary.