1
זְכֹ֤ר יְהוָה֙ מֶֽה הָ֣יָה לָ֔נוּ הביט הַבִּ֖יטָה וּרְאֵ֥ה אֶת חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּ
Remember, O YHWH, what is come upon us: consider, and behold our reproach.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'Remember'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
זְכֹ֤רRememberQal impv 2ms · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכַר (H2142) 'Remember'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מֶֽהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
הָ֣יָהwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
לָ֔נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
הביטhe has beheldHiphil impv 2ms · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָבַט (H5027) 'he has beheld'.
הַבִּ֖יטָהfrom lookingHiphil impv 2ms + Sh · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָבַט (H5027) 'from looking'.
וּרְאֵ֥הshall examineconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'shall examine'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּa reproachN c · חֶרְפָּה (H2781)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרְפָּה (H2781) 'a reproach'.
2
נַחֲלָתֵ֨נוּ֙ נֶֽהֶפְכָ֣ה לְזָרִ֔ים בָּתֵּ֖ינוּ לְנָכְרִֽים
Our inheritance is turned to strangers, our houses to aliens.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
נַחֲלָתֵ֨נוּ֙our inheritanceN c · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Construct chain (genitival)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'our inheritance'.
נֶֽהֶפְכָ֣הhas turnedN · הָפַךְ (H2015)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
לְזָרִ֔יםan outsiderprep + Adj · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
בָּתֵּ֖ינוּour housesN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'our houses'.
לְנָכְרִֽיםforeignprep + Adj · נָכְרִי (H5237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָכְרִי (H5237) 'foreign'.
3
יְתוֹמִ֤ים הָיִ֨ינוּ֙ אין וְאֵ֣ין אָ֔ב אִמֹּתֵ֖ינוּ כְּאַלְמָנֽוֹת
We are orphans and fatherless, our mothers as widows.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'we were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יְתוֹמִ֤יםand the orphanN c · יָתוֹם (H3490)Construct chain (genitival)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'and the orphan'.
הָיִ֨ינוּ֙we wereQal perf 1cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'we were'.
איןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
אָ֔בa fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'a father'.
אִמֹּתֵ֖ינוּhis motherN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'his mother'.
כְּאַלְמָנֽוֹתa widowprep + N com f pl abs · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'a widow'.
4
מֵימֵ֨ינוּ֙ בְּכֶ֣סֶף שָׁתִ֔ינוּ עֵצֵ֖ינוּ בִּמְחִ֥יר יָבֹֽאוּ
We have drunken our water for money; our wood is sold to us.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to drink'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מֵימֵ֨ינוּ֙waterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
בְּכֶ֣סֶףfor silverprep + N com m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'for silver'.
שָׁתִ֔ינוּto drinkQal perf 1cp · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'.
עֵצֵ֖ינוּwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
בִּמְחִ֥ירor the price ofprep + N com m sg abs · מְחִיר (H4242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְחִיר (H4242) 'or the price of'.
יָבֹֽאוּshall go inQal impf 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'shall go in'.
5
עַ֤ל צַוָּארֵ֨נוּ֙ נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּ יָגַ֖עְנוּ לא וְלֹ֥א הֽוּנַ֖ח לָֽנוּ
Our necks under persecution: we labour, have no rest.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you labored'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עַ֤לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
צַוָּארֵ֨נוּ֙his neckN c · צַוָּאר (H6677)Construct chain (genitival)צַוָּאר (H6677) 'his neck'.
נִרְדָּ֔פְנוּand they pursuedN · רָדַף (H7291)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָדַף (H7291) 'and they pursued'.
יָגַ֖עְנוּyou laboredQal perf 1cp · יָגַע (H3021)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָגַע (H3021) 'you labored'.
לאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
הֽוּנַ֖חgives restHophal perf 3ms · נוּחַ (H5117)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּחַ (H5117) 'gives rest'.
לָֽנוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
6
מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ נָתַ֣נּוּ יָ֔ד אַשּׁ֖וּר לִשְׂבֹּ֥עַֽ לָֽחֶם
We have given the hand the Egyptians, the Assyrians, to be satisfied with bread.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they gave'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מִצְרַ֨יִם֙EgyptN · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'.
נָתַ֣נּוּthey gaveQal perf 1cp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'they gave'.
יָ֔דthe hand ofN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'the hand of'.
אַשּׁ֖וּרAsshurN · אַשּׁוּר (H804)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַשּׁוּר (H804) 'Asshur'.
לִשְׂבֹּ֥עַֽto the fullprep + Qal inf constr · שָׂבַע (H7646)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׂבַע (H7646) 'to the full'.
לָֽחֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
7
אֲבֹתֵ֤ינוּ חָֽטְאוּ֙ אינם וְאֵינָ֔ם אנחנו וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ עֲוֺנֹתֵיהֶ֥ם סָבָֽלְנוּ
Our fathers have sinned, not; and we have borne their iniquities.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'they sinned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אֲבֹתֵ֤ינוּour fathersN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'our fathers'.
חָֽטְאוּ֙they sinnedQal perf 3cp · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָטָא (H2398) 'they sinned'.
אינםthere is notneg. + sfx 3mp · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
וְאֵינָ֔םthere is notconj וְ + neg. + sfx 3mp · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
אנחנוwepron 1cp · אֲנַחְנוּ (H587)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנַחְנוּ (H587) 'we'.
וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּand weconj וְ + pron 1cp · אֲנַחְנוּ (H587)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנַחְנוּ (H587) 'and we'.
עֲוֺנֹתֵיהֶ֥םthe iniquity ofN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
סָבָֽלְנוּto bear burdensQal perf 1cp · סָבַל (H5445)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָבַל (H5445) 'to bear burdens'.
8
עֲבָדִים֙ מָ֣שְׁלוּ בָ֔נוּ פֹּרֵ֖ק אֵ֥ין מִיָּדָֽם
Servants have ruled over us: none that does deliver out of their hand.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'ruling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עֲבָדִים֙slavesN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'slaves'.
מָ֣שְׁלוּrulingQal perf 3cp · מָשַׁל (H4910)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
בָ֔נוּagainst usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against us'.
פֹּרֵ֖קthen you will break offQal ptc ms · פָּרַק (H6561)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּרַק (H6561) 'then you will break off'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מִיָּדָֽםfrom their handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'from their hand'.
9
בְּנַפְשֵׁ֨נוּ֙ נָבִ֣יא לַחְמֵ֔נוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י חֶ֥רֶב הַמִּדְבָּֽר
We gat our bread with our lives because of the sword of the wilderness.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
בְּנַפְשֵׁ֨נוּ֙my soulprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cp · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
נָבִ֣יאand they cameHiphil impf 1cp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
לַחְמֵ֔נוּour breadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'our bread'.
מִפְּנֵ֖יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
חֶ֥רֶבthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
הַמִּדְבָּֽרthe wildernessart + N com m sg abs · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'the wilderness'.
10
עוֹרֵ֨נוּ֙ כְּתַנּ֣וּר נִכְמָ֔רוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י זַלְעֲפ֥וֹת רָעָֽב
Our skin was black like an oven because of the terrible famine.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עוֹרֵ֨נוּ֙skin ofN c · עוֹר (H5785)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹר (H5785) 'skin of'.
כְּתַנּ֣וּרan ovenprep + N com m sg abs · תַּנּוּר (H8574)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּנּוּר (H8574) 'an oven'.
נִכְמָ֔רוּwere stirred / yearnedN · כָּמַר (H3648)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּמַר (H3648) 'were stirred / yearned'.
מִפְּנֵ֖יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
זַלְעֲפ֥וֹתhorribleN c · זַלְעָפָה (H2152)Construct chain (genitival)זַלְעָפָה (H2152) 'horrible'.
רָעָֽבfamineN c · רָעָב (H7458)Construct chain (genitival)רָעָב (H7458) 'famine'.
11
נָשִׁים֙ בְּצִיּ֣וֹן עִנּ֔וּ בְּתֻלֹ֖ת בְּעָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה
They ravished the women in Zion, the maids in the cities of Judah.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and you shall afflict'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
נָשִׁים֙wivesN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'wives'.
בְּצִיּ֣וֹןZionprep + N proper · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
עִנּ֔וּand you shall afflictPiel perf 3cp · עָנָה (H6031)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָנָה (H6031) 'and you shall afflict'.
בְּתֻלֹ֖תa virginN c · בְּתוּלָה (H1330)Construct chain (genitival)בְּתוּלָה (H1330) 'a virgin'.
בְּעָרֵ֥יin the cities ofprep + N com f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'in the cities of'.
יְהוּדָֽהJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
12
שָׂרִים֙ בְּיָדָ֣ם נִתְל֔וּ פְּנֵ֥י זְקֵנִ֖ים לֹ֥א נֶהְדָּֽרוּ
Princes are hanged up by their hand: the faces of elders were not honoured.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
שָׂרִים֙princesN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'princes'.
בְּיָדָ֣םin their handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3mp · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'in their hand'.
נִתְל֔וּhe hangedN · תָּלָה (H8518)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּלָה (H8518) 'he hanged'.
פְּנֵ֥יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
זְקֵנִ֖יםoldAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'old'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נֶהְדָּֽרוּyou shall favorN · הָדַר (H1921)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָדַר (H1921) 'you shall favor'.
13
בַּחוּרִים֙ טְח֣וֹן נָשָׂ֔אוּ וּנְעָרִ֖ים בָּעֵ֥ץ כָּשָֽׁלוּ
They took the young men to grind, and the children fell under the wood.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'lifted him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
בַּחוּרִים֙young manN c · בָּחוּר (H970)Construct chain (genitival)בָּחוּר (H970) 'young man'.
טְח֣וֹןto grindN c · טְחוֹן (H2911)Construct chain (genitival)טְחוֹן (H2911) 'to grind'.
נָשָׂ֔אוּlifted himQal perf 3cp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifted him'.
וּנְעָרִ֖יםthe boyconj וְ + N com m pl abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
בָּעֵ֥ץon the treeprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'on the tree'.
כָּשָֽׁלוּand they shall stumbleQal perf 3cp · כָּשַׁל (H3782)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּשַׁל (H3782) 'and they shall stumble'.
14
זְקֵנִים֙ מִשַּׁ֣עַר שָׁבָ֔תוּ בַּחוּרִ֖ים מִנְּגִינָתָֽם
The elders have ceased from the gate, the young men from their musick.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you shall rest'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
זְקֵנִים֙oldAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'old'.
מִשַּׁ֣עַרthe gate ofprep + N com m sg abs · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate of'.
שָׁבָ֔תוּyou shall restQal perf 3cp · שָׁבַת (H7673)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַת (H7673) 'you shall rest'.
בַּחוּרִ֖יםyoung manN c · בָּחוּר (H970)Construct chain (genitival)בָּחוּר (H970) 'young man'.
מִנְּגִינָתָֽםandprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3mp · נְגִינָה (H5058)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְגִינָה (H5058) 'and'.
15
שָׁבַת֙ מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ לִבֵּ֔נוּ נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ לְאֵ֖בֶל מְחֹלֵֽנוּ
The joy of our heart is ceased; our dance is turned into mourning.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he rested'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
שָׁבַת֙he restedQal perf 3ms · שָׁבַת (H7673)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַת (H7673) 'he rested'.
מְשׂ֣וֹשׂjoyN c · מָשׂוֹשׂ (H4885)Construct chain (genitival)מָשׂוֹשׂ (H4885) 'joy'.
לִבֵּ֔נוּhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
נֶהְפַּ֥ךְhas turnedN · הָפַךְ (H2015)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָפַךְ (H2015) 'has turned'.
לְאֵ֖בֶלmourningprep + N com m sg abs · אֵבֶל (H60)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵבֶל (H60) 'mourning'.
מְחֹלֵֽנוּinN c · מָחוֹל (H4234)Construct chain (genitival)מָחוֹל (H4234) 'in'.
16
נָֽפְלָה֙ עֲטֶ֣רֶת רֹאשֵׁ֔נוּ אֽוֹי נָ֥א לָ֖נוּ כִּ֥י חָטָֽאנוּ
The crown is fallen our head: woe to us, that we have sinned!
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'fell'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
נָֽפְלָה֙fellQal perf 3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַל (H5307) 'fell'.
עֲטֶ֣רֶתthe crown ofN c · עֲטָרָה (H5850)Construct chain (genitival)עֲטָרָה (H5850) 'the crown of'.
רֹאשֵׁ֔נוּthe head ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
אֽוֹיwoeparticle · אוֹי (H188)Particle or relational elementאוֹי (H188) 'woe'.
נָ֥אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
לָ֖נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
חָטָֽאנוּwe have sinnedQal perf 1cp · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָטָא (H2398) 'we have sinned'.
17
עַל זֶ֗ה הָיָ֤ה דָוֶה֙ לִבֵּ֔נוּ עַל אֵ֖לֶּה חָשְׁכ֥וּ עֵינֵֽינוּ
For this our heart is faint; for these our eyes are dim.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
זֶ֗הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
הָיָ֤הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
דָוֶה֙in menstrual impurityAdj · דָּוָה (H1739)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוָה (H1739) 'in menstrual impurity'.
לִבֵּ֔נוּhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אֵ֖לֶּהthesedem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
חָשְׁכ֥וּand...was darkenedQal perf 3cp · חָשַׁךְ (H2821)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָשַׁךְ (H2821) 'and...was darkened'.
עֵינֵֽינוּour eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'our eyes'.
18
עַ֤ל הַר צִיּוֹן֙ שֶׁשָּׁמֵ֔ם שׁוּעָלִ֖ים הִלְּכוּ בֽוֹ
Because of the mountain of Zion, which is desolate, the foxes walk upon it.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and I will desolate'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עַ֤לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַרMountN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'Mount'.
צִיּוֹן֙ZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
שֶׁשָּׁמֵ֔םand I will desolaterel. שֶׁ + Qal perf 3ms · שָׁמֵם (H8074)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמֵם (H8074) 'and I will desolate'.
שׁוּעָלִ֖יםfoxN c · שׁוּעָל (H7776)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוּעָל (H7776) 'fox'.
הִלְּכוּwalkedPiel perf 3cp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'walked'.
בֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
19
אַתָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְעוֹלָ֣ם תֵּשֵׁ֔ב כִּסְאֲךָ֖ לְדֹ֥ר וָדֽוֹר
You, O YHWH, remainest for ever; your throne from generation to generation.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'she shall remain'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אַתָּ֤הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לְעוֹלָ֣םforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
תֵּשֵׁ֔בshe shall remainQal impf 2ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁב (H3427) 'she shall remain'.
כִּסְאֲךָ֖the throneN c · כִּסֵּא (H3678)Construct chain (genitival)כִּסֵּא (H3678) 'the throne'.
לְדֹ֥רto generationprep + N com m sg abs · דּוֹר (H1755)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דּוֹר (H1755) 'to generation'.
וָדֽוֹרand generationconj וְ + N com m sg abs · דּוֹר (H1755)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דּוֹר (H1755) 'and generation'.
20
לָ֤מָּה לָנֶ֨צַח֙ תִּשְׁכָּחֵ֔נוּ תַּֽעַזְבֵ֖נוּ לְאֹ֥רֶךְ יָמִֽים
Wherefore dost you forget us for ever, forsake us so long time?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you forget'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לָ֤מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
לָנֶ֨צַח֙alwayprep + N com m sg abs · נֶצַח (H5331)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
תִּשְׁכָּחֵ֔נוּyou forgetQal impf 2ms + sfx 1cp · שָׁכַח (H7911)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁכַח (H7911) 'you forget'.
תַּֽעַזְבֵ֖נוּyou shall forsake himQal impf 2ms + sfx 1cp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָזַב (H5800) 'you shall forsake him'.
לְאֹ֥רֶךְthe length ofprep + N com m sg constr · אֹרֶךְ (H753)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹרֶךְ (H753) 'the length of'.
יָמִֽיםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
21
הֲשִׁיבֵ֨נוּ יְהוָ֤ה אֵלֶ֨יךָ֙ ונשוב וְֽנָשׁ֔וּבָה חַדֵּ֥שׁ יָמֵ֖ינוּ כְּקֶֽדֶם
Turn you us to you, O YHWH, and we shall be turned; renew our days as of old.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'we brought back'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֲשִׁיבֵ֨נוּwe brought backHiphil impv 2ms + sfx 1cp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשׁוּב (H7725) 'we brought back'.
יְהוָ֤הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֵלֶ֨יךָ֙to youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
ונשובand he returnedconj וְ + Qal impf 1cp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
וְֽנָשׁ֔וּבָהand we will returnconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and we will return'.
חַדֵּ֥שׁandPiel impv 2ms · חָדַשׁ (H2318)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָדַשׁ (H2318) 'and'.
יָמֵ֖ינוּtodayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
כְּקֶֽדֶםeastwardprep + N com m sg abs · קֶדֶם (H6924)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶדֶם (H6924) 'eastward'.
22
כִּ֚י אִם מָאֹ֣ס מְאַסְתָּ֔נוּ קָצַ֥פְתָּ עָלֵ֖ינוּ עַד מְאֹֽד
But you have utterly rejected us; you are very wroth against us.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'despise'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
כִּ֚יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
מָאֹ֣סdespiseQal inf abs · מָאַס (H3988)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionמָאַס (H3988) 'despise'.
מְאַסְתָּ֔נוּdespiseQal perf 2ms + sfx 1cp · מָאַס (H3988)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָאַס (H3988) 'despise'.
קָצַ֥פְתָּand he was angryQal perf 2ms · קָצַף (H7107)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָצַף (H7107) 'and he was angry'.
עָלֵ֖ינוּupon usprep + sfx 1cp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon us'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.