1
וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ זָקֵ֔ן בָּ֖א בַּיָּמִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלָ֗יו אַתָּ֤ה זָקַ֨נְתָּה֙ בָּ֣אתָ בַיָּמִ֔ים וְהָאָ֛רֶץ נִשְׁאֲרָ֥ה הַרְבֵּֽה מְאֹ֖ד לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ
Now Joshua was old, advanced in years, and YHWH said to him: You are old, advanced in years, and very much of the land remains to be possessed.
The chapter opens by echoing 11:23's summary of a completed conquest, only to reverse it: Joshua's old age triggers not retirement but a divine audit of unfinished land. The doubled idiom ('old, advanced in years') frames the tension between the leader's mortality and the land's incompleteness that structures the whole chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַand Joshuaconj וְ + N proper · יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (H3091)Subject (fronted, resumptive)יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (H3091) 'YHWH is salvation'; subject fronted before the verb, marking a new narrative unit after 11:23's conquest summary.
זָקֵ֔ןwas oldQal perf 3ms · זָקֵן (H2204)Predicate verb (main clause, stative)→ Perfective: a settled state — Joshua is now oldזָקֵן (H2204) 'to be old, aged'; the same word that opens Joshua's farewell commission at 23:1.
בָּ֖אhad advancedQal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb, second clause of asyndetic pair→ Perfective: completed state — paired with זָקֵן in the fixed idiomבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; idiomatic with בַּיָּמִים 'advanced in years' (cf. Gen 24:1), and echoed of the whole nation at 23:1.
בַּיָּמִ֑יםin yearsprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial complement of בָּא (idiom 'advanced in days')יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; plural 'days/years', fixed idiom for advanced age.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand saidconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (introduces divine speech)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; standard verb introducing direct divine speech.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיֹּאמֶריְהוָה (H3068), Israel's covenant God; speaker throughout vv.1-7, echoing the commissioning speech of 1:1-9.
אֵלָ֗יוto himprep + Sp3ms · אֶל (H413)Indirect object (recipient of speech)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; with 3ms suffix, 'to him' (Joshua).
אַתָּ֤הyouindependent pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Independent subject pronoun, emphaticאַתָּה (H859) 2ms pronoun; emphatic — YHWH addresses Joshua directly with the same diagnosis the narrator just gave.
זָקַ֨נְתָּה֙you are oldQal perf 2ms · זָקֵן (H2204)Predicate verb (direct divine speech, main clause)→ Perfective: stative — a plain fact YHWH states without rebukeזָקֵן (H2204), 2ms; repeats v.1a's diagnosis, now as YHWH's own assessment to Joshua.
בָּ֣אתָyou have advancedQal perf 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb, second clause of the pair→ Perfective: completed stateבּוֹא (H935), 2ms; completes the repeated idiom, now in YHWH's own voice.
בַיָּמִ֔יםin yearsprep בְּ + N m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial complement of בָּאתָיוֹם (H3117); here without the article, a minor orthographic variant of v.1's idiom.
וְהָאָ֛רֶץand the landconj וְ + art + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Subject, contrastive (introduces the chapter's central tension)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land, earth'; subject of the chapter's pivotal admission — land still unpossessed, set against Joshua's advancing age.
נִשְׁאֲרָ֥הremainsNiphal perf 3fs · שָׁאַר (H7604)Predicate verb (main clause, stative-passive)→ Perfective (stative): an ongoing state of remaining, not a single completed eventשָׁאַר (H7604) 'to remain, be left over'; Niphal states the land's unconquered condition as a given fact — root behind Israel's later 'remnant' (שְׁאָר).
הַרְבֵּֽהvery muchHiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Adverbial infinitive absolute intensifying מְאֹד→ Infinitive absolute used adverbially: emphatic intensification, not finite predicationרָבָה (H7235) 'to be much, many'; the infinitive absolute doubles with מְאֹד for maximal emphasis — the land's incompleteness is not minor.
מְאֹ֖דexceedinglyadverb · מְאֹד (H3966)Adverbial intensifier (paired with הַרְבֵּה)מְאֹד (H3966) 'very, exceedingly'; stacked with the preceding infinitive absolute for rhetorical weight.
לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּto possess itprep לְ + Qal inf constr + Sp3fs · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Purpose infinitive clause (goal implied by the land's remaining status)→ Infinitive construct of purpose — the land remains still to be takenיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess, take possession of, dispossess'; the chapter's key verb, used both of Israel possessing land (here) and of YHWH dispossessing nations (v.6).
2
זֹ֥את הָאָ֖רֶץ הַנִּשְׁאָ֑רֶת כָּל גְּלִיל֥וֹת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וְכָל הַגְּשׁוּרִֽי
This is the land that remains: all the regions of the Philistines, and all the Geshurite territory,
Verse 2 begins the itemized inventory that unpacks v.1's general admission, moving south-to-north from Philistia to the Geshurite enclave; the list runs through v.6.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
זֹ֥אתThisdemonstrative pron fs · זֹאת (H2063)Subject / resumptive demonstrativeזֹאת (H2063) fs demonstrative 'this'; opens the catalogue of unpossessed land, resuming v.1's נִשְׁאֲרָה.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Subject (in apposition with זֹאת)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; the subject continued from v.1's unpossessed land.
הַנִּשְׁאָ֑רֶתthat remainsart + Niphal ptc fs · שָׁאַר (H7604)Attributive participle modifying הָאָרֶץ→ Participle: an ongoing, still-current state of remaining unpossessedשָׁאַר (H7604) 'to remain, be left'; the participle names the land's abiding, unresolved status, echoing נִשְׁאֲרָה of v.1.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head of the following listכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; construct governing the list of regions that follows.
גְּלִיל֥וֹתthe regions ofN f pl constr · גָּלִיל (H1552)Genitive complement of כָּל (construct chain)גָּלִיל (H1552) 'circuit, region, district'; here of the five Philistine city-territories (cf. גְּלִילוֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּים).
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe Philistinesart + gentilic N m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Genitive complement (whose regions)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'Philistine'; the five-city confederation of the coastal plain, detailed by lord and city in v.3.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; coordinated with the preceding item, adding Geshurite territory to the list.
הַגְּשׁוּרִֽיthe Geshuriteart + gentilic N m sg abs · גְּשׁוּרִי (H1651)Genitive complement (second item of the list)גְּשׁוּרִי (H1651) 'Geshurite', from גְּשׁוּר, a small Aramean-adjacent kingdom east of the Sea of Galilee (cf. vv.11,13; also home of David's wife Maacah, 2 Sam 3:3).
3
מִֽן הַשִּׁיח֞וֹר אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל פְּנֵ֣י מִצְרַ֗יִם וְעַ֨ד גְּב֤וּל עֶקְרוֹן֙ צָפ֔וֹנָה לַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י תֵּחָשֵׁ֑ב חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת סַרְנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים הָעַזָּתִ֤י וְהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִי֙ הָאֶשְׁקְלוֹנִ֣י הַגִּתִּ֔י וְהָעֶקְרוֹנִ֖י וְהָעַוִּֽים
from the Shihor which is east of Egypt as far as the border of Ekron northward — it is reckoned to the Canaanite; the five lords of the Philistines: the Gazite, the Ashdodite, the Ashkelonite, the Gittite, and the Ekronite; and the Avvim,
Specifies the Philistines' five-lord confederation by name and the northern anomaly that the Avvim, though outside it, remain reckoned to 'the Canaanite' — geography still unresolved even in its naming.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
מִֽןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase, marking the boundary's starting pointמִן (H4480) 'from'; opens the Philistine-border description.
הַשִּׁיח֞וֹרthe Shihorart + N proper · שִׁיחוֹר (H7883)Object of מִן (boundary point)שִׁיחוֹר (H7883) 'Shihor', a Nile-branch or wadi near Egypt's border, marking the southern limit of Philistine/Canaanite territory (cf. Isa 23:3; 1 Chr 13:5).
אֲשֶׁ֣רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker, introducing the location of Shihorאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle 'who/which/that', introducing the clause locating the Shihor east of Egypt.
עַלeast ofprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase within relative clauseעַל (H5921) 'upon, by, before'; here idiomatic 'facing/east of' with פְּנֵי.
פְּנֵ֣יthe face ofN (c) pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct complement of עַל (idiom 'facing')פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; construct עַל־פְּנֵי idiom 'in front of, facing, east of'.
מִצְרַ֗יִםEgyptN proper · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Genitive complement (whose face/front)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'; the Shihor marks the traditional southwestern border between Egypt and Canaan.
וְעַ֨דand as far asconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Coordinating prepositional phrase (second boundary point)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, until'; marks the terminus of a boundary line.
גְּב֤וּלthe border ofN m sg constr · גְּבוּל (H1366)Object of עַד (construct chain)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'; marks a boundary point in the allotment description.
עֶקְרוֹן֙EkronN proper · עֶקְרוֹן (H6138)Genitive complement (whose border)עֶקְרוֹן (H6138) 'Ekron', northernmost of the five Philistine cities, near the Judah-Philistia border (cf. 15:11,45-46).
צָפ֔וֹנָהnorthwardN f sg abs + directional ה · צָפוֹן (H6828)Adverbial accusative of directionצָפוֹן (H6828) 'north'; with the directional ה-suffix, 'northward' — the general orientation of Ekron's border relative to the Shihor.
לַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖יto the Canaaniteprep לְ + art + gentilic N m sg abs · כְּנַעֲנִי (H3669)Indirect object of תֵּחָשֵׁב (reference of the passive reckoning)כְּנַעֲנִי (H3669) 'Canaanite'; the whole Philistine-Avvite coastal strip is nonetheless classed as 'Canaanite' territory in Israel's land ideal.
תֵּחָשֵׁ֑בis reckonedNiphal impf 3fs · חָשַׁב (H2803)Predicate verb (passive, main clause)→ Imperfective (passive): a standing classification, not a single eventחָשַׁב (H2803) 'to think, reckon, account'; Niphal passive 'is reckoned/counted' — classifying the land as Canaanite regardless of who currently holds it.
חֲמֵ֣שֶׁתthe fivenumeral m sg constr · חָמֵשׁ (H2568)Construct head introducing the Philistine lordsחָמֵשׁ (H2568) 'five'; construct governing סַרְנֵי, introducing the Philistine pentapolis.
סַרְנֵ֣יthe lords ofN m pl constr · סֶרֶן (H5633)Genitive complement of חֲמֵשֶׁתסֶרֶן (H5633) 'lord, axis-ruler'; a distinctively Philistine title (perhaps cognate with Aegean 'tyrannos') for each of the five city-rulers.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֗יםof the Philistinesgentilic N m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Genitive complement (whose lords)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'Philistine'; the confederation itemized by its five lords in the list that follows.
הָעַזָּתִ֤יthe Gaziteart + gentilic N m sg abs · עַזָּתִי (H5841)Apposition, first of the five lordsעַזָּתִי (H5841) 'of Gaza'; Gaza was the southernmost of the five Philistine cities, on the coastal highway to Egypt.
וְהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִי֙and the Ashdoditeconj וְ + art + gentilic N m sg abs · אַשְׁדּוֹדִי (H796)Apposition, second of the five lordsאַשְׁדּוֹדִי (H796) 'of Ashdod'; Ashdod later housed the temple of Dagon (1 Sam 5).
הָאֶשְׁקְלוֹנִ֣יthe Ashkeloniteart + gentilic N m sg abs · אֶשְׁקְלוֹנִי (H832)Apposition, third of the five lordsאֶשְׁקְלוֹנִי (H832) 'of Ashkelon'; a major coastal port city of the pentapolis.
הַגִּתִּ֔יthe Gittiteart + gentilic N m sg abs · גִּתִּי (H1663)Apposition, fourth of the five lordsגִּתִּי (H1663) 'of Gath'; Gath, later home of Goliath (1 Sam 17:4), the easternmost inland city of the five.
וְהָעֶקְרוֹנִ֖יand the Ekroniteconj וְ + art + gentilic N m sg abs · עֶקְרוֹנִי (H6139)Apposition, fifth of the five lordsעֶקְרוֹנִי (H6139) 'of Ekron'; the northernmost city, named as the border landmark earlier in this verse.
וְהָעַוִּֽיםand the Avvimconj וְ + art + N proper (gentilic) · עַוִּים (H5757)Coordinate subject, appended beyond the five-lord listעַוִּים (H5757) 'Avvim', a pre-Philistine population displaced by the Caphtorim (Deut 2:23); their inclusion here, outside the formal five-city count, flags an older, less-defined ethnic layer.
4
מִתֵּימָ֞ן כָּל אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗י וּמְעָרָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַצִּידֹנִ֖ים עַד אֲפֵ֑קָה עַ֖ד גְּב֥וּל הָאֱמֹרִֽי
from the south, all the land of the Canaanite, and Mearah which belongs to the Sidonians, as far as Aphek, to the border of the Amorite;
Continues the catalogue northward along the coast to Sidonian and Amorite borderlands.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
מִתֵּימָ֞ןfrom the southprep מִן + N f sg abs · תֵּימָן (H8486)Adverbial phrase, orienting the next boundary sectionתֵּימָן (H8486) 'south, Teman'; here adverbial 'from the south,' resuming the geographic sweep after the Philistine list.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; construct governing אֶרֶץ הַכְּנַעֲנִי.
אֶ֣רֶץthe land ofN (c) sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive complement of כָּלאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; construct 'land of the Canaanite.'
הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֗יthe Canaaniteart + gentilic N m sg abs · כְּנַעֲנִי (H3669)Genitive complementכְּנַעֲנִי (H3669) 'Canaanite'; here denoting the Phoenician coastal population north of Philistia.
וּמְעָרָ֛הand Mearahconj וְ + N proper · מְעָרָה (H4632)Coordinate item in the listמְעָרָה (H4632) 'cave'; a place near Sidon, otherwise unidentified — possibly a cave-sanctuary rather than a city proper.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing Mearah's Sidonian affiliation.
לַצִּידֹנִ֖יםbelongs to the Sidoniansprep לְ + art + gentilic N m pl abs · צִידֹנִי (H6722)Predicate of the relative clause (possession)צִידֹנִי (H6722) 'Sidonian'; Sidon was the leading Phoenician city, whose sphere reached this far south.
עַדas far asprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (boundary point)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, until'.
אֲפֵ֑קָהAphekN proper + directional ה · אֲפֵק (H663)Object of עַדאֲפֵק (H663) 'Aphek'; likely Aphek in the Lebanese Beqaa (Afqa), distinct from the Sharon-plain Aphek.
עַ֖דtoprep · עַד (H5704)Coordinating prepositional phrase (further boundary point)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, to'; repeated for a second boundary marker.
גְּב֥וּלthe border ofN m sg constr · גְּבוּל (H1366)Object of עַד (construct chain)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'.
הָאֱמֹרִֽיthe Amoriteart + gentilic N m sg abs · אֱמֹרִי (H567)Genitive complementאֱמֹרִי (H567) 'Amorite'; here the Amorite sphere abutting Phoenicia, distinct from the Transjordan Amorite kingdoms of vv.9ff.
5
וְהָאָ֣רֶץ הַגִּבְלִ֗י וְכָל הַלְּבָנוֹן֙ מִזְרַ֣ח הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ מִבַּ֣עַל גָּ֔ד תַּ֖חַת הַר חֶרְמ֑וֹן עַ֖ד לְב֥וֹא חֲמָֽת
and the land of the Gebalite, and all the Lebanon toward the sunrise, from Baal-gad below Mount Hermon, to the entrance of Hamath;
Completes the northern sweep of unpossessed land, reaching from Baal-gad below Hermon to Lebo-hamath — the chapter's northernmost horizon.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהָאָ֣רֶץand the landconj וְ + art + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Coordinate subject, continuing the catalogueאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; introduces the Gebalite territory as the next item.
הַגִּבְלִ֗יof the Gebaliteart + gentilic N m sg abs · גִּבְלִי (H1382)Genitive/appositional modifier of הָאָרֶץגִּבְלִי (H1382) 'of Gebal (Byblos)'; the Phoenician city north of Sidon, famed later for its master builders (cf. 1 Kgs 5:18).
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the Lebanon' as the next item.
הַלְּבָנוֹן֙the Lebanonart + N proper · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Genitive complement of כָּללְבָנוֹן (H3844) 'Lebanon', from לָבָן 'white' (its snow-capped peaks); the range forming Canaan's far-northern horizon.
מִזְרַ֣חthe rising ofN m sg constr · מִזְרָח (H4217)Construct head (adverbial, direction)מִזְרָח (H4217) 'sunrise, east', from זָרַח 'to rise'; construct 'toward the sunrise'.
הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁof the sunart + N (c) sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Genitive complement (idiom 'eastward')שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'sun'; construct מִזְרַח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, 'sunrise', a standard idiom for 'eastward'.
מִבַּ֣עַלfrom Baal-prep מִן + N proper (part 1 of compound) · בַּעַל (H1171)Prepositional phrase (starting point of the line)בַּעַל (H1171) 'lord, master', here the first element of the place-name בַּעַל גָּד, 'Baal-gad,' a Canaanite cult site at Hermon's foot.
גָּ֔ד-gadN proper (part 2 of compound) · גָּד (H1171)Second element of the place-name Baal-gadגָּד (H1171) here completing בַּעַל גָּד 'Baal-gad' (probably 'Lord of Fortune'), not the tribal name Gad.
תַּ֖חַתbelowprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Prepositional phrase locating Baal-gadתַּחַת (H8478) 'under, below'; locates Baal-gad at Hermon's base.
הַרMountN m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Construct head (place-name)הַר (H2022) 'mountain'; construct 'Mount Hermon.'
חֶרְמ֑וֹןHermonN proper · חֶרְמוֹן (H2768)Genitive complementחֶרְמוֹן (H2768) 'Hermon', the massif marking the northeastern limit of the land, sacred in Canaanite religion.
עַ֖דtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (final boundary point)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, to'.
לְב֥וֹאthe entrance ofprep לְ + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitival construct forming a place-name idiom (object of עַד)→ Infinitive construct used substantivally: 'entrance/approach to' — a geographic termבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; the phrase לְבוֹא חֲמָת, 'Lebo-hamath', names the traditional northern limit of the promised land (cf. Num 34:8).
חֲמָֽתHamathN proper · חֲמָת (H2574)Genitive complement (object of לְבוֹא)חֲמָת (H2574) 'Hamath', a major Aramean city on the Orontes in Syria, marking the far-northern horizon of the ideal land.
6
כָּל יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָ֠הָר מִֽן הַלְּבָנ֞וֹן עַד מִשְׂרְפֹ֥ת מַ֨יִם֙ כָּל צִ֣ידֹנִ֔ים אָֽנֹכִי֙ אוֹרִישֵׁ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רַ֠ק הַפִּלֶ֤הָ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּֽנַחֲלָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוִּיתִֽיךָ
all the inhabitants of the hill country from the Lebanon to Misrephoth-maim, all the Sidonians — I myself will dispossess them from before the sons of Israel; only allot it to Israel as an inheritance, as I have commanded you.
YHWH's own voice returns (echoing v.1's אָמַר) with the emphatic first-person pledge אָנֹכִי אוֹרִישֵׁם, 'I myself will dispossess them' — shifting responsibility for the remaining land from Israel's conquest to YHWH's future action, while the immediate imperative is simply to allot it.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct head introducing the subject listכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the inhabitants' as subject of YHWH's pledge.
יֹשְׁבֵ֣יthe inhabitants ofQal ptc m pl constr · יָשַׁב (H3427)Substantival participle, genitive complement of כָּל (subject)→ Participle: those characteristically dwelling/inhabiting — a durative stateיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell'; participle 'inhabitants,' the peoples YHWH pledges to dispossess.
הָ֠הָרthe hill countryart + N m sg abs · הַר (H2022)Genitive complement (whose inhabitants)הַר (H2022) 'mountain, hill country'; the northern highland zone from Lebanon to Sidon.
מִֽןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Prepositional phrase (starting boundary)מִן (H4480) 'from'.
הַלְּבָנ֞וֹןthe Lebanonart + N proper · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Object of מִןלְבָנוֹן (H3844) 'Lebanon'; repeats the northern range named in v.5.
עַדtoprep · עַד (H5704)Coordinating prepositional phraseעַד (H5704) 'as far as, to'.
מִשְׂרְפֹ֥תMisrephoth-N proper (construct, part 1 of compound) · מִשְׂרְפוֹת (H4956)Construct head (place-name, part 1)מִשְׂרְפוֹת מַיִם (H4956) 'burning(s) of water,' a coastal site (perhaps glass- or lime-works) near the Ladder of Tyre, marking the Sidonian coast's southern reach.
מַ֨יִם֙-maimN (part 2 of compound place-name) · מַיִם (H4956)Second element of the place-name Misrephoth-maimמַיִם 'waters'; completes מִשְׂרְפוֹת מַיִם, likely named for its shoreline or springs.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the Sidonians' as a further object of dispossession.
צִ֣ידֹנִ֔יםthe Sidoniansgentilic N m pl abs · צִידֹנִי (H6722)Genitive complement of כָּלצִידֹנִי (H6722) 'Sidonian'; the Phoenician population named as YHWH's own target for dispossession.
אָֽנֹכִי֙I myselfindependent pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Emphatic independent subject pronoun (fronted before the verb)אָנֹכִי (H595) 1cs pronoun; fronted for emphasis — YHWH personally takes responsibility for what Israel has not yet accomplished.
אוֹרִישֵׁ֔םI will dispossess themHiphil impf 1cs + Sp3mp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Predicate verb (main clause, divine first-person pledge)→ Yiqtol: imperfective/modal — a future, resolved act YHWH commits toיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess, dispossess'; Hiphil causative 'cause to be dispossessed' — the chapter's key verb now attributed to YHWH's own future action rather than Israel's past conquest.
מִפְּנֵ֖יfrom beforeprep מִן + N (c) pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Prepositional phrase (agent/beneficiary)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; construct מִפְּנֵי idiom 'from before, on account of'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complement (construct chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct 'sons of Israel,' the standard national designation.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'; the nation on whose behalf YHWH pledges to act.
רַ֠קonlyrestrictive particle · רַק (H7535)Restrictive adverb, introducing the imperativeרַק (H7535) 'only, surely'; restricts Joshua's task to allotment, since dispossession itself is YHWH's own promise (cf. v.14's רַק).
הַפִּלֶ֤הָallot itHiphil impv 2ms + Sp3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: a direct command to Joshuaנָפַל (H5307) 'to fall'; Hiphil 'cause to fall' — idiomatic for allotting land by lot (casting it so it 'falls' to a tribe); the feminine suffix refers back to הָאָרֶץ.
לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙to Israelprep לְ + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Indirect object (recipient of the allotment)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'; recipient of the land-lot.
בְּֽנַחֲלָ֔הas an inheritanceprep בְּ + N f sg abs · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Adverbial complement of manner/resultנַחֲלָה (H5159) 'inheritance, allotted possession'; the chapter's key term for tribal land as a divinely granted portion.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רasprep כְּ + relative · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative conjunction, introducing the command clauseאֲשֶׁר (H834) with כְּ, 'just as'; introduces the comparison to YHWH's prior command.
צִוִּיתִֽיךָI have commanded youPiel perf 1cs + Sp2ms · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb (subordinate clause, closes the main line)→ Perfective: a completed, prior act of command, now being recalledצָוָה (H6680) 'to command'; Piel, 1cs with 2ms suffix — grounds the allotment order in a command already given (cf. Deut 3, Josh 1:3).
7
וְעַתָּ֗ה חַלֵּ֞ק אֶת הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את בְּנַחֲלָ֖ה לְתִשְׁעַ֣ת הַשְּׁבָטִ֑ים וַחֲצִ֖י הַשֵּׁ֥בֶט הַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁה
So now, divide this land as an inheritance to the nine tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh.
עַתָּה marks the pivot from the land-inventory (vv.2-6) to the actual division; the command to Joshua sets up the Transjordan review of vv.8-13 before the Cisjordan allotments of ch.14 onward.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְעַתָּ֗הand nowconj וְ + adverb · עַתָּה (H6258)Discourse marker, transition to commandעַתָּה (H6258) 'now'; marks the pivot from land-inventory to the actual division, echoing the same transition word elsewhere in Joshua's commissioning speeches.
חַלֵּ֞קdividePiel impv 2ms · חָלַק (H2505)Predicate verb (imperative, main clause)→ Volitional: a direct command to Joshuaחָלַק (H2505) 'to divide, apportion'; Piel intensive, the chapter's operative verb for the tribal land-division that follows in chs.14-19.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking a definite direct object; untranslated in English.
הָאָ֧רֶץthe landart + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct objectאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; direct object of חַלֵּק.
הַזֹּ֛אתthisart + demonstrative pron fs · זֹאת (H2063)Attributive demonstrative modifying הָאָרֶץזֹאת (H2063) fs demonstrative 'this'; specifies the land just inventoried in vv.2-6.
בְּנַחֲלָ֖הas an inheritanceprep בְּ + N f sg abs · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Adverbial complement of mannerנַחֲלָה (H5159) 'inheritance, allotted possession'.
לְתִשְׁעַ֣תto the nine ofprep לְ + numeral f sg constr · תֵּשַׁע (H8672)Indirect object (recipients of the division)תֵּשַׁע (H8672) 'nine'; construct governing הַשְּׁבָטִים, the tribes remaining after Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh's prior Transjordan grant.
הַשְּׁבָטִ֑יםthe tribesart + N m pl abs · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Genitive complement of תִּשְׁעַתשֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'staff, tribe'; the nine tribes yet to receive land west of the Jordan.
וַחֲצִ֖יand halfconj וְ + N m sg constr · חֲצִי (H2677)Coordinate indirect objectחֲצִי (H2677) 'half'; construct, coordinated with the nine tribes as a further recipient.
הַשֵּׁ֥בֶטthe tribe ofart + N m sg abs · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Genitive complement of חֲצִישֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'; here specifically the portion of Manasseh not already settled in Transjordan.
הַֽמְנַשֶּֽׁהof Manassehart + N proper · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Apposition/genitive complement (identifying the tribe)מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519) 'Manasseh', Joseph's firstborn son; here designating the western half-tribe, complementing the Transjordan half already granted (v.8).
8
עִמּ֗וֹ הָרֽאוּבֵנִי֙ וְהַגָּדִ֔י לָקְח֖וּ נַחֲלָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם מֹשֶׁ֗ה בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִזְרָ֔חָה כַּאֲשֶׁר֙ נָתַ֣ן לָהֶ֔ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה
With it, the Reubenite and the Gadite received their inheritance, which Moses gave them, across the Jordan eastward, as Moses the servant of YHWH gave them.
Backs up to summarize what Reuben and Gad (with half-Manasseh) already received from Moses before Joshua's own allotment work begins — the doubled נָתַן...מֹשֶׁה frames Moses' authority as equal to what follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
עִמּ֗וֹwith itprep עִם + Sp3ms · עִם (H5973)Adverbial prepositional phrase (association, resumptive)עִם (H5973) 'with'; with 3ms suffix, 'with it' — referring back to the Manasseh half-tribe of v.7, tying its Transjordan portion (v.8ff) to the whole allotment scheme.
הָרֽאוּבֵנִי֙the Reubeniteart + gentilic N m sg abs · רְאוּבֵנִי (H7206)Subject (collective singular)רְאוּבֵנִי (H7206) 'Reubenite'; collective singular for the tribe of Reuben, Jacob's firstborn (Gen 29:32).
וְהַגָּדִ֔יand the Gaditeconj וְ + art + gentilic N m sg abs · גָּדִי (H1425)Coordinate subjectגָּדִי (H1425) 'Gadite'; collective singular for the tribe of Gad, Jacob's seventh son (Gen 30:11).
לָקְח֖וּreceivedQal perf 3cp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, settled act — the grant already standsלָקַח (H3947) 'to take, receive'; here of receiving an allotted inheritance, already accomplished before Joshua's own division begins.
נַחֲלָתָ֑םtheir inheritanceN f sg constr + Sp3mp · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Direct objectנַחֲלָה (H5159) 'inheritance'; with 3mp suffix, the land already assigned to Reuben and Gad.
אֲשֶׁר֩whichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing the clause specifying who gave the inheritance.
נָתַ֨ןgaveQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: a completed, prior grantנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; Moses' prior grant, distinguished from — yet paralleling — Joshua's ongoing allotment work.
לָהֶ֜םto themprep לְ + Sp3mp · לְIndirect objectלְ 'to, for' with 3mp suffix, referring to Reuben and Gad.
מֹשֶׁ֗הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; the Transjordan allotments (vv.8-32) are repeatedly anchored as his prior grant, distinguishing them from Joshua's Cisjordan work in chs.14ff.
בְּעֵ֤בֶרacrossprep בְּ + N m sg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)עֵבֶר (H5676) 'side, region across'; construct 'on the side of/across the Jordan'.
הַיַּרְדֵּן֙the Jordanart + N proper · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Genitive complementיַרְדֵּן (H3383) 'Jordan'; the river marking the boundary between the Transjordan and Cisjordan allotments.
מִזְרָ֔חָהeastwardN m sg abs + directional ה · מִזְרָח (H4217)Adverbial accusative of directionמִזְרָח (H4217) 'east'; with directional ה, 'eastward' — specifying the Transjordan side.
כַּאֲשֶׁר֙asprep כְּ + relative · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative conjunction (resumptive)אֲשֶׁר (H834) with כְּ, 'just as'; repeats the grant formula for emphasis.
נָתַ֣ןgaveQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (subordinate clause)→ Perfective: a completed, prior grantנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; repeated verb reinforcing Moses' authoritative precedent.
לָהֶ֔םto themprep לְ + Sp3mp · לְIndirect objectלְ 'to, for' with 3mp suffix, referring again to Reuben and Gad.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; repeated subject, now further identified by his title in apposition.
עֶ֥בֶדthe servant ofN m sg constr · עֶבֶד (H5650)Apposition to מֹשֶׁה (title)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'servant, slave'; construct 'servant of YHWH,' Moses' honorific title (cf. 1:1), lending his Transjordan grant the same authority as YHWH's own word.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive complement (whose servant)יְהוָה (H3068), Israel's covenant God; Moses' title 'servant of YHWH' closes the verse with divine authorization.
9
מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל שְׂפַת נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְהָעִ֨יר אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹךְ הַנַּ֛חַל וְכָל הַמִּישֹׁ֥ר מֵידְבָ֖א עַד דִּיבֽוֹן
from Aroer, which is on the edge of the wadi Arnon, and the city that is in the middle of the wadi, and all the tableland from Medeba to Dibon;
Opens the detailed territorial ledger (vv.9-13) recapitulating Numbers 32 and Deuteronomy 3, from the Arnon gorge northward.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡רfrom Aroerprep מִן + N proper · עֲרוֹעֵר (H6177)Prepositional phrase (starting boundary point)עֲרוֹעֵר (H6177) 'Aroer', a Reubenite city on the north rim of the Arnon gorge, the fixed southern starting point of the Transjordan boundary (cf. Deut 2:36).
אֲשֶׁר֩whichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing Aroer's precise location.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (location)עַל (H5921) 'upon, on'.
שְׂפַתthe edge ofN f sg constr · שָׂפָה (H8193)Object of עַל (construct chain)שָׂפָה (H8193) 'lip, edge, bank'; construct 'edge/bank of the wadi'.
נַ֨חַלthe wadi ofN m sg constr · נַחַל (H5158)Genitive complement of שְׂפַתנַחַל (H5158) 'wadi, stream valley'; construct 'wadi of Arnon'.
אַרְנ֜וֹןArnonN proper · אַרְנוֹן (H769)Genitive complementאַרְנוֹן (H769) 'Arnon', the deep gorge running into the Dead Sea, the traditional border between Moab and the Amorite kingdom of Sihon (Num 21:13).
וְהָעִ֨ירand the cityconj וְ + art + N f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Coordinate item, further boundary landmarkעִיר (H5892) 'city'; an unnamed city 'in the middle of the wadi,' likely a settlement in the Arnon gorge itself, near Aroer.
אֲשֶׁ֧רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing the city's location.
בְּתוֹךְin the middle ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Prepositional phrase (location)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst, middle'; construct 'in the middle of the wadi'.
הַנַּ֛חַלthe wadiart + N m sg abs · נַחַל (H5158)Genitive complement of תוֹךְנַחַל (H5158) 'wadi'; referring back to the Arnon just named.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the tableland' as the next boundary element.
הַמִּישֹׁ֥רthe tablelandart + N m sg abs · מִישׁוֹר (H4334)Genitive complement of כָּלמִישׁוֹר (H4334) 'level place, tableland'; the plateau north of the Arnon, a recurring term through this chapter (also vv.16,17,21).
מֵידְבָ֖אfrom MedebaN proper · מֵידְבָא (H4311)Locative apposition (starting point of the tableland)מֵידְבָא (H4311) 'Medeba', a Reubenite city on the tableland, later mentioned in the Moabite Stone.
עַדtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (terminus)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, to'.
דִּיבֽוֹןDibonN proper · דִּיבוֹן (H1769)Object of עַדדִּיבוֹן (H1769) 'Dibon', a major Moabite/Reubenite city (mod. Dhiban), rebuilt by Gad per Num 32:34 yet counted among Reuben's list here (cf. v.17).
10
וְכֹ֗ל עָרֵי֙ סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָלַ֖ךְ בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן עַד גְּב֖וּל בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן
and all the cities of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, as far as the border of the sons of Ammon;
Continues the boundary list to Ammon's border.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְכֹ֗לand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces the cities of Sihon as a further boundary component.
עָרֵי֙the cities ofN f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Genitive complement of כֹּלעִיר (H5892) 'city'; construct 'cities of Sihon.'
סִיחוֹן֙SihonN proper · סִיחוֹן (H5511)Genitive complementסִיחוֹן (H5511) 'Sihon', the Amorite king defeated by Israel at Jahaz (Num 21:21-25), whose kingdom forms the core of the Reuben/Gad allotment.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to סִיחוֹןמֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king'; construct title, 'king of the Amorites.'
הָאֱמֹרִ֔יthe Amoritesart + gentilic N m sg abs · אֱמֹרִי (H567)Genitive complement of מֶלֶךְאֱמֹרִי (H567) 'Amorite'; here Sihon's own Transjordan kingdom, distinct from the western Amorite sphere of v.4.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhorelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing Sihon's capital.
מָלַ֖ךְreignedQal perf 3ms · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: a completed, settled reign, now ended by conquestמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign, be king'; describes Sihon's former rule, now transferred to Israel.
בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹןin Heshbonprep בְּ + N proper · חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location of reign)חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809) 'Heshbon', Sihon's capital city, later reallocated between Reuben (v.17) and Gad (v.26) in the tribal lists.
עַדtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (terminus)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, to'.
גְּב֖וּלthe border ofN m sg constr · גְּבוּל (H1366)Object of עַד (construct chain)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complementבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct 'sons of Ammon,' the standard national designation.
עַמּֽוֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Genitive complementעַמּוֹן (H5983) 'Ammon'; the Ammonite kingdom east of Sihon's territory, whose border fixes the eastern limit here.
11
וְהַגִּלְעָ֞ד וּגְב֧וּל הַגְּשׁוּרִ֣י וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗י וְכֹ֨ל הַ֥ר חֶרְמ֛וֹן וְכָל הַבָּשָׁ֖ן עַד סַלְכָֽה
and Gilead, and the territory of the Geshurite and the Maacathite, and all Mount Hermon, and all the Bashan, as far as Salecah;
Extends the ledger north through Gilead, Geshur, and Maacath to Salecah in the Bashan.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְהַגִּלְעָ֞דand Gileadconj וְ + art + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Coordinate item, next boundary componentגִּלְעָד (H1568) 'Gilead', the fertile hill country east of the Jordan; here loosely designating the region rather than a single city.
וּגְב֧וּלand the territory ofconj וְ + N m sg constr · גְּבוּל (H1366)Coordinate construct headגְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'; construct governing the Geshurite and Maacathite lands.
הַגְּשׁוּרִ֣יthe Geshuriteart + gentilic N m sg abs · גְּשׁוּרִי (H1651)Genitive complementגְּשׁוּרִי (H1651) 'Geshurite'; the small Aramean-adjacent kingdom already named in v.2.
וְהַמַּעֲכָתִ֗יand the Maacathiteconj וְ + art + gentilic N m sg abs · מַעֲכָתִי (H4602)Coordinate genitive complementמַעֲכָתִי (H4602) 'Maacathite'; a small Aramean kingdom near Geshur, likewise never fully dispossessed (cf. v.13).
וְכֹ֨לand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces Mount Hermon as a further boundary component.
הַ֥רMountN m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Construct headהַר (H2022) 'mountain'; construct 'Mount Hermon.'
חֶרְמ֛וֹןHermonN proper · חֶרְמוֹן (H2768)Genitive complementחֶרְמוֹן (H2768) 'Hermon'; repeats the massif named in v.5, here marking Gilead/Bashan's northern edge.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the Bashan' as the final territorial item.
הַבָּשָׁ֖ןthe Bashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Genitive complement of כָּלבָּשָׁן (H1316) 'Bashan', the fertile volcanic plateau north of Gilead, Og's former kingdom (vv.12,30-31).
עַדtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (terminus)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, to'.
סַלְכָֽהSalecahN proper · סַלְכָה (H5548)Object of עַדסַלְכָה (H5548) 'Salecah' (mod. Salkhad), an eastern Bashan city marking the outer limit of the Transjordan grant (cf. Deut 3:10).
12
כָּל מַמְלְכ֥וּת עוֹג֙ בַּבָּשָׁ֔ן אֲשֶׁר מָלַ֥ךְ בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹת וּבְאֶדְרֶ֑עִי ה֤וּא נִשְׁאַר֙ מִיֶּ֣תֶר הָרְפָאִ֔ים וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מֹשֶׁ֖ה וַיֹּרִשֵֽׁם
all the kingdom of Og in the Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei — he alone remained of the remnant of the Rephaim; and Moses struck them and dispossessed them.
Notes Og's unique status as last of the Rephaim survivors and Moses' defeat of him, closing the Transjordan-conquest summary before the unfinished-business note of v.13.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces Og's kingdom as the closing item of the northern territory list.
מַמְלְכ֥וּתthe kingdom ofN f sg constr · מַמְלָכָה (H4468)Genitive complement of כָּלמַמְלָכָה (H4468) 'kingdom, royal territory'; construct 'kingdom of Og.'
עוֹג֙OgN proper · עוֹג (H5747)Genitive complementעוֹג (H5747) 'Og', king of Bashan, defeated by Israel at Edrei (Num 21:33-35; Deut 3:1-11) — famed for his giant iron bed (Deut 3:11).
בַּבָּשָׁ֔ןin the Bashanprep בְּ + art + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)בָּשָׁן (H1316) 'Bashan'; the plateau Og ruled.
אֲשֶׁרwhorelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing Og's capitals.
מָלַ֥ךְreignedQal perf 3ms · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: a completed, ended reignמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign'; Og's former rule, now defeated.
בְּעַשְׁתָּר֖וֹתin Ashtarothprep בְּ + N proper · עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (H6252)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (H6252) 'Ashtaroth', one of Og's royal cities, named for the goddess Ashtart (cf. v.31).
וּבְאֶדְרֶ֑עִיand in Edreiconj וְ + prep בְּ + N proper · אֶדְרֶעִי (H154)Coordinate adverbial prepositional phraseאֶדְרֶעִי (H154) 'Edrei', Og's other royal city and the site of his final defeat (Num 21:33; Deut 3:1).
ה֤וּאheindependent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Emphatic subject pronoun (resumptive)הוּא (H1931) 3ms pronoun; emphatic, resuming Og as subject and marking his singular status.
נִשְׁאַר֙remainedNiphal perf 3ms · שָׁאַר (H7604)Predicate verb (main clause, stative-passive)→ Perfective (stative): a settled, historically noted state of survivalשָׁאַר (H7604) 'to remain, be left'; the same root as v.1's נִשְׁאֲרָה, here marking Og as the last survivor of a vanished race.
מִיֶּ֣תֶרof the remnant ofprep מִן + N m sg constr · יֶתֶר (H3499)Adverbial prepositional phrase (source/partitive)יֶתֶר (H3499) 'remainder, remnant'; construct, partitive 'from the remnant of the Rephaim.'
הָרְפָאִ֔יםthe Rephaimart + N proper (gentilic) · רְפָאִים (H7497)Genitive complementרְפָאִים (H7497) 'Rephaim', a legendary race of giants inhabiting Transjordan before Israel's arrival (Gen 14:5; Deut 2:11,20); Og is their last king.
וַיַּכֵּ֥םand struck themconj וַ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + Sp3mp · נָכָה (H5221)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָכָה (H5221) 'to strike, smite'; Hiphil, the standard verb for military defeat in conquest narratives.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; agent of Og's defeat, per Num 21:33-35.
וַיֹּרִשֵֽׁםand dispossessed themconj וַ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + Sp3mp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess, dispossess'; Hiphil, closing the Og episode with the chapter's key verb — here already accomplished, unlike the still-pending dispossession of v.6.
13
וְלֹ֤א הוֹרִ֨ישׁוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖י וְאֶת הַמַּעֲכָתִ֑י וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב גְּשׁ֤וּר וּמַֽעֲכָת֙ בְּקֶ֣רֶב יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה
But the sons of Israel did not dispossess the Geshurite and the Maacathite; so Geshur and Maacath dwell in the midst of Israel to this day.
A candid aside interrupts the ledger: Geshur and Maacath were never dispossessed and still live 'in the midst of Israel to this day' — a second instance, alongside v.1, of the chapter's honesty about incompleteness.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְלֹ֤אbut...notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negation of the following verbלֹא (H3808) 'not'; negates הוֹרִישׁוּ, introducing the chapter's second admission of incompleteness.
הוֹרִ֨ישׁוּ֙did dispossessHiphil perf 3cp · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Predicate verb (main clause, negated)→ Perfective (negated): a completed action that did NOT happen — failure noted as settled factיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess, dispossess'; Hiphil, the chapter's key verb, here explicitly negated — Israel's own failure against YHWH's promise in v.6.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject (construct chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct 'sons of Israel,' subject of the negated verb.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'; the nation whose incomplete conquest is candidly noted.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853), nota accusativi marking a definite direct object; untranslated in English.
הַגְּשׁוּרִ֖יthe Geshuriteart + gentilic N m sg abs · גְּשׁוּרִי (H1651)Direct objectגְּשׁוּרִי (H1651) 'Geshurite'; the enclave first named in v.2.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (second object)וְ joins the second object; אֵת marks הַמַּעֲכָתִי as the definite second object.
הַמַּעֲכָתִ֑יthe Maacathiteart + gentilic N m sg abs · מַעֲכָתִי (H4602)Direct object (second)מַעֲכָתִי (H4602) 'Maacathite'; paired with Geshur as the two enclaves Israel failed to dispossess.
וַיֵּ֨שֶׁבso they dwellconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (result)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance, marking ongoing consequenceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell, sit'; 3ms verb with a compound subject (Geshur, Maacath), stating the continuing result of the failed dispossession.
גְּשׁ֤וּרGeshurN proper · גְּשׁוּר (H1650)Subjectגְּשׁוּר (H1650) 'Geshur'; the kingdom itself (as opposed to the gentilic גְּשׁוּרִי used earlier), now the grammatical subject of dwelling.
וּמַֽעֲכָת֙and Maacathconj וְ + N proper · מַעֲכָה (H4601)Coordinate subjectמַעֲכָה (H4601) 'Maacah'; the kingdom, coordinated with Geshur as co-subject.
בְּקֶ֣רֶבin the midst ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · קֶרֶב (H7130)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'midst, inward part'; construct 'in the midst of Israel' — these peoples live embedded within, not excluded from, Israel's territory.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'; the nation among whom Geshur and Maacath persist.
עַ֖דtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (temporal terminus)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, until'; here temporal, 'to this day.'
הַיּ֥וֹםdayart + N m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Object of עַד (temporal phrase)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'; idiom עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, 'to this day' — marks the narrator's own present as still bearing the consequence.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + demonstrative pron ms · זֶה (H2088)Attributive demonstrative modifying הַיּוֹםזֶה (H2088) ms demonstrative 'this'; completes the standing idiom 'to this very day.'
14
רַ֚ק לְשֵׁ֣בֶט הַלֵּוִ֔י לֹ֥א נָתַ֖ן נַחֲלָ֑ה אִשֵּׁ֨י יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָת֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר לֽוֹ
Only to the tribe of Levi he gave no inheritance; the fire-offerings of YHWH the God of Israel are his inheritance, as he spoke to him.
The restrictive רַק sets Levi apart from the tribal land grants just described, framing the whole allotment section with a theological counterpoint that recurs verbatim in v.33.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
רַ֚קonlyrestrictive particle · רַק (H7535)Restrictive adverb, setting Levi apartרַק (H7535) 'only, surely'; opens the chapter's first Levi refrain, restricting the tribal land grants just described.
לְשֵׁ֣בֶטto the tribe ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Indirect objectשֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'; construct 'tribe of Levi.'
הַלֵּוִ֔יLeviart + gentilic N proper · לֵוִי (H3878)Genitive complementלֵוִי (H3878) 'Levi'; the priestly tribe, uniquely excluded from territorial inheritance (cf. Num 18:20-24; Deut 18:1-2).
לֹ֥אnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negation of נָתַןלֹא (H3808) 'not'; negates the verb of giving.
נָתַ֖ןhe gaveQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, negated)→ Perfective (negated): a settled non-event — the exclusion is a fixed fact, not an oversightנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; subject is Moses (implied from context, cf. v.33), negated to state Levi's exclusion from land.
נַחֲלָ֑הan inheritanceN f sg abs · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Direct objectנַחֲלָה (H5159) 'inheritance, allotted possession'; direct object of the negated verb — no territorial share at all.
אִשֵּׁ֨יthe fire-offerings ofN m pl constr · אִשֶּׁה (H801)Subject (of the following predicate)אִשֶּׁה (H801) 'offering by fire', probably from אֵשׁ 'fire'; construct 'fire-offerings of YHWH' — the priestly portion of sacrificial offerings substitutes for landed inheritance.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive complementיְהוָה (H3068), Israel's covenant God; the fire-offerings belong to him, and are what Levi receives instead of land.
אֱלֹהֵ֤יthe God ofN m pl constr · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct title 'God of Israel,' in apposition to YHWH.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'; completes YHWH's title.
ה֣וּאhe/itindependent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Copula pronoun, resumptive subject of the nominal clauseהוּא (H1931) 3ms pronoun; functions as the copula 'is' in the nominal clause 'the fire-offerings...are his inheritance.'
נַחֲלָת֔וֹhis inheritanceN f sg constr + Sp3ms · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Predicate nominativeנַחֲלָה (H5159) 'inheritance'; with 3ms suffix, the predicate completing the nominal clause — Levi's true 'portion' is cultic, not territorial.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רasprep כְּ + relative · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative conjunctionאֲשֶׁר (H834) with כְּ, 'just as'; introduces the grounding clause.
דִּבֶּרhe spokePiel perf 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (subordinate clause)→ Perfective: a completed, prior act of speechדָּבַר (H1696) 'to speak'; grounds Levi's exclusion in an earlier divine word (cf. Num 18:20; Deut 18:1-2).
לֽוֹto himprep לְ + Sp3ms · לְIndirect object (recipient of the speech)לְ 'to, for' with 3ms suffix, referring to Levi (or Aaron/the tribe collectively).
15
וַיִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי רְאוּבֵ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם
And Moses gave to the tribe of the sons of Reuben, according to their clans.
Opens the formal, verse-by-verse allotment record for Reuben (vv.15-23), the first of the three Transjordan tribes to be detailed.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיִּתֵּ֣ןand gaveconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; opens the formal Reuben allotment record.
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; subject of the giving throughout vv.15-31.
לְמַטֵּ֥הto the tribe ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · מַטֶּה (H4294)Indirect objectמַטֶּה (H4294) 'staff, tribe'; construct 'tribe of the sons of Reuben.'
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complementבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct chain continuing מַטֵּה.
רְאוּבֵ֖ןReubenN proper · רְאוּבֵן (H7205)Genitive complementרְאוּבֵן (H7205) 'Reuben', Jacob's firstborn (Gen 29:32); the first tribe to receive its Transjordan share by name.
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽםaccording to their clansprep לְ + N f pl constr + Sp3mp · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Adverbial phrase of manner (distribution)מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940) 'clan, family'; 'according to their clans' — the standard formula distributing tribal land by sub-clan.
16
וַיְהִ֨י לָהֶ֜ם הַגְּב֗וּל מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡ר אֲשֶׁר֩ עַל שְׂפַת נַ֨חַל אַרְנ֜וֹן וְהָעִ֨יר אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹךְ הַנַּ֛חַל וְכָל הַמִּישֹׁ֖ר עַל מֵידְבָֽא
Their territory was from Aroer, which is on the edge of the wadi Arnon, and the city that is in the middle of the wadi, and all the tableland by Medeba,
Restates the Arnon-to-Medeba boundary of v.9 specifically as Reuben's own territory.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְהִ֨יand it wasconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; opens the formal statement of Reuben's border.
לָהֶ֜םto themprep לְ + Sp3mp · לְIndirect object (possession)לְ 'to, for' with 3mp suffix, referring to Reuben.
הַגְּב֗וּלthe borderart + N m sg abs · גְּבוּל (H1366)Subjectגְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'; subject of the verb הָיָה.
מֵעֲרוֹעֵ֡רfrom Aroerprep מִן + N proper · עֲרוֹעֵר (H6177)Predicate (locative, boundary start)עֲרוֹעֵר (H6177) 'Aroer'; repeats the fixed southern boundary point of v.9.
אֲשֶׁר֩whichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing Aroer's location.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (location)עַל (H5921) 'upon, on'.
שְׂפַתthe edge ofN f sg constr · שָׂפָה (H8193)Object of עַלשָׂפָה (H8193) 'lip, edge, bank'.
נַ֨חַלthe wadi ofN m sg constr · נַחַל (H5158)Genitive complementנַחַל (H5158) 'wadi'; construct 'wadi of Arnon.'
אַרְנ֜וֹןArnonN proper · אַרְנוֹן (H769)Genitive complementאַרְנוֹן (H769) 'Arnon'; the gorge marking Reuben's southern edge.
וְהָעִ֨ירand the cityconj וְ + art + N f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Coordinate itemעִיר (H5892) 'city'; the same unnamed wadi-city as v.9.
אֲשֶׁ֧רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing the city's location.
בְּתוֹךְin the middle ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Prepositional phrase (location)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'midst, middle'.
הַנַּ֛חַלthe wadiart + N m sg abs · נַחַל (H5158)Genitive complementנַחַל (H5158) 'wadi'; the Arnon again.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the tableland.'
הַמִּישֹׁ֖רthe tablelandart + N m sg abs · מִישׁוֹר (H4334)Genitive complement of כָּלמִישׁוֹר (H4334) 'level place, tableland'; Reuben's plateau, repeated from v.9.
עַלbyprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (location)עַל (H5921) 'upon, by'; here 'by/near Medeba.'
מֵידְבָֽאMedebaN proper · מֵידְבָא (H4311)Object of עַלמֵידְבָא (H4311) 'Medeba'; the tableland city named again as its reference point.
17
חֶשְׁבּ֥וֹן וְכָל עָרֶ֖יהָ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמִּישֹׁ֑ר דִּיבוֹן֙ וּבָמ֣וֹת בַּ֔עַל וּבֵ֖ית בַּ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן
Heshbon and all its cities that are in the tableland: Dibon and Bamoth-baal and Beth-baal-meon,
Begins the city-by-city list of Reuben's tableland towns, running through v.20.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
חֶשְׁבּ֥וֹןHeshbonN proper · חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809)Subject/first item of the city-listחֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809) 'Heshbon', Sihon's former capital, heading the list of Reuben's tableland towns.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all its cities.'
עָרֶ֖יהָits citiesN f pl constr + Sp3fs · עִיר (H5892)Genitive complement of כָּלעִיר (H5892) 'city'; with 3fs suffix, the towns dependent on Heshbon.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing the cities' location.
בַּמִּישֹׁ֑רare in the tablelandprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · מִישׁוֹר (H4334)Predicate of the relative clause (location)מִישׁוֹר (H4334) 'tableland'; locates Heshbon's dependent cities on the plateau.
דִּיבוֹן֙DibonN proper · דִּיבוֹן (H1769)Apposition, first named cityדִּיבוֹן (H1769) 'Dibon'; named again, now explicitly within Reuben's town list (cf. v.9).
וּבָמ֣וֹתand Bamoth-conj וְ + N proper (part 1 of compound) · בָּמוֹת (H1120)Coordinate item (place-name, part 1)בָּמוֹת (H1120) 'high places'; first element of בָּמוֹת בַּעַל, 'Bamoth-baal,' a Baal cult site (cf. Num 22:41).
בַּ֔עַל-baalN proper (part 2 of compound) · בַּעַל (H1120)Second element of the place-name Bamoth-baalבַּעַל (H1120) 'lord, master'; completes בָּמוֹת בַּעַל, the Canaanite storm-god's high-place shrine.
וּבֵ֖יתand Beth-conj וְ + N proper (part 1 of compound) · בֵּית (H1010)Coordinate item (place-name, part 1)בֵּית (H1010) 'house of'; first element of בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן, 'Beth-baal-meon.'
בַּ֥עַל-baal-N proper (part 2 of compound) · בַּעַל (H1010)Second element of the compound nameבַּעַל (H1010) 'lord, master'; middle element of Beth-baal-meon, another Baal shrine-town.
מְעֽוֹן-meonN proper (part 3 of compound) · מְעוֹן (H1010)Third element of the place-name Beth-baal-meonמְעוֹן (H1010) 'dwelling'; completes בֵּית בַּעַל מְעוֹן, 'house of Baal of the abode' (cf. Num 32:38, Beon).
18
וְיַ֥הְצָה וּקְדֵמֹ֖ת וּמֵפָֽעַת
and Jahaz and Kedemoth and Mephaath,
Continues the asyndetic list of Reubenite towns.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
וְיַ֥הְצָהand Jahazconj וְ + N proper + directional ה · יַהַץ (H3096)Coordinate item, city-list continuationיַהַץ (H3096) 'Jahaz', the site of Israel's decisive battle against Sihon (Num 21:23; Deut 2:32).
וּקְדֵמֹ֖תand Kedemothconj וְ + N proper · קְדֵמוֹת (H6932)Coordinate itemקְדֵמוֹת (H6932) 'Kedemoth', a Reubenite town later designated a Levitical city (21:37).
וּמֵפָֽעַתand Mephaathconj וְ + N proper · מֵיפַעַת (H4158)Coordinate itemמֵיפַעַת (H4158) 'Mephaath', another Reubenite town, also later a Levitical city (21:37).
19
וְקִרְיָתַ֣יִם וְשִׂבְמָ֔ה וְצֶ֥רֶת הַשַּׁ֖חַר בְּהַ֥ר הָעֵֽמֶק
and Kiriathaim and Sibmah and Zereth-shahar on the hill of the valley,
Continues the list; Zereth-shahar's added locator 'on the hill of the valley' is unusually specific.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְקִרְיָתַ֣יִםand Kiriathaimconj וְ + N proper (dual) · קִרְיָתַיִם (H7156)Coordinate itemקִרְיָתַיִם (H7156) 'Kiriathaim' (lit. 'twin cities'), a Reubenite town on the tableland (cf. Gen 14:5, Ezek 25:9).
וְשִׂבְמָ֔הand Sibmahconj וְ + N proper · שִׂבְמָה (H7643)Coordinate itemשִׂבְמָה (H7643) 'Sibmah', a town later famed for its vineyards (Isa 16:8-9; Jer 48:32).
וְצֶ֥רֶתand Zereth-conj וְ + N proper (part 1 of compound) · צֶרֶת (H6890)Coordinate item (place-name, part 1)צֶרֶת (H6890) first element of צֶרֶת הַשַּׁחַר, 'Zereth-shahar' ('splendor of the dawn').
הַשַּׁ֖חַר-shaharart + N proper (part 2 of compound) · שַׁחַר (H6890)Second element of the place-nameשַׁחַר (H6890) 'dawn'; completes צֶרֶת הַשַּׁחַר, an otherwise unidentified site.
בְּהַ֥רon the hill ofprep בְּ + N m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Adverbial locative phraseהַר (H2022) 'mountain, hill'; construct locating Zereth-shahar precisely.
הָעֵֽמֶקthe valleyart + N m sg abs · עֵמֶק (H6010)Genitive complementעֵמֶק (H6010) 'valley'; unusually specific locator, 'the hill of the valley,' likely overlooking the Dead Sea basin.
20
וּבֵ֥ית פְּע֛וֹר וְאַשְׁדּ֥וֹת הַפִּסְגָּ֖ה וּבֵ֥ית הַיְשִׁמֽוֹת
and Beth-peor and the slopes of Pisgah and Beth-jeshimoth,
Closes the Reubenite town list with the Pisgah-slope sites overlooking the plains of Moab.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וּבֵ֥יתand Beth-conj וְ + N proper (part 1 of compound) · בֵּית (H1047)Coordinate item (place-name, part 1)בֵּית (H1047) 'house of'; first element of בֵּית פְּעוֹר, 'Beth-peor', where Israel camped before crossing the Jordan (Deut 3:29; 34:6).
פְּע֛וֹר-peorN proper (part 2 of compound) · פְּעוֹר (H1047)Second element of the place-name Beth-peorפְּעוֹר (H1047) 'Peor'; completes בֵּית פְּעוֹר, site of the Baal-peor apostasy (Num 25) and Moses' burial place (Deut 34:6).
וְאַשְׁדּ֥וֹתand the slopes ofconj וְ + N f pl constr · אַשְׁדָּה (H794)Coordinate construct headאַשְׁדָּה (H794) 'slope, ravine'; construct 'slopes of Pisgah.'
הַפִּסְגָּ֖הPisgahart + N proper · פִּסְגָּה (H6449)Genitive complementפִּסְגָּה (H6449) 'Pisgah', the ridge from which Moses viewed the promised land before his death (Deut 3:27; 34:1).
וּבֵ֥יתand Beth-conj וְ + N proper (part 1 of compound) · בֵּית (H1020)Coordinate item (place-name, part 1)בֵּית (H1020) 'house of'; first element of בֵּית הַיְשִׁמוֹת, 'Beth-jeshimoth.'
הַיְשִׁמֽוֹת-jeshimothart + N proper (part 2 of compound) · יְשִׁימוֹת (H1020)Second element of the place-name Beth-jeshimothיְשִׁימוֹת (H1020) 'wastes, desolations'; completes בֵּית הַיְשִׁמוֹת, a plains-of-Moab town near the Jordan's mouth (Num 33:49).
21
וְכֹל֙ עָרֵ֣י הַמִּישֹׁ֔ר וְכָֽל מַמְלְכ֗וּת סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר מָלַ֖ךְ בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁר֩ הִכָּ֨ה מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֹת֣וֹ וְאֶת נְשִׂיאֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן אֶת אֱוִ֤י וְאֶת רֶ֨קֶם֙ וְאֶת צ֤וּר וְאֶת חוּר֙ וְאֶת רֶ֔בַע נְסִיכֵ֣י סִיח֔וֹן יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ
and all the cities of the tableland, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, whom Moses struck — him and the chiefs of Midian, Evi and Rekem and Zur and Hur and Reba, princes of Sihon, dwelling in the land.
Widens from Reuben's cities to Sihon's entire former kingdom, then pivots to the five Midianite chiefs Moses struck alongside him — setting up Balaam's appearance in v.22.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
וְכֹל֙and allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; opens a summary recap of the tableland cities.
עָרֵ֣יthe cities ofN f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Genitive complement of כֹּלעִיר (H5892) 'city'; construct 'cities of the tableland.'
הַמִּישֹׁ֔רthe tablelandart + N m sg abs · מִישׁוֹר (H4334)Genitive complementמִישׁוֹר (H4334) 'tableland'; the plateau repeatedly named through this chapter.
וְכָֽלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the kingdom of Sihon' as a further summary item.
מַמְלְכ֗וּתthe kingdom ofN f sg constr · מַמְלָכָה (H4468)Genitive complement of כָּלמַמְלָכָה (H4468) 'kingdom'; construct 'kingdom of Sihon,' recapitulating v.10.
סִיחוֹן֙SihonN proper · סִיחוֹן (H5511)Genitive complementסִיחוֹן (H5511) 'Sihon'; the defeated Amorite king, named again as this section closes.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to סִיחוֹןמֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king'; construct title.
הָאֱמֹרִ֔יthe Amoritesart + gentilic N m sg abs · אֱמֹרִי (H567)Genitive complement of מֶלֶךְאֱמֹרִי (H567) 'Amorite'; Sihon's ethnic identity, repeated from v.10.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhorelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing Sihon's reign.
מָלַ֖ךְreignedQal perf 3ms · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: a completed, ended reignמָלַךְ (H4427) 'to reign'; repeats the description of Sihon's former rule.
בְּחֶשְׁבּ֑וֹןin Heshbonprep בְּ + N proper · חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809) 'Heshbon'; Sihon's capital, named a third time in this chapter.
אֲשֶׁר֩whomrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (object relative)אֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, here as object of the following verb — 'whom Moses struck.'
הִכָּ֨הstruckHiphil perf 3ms · נָכָה (H5221)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive military actנָכָה (H5221) 'to strike, smite'; Hiphil, recalling Sihon's defeat (Num 21:24).
מֹשֶׁ֜הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; the agent of both Sihon's and the Midianite chiefs' defeat.
אֹת֣וֹhimobj marker + Sp3ms · אֵת (H853)Direct object (Sihon)אֵת (H853) with 3ms suffix; direct object 'him' (Sihon).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (further object)וְ joins a further object; אֵת marks נְשִׂיאֵי מִדְיָן as definite.
נְשִׂיאֵ֣יthe chiefs ofN m pl constr · נָשִׂיא (H5387)Direct object (construct chain)נָשִׂיא (H5387) 'chief, prince, leader'; construct 'chiefs of Midian.'
מִדְיָ֗ןMidianN proper · מִדְיָן (H4080)Genitive complementמִדְיָן (H4080) 'Midian'; the Midianite coalition allied with Moab and Balaam against Israel (Num 22, 25, 31).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker, introducing the first named chiefאֵת (H853), nota accusativi; opens the name-list of the five Midianite chiefs (cf. Num 31:8).
אֱוִ֤יEviN proper · אֱוִי (H189)Direct object (first chief named)אֱוִי (H189) 'Evi', one of the five Midianite kings/chiefs killed by Israel (Num 31:8).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ joins the next name; אֵת marks it as a further direct object.
רֶ֨קֶם֙RekemN proper · רֶקֶם (H7552)Direct object (second chief)רֶקֶם (H7552) 'Rekem', second of the five Midianite chiefs (Num 31:8); also the name of a Benjaminite town (18:27).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ joins the next name; אֵת marks it as a further direct object.
צ֤וּרZurN proper · צוּר (H6698)Direct object (third chief)צוּר (H6698) 'Zur', third chief; father of Cozbi, the Midianite woman killed with Zimri (Num 25:15).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ joins the next name; אֵת marks it as a further direct object.
חוּר֙HurN proper · חוּר (H2354)Direct object (fourth chief)חוּר (H2354) 'Hur', fourth chief (Num 31:8); not to be confused with Moses' associate Hur (Exod 17:10).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object markerוְ joins the final name; אֵת marks it as a further direct object.
רֶ֔בַעRebaN proper · רֶבַע (H7254)Direct object (fifth chief)רֶבַע (H7254) 'Reba', fifth and last-named Midianite chief killed (Num 31:8).
נְסִיכֵ֣יprinces ofN m pl constr · נָסִיךְ (H5257)Apposition to the five named chiefsנָסִיךְ (H5257) 'prince, vassal-ruler'; construct title summarizing the five as 'princes of Sihon' — vassals of the Amorite king rather than independent kings.
סִיח֔וֹןSihonN proper · סִיחוֹן (H5511)Genitive complementסִיחוֹן (H5511) 'Sihon'; the five Midianite chiefs are here classed as his subordinate princes.
יֹשְׁבֵ֖יdwellingQal ptc m pl constr · יָשַׁב (H3427)Substantival participle in apposition (further describing the chiefs)→ Participle: a characteristic, ongoing state of dwellingיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to dwell, sit'; participle describing the chiefs as inhabitants of the conquered land.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive complement of יֹשְׁבֵיאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; the Transjordan territory these chiefs inhabited before their defeat.
22
וְאֶת בִּלְעָ֥ם בֶּן בְּע֖וֹר הַקּוֹסֵ֑ם הָרְג֧וּ בְנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בַּחֶ֖רֶב אֶל חַלְלֵיהֶֽם
And Balaam son of Beor, the diviner, the sons of Israel killed with the sword among their slain.
A pointed epitaph: Balaam, 'the diviner,' dies among Sihon's Midianite allies by Israelite swords — closing the Numbers 22-24, 31 Balaam arc with a title (קוֹסֵם) that reframes his oracles as illicit divination rather than prophecy.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (fronted object)וְ links this verse to the preceding list; אֵת marks Balaam as the definite direct object, fronted before its verb for emphasis.
בִּלְעָ֥םBalaamN proper · בִּלְעָם (H1109)Direct object (fronted)בִּלְעָם (H1109) 'Balaam', the Mesopotamian diviner hired by Balak to curse Israel, whose oracles instead blessed them (Num 22-24), yet who later counseled the Baal-peor seduction (Num 31:16).
בֶּןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Apposition to בִּלְעָםבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct patronymic 'son of Beor.'
בְּע֖וֹרBeorN proper · בְּעוֹר (H1160)Genitive complementבְּעוֹר (H1160) 'Beor', Balaam's father (Num 22:5).
הַקּוֹסֵ֑םthe divinerart + Qal ptc m sg abs · קָסַם (H7080)Apposition to בִּלְעָם (title)→ Participle used substantivally: a fixed epithet/titleקָסַם (H7080) 'to divine, practice divination'; the participle 'the diviner' is a loaded, negative title (divination is elsewhere condemned, Deut 18:10) — reframing Balaam not as prophet but as pagan sorcerer, despite his YHWH-given oracles.
הָרְג֧וּkilledQal perf 3cp · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive actהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill, slay'; states Balaam's death as accomplished fact, closing his narrative arc from Numbers.
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Subject (construct chain)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct 'sons of Israel,' subject of הָרְגוּ.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֛לIsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'; agent of Balaam's death (cf. Num 31:8).
בַּחֶ֖רֶבwith the swordprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Adverbial instrumental phraseחֶרֶב (H2719) 'sword'; instrument of Balaam's death.
אֶלamongprep · אֶל (H413)Prepositional phrase (association)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; here idiomatic 'among/along with' their slain.
חַלְלֵיהֶֽםtheir slainN m pl constr + Sp3mp · חָלָל (H2491)Object of אֶלחָלָל (H2491) 'slain, pierced one'; with 3mp suffix, referring to the slaughtered Midianites of v.21 — Balaam dies among his adopted allies, not as an Israelite enemy proper but by association.
23
וַיְהִ֗י גְּבוּל֙ בְּנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֔ן הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וּגְב֑וּל זֹ֣את נַחֲלַ֤ת בְּנֵֽי רְאוּבֵן֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן
And the border of the sons of Reuben was the Jordan and its territory. This is the inheritance of the sons of Reuben according to their clans, the cities and their villages.
The standard closing formula (border + 'this is the inheritance... cities and villages') seals Reuben's allotment before Gad's begins in v.24.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיְהִ֗יand it wasconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; opens the closing border-summary for Reuben.
גְּבוּל֙the border ofN m sg constr · גְּבוּל (H1366)Subject (construct chain)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'; construct 'border of the sons of Reuben.'
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complementבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct chain continuing גְּבוּל.
רְאוּבֵ֔ןReubenN proper · רְאוּבֵן (H7205)Genitive complementרְאוּבֵן (H7205) 'Reuben'; the tribe whose allotment this verse closes.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ןthe Jordanart + N proper · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Predicate nominativeיַרְדֵּן (H3383) 'Jordan'; the river forms Reuben's western border, completing the frame opened at v.9's Arnon.
וּגְב֑וּלand its territoryconj וְ + N m sg abs · גְּבוּל (H1366)Coordinate predicate nominativeגְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'; likely referring to the river's adjoining strip, or resuming the whole boundary just described.
זֹ֣אתthisdemonstrative pron fs · זֹאת (H2063)Subject of the summary clauseזֹאת (H2063) fs demonstrative 'this'; introduces the formulaic inheritance-summary.
נַחֲלַ֤תis the inheritance ofN f sg constr · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Predicate nominative (construct chain)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'inheritance'; construct 'inheritance of the sons of Reuben.'
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complementבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct chain continuing נַחֲלַת.
רְאוּבֵן֙ReubenN proper · רְאוּבֵן (H7205)Genitive complementרְאוּבֵן (H7205) 'Reuben'; names the tribe whose inheritance is summarized.
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔םaccording to their clansprep לְ + N f pl constr + Sp3mp · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Adverbial phrase of manner (distribution)מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940) 'clan, family'; the standard distributive formula closing the allotment.
הֶעָרִ֖יםthe citiesart + N f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Apposition (specifying components of the inheritance)עִיר (H5892) 'city'; the inheritance concretely comprises cities and their satellite villages.
וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽןand their villagesconj וְ + N (c) pl constr + Sp3fp · חָצֵר (H2691)Coordinate appositionחָצֵר (H2691) 'settlement, village, enclosure'; unwalled satellite settlements dependent on the fortified cities.
24
וַיִּתֵּ֤ן מֹשֶׁה֙ לְמַטֵּה גָ֔ד לִבְנֵי גָ֖ד לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם
And Moses gave to the tribe of Gad, to the sons of Gad, according to their clans.
Opens Gad's allotment record (vv.24-28), parallel in structure to Reuben's.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיִּתֵּ֤ןand gaveconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; opens Gad's formal allotment record, parallel to v.15's opening for Reuben.
מֹשֶׁה֙MosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; subject of the giving.
לְמַטֵּהto the tribe ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · מַטֶּה (H4294)Indirect objectמַטֶּה (H4294) 'staff, tribe'; construct 'tribe of Gad.'
גָ֔דGadN proper · גָּד (H1410)Genitive complementגָּד (H1410) 'Gad', Jacob's seventh son (Gen 30:11), 'good fortune'.
לִבְנֵיto the sons ofprep לְ + N m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Coordinate indirect object (apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct 'sons of Gad,' restating the tribe by its clan members.
גָ֖דGadN proper · גָּד (H1410)Genitive complementגָּד (H1410) 'Gad'; repeated to specify the tribe's descendants.
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽםaccording to their clansprep לְ + N f pl constr + Sp3mp · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Adverbial phrase of manner (distribution)מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940) 'clan, family'; the standard distributive formula.
25
וַיְהִ֤י לָהֶם֙ הַגְּב֔וּל יַעְזֵר֙ וְכָל עָרֵ֣י הַגִּלְעָ֔ד וַחֲצִ֕י אֶ֖רֶץ בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן עַד עֲרוֹעֵ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל פְּנֵ֥י רַבָּֽה
Their territory was Jazer, and all the cities of Gilead, and half the land of the sons of Ammon, as far as Aroer, which is before Rabbah;
States Gad's territory: Jazer, Gilead, half the Ammonite land, to Aroer facing Rabbah.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְהִ֤יand it wasconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; opens Gad's border description.
לָהֶם֙to themprep לְ + Sp3mp · לְIndirect object (possession)לְ 'to, for' with 3mp suffix, referring to Gad.
הַגְּב֔וּלthe borderart + N m sg abs · גְּבוּל (H1366)Subjectגְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'; subject of הָיָה.
יַעְזֵר֙JazerN proper · יַעְזֵר (H3270)Predicate nominative (first item)יַעְזֵר (H3270) 'Jazer', a Gadite city and later Levitical city (21:39), scouted by Moses' spies (Num 21:32).
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the cities of Gilead.'
עָרֵ֣יthe cities ofN f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Genitive complement of כָּלעִיר (H5892) 'city'; construct 'cities of Gilead.'
הַגִּלְעָ֔דGileadart + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Genitive complementגִּלְעָד (H1568) 'Gilead'; here the whole hill-country region granted to Gad.
וַחֲצִ֕יand halfconj וְ + N m sg constr · חֲצִי (H2677)Coordinate construct headחֲצִי (H2677) 'half'; construct 'half the land of the sons of Ammon.'
אֶ֖רֶץthe land ofN (c) sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Genitive complement of חֲצִיאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; construct chain continuing to 'the sons of Ammon.'
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complementבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct chain continuing אֶרֶץ.
עַמּ֑וֹןAmmonN proper · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Genitive complementעַמּוֹן (H5983) 'Ammon'; half the Ammonite border-land is granted to Gad — an eastern extension beyond Sihon's kingdom proper.
עַדtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (terminus)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, to'.
עֲרוֹעֵ֕רAroerN proper · עֲרוֹעֵר (H6177)Object of עַדעֲרוֹעֵר (H6177) 'Aroer'; a second, distinct Aroer near Rabbah of the Ammonites (not the Arnon-gorge Aroer of v.9).
אֲשֶׁ֖רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing this Aroer's location.
עַלbeforeprep · עַל (H5921)Prepositional phrase (location)עַל (H5921) 'upon, before'; idiomatic with פְּנֵי, 'facing, before'.
פְּנֵ֥יthe face ofN (c) pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Object of עַל (construct chain)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; construct עַל־פְּנֵי idiom 'facing, in front of'.
רַבָּֽהRabbahN proper · רַבָּה (H7237)Genitive complementרַבָּה (H7237) 'Rabbah' ('the great [city]'), capital of the Ammonites (mod. Amman), marking Gad's easternmost boundary landmark.
26
וּמֵחֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן עַד רָמַ֥ת הַמִּצְפֶּ֖ה וּבְטֹנִ֑ים וּמִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִם עַד גְּב֥וּל לִדְבִֽר
and from Heshbon to Ramath-mizpeh and Betonim, and from Mahanaim to the border of Debir,
Extends the boundary from Heshbon to Debir via Mahanaim.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וּמֵחֶשְׁבּ֛וֹןand from Heshbonconj וְ + prep מִן + N proper · חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809)Prepositional phrase (starting boundary)חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809) 'Heshbon'; here as Gad's own southern-boundary reference point, shared with Reuben's list.
עַדtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (terminus)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, to'.
רָמַ֥תRamath-N proper (construct, part 1 of compound) · רָמָה (H7434)Object of עַד (place-name, part 1)רָמָה (H7434) 'height'; construct first element of רָמַת הַמִּצְפֶּה, 'Ramath-mizpeh.'
הַמִּצְפֶּ֖ה-mizpehart + N proper (part 2 of compound) · מִצְפֶּה (H7434)Second element of the place-nameמִצְפֶּה (H7434) 'watchtower, lookout'; completes רָמַת הַמִּצְפֶּה, likely the Mizpah of Gilead (Judg 11:29).
וּבְטֹנִ֑יםand Betonimconj וְ + N proper · בְּטֹנִים (H993)Coordinate itemבְּטֹנִים (H993) 'Betonim', an otherwise unattested Gadite town.
וּמִֽמַּחֲנַ֖יִםand from Mahanaimconj וְ + prep מִן + N proper (dual) · מַחֲנַיִם (H4266)Coordinate prepositional phrase (further boundary segment)מַחֲנַיִם (H4266) 'two camps', where Jacob met the angels (Gen 32:2-3) and later Ish-bosheth's and David's capital (2 Sam 2:8; 17:24).
עַדtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (terminus)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, to'.
גְּב֥וּלthe border ofN m sg constr · גְּבוּל (H1366)Object of עַד (construct chain)גְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'.
לִדְבִֽרDebirN proper · דְּבִיר (H1688)Genitive complementדְּבִיר (H1688) 'Debir', a Gadite border town in Gilead — distinct from the Judahite Debir of 10:38-39; the לְ prefix here marks direction 'to.'
27
וּבָעֵ֡מֶק בֵּ֣ית הָרָם֩ וּבֵ֨ית נִמְרָ֜ה וְסֻכּ֣וֹת וְצָפ֗וֹן יֶ֚תֶר מַמְלְכ֗וּת סִיחוֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וּגְבֻ֑ל עַד קְצֵה֙ יָם כִּנֶּ֔רֶת עֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרָֽחָה
and in the valley, Beth-haram and Beth-nimrah and Succoth and Zaphon, the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, the Jordan and its territory, to the end of the Sea of Chinnereth, across the Jordan eastward.
Lists the valley towns and folds in 'the rest of the kingdom of Sihon,' fixing the eastern shore of the Sea of Chinnereth as Gad's northern limit.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וּבָעֵ֡מֶקand in the valleyconj וְ + prep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · עֵמֶק (H6010)Adverbial locative phrase, introducing the valley townsעֵמֶק (H6010) 'valley'; the Jordan valley/plains section of Gad's territory.
בֵּ֣יתBeth-N proper (part 1 of compound) · בֵּית (H1027)Coordinate item (place-name, part 1)בֵּית (H1027) 'house of'; first element of בֵּית הָרָם, 'Beth-haram.'
הָרָם֩-haramN proper (part 2 of compound) · הָרָם (H1027)Second element of the place-name Beth-haramהָרָם (H1027) completes בֵּית הָרָם, also called Beth-haran (Num 32:36), a Gadite town in the Jordan valley.
וּבֵ֨יתand Beth-conj וְ + N proper (part 1 of compound) · בֵּית (H1039)Coordinate item (place-name, part 1)בֵּית (H1039) 'house of'; first element of בֵּית נִמְרָה, 'Beth-nimrah.'
נִמְרָ֜ה-nimrahN proper (part 2 of compound) · נִמְרָה (H1039)Second element of the place-nameנִמְרָה (H1039) 'clear/leopard water(s)'; completes בֵּית נִמְרָה, a Gadite town in the Jordan valley (Num 32:36).
וְסֻכּ֣וֹתand Succothconj וְ + N proper · סֻכּוֹת (H5523)Coordinate itemסֻכּוֹת (H5523) 'booths'; where Jacob built shelters for his cattle after Peniel (Gen 33:17), and Gideon later punished for withholding aid (Judg 8:5-16).
וְצָפ֗וֹןand Zaphonconj וְ + N proper · צָפוֹן (H6829)Coordinate itemצָפוֹן (H6829) 'north'; a Gadite town in the Jordan valley (cf. Judg 12:1), not the general direction 'north.'
יֶ֚תֶרthe rest ofN m sg constr · יֶתֶר (H3499)Construct headיֶתֶר (H3499) 'remainder, rest'; construct 'the rest of the kingdom of Sihon' — territory beyond the towns just listed.
מַמְלְכ֗וּתthe kingdom ofN f sg constr · מַמְלָכָה (H4468)Genitive complement of יֶתֶרמַמְלָכָה (H4468) 'kingdom'; construct 'kingdom of Sihon.'
סִיחוֹן֙SihonN proper · סִיחוֹן (H5511)Genitive complementסִיחוֹן (H5511) 'Sihon'; his kingdom's remainder here allotted to Gad.
מֶ֣לֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to סִיחוֹןמֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king'; construct title.
חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹןHeshbonN proper · חֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809)Genitive complementחֶשְׁבּוֹן (H2809) 'Heshbon'; named a final time as Sihon's capital, closing out the chapter's repeated references.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ןthe Jordanart + N proper · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Subject/predicate nominative (boundary marker)יַרְדֵּן (H3383) 'Jordan'; the river forms Gad's western border, as it did Reuben's.
וּגְבֻ֑לand its territoryconj וְ + N m sg abs · גְּבוּל (H1366)Coordinate predicate nominativeגְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'; coordinated with the Jordan as the western limit.
עַדtoprep · עַד (H5704)Prepositional phrase (terminus)עַד (H5704) 'as far as, to'.
קְצֵה֙the end ofN (c) sg constr · קָצֶה (H7097)Object of עַד (construct chain)קָצֶה (H7097) 'end, extremity'; construct 'end of the Sea of Chinnereth.'
יָםthe sea ofN m sg constr · יָם (H3220)Genitive complement of קְצֵהיָם (H3220) 'sea'; construct 'sea of Chinnereth.'
כִּנֶּ֔רֶתChinnerethN proper · כִּנֶּרֶת (H3672)Genitive complementכִּנֶּרֶת (H3672) 'Chinnereth', the OT name for the Sea of Galilee, from כִּנּוֹר 'harp' (the lake's shape) — marks Gad's northernmost point.
עֵ֥בֶרon the side ofN m sg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location, resumptive)עֵבֶר (H5676) 'side, region across'; construct, resuming the Transjordan location of the whole allotment.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ןthe Jordanart + N proper · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Genitive complementיַרְדֵּן (H3383) 'Jordan'; repeated to close the boundary description.
מִזְרָֽחָהeastwardN m sg abs + directional ה · מִזְרָח (H4217)Adverbial accusative of directionמִזְרָח (H4217) 'east'; with directional ה, confirming the Transjordan (eastern) side one final time.
28
זֹ֛את נַחֲלַ֥ת בְּנֵי גָ֖ד לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶעָרִ֖ים וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽם
This is the inheritance of the sons of Gad according to their clans, the cities and their villages.
Closes Gad's allotment with the same formulaic summary used for Reuben in v.23.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
זֹ֛אתthisdemonstrative pron fs · זֹאת (H2063)Subject of the summary clauseזֹאת (H2063) fs demonstrative 'this'; introduces the formulaic inheritance-summary, matching v.23's for Reuben.
נַחֲלַ֥תis the inheritance ofN f sg constr · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Predicate nominative (construct chain)נַחֲלָה (H5159) 'inheritance'; construct 'inheritance of the sons of Gad.'
בְּנֵיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complementבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct chain continuing נַחֲלַת.
גָ֖דGadN proper · גָּד (H1410)Genitive complementגָּד (H1410) 'Gad'; the tribe whose inheritance this verse summarizes.
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑םaccording to their clansprep לְ + N f pl constr + Sp3mp · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Adverbial phrase of manner (distribution)מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940) 'clan, family'; the standard distributive formula closing the allotment.
הֶעָרִ֖יםthe citiesart + N f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Apposition (specifying components)עִיר (H5892) 'city'; the inheritance concretely comprises cities and villages, matching v.23's formula.
וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽםand their villagesconj וְ + N (c) pl constr + Sp3mp · חָצֵר (H2691)Coordinate appositionחָצֵר (H2691) 'settlement, village, enclosure'; unwalled satellite settlements dependent on the fortified cities.
29
וַיִּתֵּ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה לַחֲצִ֖י שֵׁ֣בֶט מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיְהִ֗י לַחֲצִ֛י מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם
And Moses gave to the half-tribe of Manasseh; it belonged to the half-tribe of the sons of Manasseh, according to their clans.
Opens the third and final Transjordan allotment, to the half-tribe of Manasseh (vv.29-31).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּתֵּ֣ןand gaveconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; opens the third and final Transjordan allotment, to half-Manasseh.
מֹשֶׁ֔הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; subject of the giving throughout.
לַחֲצִ֖יto the half ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · חֲצִי (H2677)Indirect object (construct chain)חֲצִי (H2677) 'half'; construct 'half the tribe of Manasseh.'
שֵׁ֣בֶטthe tribe ofN m sg constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Genitive complement of חֲצִישֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'; construct chain continuing to Manasseh.
מְנַשֶּׁ֑הManassehN proper · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Genitive complementמְנַשֶּׁה (H4519) 'Manasseh', Joseph's firstborn son; half his tribe settles in Transjordan, half west of the Jordan (17:1-2).
וַיְהִ֗יand it wasconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; restates the grant as now belonging to the half-tribe.
לַחֲצִ֛יto the half ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · חֲצִי (H2677)Predicate (possession)חֲצִי (H2677) 'half'; construct, repeated for emphasis.
מַטֵּ֥הthe tribe ofN m sg constr · מַטֶּה (H4294)Genitive complement of חֲצִימַטֶּה (H4294) 'staff, tribe'; construct chain continuing 'the sons of Manasseh.'
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complementבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct chain continuing מַטֵּה.
מְנַשֶּׁ֖הManassehN proper · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Genitive complementמְנַשֶּׁה (H4519) 'Manasseh'; named a second time to close the construct chain.
לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽםaccording to their clansprep לְ + N f pl constr + Sp3mp · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Adverbial phrase of manner (distribution)מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940) 'clan, family'; the standard distributive formula.
30
וַיְהִ֣י גְבוּלָ֗ם מִמַּחֲנַ֨יִם כָּֽל הַבָּשָׁ֜ן כָּֽל מַמְלְכ֣וּת ע֣וֹג מֶֽלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֗ן וְכָל חַוֺּ֥ת יָאִ֛יר אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּבָּשָׁ֖ן שִׁשִּׁ֥ים עִֽיר
Their territory was from Mahanaim, all the Bashan, all the kingdom of Og king of the Bashan, and all the Havvoth-jair that are in the Bashan, sixty cities.
Defines the territory as all of Bashan plus the sixty towns of Havvoth-jair, Og's former kingdom.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְהִ֣יand it wasconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; opens the description of half-Manasseh's territory.
גְבוּלָ֗םtheir territoryN m sg constr + Sp3mp · גְּבוּל (H1366)Subjectגְּבוּל (H1366) 'border, territory'; with 3mp suffix, subject of הָיָה.
מִמַּחֲנַ֨יִםfrom Mahanaimprep מִן + N proper (dual) · מַחֲנַיִם (H4266)Predicate (locative, boundary start)מַחֲנַיִם (H4266) 'two camps'; repeats the boundary point from Gad's list (v.26), now marking half-Manasseh's southern edge.
כָּֽלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the Bashan.'
הַבָּשָׁ֜ןthe Bashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Genitive complementבָּשָׁן (H1316) 'Bashan'; the whole plateau granted to half-Manasseh, Og's former kingdom.
כָּֽלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the kingdom of Og.'
מַמְלְכ֣וּתthe kingdom ofN f sg constr · מַמְלָכָה (H4468)Genitive complement of כָּלמַמְלָכָה (H4468) 'kingdom'; construct 'kingdom of Og.'
ע֣וֹגOgN proper · עוֹג (H5747)Genitive complementעוֹג (H5747) 'Og'; his entire kingdom, named a final time, passes to half-Manasseh.
מֶֽלֶךְking ofN m sg constr · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Apposition to עוֹגמֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king'; construct title.
הַבָּשָׁ֗ןthe Bashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Genitive complementבָּשָׁן (H1316) 'Bashan'; repeated to complete Og's royal title.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Coordinate construct headכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; introduces 'all the Havvoth-jair.'
חַוֺּ֥תthe villages ofN f pl constr · חַוָּה (H2333)Genitive complement of כָּלחַוָּה (H2333) 'tent-village, settlement'; construct 'villages of Jair,' i.e. Havvoth-jair.
יָאִ֛ירJairN proper · יָאִיר (H2971)Genitive complementיָאִיר (H2971) 'Jair', a Manassite clan leader who captured these Bashan settlements and named them for himself (Num 32:41; Deut 3:14).
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing the Havvoth-jair's location.
בַּבָּשָׁ֖ןare in the Bashanprep בְּ + art + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Predicate of the relative clause (location)בָּשָׁן (H1316) 'Bashan'; locates the Havvoth-jair settlements within the plateau.
שִׁשִּׁ֥יםsixtynumeral f pl abs · שִׁשִּׁים (H8346)Numeral modifier (in apposition)שִׁשִּׁים (H8346) 'sixty'; the total count of Havvoth-jair towns (cf. Deut 3:4, 'sixty cities' also of Og's kingdom generally).
עִֽירcitiesN f sg abs (counted noun) · עִיר (H5892)Genitive complement of שִׁשִּׁים (counted noun)עִיר (H5892) 'city'; singular form after a numeral, per standard Hebrew counting syntax — 'sixty city[-units].'
31
וַחֲצִ֤י הַגִּלְעָד֙ וְעַשְׁתָּר֣וֹת וְאֶדְרֶ֔עִי עָרֵ֛י מַמְלְכ֥וּת ע֖וֹג בַּבָּשָׁ֑ן לִבְנֵ֤י מָכִיר֙ בֶּן מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לַחֲצִ֥י בְנֵֽי מָכִ֖יר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם
And half of Gilead, and Ashtaroth and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in the Bashan, belonged to the sons of Machir son of Manasseh, to half the sons of Machir, according to their clans.
Narrows the grant to Machir son of Manasseh's descendants specifically, tying the Transjordan half-tribe to a named ancestral line (cf. Num 32:39-40).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַחֲצִ֤יand halfconj וְ + N m sg constr · חֲצִי (H2677)Coordinate subject/predicate (construct chain)חֲצִי (H2677) 'half'; construct 'half of Gilead,' adding southern territory to the Bashan grant.
הַגִּלְעָד֙Gileadart + N proper · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Genitive complementגִּלְעָד (H1568) 'Gilead'; the northern half of Gilead (the southern half went to Gad and Reuben, cf. Deut 3:12-13).
וְעַשְׁתָּר֣וֹתand Ashtarothconj וְ + N proper · עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (H6252)Coordinate itemעַשְׁתָּרוֹת (H6252) 'Ashtaroth'; Og's royal city, named again from v.12.
וְאֶדְרֶ֔עִיand Edreiconj וְ + N proper · אֶדְרֶעִי (H154)Coordinate itemאֶדְרֶעִי (H154) 'Edrei'; Og's other royal city, likewise repeated from v.12.
עָרֵ֛יthe cities ofN f pl constr · עִיר (H5892)Apposition to Ashtaroth/Edrei (construct chain)עִיר (H5892) 'city'; construct 'cities of the kingdom of Og,' classifying Ashtaroth and Edrei as such.
מַמְלְכ֥וּתthe kingdom ofN f sg constr · מַמְלָכָה (H4468)Genitive complement of עָרֵימַמְלָכָה (H4468) 'kingdom'; construct 'kingdom of Og.'
ע֖וֹגOgN proper · עוֹג (H5747)Genitive complementעוֹג (H5747) 'Og'; his kingdom named a final time in this chapter.
בַּבָּשָׁ֑ןin the Bashanprep בְּ + art + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)בָּשָׁן (H1316) 'Bashan'; locates Og's royal cities within the plateau.
לִבְנֵ֤יto the sons ofprep לְ + N m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Indirect objectבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct 'sons of Machir,' the specific recipients.
מָכִיר֙MachirN proper · מָכִיר (H4353)Genitive complementמָכִיר (H4353) 'Machir', Manasseh's son (Gen 50:23), whose descendants settled Gilead and gave their name to the clan (Num 32:39-40).
בֶּןson ofN m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Apposition to מָכִירבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct patronymic 'son of Manasseh,' identifying Machir's lineage.
מְנַשֶּׁ֔הManassehN proper · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Genitive complementמְנַשֶּׁה (H4519) 'Manasseh'; Machir's father, tying this Transjordan grant to the tribe's founding genealogy.
לַחֲצִ֥יto half ofprep לְ + N m sg constr · חֲצִי (H2677)Coordinate indirect object (apposition, further specifying)חֲצִי (H2677) 'half'; construct, narrowing the recipients to only half of Machir's own descendants.
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Genitive complementבֵּן (H1121) 'son'; construct chain continuing חֲצִי.
מָכִ֖ירMachirN proper · מָכִיר (H4353)Genitive complementמָכִיר (H4353) 'Machir'; repeated to specify precisely which half of his descendants receive this grant.
לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽםaccording to their clansprep לְ + N f pl constr + Sp3mp · מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940)Adverbial phrase of manner (distribution)מִשְׁפָּחָה (H4940) 'clan, family'; the standard distributive formula, closing the Transjordan allotments proper before the summary of vv.32-33.
32
אֵ֕לֶּה אֲשֶׁר נִחַ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹת מוֹאָ֑ב מֵעֵ֛בֶר לְיַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרִיח֖וֹ מִזְרָֽחָה
These are the territories that Moses allotted in the plains of Moab, across the Jordan from Jericho, eastward.
A summary colophon closes the entire Moses-era allotment (vv.15-31) before the chapter's final counterpoint in v.33.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אֵ֕לֶּהthesedemonstrative pron cp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Subject of the closing summaryאֵלֶּה (H428) cp demonstrative 'these'; opens the colophon closing the whole Transjordan allotment section.
אֲשֶׁרwhichrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause markerאֲשֶׁר (H834), relative particle, introducing what Moses allotted.
נִחַ֥לallottedPiel perf 3ms · נָחַל (H5157)Predicate verb (relative clause)→ Perfective: a completed, decisive act of distributionנָחַל (H5157) 'to give as an inheritance, allot'; Piel, denominative from נַחֲלָה — summarizes Moses' entire Transjordan land-grant in one verb.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; agent of the whole preceding Transjordan allotment (vv.15-31).
בְּעַֽרְב֣וֹתin the plains ofprep בְּ + N f pl constr · עֲרָבָה (H6160)Adverbial locative phraseעֲרָבָה (H6160) 'desert-plain, steppe'; construct 'plains of Moab,' Israel's staging ground before crossing the Jordan (Num 22:1; Deut 34:1).
מוֹאָ֑בMoabN proper · מוֹאָב (H4124)Genitive complementמוֹאָב (H4124) 'Moab'; the kingdom whose plains hosted Israel's final Transjordan encampment and Moses' death (Deut 34:1-6).
מֵעֵ֛בֶרacrossprep מִן + N m sg abs · עֵבֶר (H5676)Adverbial prepositional phrase (location)עֵבֶר (H5676) 'side, region across'; locates the plains relative to the Jordan.
לְיַרְדֵּ֥ןthe Jordan ofprep לְ + N proper · יַרְדֵּן (H3383)Genitive/locative complementיַרְדֵּן (H3383) 'Jordan'; here in construct-like use with יְרִיחוֹ, 'the Jordan of Jericho' — the stretch opposite Jericho.
יְרִיח֖וֹJerichoN proper · יְרִיחוֹ (H3405)Genitive complementיְרִיחוֹ (H3405) 'Jericho'; the first Cisjordan city Israel would take (ch.6), here used to pin down the Jordan crossing-point.
מִזְרָֽחָהeastwardN m sg abs + directional ה · מִזְרָח (H4217)Adverbial accusative of directionמִזְרָח (H4217) 'east'; with directional ה, confirming the Transjordan side one final time, closing the colophon.
33
וּלְשֵׁ֨בֶט֙ הַלֵּוִ֔י לֹֽא נָתַ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה נַחֲלָ֑ה יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ ה֣וּא נַחֲלָתָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר לָהֶֽם
But to the tribe of Levi Moses gave no inheritance; YHWH the God of Israel, he is their inheritance, as he spoke to them.
The chapter closes exactly as its central section began (v.14): Levi receives no territorial share because YHWH himself is his inheritance — the doubled refrain frames the entire Transjordan ledger and answers the incompleteness of v.1 with a different kind of totality.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וּלְשֵׁ֨בֶט֙but to the tribe ofconj וְ + prep לְ + N m sg constr · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Indirect object (contrastive, resuming v.14)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'tribe'; construct 'tribe of Levi', reopening the chapter's Levi refrain at its close.
הַלֵּוִ֔יLeviart + gentilic N proper · לֵוִי (H3878)Genitive complementלֵוִי (H3878) 'Levi'; named a second time, framing the whole Transjordan section (vv.14 and 33).
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negation of נָתַןלֹא (H3808) 'not'; negates the verb of giving, as in v.14.
נָתַ֥ןgaveQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (main clause, negated)→ Perfective (negated): a settled non-event, restated to close the sectionנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; here explicitly attributed to Moses (unlike v.14's unstated subject), closing the frame he opened.
מֹשֶׁ֖הMosesN proper · מֹשֶׁה (H4872)Subjectמֹשֶׁה (H4872) 'Moses'; explicit subject here, confirming he — not merely YHWH abstractly — excluded Levi from territorial inheritance.
נַחֲלָ֑הan inheritanceN f sg abs · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Direct objectנַחֲלָה (H5159) 'inheritance, allotted possession'; direct object of the negated verb.
יְהוָ֞הYHWHN proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of the following nominal clauseיְהוָה (H3068), Israel's covenant God; here directly named as Levi's portion (v.14 used the mediating 'fire-offerings of YHWH').
אֱלֹהֵ֤יthe God ofN m pl constr · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct title 'God of Israel'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Genitive complementיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'; completes YHWH's title, as in v.14.
ה֣וּאheindependent pron 3ms · הוּא (H1931)Copula pronoun, resumptive subject of the nominal clauseהוּא (H1931) 3ms pronoun; copula 'is' in 'YHWH...is their inheritance' — the chapter's final, unmediated statement of Levi's true portion.
נַחֲלָתָ֔םtheir inheritanceN f sg constr + Sp3mp · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Predicate nominativeנַחֲלָה (H5159) 'inheritance'; with 3mp suffix (Levi collectively), the predicate closing the nominal clause and the whole chapter's territorial argument.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רasprep כְּ + relative · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative conjunctionאֲשֶׁר (H834) with כְּ, 'just as'; introduces the grounding clause, as in v.14.
דִּבֶּ֥רhe spokePiel perf 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb (subordinate clause)→ Perfective: a completed, prior act of speechדָּבַר (H1696) 'to speak'; grounds Levi's exclusion in YHWH's earlier word, closing the chapter exactly as its central Levi-notice began (v.14).
לָהֶֽםto themprep לְ + Sp3mp · לְIndirect object (recipient of the speech)לְ 'to, for' with 3mp suffix, referring to Levi collectively — plural here versus v.14's singular לוֹ, matching the chapter's final view of Levi as a whole people rather than a representative figure.