Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Jonah, Chapter 4יונה 4

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Jonah 4 (11 verses in the MT) opens: But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry. The middle of the chapter continues: And YHWH God prepared a gourd, and made to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shadow over his head, to deliver him from his grief. So Jonah was exceeding glad of the gourd. It closes: And should not I spare Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and much cattle?

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Jonah 4 comprises 11 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry. But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry. And he prayed to YHWH, and said, I pray you, O YHWH, not this my saying, when I was yet in my country? Therefore I fled before to Tarshish: for I knew that you a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repentest you of the evil. Therefore now, O YHWH, take, I beseech. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — So Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and. So Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made him a booth, and sat under it in the shadow, till he might see what would become of the city. And YHWH God prepared a gourd, and made to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shadow over his head, to deliver him from his grief. So Jonah was exceeding glad of the gourd. But. Movement III (vv. 9-11) — And God said to Jonah, Doest you well to be angry for the gourd? And he. And God said to Jonah, Doest you well to be angry for the gourd? And he said, I do well to be angry, to death. Then said YHWH, You have had pity on the gourd, for the which you have not laboured, neither madest it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night: And should not I spare Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיֵּ֥רַע אֶל יוֹנָ֖ה רָעָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַיִּ֖חַר לֽוֹ

But it displeased Jonah exceedingly, and he was very angry.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and it was displeasing'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיֵּ֥רַעand it was displeasingconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָעַע (H7489)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יוֹנָ֖הJonahN · יוֹנָה (H3124)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָה (H3124) 'Jonah'.
רָעָ֣הevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
גְדוֹלָ֑הgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
וַיִּ֖חַרand it burnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָרָה (H2734) 'and it burned'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
2

וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל אֶל יְהוָ֜ה וַיֹּאמַ֗ר אָנָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ הֲלוֹא זֶ֣ה דְבָרִ֗י עַד הֱיוֹתִי֙ עַל אַדְמָתִ֔י עַל כֵּ֥ן קִדַּ֖מְתִּי לִבְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה כִּ֣י יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ אֵֽל חַנּ֣וּן וְרַח֔וּם אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֨יִם֙ וְרַב חֶ֔סֶד וְנִחָ֖ם עַל הָרָעָֽה

And he prayed to YHWH, and said, I pray you, O YHWH, not this my saying, when I was yet in my country? Therefore I fled before to Tarshish: for I knew that you a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and repentest you of the evil.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he prayed'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨לand he prayedconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · פָּלַל (H6419)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּלַל (H6419) 'and he prayed'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וַיֹּאמַ֗רand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אָנָּ֤הI prayparticle · אָנָּא (H577)Particle or relational elementאָנָּא (H577) 'I pray'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הֲלוֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
דְבָרִ֗יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הֱיוֹתִי֙and it happenedQal inf constr + sfx 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
אַדְמָתִ֔יthe groundN c · אֲדָמָה (H127)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'the ground'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֥ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
קִדַּ֖מְתִּיthey metPiel perf 1cs · קָדַם (H6923)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָדַם (H6923) 'they met'.
לִבְרֹ֣חַto pass throughprep + Qal inf constr · בָּרַח (H1272)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּרַח (H1272) 'to pass through'.
תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁהand TarshishN · תַּרְשִׁישׁ (H8659)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּרְשִׁישׁ (H8659) 'and Tarshish'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָדַ֗עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אַתָּה֙youpron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
אֵֽלGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
חַנּ֣וּןgraciousAdj · חַנוּן (H2587)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַנוּן (H2587) 'gracious'.
וְרַח֔וּםcompassionateconj וְ + Adj · רַחוּם (H7349)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַחוּם (H7349) 'compassionate'.
אֶ֤רֶךְslowAdj · אָרֵךְ (H750)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָרֵךְ (H750) 'slow'.
אַפַּ֨יִם֙of anger/nostrilsN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'of anger/nostrils'.
וְרַבand numerousconj וְ + Adj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'and numerous'.
חֶ֔סֶדkindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
וְנִחָ֖םand was comfortedconj וְ + Niphal ptc ms · נָחַם (H5162)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָחַם (H5162) 'and was comforted'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הָרָעָֽהthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
3

וְעַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה קַח נָ֥א אֶת נַפְשִׁ֖י מִמֶּ֑נִּי כִּ֛י ט֥וֹב מוֹתִ֖י מֵחַיָּֽי

Therefore now, O YHWH, take, I beseech you, my life from me; for better for me to die than to live.

Imperative — volitional addresswə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'take'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְעַתָּ֣הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
קַחtakeQal impv 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלָקַח (H3947) 'take'.
נָ֥אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נַפְשִׁ֖יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
מִמֶּ֑נִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ט֥וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
מוֹתִ֖יmy deathN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'my death'.
מֵחַיָּֽיaliveprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
4

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה הַהֵיטֵ֖ב חָ֥רָה לָֽךְ

Then said YHWH, Doest you well to be angry?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הַהֵיטֵ֖בit may go wellinterrog. + Hiphil inf abs · יָטַב (H3190)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
חָ֥רָהhas it burnedQal perf 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרָה (H2734) 'has it burned'.
לָֽךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
5

וַיֵּצֵ֤א יוֹנָה֙ מִן הָעִ֔יר וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב מִקֶּ֣דֶם לָעִ֑יר וַיַּעַשׂ֩ ל֨וֹ שָׁ֜ם סֻכָּ֗ה וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב תַּחְתֶּ֨יהָ֙ בַּצֵּ֔ל עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִרְאֶ֔ה מַה יִּהְיֶ֖ה בָּעִֽיר

So Jonah went out of the city, and sat on the east side of the city, and there made him a booth, and sat under it in the shadow, till he might see what would become of the city.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֵּצֵ֤אand he went outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
יוֹנָה֙JonahN · יוֹנָה (H3124)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָה (H3124) 'Jonah'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הָעִ֔ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
וַיֵּ֖שֶׁבand he dweltconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and he dwelt'.
מִקֶּ֣דֶםeast ofprep + N com m sg abs · קֶדֶם (H6924)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶדֶם (H6924) 'east of'.
לָעִ֑ירthe cityprep + art + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
וַיַּעַשׂ֩and he madeconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and he made'.
ל֨וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
שָׁ֜םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
סֻכָּ֗הin boothsN c · סֻכָּה (H5521)Construct chain (genitival)סֻכָּה (H5521) 'in booths'.
וַיֵּ֤שֶׁבand he dweltconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and he dwelt'.
תַּחְתֶּ֨יהָ֙under itself (flat)prep + sfx 3fs · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under itself (flat)'.
בַּצֵּ֔לin the shadow ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · צֵל (H6738)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֵל (H6738) 'in the shadow of'.
עַ֚דuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יִרְאֶ֔הshall be seenQal impf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall be seen'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
יִּהְיֶ֖הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
בָּעִֽירin the cityprep + art + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'in the city'.
6

וַיְמַ֣ן יְהוָֽה אֱ֠לֹהִים קִיקָי֞וֹן וַיַּ֣עַל מֵעַ֣ל לְיוֹנָ֗ה לִֽהְי֥וֹת צֵל֙ עַל רֹאשׁ֔וֹ לְהַצִּ֥יל ל֖וֹ מֵרָֽעָת֑וֹ וַיִּשְׂמַ֥ח יוֹנָ֛ה עַל הַקִּֽיקָי֖וֹן שִׂמְחָ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה

And YHWH God prepared a gourd, and made to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shadow over his head, to deliver him from his grief. So Jonah was exceeding glad of the gourd.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'has counted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיְמַ֣ןhas countedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · מָנָה (H4487)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָנָה (H4487) 'has counted'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱ֠לֹהִיםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
קִיקָי֞וֹןgourdN c · קִיקָיוֹן (H7021)Construct chain (genitival)קִיקָיוֹן (H7021) 'gourd'.
וַיַּ֣עַלand he went upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלָה (H5927) 'and he went up'.
מֵעַ֣לfrom uponprep + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from upon'.
לְיוֹנָ֗הJonahprep + N proper · יוֹנָה (H3124)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָה (H3124) 'Jonah'.
לִֽהְי֥וֹתto beprep + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'.
צֵל֙in the shadow ofN c · צֵל (H6738)Construct chain (genitival)צֵל (H6738) 'in the shadow of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רֹאשׁ֔וֹhis headN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'his head'.
לְהַצִּ֥ילto rescueprep + Hiphil inf constr · נָצַל (H5337)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָצַל (H5337) 'to rescue'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
מֵרָֽעָת֑וֹthe evilprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
וַיִּשְׂמַ֥חand you shall rejoiceconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
יוֹנָ֛הJonahN · יוֹנָה (H3124)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָה (H3124) 'Jonah'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַקִּֽיקָי֖וֹןgourdart + N com m sg abs · קִיקָיוֹן (H7021)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיקָיוֹן (H7021) 'gourd'.
שִׂמְחָ֥הwith joyN c · שִׂמְחָה (H8057)Construct chain (genitival)שִׂמְחָה (H8057) 'with joy'.
גְדוֹלָֽהgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
7

וַיְמַ֤ן הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ תּוֹלַ֔עַת בַּעֲל֥וֹת הַשַּׁ֖חַר לַֽמָּחֳרָ֑ת וַתַּ֥ךְ אֶת הַקִּֽיקָי֖וֹן וַיִּיבָֽשׁ

But God prepared a worm when the morning rose the next day, and it smote the gourd that it withered.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'has counted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיְמַ֤ןhas countedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · מָנָה (H4487)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָנָה (H4487) 'has counted'.
הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙Godart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
תּוֹלַ֔עַתworm ofN c · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438) 'worm of'.
בַּעֲל֥וֹתat the coming up ofprep + Qal inf constr · עָלָה (H5927)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָלָה (H5927) 'at the coming up of'.
הַשַּׁ֖חַרthe dawnart + N com m sg abs · שַׁחַר (H7837)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁחַר (H7837) 'the dawn'.
לַֽמָּחֳרָ֑תon the next dayprep + art + N com f sg abs · מָחֳרָת (H4283)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָחֳרָת (H4283) 'on the next day'.
וַתַּ֥ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3fs · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַקִּֽיקָי֖וֹןgourdart + N com m sg abs · קִיקָיוֹן (H7021)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיקָיוֹן (H7021) 'gourd'.
וַיִּיבָֽשׁwas dryconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָבֵשׁ (H3001)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָבֵשׁ (H3001) 'was dry'.
8

וַיְהִ֣י כִּזְרֹ֣חַ הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ וַיְמַ֨ן אֱלֹהִ֜ים ר֤וּחַ קָדִים֙ חֲרִישִׁ֔ית וַתַּ֥ךְ הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עַל רֹ֥אשׁ יוֹנָ֖ה וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת נַפְשׁוֹ֙ לָמ֔וּת וַיֹּ֕אמֶר ט֥וֹב מוֹתִ֖י מֵחַיָּֽי

And it came to pass, when the sun did arise, that God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wished in himself to die, and said, better for me to die than to live.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיְהִ֣יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
כִּזְרֹ֣חַand he dawnedprep + Qal inf constr · זָרַח (H2224)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementזָרַח (H2224) 'and he dawned'.
הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
וַיְמַ֨ןhas countedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · מָנָה (H4487)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָנָה (H4487) 'has counted'.
אֱלֹהִ֜יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
ר֤וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
קָדִים֙eastN c · קָדִים (H6921)Construct chain (genitival)קָדִים (H6921) 'east'.
חֲרִישִׁ֔יתvehementAdj · חֲרִישִׁי (H2759)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲרִישִׁי (H2759) 'vehement'.
וַתַּ֥ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רֹ֥אשׁthe head ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
יוֹנָ֖הJonahN · יוֹנָה (H3124)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָה (H3124) 'Jonah'.
וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ףand wrapped herselfconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · עָלַף (H5968)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָלַף (H5968) 'and wrapped herself'.
וַיִּשְׁאַ֤לand he askedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁאַל (H7592) 'and he asked'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נַפְשׁוֹ֙his soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
לָמ֔וּתto dieprep + Qal inf constr · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
ט֥וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
מוֹתִ֖יand he diedN c · מוּת (H4191)Construct chain (genitival)מוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
מֵחַיָּֽיaliveprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
9

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל יוֹנָ֔ה הַהֵיטֵ֥ב חָרָֽה לְךָ֖ עַל הַקִּֽיקָי֑וֹן וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הֵיטֵ֥ב חָֽרָה לִ֖י עַד מָֽוֶת

And God said to Jonah, Doest you well to be angry for the gourd? And he said, I do well to be angry, to death.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֱלֹהִים֙GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יוֹנָ֔הJonahN · יוֹנָה (H3124)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָה (H3124) 'Jonah'.
הַהֵיטֵ֥בit may go wellinterrog. + Hiphil inf abs · יָטַב (H3190)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionיָטַב (H3190) 'it may go well'.
חָרָֽהhas it burnedQal perf 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרָה (H2734) 'has it burned'.
לְךָ֖to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַקִּֽיקָי֑וֹןgourdart + N com m sg abs · קִיקָיוֹן (H7021)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיקָיוֹן (H7021) 'gourd'.
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הֵיטֵ֥בthoroughlyHiphil inf abs · יָטַב (H3190)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionיָטַב (H3190) 'thoroughly'.
חָֽרָהhas it burnedQal perf 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרָה (H2734) 'has it burned'.
לִ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
מָֽוֶתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
10

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אַתָּ֥ה חַ֨סְתָּ֙ עַל הַקִּ֣יקָי֔וֹן אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹא עָמַ֥לְתָּ בּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֣א גִדַּלְתּ֑וֹ שֶׁבִּן לַ֥יְלָה הָיָ֖ה וּבִן לַ֥יְלָה אָבָֽד

Then said YHWH, You have had pity on the gourd, for the which you have not laboured, neither madest it grow; which came up in a night, and perished in a night:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אַתָּ֥הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
חַ֨סְתָּ֙shall pityQal perf 2ms · חוּס (H2347)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחוּס (H2347) 'shall pity'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַקִּ֣יקָי֔וֹןgourdart + N com m sg abs · קִיקָיוֹן (H7021)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיקָיוֹן (H7021) 'gourd'.
אֲשֶׁ֛רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
עָמַ֥לְתָּtoilQal perf 2ms · עָמַל (H5998)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָמַל (H5998) 'toil'.
בּ֖וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
גִדַּלְתּ֑וֹand he grewPiel perf 2ms + sfx 3ms · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַל (H1431) 'and he grew'.
שֶׁבִּןson ofrel. שֶׁ + N com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
לַ֥יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
הָיָ֖הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
וּבִןand the son ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'and the son of'.
לַ֥יְלָהby nightN c · לַיְלָה (H3915)Construct chain (genitival)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'by night'.
אָבָֽדutterlyQal perf 3ms · אָבַד (H6)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבַד (H6) 'utterly'.
11

וַֽאֲנִי֙ לֹ֣א אָח֔וּס עַל נִינְוֵ֖ה הָעִ֣יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶשׁ בָּ֡הּ הַרְבֵּה֩ מִֽשְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה רִבּ֜וֹ אָדָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא יָדַע֙ בֵּין יְמִינ֣וֹ לִשְׂמֹאל֔וֹ וּבְהֵמָ֖ה רַבָּֽה

And should not I spare Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand; and much cattle?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall pity'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַֽאֲנִי֙and Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אָח֔וּסshall pityQal impf 1cs · חוּס (H2347)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחוּס (H2347) 'shall pity'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
נִינְוֵ֖הNinevehN · נִינְוֵה (H5210)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִינְוֵה (H5210) 'Nineveh'.
הָעִ֣ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
הַגְּדוֹלָ֑הgreatart + Adj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יֶשׁthere isadv. · יֵשׁ (H3426)Particle or relational elementיֵשׁ (H3426) 'there is'.
בָּ֡הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
הַרְבֵּה֩greatlyHiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
מִֽשְׁתֵּיםtwoprep + Adj c det · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה-teenAdj · עָשָׂר (H6240)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשָׂר (H6240) '-teen'.
רִבּ֜וֹgreat thingsAdj · רִבּוֹ (H7239)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִבּוֹ (H7239) 'great things'.
אָדָ֗םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדַע֙he knewQal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
בֵּיןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
יְמִינ֣וֹhis rightN c · יָמִין (H3225)Construct chain (genitival)יָמִין (H3225) 'his right'.
לִשְׂמֹאל֔וֹor leftprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · שְׂמֹאל (H8040)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂמֹאל (H8040) 'or left'.
וּבְהֵמָ֖הor beastprep + N com f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'or beast'.
רַבָּֽהgreatAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'great'.