Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 9ישעיהו 9

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Great light, shattered oppression, the royal child, endless Davidic peace, proud Ephraim, unrepented judgment, consuming wickedness, and fratricidal collapse join radiant promise to relentless sentence in one of Isaiah's sharpest oracles. The opening movement answers the gloom that closed Isaiah 8. A people walking in darkness suddenly see a great light, those dwelling in deep shadow receive shining upon them, and joy swells like harvest gladness and victory spoil. The oppression once laid upon shoulder and back is broken as in the day of Midian, and the very gear of war becomes fuel for fire. The center of promise is then gathered into the child given to the people: rule rests upon his shoulder, his throne is David's, his peace has no end, and the establishment of that kingdom in justice and righteousness is guaranteed by the zeal of YHWH of hosts. The light is therefore not vague encouragement. It is royal, covenantal, Davidic, and durable. Yet from verse 7 onward the oracle pivots into one of Isaiah's most relentless judgment sequences. The Lord has sent a word into Jacob, and Ephraim answers chastisement not with repentance but with civic pride: fallen bricks will be replaced with hewn stone, cut sycamores with cedars. Foreign enemies from east and west devour Israel, but the refrain insists that even this does not turn away divine anger. The people do not return to the one striking them, so YHWH cuts off head and tail, elder and false prophet, and the leaders who should guide instead swallow their people into ruin. The movement then intensifies further. Wickedness burns like fire, the land is scorched, brother does not spare brother, hunger becomes insatiable, and Manasseh and Ephraim devour one another before turning together against Judah. Messianic light and Davidic hope are thus bound to a northern judgment that keeps uncovering deeper layers of pride, false leadership, and self-consuming evil. The promise of the coming ruler shines most brightly precisely against a society that proves, under repeated blows, how dark it still is.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Seven linked movements shape the chapter: great light over the darkened people (vv. 1-2), the breaking of oppression and the burning of war-gear (vv. 3-4), the royal child and endless Davidic peace (vv. 5-6), the proud northern response to a fallen word and the first devouring blow (vv. 7-11), the continued failure to return together with the cutting off of head and tail (vv. 12-16), the land-scorching fire of wickedness (vv. 17-18), and the closing fratricidal hunger scene under the recurring refrain of unresolved wrath (vv. 19-20). Verses 1-6 are among Isaiah's best-known promise passages and require careful attention to imagery and numbering. In the MT, the chapter begins with the light oracle that follows the gloom-hinge of Isaiah 8, and translators should preserve that canonical continuity. Verse 1's 'people walking in darkness' and 'land of deep shadow' should remain vivid, because the chapter's promise is framed as illumination at the point of extremity. Verse 2's textual difficulty around לא/לו in the MT has a long history; the line is commonly understood in a positive sense of enlarged joy, and the translation should preserve the movement toward multiplied gladness before YHWH. Verses 3-6 should keep both battle imagery and royal theology explicit. Verse 3's breaking of yoke, shoulder staff, and oppressor's rod 'as in the day of Midian' should remain concrete and allusive; Gideon's victory supplies the logic of divine reversal. Verse 4's boot and bloodied garment imagery is cumulative and should retain the sense that war's very apparatus is being handed over to fire. In verse 5, the child and son language should remain plain and direct, and the long throne-name sequence should be preserved with dignity rather than paraphrastic flattening. Whether one construes the names as throne-titles or as a compressed series of predicates, the line clearly attributes extraordinary royal identity and function to the child. Verse 6's unending peace over David's throne and kingdom is equally important and should not lose either the dynastic or the juridical dimension: the kingdom is established and upheld in justice and righteousness. The final clause about the zeal of YHWH of hosts should remain active and forceful, because divine zeal is the guarantor of what human monarchy cannot produce by itself. Verses 7-20 are structured by recurring judgment and by the refrain 'In all this his anger has not turned back, and his hand is still stretched out,' which appears in verses 11, 16, and 20 here and should be kept exact because it carries the chapter's cadence. Verse 7's sent word falling upon Israel marks the pivot from promise to sentence. Verse 9's rebuilding boast should remain concrete in its contrast between bricks and hewn stone, sycamores and cedars; the point is defiant self-strengthening under chastisement. Verse 10's raising up of Rezin's adversaries and stirring of enemies should remain as divine action, since the chapter insists on YHWH's sovereignty over geopolitical pressure. Verse 12's failure to return to the smiting Lord exposes the moral center of the judgment sequence. Verses 13-20 then move through leadership collapse, total corruption, and self-consuming violence. Verse 13's 'head and tail, palm branch and reed' should remain pictorial, and verse 14 interprets those symbols through elder and false prophet. Verse 15's participles of leading astray and being swallowed up should stay sharp; bad guidance becomes communal destruction. Verse 16's refusal of pity toward young men, orphans, and widows is deliberately severe and should not be softened, because the whole society is described as profane and vile. Verse 17's wickedness burning like fire through brier, thorn, and forest thicket should remain highly visual, as should the rising columns of smoke. In verses 18-20 the people become food for fire, brother does not spare brother, and hunger drives them into grotesque self-devouring and mutual tribal predation. Translation should preserve the horror without euphemism. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as the chapter where royal light and peace are promised through the coming Davidic ruler even as the northern kingdom is shown answering divine blows with pride, false leadership, impenitence, and finally a fire of wickedness that consumes it from within. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

הָעָם֙ הַהֹלְכִ֣ים בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְ רָא֖וּ א֣וֹר גָּד֑וֹל יֹשְׁבֵי֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ צַלְמָ֔וֶת א֖וֹר נָגַ֥הּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם

The people the ones going in the dark saw light great the inhabitants of in the land of shadow of death light (en-) lighten upon them.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the ones going'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
הָעָם֙the peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
הַהֹלְכִ֣יםthe ones goingart + Qal ptc mp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'the ones going'.
בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְin the darkprep + art + N com m sg abs · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'in the dark'.
רָא֖וּsawQal perf 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'saw'.
א֣וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
גָּד֑וֹלgreatAdj · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great'.
יֹשְׁבֵי֙the inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
בְּאֶ֣רֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
צַלְמָ֔וֶתshadow of deathN c · צַלְמָוֶת (H6757)Construct chain (genitival)צַלְמָוֶת (H6757) 'shadow of death'.
א֖וֹרlightN c · אוֹר (H216)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
נָגַ֥הּ(en-) lightenQal perf 3ms · נָגַהּ (H5050)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָגַהּ (H5050) '(en-) lighten'.
עֲלֵיהֶֽםupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
2

הִרְבִּ֣יתָ הַגּ֔וֹי לא ל֖וֹ הִגְדַּ֣לְתָּ הַשִּׂמְחָ֑ה שָׂמְח֤וּ לְפָנֶ֨יךָ֙ כְּשִׂמְחַ֣ת בַּקָּצִ֔יר כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָגִ֖ילוּ בְּחַלְּקָ֥ם שָׁלָֽל

Greatly the nation not to him and he grew with joy and you shall rejoice before you with joy harvest of just as be glad shall be divided the spoil of.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'greatly'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הִרְבִּ֣יתָgreatlyHiphil perf 2ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
הַגּ֔וֹיthe nationart + N com m sg abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'the nation'.
לאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
הִגְדַּ֣לְתָּand he grewHiphil perf 2ms · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַל (H1431) 'and he grew'.
הַשִּׂמְחָ֑הwith joyart + N com f sg abs · שִׂמְחָה (H8057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׂמְחָה (H8057) 'with joy'.
שָׂמְח֤וּand you shall rejoiceQal perf 3cp · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
לְפָנֶ֨יךָ֙before youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before you'.
כְּשִׂמְחַ֣תwith joyprep + N com f sg constr · שִׂמְחָה (H8057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׂמְחָה (H8057) 'with joy'.
בַּקָּצִ֔ירharvest ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · קָצִיר (H7105)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָצִיר (H7105) 'harvest of'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֥רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
יָגִ֖ילוּbe gladQal impf 3mp · גִּיל (H1523)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגִּיל (H1523) 'be glad'.
בְּחַלְּקָ֥םshall be dividedprep + Piel inf constr + sfx 3mp · חָלַק (H2505)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָלַק (H2505) 'shall be divided'.
שָׁלָֽלthe spoil ofN c · שָׁלָל (H7998)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלָל (H7998) 'the spoil of'.
3

כִּ֣י אֶת עֹ֣ל סֻבֳּל֗וֹ וְאֵת֙ מַטֵּ֣ה שִׁכְמ֔וֹ שֵׁ֖בֶט הַנֹּגֵ֣שׂ בּ֑וֹ הַחִתֹּ֖תָ כְּי֥וֹם מִדְיָֽן

For a yoke of burden and the tribe of his shoulder the tribe of the taskmasters of in it be dismayed as this day Midian.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the taskmasters of'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עֹ֣לa yoke ofN c · עֹל (H5923)Construct chain (genitival)עֹל (H5923) 'a yoke of'.
סֻבֳּל֗וֹburdenN c · סֹבֶל (H5448)Construct chain (genitival)סֹבֶל (H5448) 'burden'.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
מַטֵּ֣הthe tribe ofN c · מַטֶּה (H4294)Construct chain (genitival)מַטֶּה (H4294) 'the tribe of'.
שִׁכְמ֔וֹhis shoulderN c · שְׁכֶם (H7926)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁכֶם (H7926) 'his shoulder'.
שֵׁ֖בֶטthe tribe ofN c · שֵׁבֶט (H7626)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁבֶט (H7626) 'the tribe of'.
הַנֹּגֵ֣שׂthe taskmasters ofart + Qal ptc ms · נָגַשׂ (H5065)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָגַשׂ (H5065) 'the taskmasters of'.
בּ֑וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
הַחִתֹּ֖תָbe dismayedHiphil perf 2ms · חָתַת (H2865)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָתַת (H2865) 'be dismayed'.
כְּי֥וֹםas this dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'as this day'.
מִדְיָֽןMidianN · מִדְיָן (H4080)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְיָן (H4080) 'Midian'.
4

כִּ֤י כָל סְאוֹן֙ סֹאֵ֣ן בְּרַ֔עַשׁ וְשִׂמְלָ֖ה מְגוֹלָלָ֣ה בְדָמִ֑ים וְהָיְתָ֥ה לִשְׂרֵפָ֖ה מַאֲכֹ֥לֶת אֵֽשׁ

For all battle warrior in and clothing roll the blood and it shall be thoroughly fuel fire.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'warrior'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
סְאוֹן֙battleN c · סְאוֹן (H5430)Construct chain (genitival)סְאוֹן (H5430) 'battle'.
סֹאֵ֣ןwarriorQal ptc ms · סָאַן (H5431)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָאַן (H5431) 'warrior'.
בְּרַ֔עַשׁinprep + N com m sg abs · רַעַשׁ (H7494)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַעַשׁ (H7494) 'in'.
וְשִׂמְלָ֖הand clothingconj וְ + N com f sg abs · שִׂמְלָה (H8071)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׂמְלָה (H8071) 'and clothing'.
מְגוֹלָלָ֣הrollPoal ptc fs · גָּלַל (H1556)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּלַל (H1556) 'roll'.
בְדָמִ֑יםthe bloodprep + N com m pl abs · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'the blood'.
וְהָיְתָ֥הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
לִשְׂרֵפָ֖הthoroughlyprep + N com f sg abs · שְׂרֵפָה (H8316)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂרֵפָה (H8316) 'thoroughly'.
מַאֲכֹ֥לֶתfuelN c · מַאֲכֹלֶת (H3980)Construct chain (genitival)מַאֲכֹלֶת (H3980) 'fuel'.
אֵֽשׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
5

כִּי יֶ֣לֶד יֻלַּד לָ֗נוּ בֵּ֚ן נִתַּן לָ֔נוּ וַתְּהִ֥י הַמִּשְׂרָ֖ה עַל שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וַיִּקְרָ֨א שְׁמ֜וֹ פֶּ֠לֶא יוֹעֵץ֙ אֵ֣ל גִּבּ֔וֹר אֲבִי עַ֖ד שַׂר שָׁלֽוֹם

For the child fathered to us son of is giving to us and there was government on his shoulder and he called his name wonder. let me advise you God mighty my father and ever. chief of peace.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'fathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יֶ֣לֶדthe childN c · יֶלֶד (H3206)Construct chain (genitival)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
יֻלַּדfatheredPual perf 3ms · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָלַד (H3205) 'fathered'.
לָ֗נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
בֵּ֚ןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
נִתַּןis givingN · נָתַן (H5414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
לָ֔נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
וַתְּהִ֥יand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
הַמִּשְׂרָ֖הgovernmentart + N com f sg abs · מִשְׂרָה (H4951)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׂרָה (H4951) 'government'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שִׁכְמ֑וֹhis shoulderN c · שְׁכֶם (H7926)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁכֶם (H7926) 'his shoulder'.
וַיִּקְרָ֨אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
שְׁמ֜וֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
פֶּ֠לֶאwonder.N c · פֶּלֶא (H6382)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּלֶא (H6382) 'wonder.'.
יוֹעֵץ֙let me advise youQal ptc ms · יָעַץ (H3289)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
אֵ֣לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
גִּבּ֔וֹרmightyAdj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
אֲבִיmy fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'my father'.
עַ֖דand ever.N c · עַד (H5703)Construct chain (genitival)עַד (H5703) 'and ever.'.
שַׂרchief ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
שָׁלֽוֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
6

לםרבה לְמַרְבֵּ֨ה הַמִּשְׂרָ֜ה וּלְשָׁל֣וֹם אֵֽין קֵ֗ץ עַל כִּסֵּ֤א דָוִד֙ וְעַל מַמְלַכְתּ֔וֹ לְהָכִ֤ין אֹתָהּ֙ וּֽלְסַעֲדָ֔הּ בְּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּבִצְדָקָ֑ה מֵעַתָּה֙ וְעַד עוֹלָ֔ם קִנְאַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת תַּעֲשֶׂה זֹּֽאת

To to government in peace there is not end of on the throne of David and on his kingdom ready it and refresh in judgment righteousness and now and to perpetuity of jealousy YHWH of troops you shall make this.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'ready'.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
לםרבהtoprep + N com m sg constr · מַרְבֶה (H4766)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַרְבֶה (H4766) 'to'.
לְמַרְבֵּ֨הtoprep + N com m sg constr · מַרְבֶה (H4766)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַרְבֶה (H4766) 'to'.
הַמִּשְׂרָ֜הgovernmentart + N com f sg abs · מִשְׂרָה (H4951)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׂרָה (H4951) 'government'.
וּלְשָׁל֣וֹםin peaceconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'in peace'.
אֵֽיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
קֵ֗ץend ofN c · קֵץ (H7093)Construct chain (genitival)קֵץ (H7093) 'end of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כִּסֵּ֤אthe throne ofN c · כִּסֵּא (H3678)Construct chain (genitival)כִּסֵּא (H3678) 'the throne of'.
דָוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
מַמְלַכְתּ֔וֹhis kingdomN c · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Construct chain (genitival)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'his kingdom'.
לְהָכִ֤יןreadyprep + Hiphil inf constr · כּוּן (H3559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכּוּן (H3559) 'ready'.
אֹתָהּ֙itobj marker + sfx 3fs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'it'.
וּֽלְסַעֲדָ֔הּand refreshconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3fs · סָעַד (H5582)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementסָעַד (H5582) 'and refresh'.
בְּמִשְׁפָּ֖טin judgmentprep + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'in judgment'.
וּבִצְדָקָ֑הrighteousnessconj וְ + prep + N com f sg abs · צְדָקָה (H6666)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'righteousness'.
מֵעַתָּה֙and nowprep + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
וְעַדand toconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'and to'.
עוֹלָ֔םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
קִנְאַ֛תof jealousyN c · קִנְאָה (H7068)Construct chain (genitival)קִנְאָה (H7068) 'of jealousy'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
תַּעֲשֶׂהyou shall makeQal impf 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you shall make'.
זֹּֽאתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
7

דָּבָ֛ר שָׁלַ֥ח אֲדֹנָ֖י בְּיַעֲקֹ֑ב וְנָפַ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל

The matter of let go my Lord in Jacob and ... perish in Israel.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'let go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
דָּבָ֛רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
שָׁלַ֥חlet goQal perf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'let go'.
אֲדֹנָ֖יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
בְּיַעֲקֹ֑בin Jacobprep + N proper · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'in Jacob'.
וְנָפַ֖לand ... perishconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Particle or relational elementנָפַל (H5307) 'and ... perish'.
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽלin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'in Israel'.
8

וְיָדְעוּ֙ הָעָ֣ם כֻּלּ֔וֹ אֶפְרַ֖יִם וְיוֹשֵׁ֣ב שֹׁמְר֑וֹן בְּגַאֲוָ֛ה וּבְגֹ֥דֶל לֵבָ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר

And they shall know the people all of it Ephraim and he settled Samaria and in his majesty his greatness the heart of saying.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he settled'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְיָדְעוּ֙and they shall knowconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Particle or relational elementיָדַע (H3045) 'and they shall know'.
הָעָ֣םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
כֻּלּ֔וֹall of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
אֶפְרַ֖יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
וְיוֹשֵׁ֣בand he settledconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and he settled'.
שֹׁמְר֑וֹןSamariaN · שֹׁמְרוֹן (H8111)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁמְרוֹן (H8111) 'Samaria'.
בְּגַאֲוָ֛הand in his majestyprep + N com f sg abs · גַּאֲוָה (H1346)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּאֲוָה (H1346) 'and in his majesty'.
וּבְגֹ֥דֶלhis greatnessconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · גֹּדֶל (H1433)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֹּדֶל (H1433) 'his greatness'.
לֵבָ֖בthe heart ofN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'the heart of'.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
9

לְבֵנִ֥ים נָפָ֖לוּ וְגָזִ֣ית נִבְנֶ֑ה שִׁקְמִ֣ים גֻּדָּ֔עוּ וַאֲרָזִ֖ים נַחֲלִֽיף

Bricks have fallen hewn stone let us build as / like you shall hew down cedar and changed.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'have fallen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
לְבֵנִ֥יםbricksN c · לְבֵנָה (H3843)Construct chain (genitival)לְבֵנָה (H3843) 'bricks'.
נָפָ֖לוּhave fallenQal perf 3cp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָפַל (H5307) 'have fallen'.
וְגָזִ֣יתhewn stoneconj וְ + N com f sg abs · גָּזִית (H1496)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּזִית (H1496) 'hewn stone'.
נִבְנֶ֑הlet us buildQal impf 1cp · בָּנָה (H1129)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּנָה (H1129) 'let us build'.
שִׁקְמִ֣יםas / likeN c · שִׁקְמָה (H8256)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁקְמָה (H8256) 'as / like'.
גֻּדָּ֔עוּyou shall hew downPual perf 3cp · גָּדַע (H1438)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַע (H1438) 'you shall hew down'.
וַאֲרָזִ֖יםcedarconj וְ + N com m pl abs · אֶרֶז (H730)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶז (H730) 'cedar'.
נַחֲלִֽיףand changedHiphil impf 1cp · חָלַף (H2498)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַף (H2498) 'and changed'.
10

וַיְשַׂגֵּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה אֶת צָרֵ֥י רְצִ֖ין עָלָ֑יו וְאֶת אֹיְבָ֖יו יְסַכְסֵֽךְ

Was too high YHWH narrow Rezin on it and his enemies covering.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'was too high'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיְשַׂגֵּ֧בwas too highconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׂגַב (H7682)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׂגַב (H7682) 'was too high'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
צָרֵ֥יnarrowN c · צַר (H6862)Construct chain (genitival)צַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
רְצִ֖יןRezinN · רְצִין (H7526)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְצִין (H7526) 'Rezin'.
עָלָ֑יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אֹיְבָ֖יוhis enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 3ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'his enemies'.
יְסַכְסֵֽךְcoveringl impf 3ms · סָכַךְ (H5526)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָכַךְ (H5526) 'covering'.
11

אֲרָ֣ם מִקֶּ֗דֶם וּפְלִשְׁתִּים֙ מֵֽאָח֔וֹר וַיֹּאכְל֥וּ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּכָל פֶּ֑ה בְּכָל זֹאת֙ לֹא שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה

Aram east of the Philistines backward and they ate Israel in all mouth in all this not return! his anger and still his hand outstretched.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they ate'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
אֲרָ֣םAramN · אֲרָם (H758)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲרָם (H758) 'Aram'.
מִקֶּ֗דֶםeast ofprep + N com m sg abs · קֶדֶם (H6924)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶדֶם (H6924) 'east of'.
וּפְלִשְׁתִּים֙the Philistinesconj וְ + N gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
מֵֽאָח֔וֹרbackwardprep + N com m sg abs · אָחוֹר (H268)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָחוֹר (H268) 'backward'.
וַיֹּאכְל֥וּand they ateconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'and they ate'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
פֶּ֑הmouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'mouth'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
זֹאת֙thisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁ֣בreturn!Qal perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'return!'.
אַפּ֔וֹhis angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'his anger'.
וְע֖וֹדand stillconj וְ + art · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'and still'.
יָד֥וֹhis handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
נְטוּיָֽהoutstretchedQal ptc fs · נָטָה (H5186)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטָה (H5186) 'outstretched'.
12

וְהָעָ֥ם לֹא שָׁ֖ב עַד הַמַּכֵּ֑הוּ וְאֶת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֹ֥א דָרָֽשׁוּ

And the people not return! until and he struck and YHWH of troops not I will require.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'return!'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְהָעָ֥םand the peopleconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'and the people'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁ֖בreturn!Qal perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'return!'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
הַמַּכֵּ֑הוּand he struckart + Hiphil ptc ms + sfx 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
דָרָֽשׁוּI will requireQal perf 3cp · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'I will require'.
13

וַיַּכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֗ל רֹ֧אשׁ וְזָנָ֛ב כִּפָּ֥ה וְאַגְמ֖וֹן י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד

And he cut off YHWH from Israel the head of as tail branch and day one.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he cut off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיַּכְרֵ֨תand he cut offconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּרַת (H3772) 'and he cut off'.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֗לfrom Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'from Israel'.
רֹ֧אשׁthe head ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
וְזָנָ֛בas tailconj וְ + N com m sg abs · זָנָב (H2180)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָנָב (H2180) 'as tail'.
כִּפָּ֥הbranchN c · כִּפָּה (H3712)Construct chain (genitival)כִּפָּה (H3712) 'branch'.
וְאַגְמ֖וֹןandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · אַגְמוֹן (H100)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַגְמוֹן (H100) 'and'.
י֥וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
אֶחָֽדoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
14

זָקֵ֥ן וּנְשׂוּא פָנִ֖ים ה֣וּא הָרֹ֑אשׁ וְנָבִ֥יא מֽוֹרֶה שֶּׁ֖קֶר ה֥וּא הַזָּנָֽב

Old lifts up face he the head a prophet and to teach falsehood he as tail.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'lifts up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
זָקֵ֥ןoldAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'old'.
וּנְשׂוּאlifts upconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
פָנִ֖יםfaceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'face'.
ה֣וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
הָרֹ֑אשׁthe headart + N com m sg abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head'.
וְנָבִ֥יאa prophetconj וְ + N com m sg abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'a prophet'.
מֽוֹרֶהand to teachHiphil ptc ms · יָרָה (H3384)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
שֶּׁ֖קֶרfalsehoodN c · שֶׁקֶר (H8267)Construct chain (genitival)שֶׁקֶר (H8267) 'falsehood'.
ה֥וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
הַזָּנָֽבas tailart + N com m sg abs · זָנָב (H2180)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָנָב (H2180) 'as tail'.
15

וַיִּֽהְי֛וּ מְאַשְּׁרֵ֥י הָֽעָם הַזֶּ֖ה מַתְעִ֑ים וּמְאֻשָּׁרָ֖יו מְבֻלָּעִֽים

And they were they will call me blessed the people this wandering they will call me blessed and it swallowed.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they were'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיִּֽהְי֛וּand they wereconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and they were'.
מְאַשְּׁרֵ֥יthey will call me blessedPiel ptc mp · אָשַׁר (H833)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָשַׁר (H833) 'they will call me blessed'.
הָֽעָםthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
הַזֶּ֖הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
מַתְעִ֑יםwanderingHiphil ptc mp · תָּעָה (H8582)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתָּעָה (H8582) 'wandering'.
וּמְאֻשָּׁרָ֖יוthey will call me blessedconj וְ + Pual ptc mp + sfx 3ms · אָשַׁר (H833)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָשַׁר (H833) 'they will call me blessed'.
מְבֻלָּעִֽיםand it swallowedPual ptc mp · בָּלַע (H1104)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּלַע (H1104) 'and it swallowed'.
16

עַל כֵּ֨ן עַל בַּחוּרָ֜יו לֹֽא יִשְׂמַ֣ח אֲדֹנָ֗י וְאֶת יְתֹמָ֤יו וְאֶת אַלְמְנֹתָיו֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔ם כִּ֤י כֻלּוֹ֙ חָנֵ֣ף וּמֵרַ֔ע וְכָל פֶּ֖ה דֹּבֵ֣ר נְבָלָ֑ה בְּכָל זֹאת֙ לֹא שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה

On so on young man not and you shall rejoice my Lord and and the orphan and a widow not and have compassion on you for all of it hypocrite and it was displeasing and all mouth speak an outrage in all this not return! his anger and still his hand outstretched.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall rejoice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֨ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בַּחוּרָ֜יוyoung manN c · בָּחוּר (H970)Construct chain (genitival)בָּחוּר (H970) 'young man'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִשְׂמַ֣חand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
אֲדֹנָ֗יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
יְתֹמָ֤יוand the orphanN c · יָתוֹם (H3490)Construct chain (genitival)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'and the orphan'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אַלְמְנֹתָיו֙a widowN c · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Construct chain (genitival)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'a widow'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יְרַחֵ֔םand have compassion on youPiel impf 3ms · רָחַם (H7355)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָחַם (H7355) 'and have compassion on you'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֻלּוֹ֙all of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
חָנֵ֣ףhypocriteAdj · חָנֵף (H2611)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָנֵף (H2611) 'hypocrite'.
וּמֵרַ֔עand it was displeasingconj וְ + Hiphil ptc ms · רָעַע (H7489)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
פֶּ֖הmouthN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'mouth'.
דֹּבֵ֣רspeakQal ptc ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
נְבָלָ֑הan outrageN c · נְבָלָה (H5039)Construct chain (genitival)נְבָלָה (H5039) 'an outrage'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
זֹאת֙thisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁ֣בreturn!Qal perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'return!'.
אַפּ֔וֹhis angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'his anger'.
וְע֖וֹדand stillconj וְ + art · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'and still'.
יָד֥וֹhis handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
נְטוּיָֽהoutstretchedQal ptc fs · נָטָה (H5186)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטָה (H5186) 'outstretched'.
17

כִּֽי בָעֲרָ֤ה כָאֵשׁ֙ רִשְׁעָ֔ה שָׁמִ֥יר וָשַׁ֖יִת תֹּאכֵ֑ל וַתִּצַּת֙ בְּסִֽבְכֵ֣י הַיַּ֔עַר וַיִּֽתְאַבְּכ֖וּ גֵּא֥וּת עָשָֽׁן

For it burned like fire his guilt adamant and you shall eat and they set on fire in the thicket into the forest and excellent things smoke of.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'it burned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בָעֲרָ֤הit burnedQal perf 3fs · בָּעַר (H1197)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּעַר (H1197) 'it burned'.
כָאֵשׁ֙like fireprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'like fire'.
רִשְׁעָ֔הhis guiltN c · רִשְׁעָה (H7564)Construct chain (genitival)רִשְׁעָה (H7564) 'his guilt'.
שָׁמִ֥ירadamantN c · שָׁמִיר (H8068)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמִיר (H8068) 'adamant'.
וָשַׁ֖יִתandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שַׁיִת (H7898)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁיִת (H7898) 'and'.
תֹּאכֵ֑לyou shall eatQal impf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
וַתִּצַּת֙and they set on fireconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · יָצַת (H3341)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצַת (H3341) 'and they set on fire'.
בְּסִֽבְכֵ֣יin the thicketprep + N com m pl constr · סְבַךְ (H5442)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סְבַךְ (H5442) 'in the thicket'.
הַיַּ֔עַרinto the forestart + N com m sg abs · יַעַר (H3293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעַר (H3293) 'into the forest'.
וַיִּֽתְאַבְּכ֖וּandconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3mp · אָבַךְ (H55)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָבַךְ (H55) 'and'.
גֵּא֥וּתexcellent thingsN c · גֵּאוּת (H1348)Construct chain (genitival)גֵּאוּת (H1348) 'excellent things'.
עָשָֽׁןsmoke ofN c · עָשָׁן (H6227)Construct chain (genitival)עָשָׁן (H6227) 'smoke of'.
18

בְּעֶבְרַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת נֶעְתַּ֣ם אָ֑רֶץ וַיְהִ֤י הָעָם֙ כְּמַאֲכֹ֣לֶת אֵ֔שׁ אִ֥ישׁ אֶל אָחִ֖יו לֹ֥א יַחְמֹֽלוּ

And their wrath YHWH of troops be darkened the land of and it happened the people as / like fire a man to his brothers not you shall spare.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
בְּעֶבְרַ֛תand their wrathprep + N com f sg constr · עֶבְרָה (H5678)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבְרָה (H5678) 'and their wrath'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
נֶעְתַּ֣םbe darkenedN · עָתַם (H6272)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָתַם (H6272) 'be darkened'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
וַיְהִ֤יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
הָעָם֙the peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
כְּמַאֲכֹ֣לֶתas / likeprep + N com f sg constr · מַאֲכֹלֶת (H3980)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַאֲכֹלֶת (H3980) 'as / like'.
אֵ֔שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אָחִ֖יוhis brothersN c · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251) 'his brothers'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַחְמֹֽלוּyou shall spareQal impf 3mp · חָמַל (H2550)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָמַל (H2550) 'you shall spare'.
19

וַיִּגְזֹ֤ר עַל יָמִין֙ וְרָעֵ֔ב וַיֹּ֥אכַל עַל שְׂמֹ֖אול וְלֹ֣א שָׂבֵ֑עוּ אִ֥ישׁ בְּשַׂר זְרֹע֖וֹ יֹאכֵֽלוּ

Cut down on right and he let you hunger and he ate on or left and not and be satisfied a man flesh the shoulder they shall be eaten.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'cut down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּגְזֹ֤רcut downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · גָּזַר (H1504)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּזַר (H1504) 'cut down'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יָמִין֙rightN c · יָמִין (H3225)Construct chain (genitival)יָמִין (H3225) 'right'.
וְרָעֵ֔בand he let you hungerconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · רָעֵב (H7456)Particle or relational elementרָעֵב (H7456) 'and he let you hunger'.
וַיֹּ֥אכַלand he ateconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'and he ate'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שְׂמֹ֖אולor leftN c · שְׂמֹאל (H8040)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂמֹאל (H8040) 'or left'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
שָׂבֵ֑עוּand be satisfiedQal perf 3cp · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
אִ֥ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
בְּשַׂרfleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
זְרֹע֖וֹthe shoulderN c · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Construct chain (genitival)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'the shoulder'.
יֹאכֵֽלוּthey shall be eatenQal impf 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'they shall be eaten'.
20

מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה אֶת אֶפְרַ֗יִם וְאֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ אֶת מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה יַחְדָּ֥ו הֵ֖מָּה עַל יְהוּדָ֑ה בְּכָל זֹאת֙ לֹא שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה

Manasseh Ephraim and Ephraim Manasseh together they on Judah in all this not return! his anger and still his hand outstretched.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'return!'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
מְנַשֶּׁ֣הManassehN · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519) 'Manasseh'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֶפְרַ֗יִםEphraimN · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
וְאֶפְרַ֨יִם֙and Ephraimconj וְ + N proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'and Ephraim'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מְנַשֶּׁ֔הManassehN · מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְנַשֶּׁה (H4519) 'Manasseh'.
יַחְדָּ֥וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
הֵ֖מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יְהוּדָ֑הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
זֹאת֙thisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁ֣בreturn!Qal perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'return!'.
אַפּ֔וֹhis angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'his anger'.
וְע֖וֹדand stillconj וְ + art · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'and still'.
יָד֥וֹhis handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
נְטוּיָֽהoutstretchedQal ptc fs · נָטָה (H5186)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטָה (H5186) 'outstretched'.