Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 55ישעיהו 55

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The thirsty summoned to free water, wine, and milk, the question about spending for what does not satisfy, the call to incline the ear and live under an everlasting covenant identified with the faithful mercies of David, the promise that nations once unknown will run toward the one glorified by the Holy One of Israel, the urgent command to seek YHWH while he is near, the call for the wicked and unjust man to abandon way and thought because God abundantly pardons, the declaration that divine thoughts and ways exceed human ones as heaven exceeds earth, the rain-and-snow comparison that makes YHWH's word effective and unfailing, and the closing vision of joyful exodus in which mountains sing, trees clap, and curse-growth is replaced by cypress and myrtle together make Isaiah 55 a chapter of invitation, repentance, and certain fulfillment that gathers the servant-shaped restoration into an openly offered covenant summons. It opens with abundance directed toward need. Everyone thirsty is called to the waters, and even the person without money is invited to buy and eat, to receive wine and milk without price. The paradox is deliberate: what cannot be secured by ordinary purchase is freely given by divine generosity. That invitation is sharpened by a question. Why spend silver for what is not bread or labor for what does not satisfy? The answer is not technique but listening. To hear YHWH is to eat what is good and delight in rich food, because life itself is tied to hearing the divine voice. From there the oracle names the gift more explicitly. The hearers are to come, listen, and live, and YHWH will cut an everlasting covenant with them, the faithful covenant mercies promised to David. David then functions not merely as memory but as pattern and witness to the nations. A people previously unknown will be summoned, and nations that did not know Zion's kingly line will run toward her because YHWH and the Holy One of Israel have glorified her. The oracle then turns from invitation to urgent response. YHWH is to be sought while he may be found and called upon while he is near. Wicked way and iniquitous thought must be abandoned so that return may be made to YHWH, whose mercy is not meager but multiplied in pardon. The reason this return is possible yet also unsettling lies in the divine-human disproportion. YHWH's thoughts are not human thoughts, nor his ways human ways; they stand above them as heavens stand above earth. That transcendence does not distance the promise from history. Instead it guarantees effectiveness. Rain and snow come down, water the earth, make it fruitful, and provide seed and bread; so YHWH's word goes out and does not return empty, but accomplishes what he desires and succeeds in the purpose for which he sent it. The closing picture therefore joins certainty and joy. The people go out with gladness and are led with peace, while mountains and hills break into song and the trees clap their hands. Thorn and briar give way to cypress and myrtle, and the transformation itself becomes an everlasting sign bearing YHWH's name. Taken together, free provision, covenant hearing, Davidic outreach, urgent repentance, transcendent yet effective speech, and creation-wide rejoicing form a chapter where the saving future is not merely described but publicly offered, and where YHWH's word guarantees that those who return will find pardon, peace, and a remade world.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Six linked movements shape the chapter: the thirsty and moneyless are invited to free, satisfying provision (vv. 1-2), the hearers are called to life under an everlasting covenant identified with the faithful mercies of David and widened toward nations (vv. 3-5), YHWH is to be sought while near and the wicked are called to abandon way and thought because God abundantly pardons (vv. 6-7), divine thoughts and ways are declared higher than human ones as heaven is above earth (vv. 8-9), the rain-and-snow comparison explains why YHWH's word always accomplishes its purpose (vv. 10-11), and the chapter closes with a joyful exodus in which creation rejoices and curse-growth is replaced by restorative vegetation as an everlasting sign (vv. 12-13). Verses 1-2 should preserve both the generosity and the paradox of the opening summons. The thirsty are called to water, the moneyless to buy and eat, and wine and milk are received without silver or price. Verse 2's question about spending for what is not bread and laboring for what does not satisfy should remain sharp, because the chapter opposes futile human expenditure with free divine sufficiency. The commands to listen and eat what is good should also retain their fusion of hearing and nourishment. Verses 3-5 connect that nourishment to covenant and mission. The hearers are to incline the ear, come, listen, and live, and YHWH will make an everlasting covenant with them, the faithful mercies of David. The David language should remain explicit rather than generalized away, because it grounds the covenant historically while extending it outward. Verse 4 identifies David as witness, leader, and commander for peoples, and verse 5 should preserve the surprise that nations previously unknown will run because of YHWH's glorifying action. Verses 6-7 are among the chapter's most urgent imperatives and should keep that urgency. YHWH must be sought while he may be found and called upon while near. The wicked person's way and the unjust man's thoughts should both be named, because the call reaches conduct and imagination alike. The promise of mercy and abundant pardon should remain lavish rather than minimal. Verses 8-9 explain that promise by contrasting divine and human perspective. The difference between thoughts and ways should stay parallel, and the heaven-earth comparison should remain maximal, because transcendence here supports trust rather than abstraction. Verses 10-11 then ground the certainty of fulfillment in an agricultural image. Rain and snow descend, do not return without watering, and produce seed and bread; YHWH's word likewise goes out and does not return empty. The verbs of accomplishing and prospering should remain strong, because the chapter presents divine speech as effective mission. Verses 12-13 conclude with one of Isaiah's most celebratory restoration scenes and should preserve its breadth. The people go out in joy and are led in peace, mountains and hills break forth into song, and trees clap their hands. The replacement of thorn with cypress and brier with myrtle should remain concrete, because the imagery signals a reversal of curse and desolation. The final line should stay explicit that this transformed world becomes for YHWH a name, an everlasting sign that will not be cut off. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as a chapter where free covenant invitation, repentance, divine transcendence, and the unfailing efficacy of YHWH's word converge to promise a joyful, creation-wide restoration for those who hear and return. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

ה֤וֹי כָּל צָמֵא֙ לְכ֣וּ לַמַּ֔יִם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין ל֖וֹ כָּ֑סֶף לְכ֤וּ שִׁבְרוּ֙ וֶֽאֱכֹ֔לוּ וּלְכ֣וּ שִׁבְר֗וּ בְּלוֹא כֶ֛סֶף וּבְל֥וֹא מְחִ֖יר יַ֥יִן וְחָלָֽב

Ho, every one that thirsteth, come you to the waters, and he that has no money; come you, buy, and eat; yea, come, buy wine and milk without money and without price.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'go'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ה֤וֹיahparticle · הוֹי (H1945)Particle or relational elementהוֹי (H1945) 'ah'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
צָמֵא֙the dry/thirstyAdj · צָמֵא (H6771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָמֵא (H6771) 'the dry/thirsty'.
לְכ֣וּgoQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'go'.
לַמַּ֔יִםfor waterprep + art + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'for water'.
וַאֲשֶׁ֥רand whoconj וְ + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and who'.
אֵֽיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
כָּ֑סֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
לְכ֤וּgoQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'go'.
שִׁבְרוּ֙buy grain!Qal impv 2mp · שָׁבַר (H7666)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁבַר (H7666) 'buy grain!'.
וֶֽאֱכֹ֔לוּand they shall eatconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָכַל (H398) 'and they shall eat'.
וּלְכ֣וּand goconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and go'.
שִׁבְר֗וּbuy grain!Qal impv 2mp · שָׁבַר (H7666)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁבַר (H7666) 'buy grain!'.
בְּלוֹאnotprep + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
כֶ֛סֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
וּבְל֥וֹאnotconj וְ + prep + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
מְחִ֖ירor the price ofN c · מְחִיר (H4242)Construct chain (genitival)מְחִיר (H4242) 'or the price of'.
יַ֥יִןwineN c · יַיִן (H3196)Construct chain (genitival)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'.
וְחָלָֽבand milk ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חָלָב (H2461)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָב (H2461) 'and milk of'.
2

לָ֤מָּה תִשְׁקְלוּ כֶ֨סֶף֙ בְּֽלוֹא לֶ֔חֶם וִיגִיעֲכֶ֖ם בְּל֣וֹא לְשָׂבְעָ֑ה שִׁמְע֨וּ שָׁמ֤וֹעַ אֵלַי֙ וְאִכְלוּ ט֔וֹב וְתִתְעַנַּ֥ג בַּדֶּ֖שֶׁן נַפְשְׁכֶֽם

Wherefore do you spend money for not bread? and your labour for satisfieth not? hearken diligently to me, and eat you good, and let your soul delight itself in fatness.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall weigh out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
לָ֤מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
תִשְׁקְלוּhe shall weigh outQal impf 2mp · שָקַל (H8254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָקַל (H8254) 'he shall weigh out'.
כֶ֨סֶף֙silverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
בְּֽלוֹאnotprep + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לֶ֔חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
וִיגִיעֲכֶ֖םyour laborconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 2mp · יְגִיעַ (H3018)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְגִיעַ (H3018) 'your labor'.
בְּל֣וֹאnotprep + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לְשָׂבְעָ֑הtoprep + N com f sg abs · שׇׂבְעָה (H7654)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׇׂבְעָה (H7654) 'to'.
שִׁמְע֨וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
שָׁמ֤וֹעַdiligentlyQal inf abs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionשָׁמַע (H8085) 'diligently'.
אֵלַי֙to meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
וְאִכְלוּand they shall eatconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָכַל (H398) 'and they shall eat'.
ט֔וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
וְתִתְעַנַּ֥גfrom delicatenessconj וְ + Hithpael impf 3fs · עָנַג (H6026)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָנַג (H6026) 'from delicateness'.
בַּדֶּ֖שֶׁןthe fatty ashesprep + art + N com m sg abs · דֶּשֶׁן (H1880)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּשֶׁן (H1880) 'the fatty ashes'.
נַפְשְׁכֶֽםyour soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
3

הַטּ֤וּ אָזְנְכֶם֙ וּלְכ֣וּ אֵלַ֔י שִׁמְע֖וּ וּתְחִ֣י נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וְאֶכְרְתָ֤ה לָכֶם֙ בְּרִ֣ית עוֹלָ֔ם חַֽסְדֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד הַנֶּאֱמָנִֽים

Incline your ear, and come to me: hear, and your soul shall live; and I will make an everlasting covenant with you, the sure mercies of David.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'stretch out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הַטּ֤וּstretch outHiphil impv 2mp · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
אָזְנְכֶם֙in the ears ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
וּלְכ֣וּand goconj וְ + Qal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and go'.
אֵלַ֔יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
שִׁמְע֖וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
וּתְחִ֣יthat my life may liveconj וְ + Qal jussive 3fs · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalחָיָה (H2421) 'that my life may live'.
נַפְשְׁכֶ֑םyour soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'your soul'.
וְאֶכְרְתָ֤הshall be cut offconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cs · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalכָּרַת (H3772) 'shall be cut off'.
לָכֶם֙to youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
בְּרִ֣יתthe covenant ofN c · בְּרִית (H1285)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִית (H1285) 'the covenant of'.
עוֹלָ֔םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
חַֽסְדֵ֥יkindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
דָוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
הַנֶּאֱמָנִֽיםfaithfulart + Niphal ptc mp · אָמַן (H539)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
4

הֵ֛ן עֵ֥ד לְאוּמִּ֖ים נְתַתִּ֑יו נָגִ֥יד וּמְצַוֵּ֖ה לְאֻמִּֽים

Behold, I have given him a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have given it'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הֵ֛ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
עֵ֥דa witnessN c · עֵד (H5707)Construct chain (genitival)עֵד (H5707) 'a witness'.
לְאוּמִּ֖יםpeoplesN c · לְאֹם (H3816)Construct chain (genitival)לְאֹם (H3816) 'peoples'.
נְתַתִּ֑יוI have given itQal perf 1cs + sfx 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'I have given it'.
נָגִ֥ידtoN c · נָגִיד (H5057)Construct chain (genitival)נָגִיד (H5057) 'to'.
וּמְצַוֵּ֖הcommandedconj וְ + Piel ptc ms · צִוָּה (H6680)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצִוָּה (H6680) 'commanded'.
לְאֻמִּֽיםpeoplesN c · לְאֹם (H3816)Construct chain (genitival)לְאֹם (H3816) 'peoples'.
5

הֵ֣ן גּ֤וֹי לֹֽא תֵדַע֙ תִּקְרָ֔א וְג֥וֹי לֹֽא יְדָע֖וּךָ אֵלֶ֣יךָ יָר֑וּצוּ לְמַ֨עַן֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְלִקְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל כִּ֥י פֵאֲרָֽךְ

Behold, you shall call a nation you knowest not, and nations knew not you shall run to you because of YHWH your God, and for the Holy One of Israel; for he has glorified you.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you may know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
הֵ֣ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
גּ֤וֹיa nationN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'a nation'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תֵדַע֙you may knowQal impf 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'you may know'.
תִּקְרָ֔אyou shall readQal impf 2ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'you shall read'.
וְג֥וֹיand a nationconj וְ + N com m sg abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'and a nation'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יְדָע֖וּךָI knowQal perf 3cp + sfx 2ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
אֵלֶ֣יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
יָר֑וּצוּand he ranQal impf 3mp · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
לְמַ֨עַן֙so thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
וְלִקְד֥וֹשׁholyconj וְ + prep + Adj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
פֵאֲרָֽךְyou shall go over the boughs againPiel perf 3ms + sfx 2fs · פָּאַר (H6286)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּאַר (H6286) 'you shall go over the boughs again'.
6

דִּרְשׁ֥וּ יְהוָ֖ה בְּהִמָּצְא֑וֹ קְרָאֻ֖הוּ בִּֽהְיוֹת֥וֹ קָרֽוֹב

Seek you YHWH while he may be found, call you upon him while he is near:

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'I will require'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
דִּרְשׁ֥וּI will requireQal impv 2mp · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'I will require'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בְּהִמָּצְא֑וֹI have foundprep + Niphal inf constr + sfx 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
קְרָאֻ֖הוּand he calledQal impv 2mp + sfx 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
בִּֽהְיוֹת֥וֹand it happenedprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
קָרֽוֹבnearAdj · קָרוֹב (H7138)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרוֹב (H7138) 'near'.
7

יַעֲזֹ֤ב רָשָׁע֙ דַּרְכּ֔וֹ וְאִ֥ישׁ אָ֖וֶן מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֑יו וְיָשֹׁ֤ב אֶל יְהוָה֙ וִֽירַחֲמֵ֔הוּ וְאֶל אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ כִּֽי יַרְבֶּ֥ה לִסְלֽוֹחַ

Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts: and let him return to YHWH, and he will have mercy upon him; and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'leaves'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
יַעֲזֹ֤בleavesQal impf 3ms · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָזַב (H5800) 'leaves'.
רָשָׁע֙the wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
דַּרְכּ֔וֹhis journeyN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'his journey'.
וְאִ֥ישׁand a manconj וְ + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'and a man'.
אָ֖וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֑יוdesignsN c · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
וְיָשֹׁ֤בand he returnedconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וִֽירַחֲמֵ֔הוּand have compassion on youconj וְ + Piel impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · רָחַם (H7355)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָחַם (H7355) 'and have compassion on you'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יַרְבֶּ֥הhe shall multiplyHiphil impf 3ms · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבָה (H7235) 'he shall multiply'.
לִסְלֽוֹחַand he shall be forgivenprep + Qal inf constr · סָלַח (H5545)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementסָלַח (H5545) 'and he shall be forgiven'.
8

כִּ֣י לֹ֤א מַחְשְׁבוֹתַי֙ מַחְשְׁב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א דַרְכֵיכֶ֖ם דְּרָכָ֑י נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה

For my thoughts not your thoughts, neither your ways my ways, says YHWH.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
מַחְשְׁבוֹתַי֙designsN c · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
מַחְשְׁב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔םdesignsN c · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Construct chain (genitival)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
דַרְכֵיכֶ֖םyour roadsN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'your roads'.
דְּרָכָ֑יmy wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
נְאֻ֖םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
9

כִּֽי גָבְה֥וּ שָׁמַ֖יִם מֵאָ֑רֶץ כֵּ֣ן גָּבְה֤וּ דְרָכַי֙ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֔ם וּמַחְשְׁבֹתַ֖י מִמַּחְשְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽם

For the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
גָבְה֥וּandQal perf 3cp · גָּבַהּ (H1361)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּבַהּ (H1361) 'and'.
שָׁמַ֖יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
מֵאָ֑רֶץfrom the land ofprep + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'from the land of'.
כֵּ֣ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
גָּבְה֤וּandQal perf 3cp · גָּבַהּ (H1361)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּבַהּ (H1361) 'and'.
דְרָכַי֙my wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֔םon the wayprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2mp · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
וּמַחְשְׁבֹתַ֖יdesignsconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 1cs · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
מִמַּחְשְׁבֹתֵיכֶֽםdesignsprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 2mp · מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַחֲשָׁבָה (H4284) 'designs'.
10

כִּ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵרֵד֩ הַגֶּ֨שֶׁם וְהַשֶּׁ֜לֶג מִן הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וְשָׁ֨מָּה֙ לֹ֣א יָשׁ֔וּב כִּ֚י אִם הִרְוָ֣ה אֶת הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהוֹלִידָ֖הּ וְהִצְמִיחָ֑הּ וְנָ֤תַן זֶ֨רַע֙ לַזֹּרֵ֔עַ וְלֶ֖חֶם לָאֹכֵֽל

For as the rain cometh down, and the snow from heaven, and returneth not thither, but watereth the earth, and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it may give seed to the sower, and bread to the eater:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'it will come down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
כִּ֡יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
יֵרֵד֩it will come downQal impf 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרַד (H3381) 'it will come down'.
הַגֶּ֨שֶׁםthe rainart + N com m sg abs · גֶּשֶׁם (H1653)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּשֶׁם (H1653) 'the rain'.
וְהַשֶּׁ֜לֶגlike snowconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · שֶׁלֶג (H7950)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁלֶג (H7950) 'like snow'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הַשָּׁמַ֗יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
וְשָׁ֨מָּה֙but thereconj וְ + art + Sd · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'but there'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָשׁ֔וּבhe shall returnQal impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'he shall return'.
כִּ֚יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
הִרְוָ֣הbatheHiphil perf 3ms · רָוָה (H7301)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָוָה (H7301) 'bathe'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְהוֹלִידָ֖הּand he fatheredconj וְ + Hiphil q 3ms + sfx 3fs · יָלַד (H3205)Particle or relational elementיָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
וְהִצְמִיחָ֑הּsproutingconj וְ + Hiphil q 3ms + sfx 3fs · צָמַח (H6779)Particle or relational elementצָמַח (H6779) 'sprouting'.
וְנָ֤תַןand he shall putconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'and he shall put'.
זֶ֨רַע֙seedN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'.
לַזֹּרֵ֔עַyou shall sowprep + art + Qal ptc ms · זָרַע (H2232)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָרַע (H2232) 'you shall sow'.
וְלֶ֖חֶםand breadconj וְ + N com c sg abs · לֶחֶם (H3899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'and bread'.
לָאֹכֵֽלto eatprep + art + Qal ptc ms · אָכַל (H398)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'.
11

כֵּ֣ן יִֽהְיֶ֤ה דְבָרִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵצֵ֣א מִפִּ֔י לֹֽא יָשׁ֥וּב אֵלַ֖י רֵיקָ֑ם כִּ֤י אִם עָשָׂה֙ אֶת אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָפַ֔צְתִּי וְהִצְלִ֖יחַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר שְׁלַחְתִּֽיו

So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return to me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper whereto I sent it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
כֵּ֣ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יִֽהְיֶ֤הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
דְבָרִי֙the words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יֵצֵ֣אone going out (to)Qal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
מִפִּ֔יfrom the mouth ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'from the mouth of'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָשׁ֥וּבhe shall returnQal impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'he shall return'.
אֵלַ֖יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
רֵיקָ֑םempty-handedart · רֵיקָם (H7387)Particle or relational elementרֵיקָם (H7387) 'empty-handed'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
עָשָׂה֙he didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
חָפַ֔צְתִּיI do not desireQal perf 1cs · חָפֵץ (H2654)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָפֵץ (H2654) 'I do not desire'.
וְהִצְלִ֖יחַand make succeedconj וְ + Hiphil q 3ms · צָלַח (H6743)Particle or relational elementצָלַח (H6743) 'and make succeed'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
שְׁלַחְתִּֽיוand he sentQal perf 1cs + sfx 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
12

כִּֽי בְשִׂמְחָ֣ה תֵצֵ֔אוּ וּבְשָׁל֖וֹם תּֽוּבָל֑וּן הֶהָרִ֣ים וְהַגְּבָע֗וֹת יִפְצְח֤וּ לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ רִנָּ֔ה וְכָל עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה יִמְחֲאוּ כָֽף

For you shall go out with joy, and be led forth with peace: the mountains and the hills shall break forth before you into singing, and all the trees of the field shall clap hands.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall go out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בְשִׂמְחָ֣הwith joyprep + N com f sg abs · שִׂמְחָה (H8057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׂמְחָה (H8057) 'with joy'.
תֵצֵ֔אוּyou shall go outQal impf 2mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'you shall go out'.
וּבְשָׁל֖וֹםin peaceconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'in peace'.
תּֽוּבָל֑וּןbringHophal impf 2mp + Sn · יָבַל (H2986)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָבַל (H2986) 'bring'.
הֶהָרִ֣יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains'.
וְהַגְּבָע֗וֹתthe hills ofconj וְ + art + N com f pl abs · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
יִפְצְח֤וּbreak (forthQal impf 3mp · פָּצַח (H6476)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּצַח (H6476) 'break (forth'.
לִפְנֵיכֶם֙before youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before you'.
רִנָּ֔הcryN c · רִנָּה (H7440)Construct chain (genitival)רִנָּה (H7440) 'cry'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
עֲצֵ֥יwood ofN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood of'.
הַשָּׂדֶ֖הthe fieldart + N com m sg abs · שָׂדֶה (H7704)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂדֶה (H7704) 'the field'.
יִמְחֲאוּclapQal impf 3mp · מָחָא (H4222)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָחָא (H4222) 'clap'.
כָֽףa pan ofN c · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
13

תַּ֤חַת הַֽנַּעֲצוּץ֙ יַעֲלֶ֣ה בְר֔וֹשׁ תחת וְתַ֥חַת הַסִּרְפַּ֖ד יַעֲלֶ֣ה הֲדַ֑ס וְהָיָ֤ה לַֽיהוָה֙ לְשֵׁ֔ם לְא֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ם לֹ֥א יִכָּרֵֽת

Instead of the thorn shall come up the fir tree, and instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle tree: and it shall be to YHWH for a name, for an everlasting sign shall not be cut off.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall go up'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
תַּ֤חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַֽנַּעֲצוּץ֙thornart + N com m sg abs · נַעֲצוּץ (H5285)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעֲצוּץ (H5285) 'thorn'.
יַעֲלֶ֣הshall go upQal impf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'shall go up'.
בְר֔וֹשׁfirN c · בְּרוֹשׁ (H1265)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרוֹשׁ (H1265) 'fir'.
תחתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
וְתַ֥חַתand underconj וְ + prep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'and under'.
הַסִּרְפַּ֖דbrierart + N com m sg abs · סַרְפָּד (H5636)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סַרְפָּד (H5636) 'brier'.
יַעֲלֶ֣הshall go upQal impf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'shall go up'.
הֲדַ֑סmyrtleN c · הֲדַס (H1918)Construct chain (genitival)הֲדַס (H1918) 'myrtle'.
וְהָיָ֤הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
לַֽיהוָה֙to YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
לְשֵׁ֔םfor the name ofprep + N com m sg abs · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'for the name of'.
לְא֥וֹתas a signprep + N com c sg constr · אוֹת (H226)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹת (H226) 'as a sign'.
עוֹלָ֖םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִכָּרֵֽתshall be cut offN · כָּרַת (H3772)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּרַת (H3772) 'shall be cut off'.