Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 52ישעיהו 52

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Awake-awake imperatives to Zion and Jerusalem, the shaking off of dust and unfastening of captivity, redemption without silver, the memory of Egypt and Assyria as paradigms of oppressive seizure, YHWH's insistence that his blasphemed name will again be known by his people, the herald on the mountains announcing peace, good, salvation, and the reign of God, the watchmen and ruined places of Jerusalem breaking into song because YHWH returns and redeems, the summons to depart in purity as bearers of YHWH's vessels under a guarded exodus, and finally the startling turn to the servant who is exalted only after marred humiliation and whose effect reaches many nations together make Isaiah 52 a chapter of awakening, public redemption, and holy departure that opens directly into the servant vision of chapter 53. It opens with a doubled cry for Zion to wake and clothe herself with strength and beauty. Jerusalem is named the holy city again, and the promise that the uncircumcised and unclean will no longer invade her gives the dress imagery a covenantal and cultic edge. The next command deepens the reversal: the city is to shake herself from dust, rise, sit enthroned, and loose the bonds from her neck. Captivity is not denied; it is broken by summons. That summons is grounded in YHWH's own reading of Israel's history. The people were sold for nothing and will be redeemed without money. Egypt marked the first descent into oppressive sojourning, Assyria later crushed without right, and now YHWH asks what he has here when his people are taken for nothing and his name is constantly despised. Therefore the redemption to come is not merely social rescue. It is the moment when the people will know the divine name because the speaker himself will stand forth and say, Here I am. From there the poem turns outward into proclamation. A herald's feet are lovely on the mountains because he carries not vague inspiration but specific good news: peace, good, salvation, and the royal announcement that Zion's God reigns. The watchmen lift their voice together because they will see with their own eyes YHWH returning to Zion, and even Jerusalem's ruins are called to burst into song because comfort and redemption are arriving in public view. YHWH bares his holy arm before all nations, so the ends of the earth see the salvation of Israel's God. From there the poem shifts from announcement to procession. Those who bear YHWH's vessels must depart from impurity, but this departure will not look like a panicked flight. Unlike an escape driven by fear, the coming exodus is ordered by YHWH's presence before and behind his people. The final movement changes tone again and reaches beyond immediate restoration. YHWH's servant will act wisely and be lifted very high, yet the path to that exaltation passes through a disfigurement that astonishes the many who once recoiled. In turn, many nations and their kings are brought into silence before what they had never been told. Taken together, enthronement language, exodus language, heraldic joy, public redemption, cultic purity, and the servant's shocking exaltation form a chapter where Zion's restoration becomes the stage on which YHWH reveals his reign and prepares the reader for a deeper account of redemption through the servant.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Five linked movements shape the chapter: the wake-up call to Zion and Jerusalem as the holy city restored from dust and bonds (vv. 1-2), the declaration that Israel was sold for nothing and will be redeemed without money together with the recollection of Egypt and Assyria and the promise that YHWH's name will again be known (vv. 3-6), the heraldic good news, the watchmen's song, and the worldwide revelation of YHWH's saving arm (vv. 7-10), the command to depart in purity under YHWH's escort rather than in panic (vv. 11-12), and the servant's wise exaltation through marred suffering before the astonished nations (vv. 13-15). Verses 1-2 should preserve the density of imperatives. Zion must awake, clothe herself with strength, and Jerusalem with beautiful garments; the restoration is both royal and cultic, since the holy city will no longer be entered by the uncircumcised and unclean. Verse 2's commands to shake off dust, rise, sit, and loose the bonds of the neck should remain vivid and sequential, because humiliation is being reversed into enthronement. Verse 3 states the economic paradox sharply and should retain it: sold for nothing, redeemed not with silver. The point is not commercial negotiation but divine reclamation beyond ordinary ransom. Verses 4-6 interpret Israel's condition historically and theologically. Egypt is the first paradigm of oppressive descent, Assyria adds later gratuitous crushing, and verse 5's difficult rhetorical question should still communicate YHWH's protest that his people are taken for nothing while his name is continually despised. Verse 6 then gives the purpose: the people will know the divine name because the speaking God will stand forth in their midst. Verses 7-10 are among Isaiah's most famous proclamation lines and should preserve their public, audible character. The herald announces peace, good, salvation, and God's kingship to Zion; the watchmen raise their voice together because they see YHWH returning to Zion eye to eye; and even the ruins of Jerusalem are summoned to sing because YHWH has comforted and redeemed his people. Verse 10 should keep the image of YHWH baring his holy arm before the nations so that the ends of the earth see salvation. Verses 11-12 recast redemption as a new exodus and should be translated with care for purity and pace. The repeated departure command, the ban on touching the unclean thing, and the instruction to purify yourselves as bearers of YHWH's vessels all give the departure priestly seriousness. Yet verse 12 explicitly distinguishes this exodus from panicked flight: the people do not leave in haste or go by fleeing, because YHWH goes before them and the God of Israel gathers their rear guard. Verses 13-15 must retain the tension between exaltation and disfigurement that prepares the servant song. The servant acts wisely or prospers, and he is raised, lifted up, and made very high; yet many were appalled because his appearance was more marred than that of a man. Verse 15's verb is disputed in interpretation, but the line should preserve the effect on many nations and the stunned silence of kings. What they had never been told they now see, and what they had never heard they now understand. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as a chapter where Zion is awakened and enthroned, redemption is proclaimed as a new exodus under YHWH's reign, and the servant is introduced as the astonishing means by which that redemption will confront and silence the nations. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

עוּרִ֥י עוּרִ֛י לִבְשִׁ֥י עֻזֵּ֖ךְ צִיּ֑וֹן לִבְשִׁ֣י בִּגְדֵ֣י תִפְאַרְתֵּ֗ךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ עִ֣יר הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֣י לֹ֥א יוֹסִ֛יף יָבֹא בָ֥ךְ ע֖וֹד עָרֵ֥ל וְטָמֵֽא

Awake, awake; put on your strength, O Zion; put on your beautiful garments, O Jerusalem, the holy city: for henceforth there shall no more come into you the uncircumcised and the unclean.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'awake'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
עוּרִ֥יawakeQal impv 2fs · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
עוּרִ֛יawakeQal impv 2fs · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeעוּר (H5782) 'awake'.
לִבְשִׁ֥יand you shall clotheQal impv 2fs · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'and you shall clothe'.
עֻזֵּ֖ךְstrengthN c · עֹז (H5797)Construct chain (genitival)עֹז (H5797) 'strength'.
צִיּ֑וֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
לִבְשִׁ֣יand you shall clotheQal impv 2fs · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'and you shall clothe'.
בִּגְדֵ֣יthe garments ofN c · בֶּגֶד (H899)Construct chain (genitival)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'the garments of'.
תִפְאַרְתֵּ֗ךְyour gloryN c · תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597)Construct chain (genitival)תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597) 'your glory'.
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙JerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
עִ֣ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁthe sanctuaryart + N com m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'the sanctuary'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יוֹסִ֛יףhe will continueHiphil impf 3ms · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'he will continue'.
יָבֹאshall enterQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'shall enter'.
בָ֥ךְamong youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'among you'.
ע֖וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
עָרֵ֥לam uncircumcised ofAdj · עָרֵל (H6189)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָרֵל (H6189) 'am uncircumcised of'.
וְטָמֵֽאand 'Unclean'conj וְ + Adj · טָמֵא (H2931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָמֵא (H2931) 'and 'Unclean''.
2

הִתְנַעֲרִ֧י מֵעָפָ֛ר ק֥וּמִי שְּׁבִ֖י יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם התפתחו הִֽתְפַּתְּחִי֙ מוֹסְרֵ֣י צַוָּארֵ֔ךְ שְׁבִיָּ֖ה בַּת צִיּֽוֹן

Shake thyself from the dust; arise, sit down, O Jerusalem: loose thyself from the bands of your neck, O captive daughter of Zion.

Imperative — volitional addresswə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and shook off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
הִתְנַעֲרִ֧יand shook offHithpael impv 2fs · נָעַר (H5287)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָעַר (H5287) 'and shook off'.
מֵעָפָ֛רfrom the dust ofprep + N com m sg abs · עָפָר (H6083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָפָר (H6083) 'from the dust of'.
ק֥וּמִיarise!Qal impv 2fs · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeקוּם (H6965) 'arise!'.
שְּׁבִ֖יremain, dwellQal impv 2fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָשַׁב (H3427) 'remain, dwell'.
יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑םJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
התפתחוand he openedHithpael impv 2mp · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּתַח (H6605) 'and he opened'.
הִֽתְפַּתְּחִי֙and he openedHithpael impv 2fs · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּתַח (H6605) 'and he opened'.
מוֹסְרֵ֣יbandN c · מוֹסֵר (H4147)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹסֵר (H4147) 'band'.
צַוָּארֵ֔ךְyour neckN c · צַוָּאר (H6677)Construct chain (genitival)צַוָּאר (H6677) 'your neck'.
שְׁבִיָּ֖הinto captivityAdj · שְׁבִי (H7628)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁבִי (H7628) 'into captivity'.
בַּתdaughter ofN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
צִיּֽוֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
3

כִּֽי כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה חִנָּ֖ם נִמְכַּרְתֶּ֑ם וְלֹ֥א בְכֶ֖סֶף תִּגָּאֵֽלוּ

For thus says YHWH, You have sold yourselves for nought; and you shall be redeemed without money.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֹה֙thusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
חִנָּ֖םfor nothingart · חִנָּם (H2600)Particle or relational elementחִנָּם (H2600) 'for nothing'.
נִמְכַּרְתֶּ֑םand he sold themN · מָכַר (H4376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָכַר (H4376) 'and he sold them'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
בְכֶ֖סֶףfor silverprep + N com m sg abs · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'for silver'.
תִּגָּאֵֽלוּthe avenger ofN · גָּאַל (H1350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּאַל (H1350) 'the avenger of'.
4

כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה מִצְרַ֛יִם יָֽרַד עַמִּ֥י בָרִֽאשֹׁנָ֖ה לָג֣וּר שָׁ֑ם וְאַשּׁ֖וּר בְּאֶ֥פֶס עֲשָׁקֽוֹ

For thus says YHWH YHWH, My people went down aforetime into Egypt to sojourn there; and the Assyrian oppressed them without cause.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֹ֤הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַר֙he saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֔הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
מִצְרַ֛יִםEgyptN · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'.
יָֽרַדit will come downQal perf 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרַד (H3381) 'it will come down'.
עַמִּ֥יmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
בָרִֽאשֹׁנָ֖הfirstprep + art + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'first'.
לָג֣וּרto sojournprep + Qal inf constr · גּוּר (H1481)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementגּוּר (H1481) 'to sojourn'.
שָׁ֑םthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
וְאַשּׁ֖וּרand Asshurconj וְ + N proper · אַשּׁוּר (H804)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַשּׁוּר (H804) 'and Asshur'.
בְּאֶ֥פֶסthe ends ofprep + N com m sg abs · אֶפֶס (H657)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפֶס (H657) 'the ends of'.
עֲשָׁקֽוֹyou shall oppressQal perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · עָשַׁק (H6231)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשַׁק (H6231) 'you shall oppress'.
5

וְעַתָּ֤ה מי לי מַה לִּי פֹה֙ נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי לֻקַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י חִנָּ֑ם משלו מֹשְׁלָ֤יו יְהֵילִ֨ילוּ֙ נְאֻם יְהוָ֔ה וְתָמִ֥יד כָּל הַיּ֖וֹם שְׁמִ֥י מִנֹּאָֽץ

Now therefore, what have I here, says YHWH, that my people is taken away for nought? they that rule over them make them to howl, says YHWH; and my name continually every day blasphemed.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וְעַתָּ֤הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
מיwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
ליto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
לִּיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
פֹה֙hereart · פֹּה (H6311)Particle or relational elementפֹּה (H6311) 'here'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֻקַּ֥חhe tookPual perf 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'he took'.
עַמִּ֖יmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
חִנָּ֑םfor nothingart · חִנָּם (H2600)Particle or relational elementחִנָּם (H2600) 'for nothing'.
משלוrulingQal ptc ms + sfx 3ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
מֹשְׁלָ֤יוrulingQal ptc mp + sfx 3ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
יְהֵילִ֨ילוּ֙(make to) howlHiphil impf 3mp · יָלַל (H3213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָלַל (H3213) '(make to) howl'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְתָמִ֥ידcontinuallyconj וְ + N com m sg abs · תָּמִיד (H8548)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִיד (H8548) 'continually'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַיּ֖וֹםtodayart + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
שְׁמִ֥יmy nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'my name'.
מִנֹּאָֽץhave despisedHithpolel ptc ms · נָאַץ (H5006)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָאַץ (H5006) 'have despised'.
6

לָכֵ֛ן יֵדַ֥ע עַמִּ֖י שְׁמִ֑י לָכֵן֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כִּֽי אֲנִי ה֥וּא הַֽמְדַבֵּ֖ר הִנֵּֽנִי

Therefore my people shall know my name: therefore in that day that I he that does speak: behold, I.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he knew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
לָכֵ֛ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
יֵדַ֥עhe knewQal impf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
עַמִּ֖יmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
שְׁמִ֑יmy nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'my name'.
לָכֵן֙thereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֔וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲנִיIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
ה֥וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
הַֽמְדַבֵּ֖רthe one speakingart + Piel ptc ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'the one speaking'.
הִנֵּֽנִיbehold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
7

מַה נָּאו֨וּ עַל הֶהָרִ֜ים רַגְלֵ֣י מְבַשֵּׂ֗ר מַשְׁמִ֧יעַ שָׁל֛וֹם מְבַשֵּׂ֥ר ט֖וֹב מַשְׁמִ֣יעַ יְשׁוּעָ֑ה אֹמֵ֥ר לְצִיּ֖וֹן מָלַ֥ךְ אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ

How beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace; that bringeth good tidings of good, that publisheth salvation; that says to Zion, Your God reigneth!

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'be beautiful'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
נָּאו֨וּbe beautifulQal perf 3cp · נָאָה (H4998)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָאָה (H4998) 'be beautiful'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הֶהָרִ֜יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains'.
רַגְלֵ֣יthe feet ofN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'the feet of'.
מְבַשֵּׂ֗רtoPiel ptc ms · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
מַשְׁמִ֧יעַand he heardHiphil ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
שָׁל֛וֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
מְבַשֵּׂ֥רtoPiel ptc ms · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
ט֖וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
מַשְׁמִ֣יעַand he heardHiphil ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
יְשׁוּעָ֑הhis salvationN c · יְשׁוּעָה (H3444)Construct chain (genitival)יְשׁוּעָה (H3444) 'his salvation'.
אֹמֵ֥רhe saidQal ptc ms · אָמַר (H559)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
לְצִיּ֖וֹןZionprep + N proper · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
מָלַ֥ךְreignedQal perf 3ms · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלַךְ (H4427) 'reigned'.
אֱלֹהָֽיִךְyour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
8

ק֥וֹל צֹפַ֛יִךְ נָ֥שְׂאוּ ק֖וֹל יַחְדָּ֣ו יְרַנֵּ֑נוּ כִּ֣י עַ֤יִן בְּעַ֨יִן֙ יִרְא֔וּ בְּשׁ֥וּב יְהוָ֖ה צִיּֽוֹן

Your watchmen shall lift up the voice; with the voice together shall they sing: for they shall see eye to eye, when YHWH shall bring again Zion.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'may watch'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ק֥וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
צֹפַ֛יִךְmay watchQal ptc mp + sfx 2fs · צָפָה (H6822)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָפָה (H6822) 'may watch'.
נָ֥שְׂאוּlifted himQal perf 3cp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifted him'.
ק֖וֹלthe sound ofN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'the sound of'.
יַחְדָּ֣וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
יְרַנֵּ֑נוּshout for joyPiel impf 3mp · רָנַן (H7442)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָנַן (H7442) 'shout for joy'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עַ֤יִןeyeN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'eye'.
בְּעַ֨יִן֙for eyeprep + N com c sg abs · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'for eye'.
יִרְא֔וּshall they appearQal impf 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall they appear'.
בְּשׁ֥וּבand he returnedprep + Qal inf constr · שׁוּב (H7725)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צִיּֽוֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
9

פִּצְח֤וּ רַנְּנוּ֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו חָרְב֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם כִּֽי נִחַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ עַמּ֔וֹ גָּאַ֖ל יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם

Break forth into joy, sing together, you waste places of Jerusalem: for YHWH has comforted his people, he has redeemed Jerusalem.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'break (forth'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
פִּצְח֤וּbreak (forthQal impv 2mp · פָּצַח (H6476)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeפָּצַח (H6476) 'break (forth'.
רַנְּנוּ֙shout for joyPiel impv 2mp · רָנַן (H7442)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָנַן (H7442) 'shout for joy'.
יַחְדָּ֔וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
חָרְב֖וֹתa ruinN c · חָרְבָּה (H2723)Construct chain (genitival)חָרְבָּה (H2723) 'a ruin'.
יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑םJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִחַ֤םand was comfortedPiel perf 3ms · נָחַם (H5162)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָחַם (H5162) 'and was comforted'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עַמּ֔וֹhis peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'his people'.
גָּאַ֖לthe avenger ofQal perf 3ms · גָּאַל (H1350)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּאַל (H1350) 'the avenger of'.
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽםJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
10

חָשַׂ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶת זְר֣וֹעַ קָדְשׁ֔וֹ לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וְרָאוּ֙ כָּל אַפְסֵי אָ֔רֶץ אֵ֖ת יְשׁוּעַ֥ת אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ

YHWH has made bare his holy arm in the eyes of all the nations; and all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'make bare'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
חָשַׂ֤ףmake bareQal perf 3ms · חָשַׂף (H2834)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָשַׂף (H2834) 'make bare'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
זְר֣וֹעַthe armN c · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Construct chain (genitival)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'the arm'.
קָדְשׁ֔וֹholyN c · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Construct chain (genitival)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holy'.
לְעֵינֵ֖יbefore the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'before the eyes of'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַגּוֹיִ֑םthe nationsart + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'the nations'.
וְרָאוּ֙and they will seeconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Particle or relational elementרָאָה (H7200) 'and they will see'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אַפְסֵיthe ends ofN c · אֶפֶס (H657)Construct chain (genitival)אֶפֶס (H657) 'the ends of'.
אָ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
אֵ֖ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְשׁוּעַ֥תthe salvation ofN c · יְשׁוּעָה (H3444)Construct chain (genitival)יְשׁוּעָה (H3444) 'the salvation of'.
אֱלֹהֵֽינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.
11

ס֤וּרוּ ס֨וּרוּ֙ צְא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֔ם טָמֵ֖א אַל תִּגָּ֑עוּ צְא֣וּ מִתּוֹכָ֔הּ הִבָּ֕רוּ נֹשְׂאֵ֖י כְּלֵ֥י יְהוָֽה

Depart you, depart you, go you out from thence, touch no unclean ; go you out of the midst of her; be you clean, that bear the vessels of YHWH.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'turn aside'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ס֤וּרוּturn asideQal impv 2mp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסוּר (H5493) 'turn aside'.
ס֨וּרוּ֙turn asideQal impv 2mp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסוּר (H5493) 'turn aside'.
צְא֣וּgo outQal impv 2mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָצָא (H3318) 'go out'.
מִשָּׁ֔םfrom thereprep + art · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'from there'.
טָמֵ֖אuncleanAdj · טָמֵא (H2931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תִּגָּ֑עוּyou shall touchQal jussive 2mp · נָגַע (H5060)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָגַע (H5060) 'you shall touch'.
צְא֣וּgo outQal impv 2mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeיָצָא (H3318) 'go out'.
מִתּוֹכָ֔הּin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
הִבָּ֕רוּmake brightN · בָּרַר (H1305)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּרַר (H1305) 'make bright'.
נֹשְׂאֵ֖יthe bearers ofQal ptc mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'the bearers of'.
כְּלֵ֥יarticle ofN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'article of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
12

כִּ֣י לֹ֤א בְחִפָּזוֹן֙ תֵּצֵ֔אוּ וּבִמְנוּסָ֖ה לֹ֣א תֵלֵכ֑וּן כִּֽי הֹלֵ֤ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ יְהוָ֔ה וּמְאַסִּפְכֶ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

For you shall not go out with haste, nor go by flight: for YHWH will go before you; and the God of Israel your rereward.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall go out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
בְחִפָּזוֹן֙in hasteprep + N com m sg abs · חִפָּזוֹן (H2649)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִפָּזוֹן (H2649) 'in haste'.
תֵּצֵ֔אוּyou shall go outQal impf 2mp · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'you shall go out'.
וּבִמְנוּסָ֖הthe flight ofconj וְ + prep + N com f sg abs · מְנוּסָה (H4499)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְנוּסָה (H4499) 'the flight of'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תֵלֵכ֑וּןyou shall walkQal impf 2mp + Sn · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'you shall walk'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הֹלֵ֤ךְwentQal ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
לִפְנֵיכֶם֙before youprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before you'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּמְאַסִּפְכֶ֖םand he gatheredconj וְ + Piel ptc ms + sfx 2mp · אָסַף (H622)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָסַף (H622) 'and he gathered'.
אֱלֹהֵ֥יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
13

הִנֵּ֥ה יַשְׂכִּ֖יל עַבְדִּ֑י יָר֧וּם וְנִשָּׂ֛א וְגָבַ֖הּ מְאֹֽד

Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you may prosper'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הִנֵּ֥הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
יַשְׂכִּ֖ילyou may prosperHiphil impf 3ms · שָׂכַל (H7919)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂכַל (H7919) 'you may prosper'.
עַבְדִּ֑יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
יָר֧וּםand tallQal impf 3ms · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
וְנִשָּׂ֛אand he shall bearconj וְ + Niphal q 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Particle or relational elementנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and he shall bear'.
וְגָבַ֖הּandconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · גָּבַהּ (H1361)Particle or relational elementגָּבַהּ (H1361) 'and'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
14

כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁמְמ֤וּ עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ רַבִּ֔ים כֵּן מִשְׁחַ֥ת מֵאִ֖ישׁ מַרְאֵ֑הוּ וְתֹאֲר֖וֹ מִבְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם

As many were astonied at you; his visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and I will desolate'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כַּאֲשֶׁ֨רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
שָׁמְמ֤וּand I will desolateQal perf 3cp · שָׁמֵם (H8074)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמֵם (H8074) 'and I will desolate'.
עָלֶ֨יךָ֙upon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
רַבִּ֔יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
כֵּןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
מִשְׁחַ֥תtheir corruptionN c · מָשְׁחָת (H4893)Construct chain (genitival)מָשְׁחָת (H4893) 'their corruption'.
מֵאִ֖ישׁfrom manprep + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'from man'.
מַרְאֵ֑הוּits appearanceN c · מַרְאֶה (H4758)Construct chain (genitival)מַרְאֶה (H4758) 'its appearance'.
וְתֹאֲר֖וֹformconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · תֹּאַר (H8389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תֹּאַר (H8389) 'form'.
מִבְּנֵ֥יfrom the sons ofprep + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'from the sons of'.
אָדָֽםmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
15

כֵּ֤ן יַזֶּה֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים עָלָ֛יו יִקְפְּצ֥וּ מְלָכִ֖ים פִּיהֶ֑ם כִּ֠י אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא סֻפַּ֤ר לָהֶם֙ רָא֔וּ וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא שָׁמְע֖וּ הִתְבּוֹנָֽנוּ

So shall he sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their mouths at him: for which had not been told them shall they see; and which they had not heard shall they consider.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall sprinkle'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כֵּ֤ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יַזֶּה֙he shall sprinkleHiphil impf 3ms · נָזָה (H5137)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָזָה (H5137) 'he shall sprinkle'.
גּוֹיִ֣םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
רַבִּ֔יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
עָלָ֛יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
יִקְפְּצ֥וּshutQal impf 3mp · קָפַץ (H7092)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָפַץ (H7092) 'shut'.
מְלָכִ֖יםkingsN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings'.
פִּיהֶ֑םtheir wordN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'their word'.
כִּ֠יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
סֻפַּ֤רmay be declaredPual perf 3ms · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָפַר (H5608) 'may be declared'.
לָהֶם֙to themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
רָא֔וּsawQal perf 3cp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'saw'.
וַאֲשֶׁ֥רand whoconj וְ + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and who'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁמְע֖וּhis hearingQal perf 3cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
הִתְבּוֹנָֽנוּdiscerningHithpolel perf 3cp · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.