Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 50ישעיהו 50

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The challenge about a nonexistent divorce writ and an unpaid creditor, the insistence that Zion's estrangement came from her own sins rather than from divine inability, the servant's taught tongue and awakened ear, the offered back and cheeks before smiting and spitting, the confidence that the Lord YHWH helps and vindicates, and the final split between those who trust YHWH in darkness and those who walk by their own fire make Isaiah 50 a compact but searching chapter of covenant controversy, servant obedience, and moral decision. It opens with forensic questions. If Zion imagines herself dismissed like an unwanted wife, where is the document of divorce? If the children think they were sold away to satisfy some creditor, which creditor was that? The answer is immediate and severe: the exile came from Israel's own iniquities and transgressions. Divine abandonment is denied as the fundamental cause. Yet the chapter does not stop at guilt. It moves into a second question about response. Why, when YHWH came, was no one there? Why, when he called, was no one answering? The issue is not divine weakness. The hand is not too short to redeem, and there is no lack of power to deliver. Sea, rivers, fish, heavens, darkness, and sackcloth all remain under his rebuking command. The problem lies with the people who did not answer the divine summons. From there the chapter turns into one of Isaiah's most memorable servant speeches. The Lord YHWH gives a tongue of disciples so that the weary may be sustained with a word, and he awakens the servant morning by morning to hear like one taught. Crucially, the awakened ear does not recoil. The servant is not rebellious and does not turn backward. Instead he gives his back to strikers and his cheeks to pluckers; he does not hide his face from humiliation and spitting. This passage therefore links obedient hearing directly to suffering endurance. This is not passive resignation but disciplined fidelity rooted in confidence that the Lord YHWH helps. Because of that help the servant is not disgraced, sets his face like flint, and knows he will not be ashamed. Judicial language then returns. The one who justifies is near; accusers may stand together and bring their case, but they will wear out like a garment consumed by moth. The closing exhortation divides the hearers in two. Those who fear YHWH and listen to the voice of his servant may find themselves walking in darkness without visible light, yet they are told to trust in YHWH's name and lean on their God. Over against them stand those who kindle their own fire and gird themselves with sparks. They may walk by the light they have made, but that self-made brightness ends in sorrow and in lying down under pain from YHWH's hand. Taken together, the denial of divine abandonment, the exposure of Israel's own guilt, the servant's taught obedience under suffering, the nearness of divine vindication, and the contrast between God-trusting darkness and self-lit ruin form a chapter where hearing rightly becomes the decisive issue: whether one will answer the redeeming God, endure under his word, and trust his help, or instead fashion one's own light and receive only grief.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Four linked movements shape the chapter: YHWH denies that he divorced Zion or sold his children to a creditor and instead locates their estrangement in their own sins while challenging their failure to answer his redeeming summons and affirming his undiminished cosmic power (vv. 1-3), the servant speaks of receiving a disciple's tongue and awakened ear from the Lord YHWH in order to sustain the weary and obey without rebellion (vv. 4-5), the servant's obedience is shown in willing exposure to beating, plucking, humiliation, and spitting together with unshaken confidence that the Lord YHWH helps and vindicates him against every accuser (vv. 6-9), and the close addresses the hearers directly by contrasting those who fear YHWH and trust him in darkness with those who light their own fire and end in sorrow (vv. 10-11). Verses 1-3 should preserve the chapter's legal sharpness. The question about the certificate of divorce and the question about the creditor should remain plain, because both deny that YHWH has cast Zion off arbitrarily or sold her away under compulsion. The explanatory line that exile came through Israel's iniquities and transgressions must stay direct. Verse 2 then turns the issue from cause to response: YHWH came and called, but no one answered. The rhetorical question about whether his hand has become too short to redeem should preserve the contrast between divine ability and human refusal. Verses 2-3 end with creator-exodus power imagery - drying sea, making rivers wilderness, darkening heavens - and should keep that sweep visible. Verses 4-5 are central for the servant material and should be translated with care for both pedagogy and obedience. The servant receives a tongue of disciples or the learned in order to know how to sustain the weary with a word, and the repeated morning-by-morning awakening of the ear should remain rhythmic. Verse 5's refusal to rebel or turn back is the hinge into the suffering that follows. Verses 6-9 should preserve both concreteness and confidence. The servant gives back, cheeks, and face to abuse, yet the repeated line that the Lord YHWH helps him means disgrace and shame do not have the final word. Verse 7's set face like flint should remain vivid. Verses 8-9 move into lawsuit language, with the justifier near, opponents invited to stand and contend, and the final image of accusers wearing out like a moth-eaten garment. Verses 10-11 then transfer the chapter's issues to the hearers. Verse 10 should preserve the paradox of fearing YHWH and obeying the servant's voice while walking in darkness without brightness; the answer is trust in YHWH's name and reliance on God. Verse 11 then warns those who kindle their own fire and surround themselves with sparks. The line about walking by the light of their own fire should remain ironic, because it culminates in lying down in sorrow from YHWH's hand. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as a chapter where covenant estrangement is exposed as human fault rather than divine abandonment, the servant models obedient suffering under divine help, and the hearer is forced to choose between trusting God in darkness and manufacturing a light that ends in grief. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֣י זֶ֠ה סֵ֣פֶר כְּרִית֤וּת אִמְּכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שִׁלַּחְתִּ֔יהָ א֚וֹ מִ֣י מִנּוֹשַׁ֔י אֲשֶׁר מָכַ֥רְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם ל֑וֹ הֵ֤ן בַּעֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ נִמְכַּרְתֶּ֔ם וּבְפִשְׁעֵיכֶ֖ם שֻׁלְּחָ֥ה אִמְּכֶֽם

Thus says YHWH, Where the bill of your mother's divorcement, whom I have put away? or which of my creditors to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities have you sold yourselves, and for your transgressions is your mother put away.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
כֹּ֣הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֵ֣יwhereinterrog. · אֵי (H335)Particle or relational elementאֵי (H335) 'where'.
זֶ֠הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
סֵ֣פֶרthe book ofN c · סֵפֶר (H5612)Construct chain (genitival)סֵפֶר (H5612) 'the book of'.
כְּרִית֤וּתof cutting-offN c · כְּרִיתֻת (H3748)Construct chain (genitival)כְּרִיתֻת (H3748) 'of cutting-off'.
אִמְּכֶם֙his motherN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'his mother'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
שִׁלַּחְתִּ֔יהָand he sentPiel perf 1cs + sfx 3fs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
א֚וֹorconj וְ · אוֹ (H176)Particle or relational elementאוֹ (H176) 'or'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
מִנּוֹשַׁ֔יhe has lentprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · נָשָׁה (H5383)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׁה (H5383) 'he has lent'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
מָכַ֥רְתִּיand he sold themQal perf 1cs · מָכַר (H4376)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָכַר (H4376) 'and he sold them'.
אֶתְכֶ֖םyouobj marker + sfx 2mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'you'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
הֵ֤ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
בַּעֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶם֙the iniquity ofprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 2mp · עָוֹן (H5771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
נִמְכַּרְתֶּ֔םand he sold themN · מָכַר (H4376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָכַר (H4376) 'and he sold them'.
וּבְפִשְׁעֵיכֶ֖םand transgressionconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr + sfx 2mp · פֶשַע (H6588)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶשַע (H6588) 'and transgression'.
שֻׁלְּחָ֥הto divorce herPual perf 3fs · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁלַח (H7971) 'to divorce her'.
אִמְּכֶֽםhis motherN c · אֵם (H517)Construct chain (genitival)אֵם (H517) 'his mother'.
2

מַדּ֨וּעַ בָּ֜אתִי וְאֵ֣ין אִ֗ישׁ קָרָֽאתִי֮ וְאֵ֣ין עוֹנֶה֒ הֲקָצ֨וֹר קָצְרָ֤ה יָדִי֙ מִפְּד֔וּת וְאִם אֵֽין בִּ֥י כֹ֖חַ לְהַצִּ֑יל הֵ֣ן בְּגַעֲרָתִ֞י אַחֲרִ֣יב יָ֗ם אָשִׂ֤ים נְהָרוֹת֙ מִדְבָּ֔ר תִּבְאַ֤שׁ דְּגָתָם֙ מֵאֵ֣ין מַ֔יִם וְתָמֹ֖ת בַּצָּמָֽא

Wherefore, when I came, no man? when I called, none to answer? Is my hand shortened at all, that it cannot redeem? or have I no power to deliver? behold, at my rebuke I dry up the sea, I make the rivers a wilderness: their fish stinketh, because no water, and dieth for thirst.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have come'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
מַדּ֨וּעַwhyinterrog. · מַדּוּעַ (H4069)Particle or relational elementמַדּוּעַ (H4069) 'why'.
בָּ֜אתִיI have comeQal perf 1cs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'I have come'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
אִ֗ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
קָרָֽאתִי֮I have calledQal perf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָרָא (H7121) 'I have called'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
עוֹנֶה֒and answeredQal ptc ms · עָנָה (H6030)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
הֲקָצ֨וֹרand it became impatientinterrog. + Qal inf abs · קָצַר (H7114)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionקָצַר (H7114) 'and it became impatient'.
קָצְרָ֤הand it became impatientQal perf 3fs · קָצַר (H7114)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָצַר (H7114) 'and it became impatient'.
יָדִי֙my handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
מִפְּד֔וּתa divisionprep + N com f sg abs · פְּדוּת (H6304)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּדוּת (H6304) 'a division'.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
אֵֽיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
בִּ֥יagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
כֹ֖חַpowerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'power'.
לְהַצִּ֑ילto rescueprep + Hiphil inf constr · נָצַל (H5337)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָצַל (H5337) 'to rescue'.
הֵ֣ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
בְּגַעֲרָתִ֞יinprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · גְּעָרָה (H1606)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּעָרָה (H1606) 'in'.
אַחֲרִ֣יבhad dried upHiphil impf 1cs · חָרַב (H2717)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַב (H2717) 'had dried up'.
יָ֗םsea ofN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'sea of'.
אָשִׂ֤יםputQal impf 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'put'.
נְהָרוֹת֙the riverN c · נָהָר (H5104)Construct chain (genitival)נָהָר (H5104) 'the river'.
מִדְבָּ֔רthe wilderness ofN c · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Construct chain (genitival)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'the wilderness of'.
תִּבְאַ֤שׁand it stankQal impf 3fs · בָּאַשׁ (H887)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּאַשׁ (H887) 'and it stank'.
דְּגָתָם֙and the fishN c · דָּגָה (H1710)Construct chain (genitival)דָּגָה (H1710) 'and the fish'.
מֵאֵ֣יןthere is notprep + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
מַ֔יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
וְתָמֹ֖תand she diedconj וְ + Qal impf 3fs · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'and she died'.
בַּצָּמָֽאwith thirstprep + art + N com m sg abs · צָמָא (H6772)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָמָא (H6772) 'with thirst'.
3

אַלְבִּ֥ישׁ שָׁמַ֖יִם קַדְר֑וּת וְשַׂ֖ק אָשִׂ֥ים כְּסוּתָֽם

I clothe the heavens with blackness, and I make sackcloth their covering.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall clothe'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אַלְבִּ֥ישׁand you shall clotheHiphil impf 1cs · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'and you shall clothe'.
שָׁמַ֖יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
קַדְר֑וּתblacknessN c · קַדְרוּת (H6940)Construct chain (genitival)קַדְרוּת (H6940) 'blackness'.
וְשַׂ֖קsackclothconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שַׂק (H8242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׂק (H8242) 'sackcloth'.
אָשִׂ֥יםputQal impf 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשִׂים (H7760) 'put'.
כְּסוּתָֽםyour covering-garmentN c · כְּסוּת (H3682)Construct chain (genitival)כְּסוּת (H3682) 'your covering-garment'.
4

אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה נָ֤תַן לִי֙ לְשׁ֣וֹן לִמּוּדִ֔ים לָדַ֛עַת לָע֥וּת אֶת יָעֵ֖ף דָּבָ֑ר יָעִ֣יר בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֗קֶר יָעִ֥יר לִי֙ אֹ֔זֶן לִשְׁמֹ֖עַ כַּלִּמּוּדִֽים

YHWH YHWH has given me the tongue of the learned, that I should know how to speak a word in season to weary: he wakeneth morning by morning, he wakeneth mine ear to hear as the learned.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'is giving'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהֹוִ֗הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
נָ֤תַןis givingQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
לִי֙to meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
לְשׁ֣וֹןtongueN c · לָשׁוֹן (H3956)Construct chain (genitival)לָשׁוֹן (H3956) 'tongue'.
לִמּוּדִ֔יםaccustomedAdj · לִמּוּד (H3928)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לִמּוּד (H3928) 'accustomed'.
לָדַ֛עַתto knowprep + Qal inf constr · יָדַע (H3045)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָדַע (H3045) 'to know'.
לָע֥וּתtoprep + Qal inf constr · עוּת (H5790)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעוּת (H5790) 'to'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יָעֵ֖ףfaintAdj · יָעֵף (H3287)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָעֵף (H3287) 'faint'.
דָּבָ֑רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יָעִ֣ירstirs upHiphil impf 3ms · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעוּר (H5782) 'stirs up'.
בַּבֹּ֣קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
בַּבֹּ֗קֶרin the morningprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'in the morning'.
יָעִ֥ירstirs upHiphil impf 3ms · עוּר (H5782)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעוּר (H5782) 'stirs up'.
לִי֙to meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
אֹ֔זֶןthe ear ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'the ear of'.
לִשְׁמֹ֖עַto hearprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear'.
כַּלִּמּוּדִֽיםas / likeprep + art + Adj · לִמּוּד (H3928)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לִמּוּד (H3928) 'as / like'.
5

אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ פָּתַֽח לִ֣י אֹ֔זֶן וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹ֣א מָרִ֑יתִי אָח֖וֹר לֹ֥א נְסוּגֹֽתִי

YHWH YHWH has opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious, neither turned away back.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'surely (open)'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
אֲדֹנָ֤יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִה֙YHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
פָּתַֽחsurely (open)Qal perf 3ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּתַח (H6605) 'surely (open)'.
לִ֣יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
אֹ֔זֶןthe ear ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'the ear of'.
וְאָנֹכִ֖יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'and I'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
מָרִ֑יתִיyou rebelledQal perf 1cs · מָרָה (H4784)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָרָה (H4784) 'you rebelled'.
אָח֖וֹרbackwardN c · אָחוֹר (H268)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוֹר (H268) 'backward'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נְסוּגֹֽתִיbacksliderN · סוּג (H5472)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סוּג (H5472) 'backslider'.
6

גֵּוִי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לְמַכִּ֔ים וּלְחָיַ֖י לְמֹֽרְטִ֑ים פָּנַי֙ לֹ֣א הִסְתַּ֔רְתִּי מִכְּלִמּ֖וֹת וָרֹֽק

I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have given'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
גֵּוִי֙amongN c · גֵּו (H1460)Construct chain (genitival)גֵּו (H1460) 'among'.
נָתַ֣תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'I have given'.
לְמַכִּ֔יםand he struckprep + Hiphil ptc mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
וּלְחָיַ֖יand the two cheeksconj וְ + N com c du constr + sfx 1cs · לְחִי (H3895)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְחִי (H3895) 'and the two cheeks'.
לְמֹֽרְטִ֑יםfalls outprep + Qal ptc mp · מָרַט (H4803)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָרַט (H4803) 'falls out'.
פָּנַי֙the face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הִסְתַּ֔רְתִּיI will hideHiphil perf 1cs · סָתַר (H5641)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָתַר (H5641) 'I will hide'.
מִכְּלִמּ֖וֹתfromprep + N com f pl abs · כְּלִמָּה (H3639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּלִמָּה (H3639) 'from'.
וָרֹֽקandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · רֹק (H7536)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹק (H7536) 'and'.
7

וַאדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ יַֽעֲזָר לִ֔י עַל כֵּ֖ן לֹ֣א נִכְלָ֑מְתִּי עַל כֵּ֞ן שַׂ֤מְתִּי פָנַי֙ כַּֽחַלָּמִ֔ישׁ וָאֵדַ֖ע כִּי לֹ֥א אֵבֽוֹשׁ

For YHWH YHWH will help me; therefore shall I not be confounded: therefore have I set my face like a flint, and I know that I shall not be ashamed.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and help you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַאדֹנָ֤יand Lord ofconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'and Lord of'.
יְהוִה֙YHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
יַֽעֲזָרand help youQal impf 3ms · עָזַר (H5826)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
לִ֔יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֖ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נִכְלָ֑מְתִּיyou have humiliated meN · כָּלַם (H3637)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּלַם (H3637) 'you have humiliated me'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֞ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
שַׂ֤מְתִּיI have setQal perf 1cs · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'I have set'.
פָנַי֙the face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
כַּֽחַלָּמִ֔ישׁfrom the flint ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · חַלָּמִישׁ (H2496)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַלָּמִישׁ (H2496) 'from the flint of'.
וָאֵדַ֖עI knowconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֵבֽוֹשׁwere ashamedQal impf 1cs · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
8

קָרוֹב֙ מַצְדִּיקִ֔י מִֽי יָרִ֥יב אִתִּ֖י נַ֣עַמְדָה יָּ֑חַד מִֽי בַ֥עַל מִשְׁפָּטִ֖י יִגַּ֥שׁ אֵלָֽי

near that justifieth me; who will contend with me? let us stand together: who mine adversary? let him come near to me.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and they justify'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
קָרוֹב֙nearAdj · קָרוֹב (H7138)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרוֹב (H7138) 'near'.
מַצְדִּיקִ֔יand they justifyHiphil ptc ms + sfx 1cs · צָדַק (H6663)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָדַק (H6663) 'and they justify'.
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יָרִ֥יבand quarreledQal impf 3ms · רִיב (H7378)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרִיב (H7378) 'and quarreled'.
אִתִּ֖יwith meprep + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with me'.
נַ֣עַמְדָהstandingQal cohortative 1cp · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalעָמַד (H5975) 'standing'.
יָּ֑חַדtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
מִֽיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
בַ֥עַלa husbandN c · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167) 'a husband'.
מִשְׁפָּטִ֖יmy rulesN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'my rules'.
יִגַּ֥שׁhe shall come nearQal impf 3ms · נָגַשׁ (H5066)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַשׁ (H5066) 'he shall come near'.
אֵלָֽיto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
9

הֵ֣ן אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ יַֽעֲזָר לִ֔י מִי ה֖וּא יַרְשִׁיעֵ֑נִי הֵ֤ן כֻּלָּם֙ כַּבֶּ֣גֶד יִבְל֔וּ עָ֖שׁ יֹאכְלֵֽם

Behold, YHWH YHWH will help me; who he shall condemn me? lo, they all shall wax old as a garment; the moth shall eat them up.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and help you'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הֵ֣ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
אֲדֹנָ֤יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִה֙YHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
יַֽעֲזָרand help youQal impf 3ms · עָזַר (H5826)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָזַר (H5826) 'and help you'.
לִ֔יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
מִיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
ה֖וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
יַרְשִׁיעֵ֑נִיand they condemnHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · רָשַׁע (H7561)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָשַׁע (H7561) 'and they condemn'.
הֵ֤ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
כֻּלָּם֙all of themN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of them'.
כַּבֶּ֣גֶדhis garmentsprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֶּגֶד (H899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'his garments'.
יִבְל֔וּwore outQal impf 3mp · בָּלָה (H1086)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּלָה (H1086) 'wore out'.
עָ֖שׁmoth. See alsoN c · עָשׁ (H6211)Construct chain (genitival)עָשׁ (H6211) 'moth. See also'.
יֹאכְלֵֽםyou shall eatQal impf 3ms + sfx 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
10

מִ֤י בָכֶם֙ יְרֵ֣א יְהוָ֔ה שֹׁמֵ֖עַ בְּק֣וֹל עַבְדּ֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָלַ֣ךְ חֲשֵׁכִ֗ים וְאֵ֥ין נֹ֨גַהּ֙ ל֔וֹ יִבְטַח֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וְיִשָּׁעֵ֖ן בֵּאלֹהָֽיו

Who among you that feareth YHWH, that obeyeth the voice of his servant, that walketh darkness, and has no light? let him trust in the name of YHWH, and stay upon his God.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'listen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
בָכֶם֙against youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against you'.
יְרֵ֣אhe fearedAdj · יָרֵא (H3373)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרֵא (H3373) 'he feared'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
שֹׁמֵ֖עַlistenQal ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
בְּק֣וֹלto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
עַבְדּ֑וֹhis servantN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servant'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הָלַ֣ךְwentQal perf 3ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
חֲשֵׁכִ֗יםdarknessN c · חֲשֵׁכָה (H2825)Construct chain (genitival)חֲשֵׁכָה (H2825) 'darkness'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
נֹ֨גַהּ֙fromN c · נֹגַהּ (H5051)Construct chain (genitival)נֹגַהּ (H5051) 'from'.
ל֔וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
יִבְטַח֙trustingQal impf 3ms · בָּטַח (H982)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּטַח (H982) 'trusting'.
בְּשֵׁ֣םin the name ofprep + N com m sg constr · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'in the name of'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְיִשָּׁעֵ֖ןand restconj וְ + Niphal impf 3ms · שָׁעַן (H8172)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁעַן (H8172) 'and rest'.
בֵּאלֹהָֽיוyour Godprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'your God'.
11

הֵ֧ן כֻּלְּכֶ֛ם קֹ֥דְחֵי אֵ֖שׁ מְאַזְּרֵ֣י זִיק֑וֹת לְכ֣וּ בְּא֣וּר אֶשְׁכֶ֗ם וּבְזִיקוֹת֙ בִּֽעַרְתֶּ֔ם מִיָּדִי֙ הָיְתָה זֹּ֣את לָכֶ֔ם לְמַעֲצֵבָ֖ה תִּשְׁכָּבֽוּן

Behold, all you that kindle a fire, that compass about with sparks: walk in the light of your fire, and in the sparks you have kindled. This shall you have of mine hand; you shall lie down in sorrow.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'is kindled'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
הֵ֧ןbeholdadv. · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold'.
כֻּלְּכֶ֛םall of youN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of you'.
קֹ֥דְחֵיis kindledQal ptc mp · קָדַח (H6919)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָדַח (H6919) 'is kindled'.
אֵ֖שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
מְאַזְּרֵ֣יbind (compass) aboutPiel ptc mp · אָזַר (H247)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָזַר (H247) 'bind (compass) about'.
זִיק֑וֹתchainN c · זִיקָה (H2131)Construct chain (genitival)זִיקָה (H2131) 'chain'.
לְכ֣וּgoQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'go'.
בְּא֣וּרinprep + N com m sg constr · אוּר (H217)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוּר (H217) 'in'.
אֶשְׁכֶ֗םwith fireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'with fire'.
וּבְזִיקוֹת֙andconj וְ + prep + N com c pl abs · זִיקָה (H2131)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זִיקָה (H2131) 'and'.
בִּֽעַרְתֶּ֔םso you shall purgePiel perf 2mp · בָּעַר (H1197)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּעַר (H1197) 'so you shall purge'.
מִיָּדִי֙from my handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'from my hand'.
הָיְתָהwasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
זֹּ֣אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
לָכֶ֔םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
לְמַעֲצֵבָ֖הtoprep + N com f sg abs · מַעֲצֵבָה (H4620)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲצֵבָה (H4620) 'to'.
תִּשְׁכָּבֽוּןand he layQal impf 2mp + Sn · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁכַב (H7901) 'and he lay'.