Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 24ישעיהו 24

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

YHWH emptying the earth, social distinctions collapsing, the world withering under broken covenant, joy and wine failing, the city of chaos shattered, a gleaning-remnant praising from sea and coastlands, treachery still multiplying, terror-pit-snare overtaking the earth, and YHWH reigning in Zion while moon and sun are abashed make this oracle the great widening of Isaiah's judgment horizon from particular nations to the inhabited world itself. It opens with totalizing devastation. YHWH lays waste the earth, twists its face, and scatters its inhabitants so thoroughly that priest and people, master and servant, buyer and seller, lender and borrower all share one leveling sentence. The world is not only politically shaken but morally indicted: the earth lies polluted under its inhabitants because they transgressed laws, violated statute, and broke the everlasting covenant. Therefore the curse devours the earth, its dwellers bear guilt, and only a few humans remain. The loss runs through creation and culture alike. Vine and new wine fail, tambourines and lyres fall silent, strong drink turns bitter, the city of chaos is broken, and every house is shut against entry. This is not merely military desolation but the collapse of festive human ordering. Yet the chapter does not end in silence. Like olives after beating or gleanings after vintage, a remnant remains in the midst of the earth and among the peoples. They lift their voice, sing for the majesty of YHWH, and from the west, east, and coastlands call for YHWH's glory. Even there, however, praise is interrupted by the prophet's cry of emaciation and woe, because treachery still breeds treachery. The earth-dwellers face fear, pit, and snare, and escape from one terror only falls into another as the windows on high are opened and the foundations of the earth shake. The world reels like a drunkard and sways like a hut because its transgression lies heavy upon it. Finally the horizon rises beyond the earth to the host of the height on high and the kings of the ground on the ground, gathered, shut up, and later visited under YHWH's judgment. The ending is royal and dazzling: moon is confounded, sun ashamed, because YHWH of hosts reigns on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, and before his elders is glory. Taken together, covenantal pollution, cultural collapse, remnant praise, unavoidable judgment, cosmic shaking, and Zion-centered kingship turn the whole earth into the stage on which the universal reign of Israel's God is revealed.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Six linked movements shape the chapter: the earth emptied and social distinctions leveled (vv. 1-3), the world withering under covenantal violation and curse (vv. 4-6), the collapse of festal life and the city of chaos (vv. 7-12), the remnant-like praise that rises from the earth's edges amid continuing treachery (vv. 13-16a), fear-pit-snare and the convulsion of the earth (vv. 16b-20), and YHWH's judgment of heavenly and earthly powers culminating in his reign in Zion (vv. 21-23). Verse 1 should retain the energetic cluster of verbs: YHWH empties, lays waste, twists the face of the earth, and scatters its inhabitants. The effect is not localized devastation but world-order undone. Verse 2 then levels every social distinction and should preserve the breadth of the pairings, because the point is comprehensive equality under judgment rather than social reform. Verse 3 intensifies that certainty by doubling the devastation language and grounding it in YHWH's spoken word. Verses 4-6 then explain why the whole world withers. The earth, world, and high people languish together, and verse 5 is crucial: the inhabitants transgressed laws, violated statute, and broke an everlasting covenant. The exact covenantal scope can be debated, but translation should preserve the universal moral force rather than reducing it to one narrow legal infraction. Verse 6's curse-devouring imagery and the remaining few should remain stark, because they establish both the sentence and the remnant-scale survival that later imagery resumes. Verses 7-12 move through the end of festal life and should keep their sensory concreteness. Wine fails, merry-hearted ones groan, tambourines cease, joyous noise stops, song no longer accompanies drink, and the city of tohu is broken. The phrase 'city of chaos' or 'city of emptiness' in verse 10 should remain weighty, because it marks a human order reduced to anti-order. Verse 12's shattered gate should preserve the civic image of defenseless desolation. Verses 13-16a then introduce a crucial counterpoint. The olive-beating and vintage-gleaning imagery should stay explicit, because they tie the survivors to a remnant pattern rather than broad recovery. From sea, east, and coastlands comes praise to YHWH's majesty and glory, and verse 16's 'beauty/glory to the righteous one' should remain resonant even if the precise referent is discussed. The second half of verse 16 immediately reverses tone, and that turn must remain sharp. The prophet's cry of wasting away and the repeated treachery of traitors prevent the praise from being misheard as easy restoration. Verses 17-20 form one of the chapter's most memorable judgment sequences. Fear, pit, and snare should retain their rapid escalation, and the chain in verse 18 should preserve the logic of inescapability. The opened windows from on high and the shaken foundations of the earth intentionally recall cosmic-scale upheaval. Verses 19-20 then pile verb upon verb to depict the earth broken, split, tottering, reeling like a drunkard, and swaying like a temporary hut. The reason is moral weight: its transgression is heavy upon it. Verse 21 widens the judgment to the host of the height on high and the kings of the ground on the ground. Translation should preserve both spheres, because the chapter's scope is cosmic and political together. Verse 22's imprisonment and later visitation should remain concrete, showing that powers can be gathered and confined under divine rule. Verse 23 then gives the final scene of YHWH's kingship. Moon and sun are shamed not because they are evil but because YHWH's glory surpasses all lesser lights when he reigns in Zion and Jerusalem before his elders. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as a universal judgment vision where covenant-breaking ruins the earth, remnant praise survives at the margins, cosmic and human orders convulse together, and YHWH's royal glory finally outshines every other source of splendor. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

הִנֵּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה בּוֹקֵ֥ק הָאָ֖רֶץ וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּ וְעִוָּ֣ה פָנֶ֔יהָ וְהֵפִ֖יץ יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ

Behold, YHWH maketh the earth empty, and maketh it waste, and turneth it upside down, and scattereth abroad the inhabitants thereof.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'fail'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הִנֵּ֧הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בּוֹקֵ֥קfailQal ptc ms · בָּקַק (H1238)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּקַק (H1238) 'fail'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וּבֽוֹלְקָ֑הּandconj וְ + Qal ptc ms + sfx 3fs · בָּלַק (H1110)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּלַק (H1110) 'and'.
וְעִוָּ֣הdo amissconj וְ + Piel q 3ms · עָוָה (H5753)Particle or relational elementעָוָה (H5753) 'do amiss'.
פָנֶ֔יהָits faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'its face'.
וְהֵפִ֖יץand he will scatterconj וְ + Hiphil q 3ms · פוּץ (H6327)Particle or relational elementפוּץ (H6327) 'and he will scatter'.
יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָits inhabitantsQal ptc mp + sfx 3fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'its inhabitants'.
2

וְהָיָ֤ה כָעָם֙ כַּכֹּהֵ֔ן כַּעֶ֨בֶד֙ כַּֽאדֹנָ֔יו כַּשִּׁפְחָ֖ה כַּגְּבִרְתָּ֑הּ כַּקּוֹנֶה֙ כַּמּוֹכֵ֔ר כַּמַּלְוֶה֙ כַּלֹּוֶ֔ה כַּנֹּשֶׁ֕ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר נֹשֶׁ֥א בֽוֹ

And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest; as with the servant, so with his master; as with the maid, so with her mistress; as with the buyer, so with the seller; as with the lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'bought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְהָיָ֤הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
כָעָם֙the peopleprep + art + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
כַּכֹּהֵ֔ןthe priestprep + art + N com m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּהֵן (H3548) 'the priest'.
כַּעֶ֨בֶד֙your servantprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'your servant'.
כַּֽאדֹנָ֔יוmy lordprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אָדוֹן (H113)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
כַּשִּׁפְחָ֖הyour maidservantprep + art + N com f sg abs · שִׁפְחָה (H8198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁפְחָה (H8198) 'your maidservant'.
כַּגְּבִרְתָּ֑הּher mistressprep + art + N com f sg constr + sfx 3fs · גְּבִרֶת (H1404)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּבִרֶת (H1404) 'her mistress'.
כַּקּוֹנֶה֙boughtprep + art + Qal ptc ms · קָנָה (H7069)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָנָה (H7069) 'bought'.
כַּמּוֹכֵ֔רand he sold themprep + art + Qal ptc ms · מָכַר (H4376)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָכַר (H4376) 'and he sold them'.
כַּמַּלְוֶה֙and you will lendprep + art + Hiphil ptc ms · לָוָה (H3867)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלָוָה (H3867) 'and you will lend'.
כַּלֹּוֶ֔הand you will lendprep + art + Qal ptc ms · לָוָה (H3867)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלָוָה (H3867) 'and you will lend'.
כַּנֹּשֶׁ֕הlike a creditorprep + art + Qal ptc ms · נָשָׁה (H5383)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׁה (H5383) 'like a creditor'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רjust asprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'just as'.
נֹשֶׁ֥אdebtQal ptc ms · נָשָׁא (H5378)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׁא (H5378) 'debt'.
בֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
3

הִבּ֧וֹק תִּבּ֛וֹק הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהִבּ֣וֹז תִּבּ֑וֹז כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶת הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה

The land shall be utterly emptied, and utterly spoiled: for YHWH has spoken this word.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'they plundered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הִבּ֧וֹקfailN · בָּקַק (H1238)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּקַק (H1238) 'fail'.
תִּבּ֛וֹקfailN · בָּקַק (H1238)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּקַק (H1238) 'fail'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְהִבּ֣וֹזthey plunderedconj וְ + Niphal inf abs · בָּזַז (H962)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionבָּזַז (H962) 'they plundered'.
תִּבּ֑וֹזthey plunderedN · בָּזַז (H962)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּזַז (H962) 'they plundered'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
דִּבֶּ֖רspeakPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַדָּבָ֥רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
הַזֶּֽהthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
4

אָבְלָ֤ה נָֽבְלָה֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֻמְלְלָ֥ה נָבְלָ֖ה תֵּבֵ֑ל אֻמְלָ֖לוּ מְר֥וֹם עַם הָאָֽרֶץ

The earth mourneth fadeth away, the world languisheth fadeth away, the haughty people of the earth do languish.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they mourned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
אָבְלָ֤הand they mournedQal perf 3fs · אָבַל (H56)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבַל (H56) 'and they mourned'.
נָֽבְלָה֙and he scornedQal perf 3fs · נָבַל (H5034)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָבַל (H5034) 'and he scorned'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
אֻמְלְלָ֥הlanguishPulal perf 3fs · אָמַל (H535)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַל (H535) 'languish'.
נָבְלָ֖הand he scornedQal perf 3fs · נָבַל (H5034)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָבַל (H5034) 'and he scorned'.
תֵּבֵ֑לhabitable partN c · תֵּבֵל (H8398)Construct chain (genitival)תֵּבֵל (H8398) 'habitable part'.
אֻמְלָ֖לוּlanguishPulal perf 3cp · אָמַל (H535)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַל (H535) 'languish'.
מְר֥וֹםthe heights ofN c · מָרוֹם (H4791)Construct chain (genitival)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
עַםa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
5

וְהָאָ֥רֶץ חָנְפָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי עָבְר֤וּ תוֹרֹת֙ חָ֣לְפוּ חֹ֔ק הֵפֵ֖רוּ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם

The earth also is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; because they have transgressed the laws, changed the ordinance, broken the everlasting covenant.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you shall pollute'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְהָאָ֥רֶץand the landconj וְ + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'and the land'.
חָנְפָ֖הyou shall polluteQal perf 3fs · חָנֵף (H2610)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָנֵף (H2610) 'you shall pollute'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָits inhabitantsQal ptc mp + sfx 3fs · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'its inhabitants'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עָבְר֤וּcross overQal perf 3cp · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַר (H5674) 'cross over'.
תוֹרֹת֙the torah ofN c · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'the torah of'.
חָ֣לְפוּand changedQal perf 3cp · חָלַף (H2498)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַף (H2498) 'and changed'.
חֹ֔קa due ofN c · חֹק (H2706)Construct chain (genitival)חֹק (H2706) 'a due of'.
הֵפֵ֖רוּhe has brokenHiphil perf 3cp · פָּרַר (H6565)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּרַר (H6565) 'he has broken'.
בְּרִ֥יתthe covenant ofN c · בְּרִית (H1285)Construct chain (genitival)בְּרִית (H1285) 'the covenant of'.
עוֹלָֽםperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
6

עַל כֵּ֗ן אָלָה֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֶ֔רֶץ וַֽיֶּאְשְׁמ֖וּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ עַל כֵּ֗ן חָרוּ֙ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וְנִשְׁאַ֥ר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִזְעָֽר

Therefore has the curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are desolate: therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned, and few men left.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'consuming'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֗ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אָלָה֙an oathN c · אָלָה (H423)Construct chain (genitival)אָלָה (H423) 'an oath'.
אָ֣כְלָהconsumingQal perf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָכַל (H398) 'consuming'.
אֶ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
וַֽיֶּאְשְׁמ֖וּthen he is guiltyconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָשֵׁם (H816)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָשֵׁם (H816) 'then he is guilty'.
יֹ֣שְׁבֵיthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
בָ֑הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֗ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
חָרוּ֙be angryQal perf 3cp · חָרַר (H2787)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרַר (H2787) 'be angry'.
יֹ֣שְׁבֵיthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
אֶ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
וְנִשְׁאַ֥רhe leftconj וְ + Niphal perf 3ms · שָׁאַר (H7604)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁאַר (H7604) 'he left'.
אֱנ֖וֹשׁfrom mankindN c · אֱנוֹשׁ (H582)Construct chain (genitival)אֱנוֹשׁ (H582) 'from mankind'.
מִזְעָֽרfewN c · מִזְעָר (H4213)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְעָר (H4213) 'few'.
7

אָבַ֥ל תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלְלָה גָ֑פֶן נֶאֶנְח֖וּ כָּל שִׂמְחֵי לֵֽב

The new wine mourneth, the vine languisheth, all the merryhearted do sigh.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they mourned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אָבַ֥לand they mournedQal perf 3ms · אָבַל (H56)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבַל (H56) 'and they mourned'.
תִּיר֖וֹשׁnew wineN c · תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492)Construct chain (genitival)תִּירוֹשׁ (H8492) 'new wine'.
אֻמְלְלָהlanguishPulal perf 3fs · אָמַל (H535)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַל (H535) 'languish'.
גָ֑פֶןa vineN c · גֶּפֶן (H1612)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּפֶן (H1612) 'a vine'.
נֶאֶנְח֖וּand they groanedN · אָנַח (H584)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנַח (H584) 'and they groaned'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
שִׂמְחֵיjoyfulAdj · שָׂמֵחַ (H8056)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׂמֵחַ (H8056) 'joyful'.
לֵֽבthe heart ofN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'the heart of'.
8

שָׁבַת֙ מְשׂ֣וֹשׂ תֻּפִּ֔ים חָדַ֖ל שְׁא֣וֹן עַלִּיזִ֑ים שָׁבַ֖ת מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ כִּנּֽוֹר

The mirth of tabrets ceaseth, the noise of them that rejoice endeth, the joy of the harp ceaseth.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he rested'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
שָׁבַת֙he restedQal perf 3ms · שָׁבַת (H7673)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַת (H7673) 'he rested'.
מְשׂ֣וֹשׂjoyN c · מָשׂוֹשׂ (H4885)Construct chain (genitival)מָשׂוֹשׂ (H4885) 'joy'.
תֻּפִּ֔יםwith tambourinesN c · תֹּף (H8596)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּף (H8596) 'with tambourines'.
חָדַ֖לhad ceasedQal perf 3ms · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָדַל (H2308) 'had ceased'.
שְׁא֣וֹןhorribleN c · שָׁאוֹן (H7588)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁאוֹן (H7588) 'horrible'.
עַלִּיזִ֑יםjoyousAdj · עַלִּיז (H5947)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַלִּיז (H5947) 'joyous'.
שָׁבַ֖תhe restedQal perf 3ms · שָׁבַת (H7673)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁבַת (H7673) 'he rested'.
מְשׂ֥וֹשׂjoyN c · מָשׂוֹשׂ (H4885)Construct chain (genitival)מָשׂוֹשׂ (H4885) 'joy'.
כִּנּֽוֹרlyreN c · כִּנּוֹר (H3658)Construct chain (genitival)כִּנּוֹר (H3658) 'lyre'.
9

בַּשִּׁ֖יר לֹ֣א יִשְׁתּוּ יָ֑יִן יֵמַ֥ר שֵׁכָ֖ר לְשֹׁתָֽיו

They shall not drink wine with a song; strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they drank'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
בַּשִּׁ֖ירthe songprep + art + N com c sg abs · שִׁירָה (H7892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁירָה (H7892) 'the song'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִשְׁתּוּthey drankQal impf 3mp · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁתָה (H8354) 'they drank'.
יָ֑יִןwineN c · יַיִן (H3196)Construct chain (genitival)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'.
יֵמַ֥רand made bitterQal impf 3ms · מָרַר (H4843)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָרַר (H4843) 'and made bitter'.
שֵׁכָ֖רstrong drinkN c · שֵׁכָר (H7941)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁכָר (H7941) 'strong drink'.
לְשֹׁתָֽיוto drinkprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3ms · שָׁתָה (H8354)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'.
10

נִשְׁבְּרָ֖ה קִרְיַת תֹּ֑הוּ סֻגַּ֥ר כָּל בַּ֖יִת מִבּֽוֹא

The city of confusion is broken down: every house is shut up, that no man may come in.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'has shut'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
נִשְׁבְּרָ֖הyou shall breakN · שָׁבַר (H7665)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁבַר (H7665) 'you shall break'.
קִרְיַתa cityN c · קִרְיָה (H7151)Construct chain (genitival)קִרְיָה (H7151) 'a city'.
תֹּ֑הוּwasteN c · תֹּהוּ (H8414)Construct chain (genitival)תֹּהוּ (H8414) 'waste'.
סֻגַּ֥רhas shutPual perf 3ms · סָגַר (H5462)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָגַר (H5462) 'has shut'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
בַּ֖יִתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
מִבּֽוֹאfrom going toprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'from going to'.
11

צְוָחָ֥ה עַל הַיַּ֖יִן בַּֽחוּצ֑וֹת עָֽרְבָה֙ כָּל שִׂמְחָ֔ה גָּלָ֖ה מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ הָאָֽרֶץ

a crying for wine in the streets; all joy is darkened, the mirth of the land is gone.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
צְוָחָ֥הcryN c · צְוָחָה (H6682)Construct chain (genitival)צְוָחָה (H6682) 'cry'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַיַּ֖יִןthe wineart + N com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'the wine'.
בַּֽחוּצ֑וֹתoutsideprep + art + N com m pl abs · חוּץ (H2351)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside'.
עָֽרְבָה֙toQal perf 3fs · עָרַב (H6150)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָרַב (H6150) 'to'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
שִׂמְחָ֔הwith joyN c · שִׂמְחָה (H8057)Construct chain (genitival)שִׂמְחָה (H8057) 'with joy'.
גָּלָ֖הhe has uncoveredQal perf 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'he has uncovered'.
מְשׂ֥וֹשׂjoyN c · מָשׂוֹשׂ (H4885)Construct chain (genitival)מָשׂוֹשׂ (H4885) 'joy'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
12

נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּעִ֖יר שַׁמָּ֑ה וּשְׁאִיָּ֖ה יֻכַּת שָֽׁעַר

In the city is left desolation, and the gate is smitten with destruction.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'to him'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
נִשְׁאַ֥רremainedN · שָׁאַר (H7604)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאַר (H7604) 'remained'.
בָּעִ֖ירin the cityprep + art + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'in the city'.
שַׁמָּ֑הa horrorN c · שַׁמָּה (H8047)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁמָּה (H8047) 'a horror'.
וּשְׁאִיָּ֖הandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · שְׁאִיָּה (H7591)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאִיָּה (H7591) 'and'.
יֻכַּתto himHophal impf 3ms · כָּתַת (H3807)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּתַת (H3807) 'to him'.
שָֽׁעַרthe gate ofN c · שַׁעַר (H8179)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'the gate of'.
13

כִּ֣י כֹ֥ה יִהְיֶ֛ה בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָֽעַמִּ֑ים כְּנֹ֣קֶף זַ֔יִת כְּעוֹלֵלֹ֖ת אִם כָּלָ֥ה בָצִֽיר

When thus it shall be in the midst of the land among the people, as the shaking of an olive tree, as the gleaning grapes when the vintage is done.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כֹ֥הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
יִהְיֶ֛הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
בְּקֶ֥רֶבin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · קֶרֶב (H7130)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶב (H7130) 'in the midst of'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
בְּת֣וֹךְin the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
הָֽעַמִּ֑יםthe peoplesart + N com m pl abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the peoples'.
כְּנֹ֣קֶףas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · נֹקֶף (H5363)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֹקֶף (H5363) 'as / like'.
זַ֔יִתoliveN c · זַיִת (H2132)Construct chain (genitival)זַיִת (H2132) 'olive'.
כְּעוֹלֵלֹ֖תgleaningsprep + N com f pl abs · עֹלֵלָה (H5955)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֹלֵלָה (H5955) 'gleanings'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
כָּלָ֥הhe finishedQal perf 3ms · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּלָה (H3615) 'he finished'.
בָצִֽירthe vintageN c · בָּצִיר (H1210)Construct chain (genitival)בָּצִיר (H1210) 'the vintage'.
14

הֵ֛מָּה יִשְׂא֥וּ קוֹלָ֖ם יָרֹ֑נּוּ בִּגְא֣וֹן יְהוָ֔ה צָהֲל֖וּ מִיָּֽם

They shall lift up their voice, they shall sing for the majesty of YHWH, they shall cry aloud from the sea.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they shall bear'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
הֵ֛מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
יִשְׂא֥וּthey shall bearQal impf 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'they shall bear'.
קוֹלָ֖םtheir voiceN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'their voice'.
יָרֹ֑נּוּshout for joyQal impf 3mp · רָנַן (H7442)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָנַן (H7442) 'shout for joy'.
בִּגְא֣וֹןyour majestyprep + N com m sg constr · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'your majesty'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צָהֲל֖וּbellowQal perf 3cp · צָהַל (H6670)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצָהַל (H6670) 'bellow'.
מִיָּֽםon the westprep + N com m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָם (H3220) 'on the west'.
15

עַל כֵּ֥ן בָּאֻרִ֖ים כַּבְּד֣וּ יְהוָ֑ה בְּאִיֵּ֣י הַיָּ֔ם שֵׁ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

Wherefore glorify you YHWH in the fires, the name of YHWH God of Israel in the isles of the sea.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'were heavy/dim'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֥ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
בָּאֻרִ֖יםinprep + art + N com m pl abs · אוּר (H217)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוּר (H217) 'in'.
כַּבְּד֣וּwere heavy/dimPiel impv 2mp · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeכָּבֵד (H3513) 'were heavy/dim'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בְּאִיֵּ֣יcoastlands ofprep + N com m pl constr · אִי (H339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִי (H339) 'coastlands of'.
הַיָּ֔םthe seaart + N com m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָם (H3220) 'the sea'.
שֵׁ֥םthe name ofN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'the name of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵ֥יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
16

מִכְּנַ֨ף הָאָ֜רֶץ זְמִרֹ֤ת שָׁמַ֨עְנוּ֙ צְבִ֣י לַצַּדִּ֔יק וָאֹמַ֛ר רָזִי לִ֥י רָֽזִי לִ֖י א֣וֹי לִ֑י בֹּגְדִ֣ים בָּגָ֔דוּ וּבֶ֥גֶד בּוֹגְדִ֖ים בָּגָֽדוּ

From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs, glory to the righteous. But I said, My leanness, my leanness, woe to me! the treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously; yea, the treacherous dealers have dealt very treacherously.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'we have heard'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
מִכְּנַ֨ףthe skirt ofprep + N com f sg constr · כָּנָף (H3671)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּנָף (H3671) 'the skirt of'.
הָאָ֜רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
זְמִרֹ֤תpsalmN c · זָמִיר (H2158)Construct chain (genitival)זָמִיר (H2158) 'psalm'.
שָׁמַ֨עְנוּ֙we have heardQal perf 1cp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'we have heard'.
צְבִ֣יand gazelleN c · צְבִי (H6643)Construct chain (genitival)צְבִי (H6643) 'and gazelle'.
לַצַּדִּ֔יקrighteousprep + art + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
וָאֹמַ֛רand I saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
רָזִיleannessN c · רָזִי (H7334)Construct chain (genitival)רָזִי (H7334) 'leanness'.
לִ֥יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
רָֽזִיleannessN c · רָזִי (H7334)Construct chain (genitival)רָזִי (H7334) 'leanness'.
לִ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
א֣וֹיwoeparticle · אוֹי (H188)Particle or relational elementאוֹי (H188) 'woe'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
בֹּגְדִ֣יםin his dealing treacherouslyQal ptc mp · בָּגַד (H898)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּגַד (H898) 'in his dealing treacherously'.
בָּגָ֔דוּin his dealing treacherouslyQal perf 3cp · בָּגַד (H898)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּגַד (H898) 'in his dealing treacherously'.
וּבֶ֥גֶדand a garmentconj וְ + N com m sg abs · בֶּגֶד (H899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֶּגֶד (H899) 'and a garment'.
בּוֹגְדִ֖יםin his dealing treacherouslyQal ptc mp · בָּגַד (H898)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּגַד (H898) 'in his dealing treacherously'.
בָּגָֽדוּin his dealing treacherouslyQal perf 3cp · בָּגַד (H898)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּגַד (H898) 'in his dealing treacherously'.
17

פַּ֥חַד וָפַ֖חַת וָפָ֑ח עָלֶ֖יךָ יוֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָֽרֶץ

Fear, and the pit, and the snare, upon you, O inhabitant of the earth.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'dwelling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
פַּ֥חַדthe dread of youN c · פַּחַד (H6343)Construct chain (genitival)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
וָפַ֖חַתholeconj וְ + N com m sg abs · פַּחַת (H6354)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּחַת (H6354) 'hole'.
וָפָ֑חsheets ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · פַּח (H6341)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּח (H6341) 'sheets of'.
עָלֶ֖יךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
יוֹשֵׁ֥בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
18

וְֽ֠הָיָה הַנָּ֞ס מִקּ֤וֹל הַפַּ֨חַד֙ יִפֹּ֣ל אֶל הַפַּ֔חַת וְהָֽעוֹלֶה֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַפַּ֔חַת יִלָּכֵ֖ד בַּפָּ֑ח כִּֽי אֲרֻבּ֤וֹת מִמָּרוֹם֙ נִפְתָּ֔חוּ וַֽיִּרְעֲשׁ֖וּ מ֥וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ

And it shall come to pass, he who fleeth from the noise of the fear shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the snare: for the windows from on high are open, and the foundations of the earth do shake.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'who was fleeing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְֽ֠הָיָהand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
הַנָּ֞סwho was fleeingart + Qal ptc ms · נוּס (H5127)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנוּס (H5127) 'who was fleeing'.
מִקּ֤וֹלfrom the sound ofprep + N com m sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'from the sound of'.
הַפַּ֨חַד֙the dread of youart + N com m sg abs · פַּחַד (H6343)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
יִפֹּ֣לit fallsQal impf 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָפַל (H5307) 'it falls'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַפַּ֔חַתholeart + N com m sg abs · פַּחַת (H6354)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּחַת (H6354) 'hole'.
וְהָֽעוֹלֶה֙and he went upconj וְ + art + Qal ptc ms · עָלָה (H5927)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָלָה (H5927) 'and he went up'.
מִתּ֣וֹךְfrom the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'from the midst of'.
הַפַּ֔חַתholeart + N com m sg abs · פַּחַת (H6354)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּחַת (H6354) 'hole'.
יִלָּכֵ֖דand was takenN · לָכַד (H3920)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָכַד (H3920) 'and was taken'.
בַּפָּ֑חsheets ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · פַּח (H6341)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּח (H6341) 'sheets of'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲרֻבּ֤וֹתand the windows ofN c · אֲרֻבָּה (H699)Construct chain (genitival)אֲרֻבָּה (H699) 'and the windows of'.
מִמָּרוֹם֙the heights ofprep + N com m sg abs · מָרוֹם (H4791)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
נִפְתָּ֔חוּwere openedN · פָּתַח (H6605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּתַח (H6605) 'were opened'.
וַֽיִּרְעֲשׁ֖וּshookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · רָעַשׁ (H7493)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָעַשׁ (H7493) 'shook'.
מ֥וֹסְדֵיthe foundations ofN c · מוֹסָד (H4146)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹסָד (H4146) 'the foundations of'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
19

רֹ֥עָה הִֽתְרֹעֲעָ֖ה הָאָ֑רֶץ פּ֤וֹר הִֽתְפּוֹרְרָה֙ אֶ֔רֶץ מ֥וֹט הִֽתְמוֹטְטָ֖ה אָֽרֶץ

The earth is utterly broken down, the earth is clean dissolved, the earth is moved exceedingly.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'and it was displeasing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
רֹ֥עָהand it was displeasingQal inf abs · רָעַע (H7489)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
הִֽתְרֹעֲעָ֖הand it was displeasingHithpolel perf 3fs · רָעַע (H7489)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
פּ֤וֹרhe has brokenQal inf abs · פָּרַר (H6565)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionפָּרַר (H6565) 'he has broken'.
הִֽתְפּוֹרְרָה֙he has brokenHithpolel perf 3fs · פָּרַר (H6565)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּרַר (H6565) 'he has broken'.
אֶ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
מ֥וֹטshall slipQal inf abs · מוֹט (H4131)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionמוֹט (H4131) 'shall slip'.
הִֽתְמוֹטְטָ֖הshall slipHithpolel perf 3fs · מוֹט (H4131)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוֹט (H4131) 'shall slip'.
אָֽרֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
20

נ֣וֹעַ תָּנ֤וּעַ אֶ֨רֶץ֙ כַּשִּׁכּ֔וֹר וְהִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה כַּמְּלוּנָ֑ה וְכָבַ֤ד עָלֶ֨יהָ֙ פִּשְׁעָ֔הּ וְנָפְלָ֖ה וְלֹא תֹסִ֥יף קֽוּם

The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard, and shall be removed like a cottage; and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it; and it shall fall, and not rise again.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'wandering'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
נ֣וֹעַwanderingQal inf abs · נוּעַ (H5128)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionנוּעַ (H5128) 'wandering'.
תָּנ֤וּעַwanderingQal impf 3fs · נוּעַ (H5128)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנוּעַ (H5128) 'wandering'.
אֶ֨רֶץ֙the land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
כַּשִּׁכּ֔וֹרtoprep + art + Adj · שִׁכּוֹר (H7910)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁכּוֹר (H7910) 'to'.
וְהִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖הand fugitiveconj וְ + Hithpolel q 3fs · נָד (H5110)Particle or relational elementנָד (H5110) 'and fugitive'.
כַּמְּלוּנָ֑הas / likeprep + art + N com f sg abs · מְלוּנָה (H4412)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְלוּנָה (H4412) 'as / like'.
וְכָבַ֤דand he hardenedconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · כָּבֵד (H3513)Particle or relational elementכָּבֵד (H3513) 'and he hardened'.
עָלֶ֨יהָ֙on itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
פִּשְׁעָ֔הּand transgressionN c · פֶשַע (H6588)Construct chain (genitival)פֶשַע (H6588) 'and transgression'.
וְנָפְלָ֖הand it shall fallconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Particle or relational elementנָפַל (H5307) 'and it shall fall'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תֹסִ֥יףyou will againHiphil impf 3fs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'you will again'.
קֽוּםriseQal inf constr · קוּם (H6965)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקוּם (H6965) 'rise'.
21

וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִפְקֹ֧ד יְהוָ֛ה עַל צְבָ֥א הַמָּר֖וֹם בַּמָּר֑וֹם וְעַל מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל הָאֲדָמָֽה

And it shall come to pass in that day, YHWH shall punish the host of the high ones on high, and the kings of the earth upon the earth.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'will visit'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהָיָה֙and it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֔וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יִפְקֹ֧דwill visitQal impf 3ms · פָּקַד (H6485)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּקַד (H6485) 'will visit'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
צְבָ֥אto warN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'to war'.
הַמָּר֖וֹםthe heights ofart + N com m sg abs · מָרוֹם (H4791)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
בַּמָּר֑וֹםthe heights ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · מָרוֹם (H4791)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
וְעַלand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
מַלְכֵ֥יkings ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings of'.
הָאֲדָמָ֖הthe groundart + N com f sg abs · אֲדָמָה (H127)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'the ground'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הָאֲדָמָֽהthe groundart + N com f sg abs · אֲדָמָה (H127)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'the ground'.
22

וְאֻסְּפ֨וּ אֲסֵפָ֤ה אַסִּיר֙ עַל בּ֔וֹר וְסֻגְּר֖וּ עַל מַסְגֵּ֑ר וּמֵרֹ֥ב יָמִ֖ים יִפָּקֵֽדוּ

And they shall be gathered together, prisoners are gathered in the pit, and shall be shut up in the prison, and after many days shall they be visited.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְאֻסְּפ֨וּand they shall gather/take inconj וְ + Pual q 3cp · אָסַף (H622)Particle or relational elementאָסַף (H622) 'and they shall gather/take in'.
אֲסֵפָ֤הtogetherN c · אֲסֵפָה (H626)Construct chain (genitival)אֲסֵפָה (H626) 'together'.
אַסִּיר֙prisonerN c · אַסִּיר (H616)Construct chain (genitival)אַסִּיר (H616) 'prisoner'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
בּ֔וֹרa pitN c · בּוֹר (H953)Construct chain (genitival)בּוֹר (H953) 'a pit'.
וְסֻגְּר֖וּhas shutconj וְ + Pual q 3cp · סָגַר (H5462)Particle or relational elementסָגַר (H5462) 'has shut'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מַסְגֵּ֑רandN c · מַסְגֵּר (H4525)Construct chain (genitival)מַסְגֵּר (H4525) 'and'.
וּמֵרֹ֥בfor multitudeconj וְ + prep + N com c sg constr · רֹב (H7230)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹב (H7230) 'for multitude'.
יָמִ֖יםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
יִפָּקֵֽדוּtheir mustered (men)N · פָּקַד (H6485)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּקַד (H6485) 'their mustered (men)'.
23

וְחָֽפְרָה֙ הַלְּבָנָ֔ה וּבוֹשָׁ֖ה הַֽחַמָּ֑ה כִּֽי מָלַ֞ךְ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת בְּהַ֤ר צִיּוֹן֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְנֶ֥גֶד זְקֵנָ֖יו כָּבֽוֹד

Then the moon shall be confounded, and the sun ashamed, when YHWH of hosts shall reign in mount Zion, and in Jerusalem, and before his ancients gloriously.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'reigned'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְחָֽפְרָה֙andconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · חָפֵר (H2659)Particle or relational elementחָפֵר (H2659) 'and'.
הַלְּבָנָ֔הmoon. See alsoart + N com f sg abs · לְבָנָה (H3842)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְבָנָה (H3842) 'moon. See also'.
וּבוֹשָׁ֖הwere ashamedconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · בּוּשׁ (H954)Particle or relational elementבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
הַֽחַמָּ֑הheatart + N com f sg abs · חַמָּה (H2535)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַמָּה (H2535) 'heat'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מָלַ֞ךְreignedQal perf 3ms · מָלַךְ (H4427)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלַךְ (H4427) 'reigned'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֗וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
בְּהַ֤רon the mountainprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'on the mountain'.
צִיּוֹן֙ZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔םJerusalemconj וְ + prep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
וְנֶ֥גֶדat a distanceconj וְ + prep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'at a distance'.
זְקֵנָ֖יוthe elders ofAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'the elders of'.
כָּבֽוֹדthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.