Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 22ישעיהו 22

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The valley of vision crowded on the rooftops, slain without battle, rulers captured in flight, Isaiah weeping over the daughter of his people, frantic fortification without regard for the Maker, feasting under sentence, Shebna's tomb-proud self-exaltation, and Eliakim's rise with the key of the house of David make Isaiah 22 one of the sharpest chapters on Jerusalem's blindness under pressure and the politics of stewardship. It opens with bewildered interrogation. The city is loud, crowded, and exhilarated on the housetops, yet the scene is not triumph. Its slain are not sword-slain heroes of open battle, its rulers have fled and been captured, and the prophet refuses shallow consolation as he looks on the devastation of the daughter of his people. The day belongs to the Lord YHWH of hosts: tumult, trampling, confusion, walls broken down, and cries rising to the mountain. Elam and Kir stand at the gates, the finest valleys fill with chariots, and Judah's covering is stripped away. Yet the deepest indictment falls not on military weakness alone but on spiritual misreading. Jerusalem inventories weapons, counts breaches, gathers waters, numbers houses, tears down buildings to strengthen walls, and makes a reservoir between the double walls for the old pool. All of this is strategic and energetic, but the chapter's decisive sentence is that the people did not look to the one who made the city or see the one who formed it long ago. When YHWH called for weeping, mourning, baldness, and sackcloth, the response was festal fatalism: let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die. The revealed answer is severe: this iniquity will not be atoned for until death. The final movement narrows from the city to the steward's house. Shebna, who is over the palace, is rebuked for carving out a grand tomb for himself on high, as though office guaranteed permanence and honor. YHWH will hurl him away, roll him up like a ball into a wide land, and bring his pompous chariots to shame. In his place Eliakim son of Hilkiah is called, clothed, strengthened, and given authority as a father to Jerusalem and Judah. The key of the house of David is laid on his shoulder so that what he opens none will shut and what he shuts none will open. He is driven in like a peg in a secure place and becomes a throne of glory to his father's house. Yet even that stable image is finally qualified: the peg fastened in a secure place will one day give way, and the load hanging on it will be cut off. Taken together, the oracle binds civic panic, spiritual blindness, unatoned revelry, arrogant office-holding, delegated Davidic authority, and the fragility even of established human supports into a vision where Jerusalem is judged for looking everywhere except to the God who shaped its life.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Six linked movements shape the chapter: Jerusalem's bewildered rooftop scene and captured leadership (vv. 1-4), the Lord's day of confusion and the encircling military threat (vv. 5-8a), the city's energetic defenses without theological sight (vv. 8b-11), revelry under a call to mourning and the sentence of unatoned guilt (vv. 12-14), the downfall of Shebna (vv. 15-19), and the calling and qualified establishment of Eliakim (vv. 20-25). Verse 1 should preserve the strangeness of the superscription 'valley of vision' and the interrogative opening. The rooftops suggest public excitement or alarm, but the chapter immediately exposes that atmosphere as deluded or unstable. Verses 2-4 should retain the contrast between noisy celebration and non-heroic death. The city's slain are not fallen in conventional battle, the rulers are captured in flight, and Isaiah's refusal of comfort should remain emotionally sharp. Verse 5 then marks the whole crisis as a day belonging to the Lord YHWH of hosts. The cluster of tumult, trampling, and confusion should stay dense, and the lines about wall-breaking and crying to the mountain should keep the sense of public collapse. Verses 6-8a introduce Elam and Kir and should preserve their martial concreteness. The filled valleys and horsemen at the gate show Jerusalem under real military pressure, and the phrase about uncovering Judah's covering should remain vivid because it signals exposure rather than mere strategic setback. Verses 8b-11 are among the chapter's most important lines and should be translated with their irony intact. Looking to the weapons in the House of the Forest, seeing the breaches, gathering lower-pool waters, counting houses, and breaking down buildings to fortify the wall all show intense urban competence. The reservoir between the double walls for the old pool is likewise an unmistakable act of preparation. Yet verse 11's rebuke is the theological center: they did not look to the Maker or see the one who formed the city long ago. The point is not that preparation is inherently wrong, but that preparation divorced from regard for YHWH is blindness. Verses 12-14 then sharpen that blindness into moral response. The Lord called for lament-signs, but the people answered with slaughter, meat, wine, and the fatalist line about tomorrow's death. The exposed divine word in verse 14 should remain severe and direct: this iniquity will not be expiated until death. Verses 15-19 turn to Shebna and should preserve the personal force of the rebuke. His grand tomb-cutting 'on high' must remain visible, because it embodies self-exalting permanence. The imagery of hurling, wrapping, and throwing him like a ball into a broad land should keep its humiliation. Verse 18's shame of the chariots of his glory should likewise remain explicit. Verses 20-25 then establish Eliakim, but with important texture. He is clothed and strengthened with Shebna's garments and authority, becoming a father to Jerusalem and Judah. Verse 22 is crucial and should preserve the key of the house of David on his shoulder and the authority to open and shut without reversal. Verse 23's peg in a secure place and throne of glory should remain strong, because the image explains his stabilizing office for the household. Yet verses 24-25 qualify that stability. The household's weight hangs on him down to small vessels, but in the final saying the peg fixed in a secure place gives way, falls, and the load on it is cut off. Translation should preserve that tension rather than flattening Eliakim into an uncomplicated ideal. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as an oracle where Jerusalem's crisis, festive denial, and administrative ambition are exposed under YHWH's gaze, and where even rightful authority in the Davidic household is shown as delegated, weight-bearing, and finally precarious under the sovereign word of God. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

מַשָּׂ֖א גֵּ֣יא חִזָּי֑וֹן מַה לָּ֣ךְ אֵפ֔וֹא כִּֽי עָלִ֥ית כֻּלָּ֖ךְ לַגַּגּֽוֹת

The burden of the valley of vision. What aileth you now, that you are wholly gone up to the housetops?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you went up'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
מַשָּׂ֖אburden ofN c · מַשָּׂא (H4853)Construct chain (genitival)מַשָּׂא (H4853) 'burden of'.
גֵּ֣יאin the valleyN c · גַּיְא (H1516)Construct chain (genitival)גַּיְא (H1516) 'in the valley'.
חִזָּי֑וֹןvisionN c · חִזָּיוֹן (H2384)Construct chain (genitival)חִזָּיוֹן (H2384) 'vision'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
לָּ֣ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
אֵפ֔וֹאthenart · אֵפוֹא (H645)Particle or relational elementאֵפוֹא (H645) 'then'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עָלִ֥יתyou went upQal perf 2fs · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'you went up'.
כֻּלָּ֖ךְallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
לַגַּגּֽוֹתthe roofprep + art + N com m pl abs · גָּג (H1406)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּג (H1406) 'the roof'.
2

תְּשֻׁא֣וֹת מְלֵאָ֗ה עִ֚יר הֽוֹמִיָּ֔ה קִרְיָ֖ה עַלִּיזָ֑ה חֲלָלַ֨יִךְ֙ לֹ֣א חַלְלֵי חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹ֖א מֵתֵ֥י מִלְחָמָֽה

You that are full of stirs, a tumultuous city, a joyous city: your slain not slain with the sword, nor dead in battle.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'clamorous'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
תְּשֻׁא֣וֹתcryingN c · תְּשֻׁאָה (H8663)Construct chain (genitival)תְּשֻׁאָה (H8663) 'crying'.
מְלֵאָ֗הthe full yieldAdj · מְלֵאָה (H4395)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְלֵאָה (H4395) 'the full yield'.
עִ֚ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
הֽוֹמִיָּ֔הclamorousQal ptc fs · הָמָה (H1993)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָמָה (H1993) 'clamorous'.
קִרְיָ֖הa cityN c · קִרְיָה (H7151)Construct chain (genitival)קִרְיָה (H7151) 'a city'.
עַלִּיזָ֑הjoyousAdj · עַלִּיז (H5947)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַלִּיז (H5947) 'joyous'.
חֲלָלַ֨יִךְ֙the slainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'the slain'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
חַלְלֵיthe slainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'the slain'.
חֶ֔רֶבthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
וְלֹ֖אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
מֵתֵ֥יmy deadQal ptc mp · מוּת (H4191)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמוּת (H4191) 'my dead'.
מִלְחָמָֽהwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
3

כָּל קְצִינַ֥יִךְ נָֽדְדוּ יַ֖חַד מִקֶּ֣שֶׁת אֻסָּ֑רוּ כָּל נִמְצָאַ֨יִךְ֙ אֻסְּר֣וּ יַחְדָּ֔ו מֵרָח֖וֹק בָּרָֽחוּ

All your rulers are fled together, they are bound by the archers: all that are found in you are bound together, have fled from far.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and fled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
קְצִינַ֥יִךְthe chiefs ofN c · קָצִין (H7101)Construct chain (genitival)קָצִין (H7101) 'the chiefs of'.
נָֽדְדוּand fledQal perf 3cp · נָדַד (H5074)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָדַד (H5074) 'and fled'.
יַ֖חַדtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
מִקֶּ֣שֶׁתa bowprep + N com f sg abs · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'a bow'.
אֻסָּ֑רוּshe boundPual perf 3cp · אָסַר (H631)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָסַר (H631) 'she bound'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
נִמְצָאַ֨יִךְ֙I have foundN · מָצָא (H4672)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
אֻסְּר֣וּshe boundPual perf 3cp · אָסַר (H631)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָסַר (H631) 'she bound'.
יַחְדָּ֔וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
מֵרָח֖וֹקfrom far awayprep + Adj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'from far away'.
בָּרָֽחוּand he fledQal perf 3cp · בָּרַח (H1272)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּרַח (H1272) 'and he fled'.
4

עַל כֵּ֥ן אָמַ֛רְתִּי שְׁע֥וּ מִנִּ֖י אֲמָרֵ֣ר בַּבֶּ֑כִי אַל תָּאִ֣יצוּ לְנַֽחֲמֵ֔נִי עַל שֹׁ֖ד בַּת עַמִּֽי

Therefore said I, Look away from me; I will weep bitterly, labour not to comfort me, because of the spoiling of the daughter of my people.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֥ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אָמַ֛רְתִּיI saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'I said'.
שְׁע֥וּlet them pay heedQal impv 2mp · שָׁעָה (H8159)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁעָה (H8159) 'let them pay heed'.
מִנִּ֖יfromprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
אֲמָרֵ֣רand made bitterPiel impf 1cs · מָרַר (H4843)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָרַר (H4843) 'and made bitter'.
בַּבֶּ֑כִיin weepingprep + art + N com m sg abs · בְּכִי (H1065)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּכִי (H1065) 'in weeping'.
אַלdo notneg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'do not'.
תָּאִ֣יצוּwere pressingHiphil jussive 2mp · אוּץ (H213)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalאוּץ (H213) 'were pressing'.
לְנַֽחֲמֵ֔נִיand was comfortedprep + Piel inf constr + sfx 1cs · נָחַם (H5162)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָחַם (H5162) 'and was comforted'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שֹׁ֖דdesolationN c · שֹׁד (H7701)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁד (H7701) 'desolation'.
בַּתdaughter ofN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
עַמִּֽיmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
5

כִּ֣י יוֹם֩ מְהוּמָ֨ה וּמְבוּסָ֜ה וּמְבוּכָ֗ה לַֽאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּגֵ֣יא חִזָּי֑וֹן מְקַרְקַ֥ר קִ֖ר וְשׁ֥וֹעַ אֶל הָהָֽר

For a day of trouble, and of treading down, and of perplexity by YHWH YHWH of hosts in the valley of vision, breaking down the walls, and of crying to the mountains.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and shall tear down'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יוֹם֩dayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
מְהוּמָ֨הconfusionN c · מְהוּמָה (H4103)Construct chain (genitival)מְהוּמָה (H4103) 'confusion'.
וּמְבוּסָ֜הandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מְבוּסָה (H4001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְבוּסָה (H4001) 'and'.
וּמְבוּכָ֗הandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מְבוּכָה (H3998)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְבוּכָה (H3998) 'and'.
לַֽאדֹנָ֧יto my Lordprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'to my Lord'.
יְהוִ֛הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
בְּגֵ֣יאin the valleyprep + N com c sg constr · גַּיְא (H1516)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּיְא (H1516) 'in the valley'.
חִזָּי֑וֹןvisionN c · חִזָּיוֹן (H2384)Construct chain (genitival)חִזָּיוֹן (H2384) 'vision'.
מְקַרְקַ֥רand shall tear downl ptc ms · קַרְקַר (H6979)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקַרְקַר (H6979) 'and shall tear down'.
קִ֖רthe wallN c · קִיר (H7023)Construct chain (genitival)קִיר (H7023) 'the wall'.
וְשׁ֥וֹעַandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שׁוֹעַ (H7771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שׁוֹעַ (H7771) 'and'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הָהָֽרthe mountainart + N com m sg abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountain'.
6

וְעֵילָם֙ נָשָׂ֣א אַשְׁפָּ֔ה בְּרֶ֥כֶב אָדָ֖ם פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים וְקִ֥יר עֵרָ֖ה מָגֵֽן

And Elam bare the quiver with chariots of men horsemen, and Kir uncovered the shield.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'lifts up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְעֵילָם֙Elamconj וְ + N proper · עֵילָם (H5867)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵילָם (H5867) 'Elam'.
נָשָׂ֣אlifts upQal perf 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
אַשְׁפָּ֔הquiverN c · אַשְׁפָּה (H827)Construct chain (genitival)אַשְׁפָּה (H827) 'quiver'.
בְּרֶ֥כֶבwith chariotsprep + N com m sg constr · רֶכֶב (H7393)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶכֶב (H7393) 'with chariots'.
אָדָ֖םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
פָּֽרָשִׁ֑יםhorsemenN c · פָּרָשׁ (H6571)Construct chain (genitival)פָּרָשׁ (H6571) 'horsemen'.
וְקִ֥ירKir. Compareconj וְ + N proper · קִיר (H7024)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קִיר (H7024) 'Kir. Compare'.
עֵרָ֖הhe has laid barePiel perf 3ms · עָרָה (H6168)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָרָה (H6168) 'he has laid bare'.
מָגֵֽןthe shield ofN c · מָגֵן (H4043)Construct chain (genitival)מָגֵן (H4043) 'the shield of'.
7

וַיְהִ֥י מִבְחַר עֲמָקַ֖יִךְ מָ֣לְאוּ רָ֑כֶב וְהַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים שֹׁ֖ת שָׁ֥תוּ הַשָּֽׁעְרָה

And it shall come to pass, your choicest valleys shall be full of chariots, and the horsemen shall set themselves in array at the gate.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיְהִ֥יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
מִבְחַרthe choice ofN c · מִבְחָר (H4005)Construct chain (genitival)מִבְחָר (H4005) 'the choice of'.
עֲמָקַ֖יִךְin the valley ofN c · עֵמֶק (H6010)Construct chain (genitival)עֵמֶק (H6010) 'in the valley of'.
מָ֣לְאוּthey have fully followedQal perf 3cp · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלֵא (H4390) 'they have fully followed'.
רָ֑כֶבchariots ofN c · רֶכֶב (H7393)Construct chain (genitival)רֶכֶב (H7393) 'chariots of'.
וְהַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔יםand his horsemenconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · פָּרָשׁ (H6571)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּרָשׁ (H6571) 'and his horsemen'.
שֹׁ֖תhe set/paidQal inf abs · שִׁית (H7896)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionשִׁית (H7896) 'he set/paid'.
שָׁ֥תוּthey put (on)Qal perf 3cp · שִׁית (H7896)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׁית (H7896) 'they put (on)'.
הַשָּֽׁעְרָהto the gateart + N com m sg abs + Sd · שַׁעַר (H8179)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁעַר (H8179) 'to the gate'.
8

וַיְגַ֕ל אֵ֖ת מָסַ֣ךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַתַּבֵּט֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא אֶל נֶ֖שֶׁק בֵּ֥ית הַיָּֽעַר

And he discovered the covering of Judah, and you didst look in that day to the armour of the house of the forest.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he uncovered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיְגַ֕לand he uncoveredconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּלָה (H1540) 'and he uncovered'.
אֵ֖ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מָסַ֣ךְthe screen ofN c · מָסָךְ (H4539)Construct chain (genitival)מָסָךְ (H4539) 'the screen of'.
יְהוּדָ֑הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
וַתַּבֵּט֙but she looked backconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 2ms · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָבַט (H5027) 'but she looked back'.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֔וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
נֶ֖שֶׁקandN c · נֶשֶׁק (H5402)Construct chain (genitival)נֶשֶׁק (H5402) 'and'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
הַיָּֽעַרinto the forestart + N com m sg abs · יַעַר (H3293)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעַר (H3293) 'into the forest'.
9

וְאֵ֨ת בְּקִיעֵ֧י עִיר דָּוִ֛ד רְאִיתֶ֖ם כִּי רָ֑בּוּ וַֽתְּקַבְּצ֔וּ אֶת מֵ֥י הַבְּרֵכָ֖ה הַתַּחְתּוֹנָֽה

You have seen also the breaches of the city of David, that they are many: and you gathered together the waters of the lower pool.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְאֵ֨תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
בְּקִיעֵ֧יbreachN c · בְּקִיעַ (H1233)Construct chain (genitival)בְּקִיעַ (H1233) 'breach'.
עִירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
דָּוִ֛דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
רְאִיתֶ֖םyou have seenQal perf 2mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'you have seen'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
רָ֑בּוּand multiplyQal perf 3cp · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָבָה (H7235) 'and multiply'.
וַֽתְּקַבְּצ֔וּand he gatheredconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 2mp · קָבַץ (H6908)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַץ (H6908) 'and he gathered'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
מֵ֥יthe waters ofN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'the waters of'.
הַבְּרֵכָ֖ה(fish-) poolart + N com f sg abs · בְּרֵכָה (H1295)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּרֵכָה (H1295) '(fish-) pool'.
הַתַּחְתּוֹנָֽהlowerart + Adj · תַּחְתּוֹן (H8481)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּחְתּוֹן (H8481) 'lower'.
10

וְאֶת בָּתֵּ֥י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם סְפַרְתֶּ֑ם וַתִּתְֿצוּ֙ הַבָּ֣תִּ֔ים לְבַצֵּ֖ר הַחוֹמָֽה

And you have numbered the houses of Jerusalem, and the houses have you broken down to fortify the wall.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he recounted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
בָּתֵּ֥יthe houses ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the houses of'.
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖םJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
סְפַרְתֶּ֑םand he recountedQal perf 2mp · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָפַר (H5608) 'and he recounted'.
וַתִּתְֿצוּ֙you shall tear downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2mp · נָתַץ (H5422)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַץ (H5422) 'you shall tear down'.
הַבָּ֣תִּ֔יםthe housesart + N com m pl abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the houses'.
לְבַצֵּ֖רfortifiedprep + Piel inf constr · בָּצוּר (H1219)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּצוּר (H1219) 'fortified'.
הַחוֹמָֽהthe city-wallart + N com f sg abs · חוֹמָה (H2346)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'the city-wall'.
11

וּמִקְוָ֣ה עֲשִׂיתֶ֗ם בֵּ֚ין הַחֹ֣מֹתַ֔יִם לְמֵ֖י הַבְּרֵכָ֣ה הַיְשָׁנָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א הִבַּטְתֶּם֙ אֶל עֹשֶׂ֔יהָ וְיֹצְרָ֥הּ מֵֽרָח֖וֹק לֹ֥א רְאִיתֶֽם

You made also a ditch between the two walls for the water of the old pool: but you have not looked to the maker thereof, neither had respect to him that fashioned it long ago.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have done'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וּמִקְוָ֣הandconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מִקְוָה (H4724)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִקְוָה (H4724) 'and'.
עֲשִׂיתֶ֗םyou have doneQal perf 2mp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you have done'.
בֵּ֚יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
הַחֹ֣מֹתַ֔יִםthe city-wallart + N com f du abs · חוֹמָה (H2346)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'the city-wall'.
לְמֵ֖יto the waters ofprep + N com m pl constr · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'to the waters of'.
הַבְּרֵכָ֣ה(fish-) poolart + N com f sg abs · בְּרֵכָה (H1295)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּרֵכָה (H1295) '(fish-) pool'.
הַיְשָׁנָ֑הoldart + Adj · יָשָׁן (H3465)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשָׁן (H3465) 'old'.
וְלֹ֤אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
הִבַּטְתֶּם֙from lookingHiphil perf 2mp · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָבַט (H5027) 'from looking'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עֹשֶׂ֔יהָhe didQal ptc ms + sfx 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
וְיֹצְרָ֥הּformedconj וְ + Qal ptc ms + sfx 3fs · יָצַר (H3335)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצַר (H3335) 'formed'.
מֵֽרָח֖וֹקfrom far awayprep + Adj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'from far away'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
רְאִיתֶֽםyou have seenQal perf 2mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'you have seen'.
12

וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא לִבְכִי֙ וּלְמִסְפֵּ֔ד וּלְקָרְחָ֖ה וְלַחֲגֹ֥ר שָֽׂק

And in that day did YHWH YHWH of hosts call to weeping, and to mourning, and to baldness, and to girding with sackcloth:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he called'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּקְרָ֗אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
אֲדֹנָ֧יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֛הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֖וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֑וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
לִבְכִי֙weepingprep + N com m sg abs · בְּכִי (H1065)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּכִי (H1065) 'weeping'.
וּלְמִסְפֵּ֔דlamentationconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · מִסְפֵּד (H4553)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְפֵּד (H4553) 'lamentation'.
וּלְקָרְחָ֖הbaldnessconj וְ + prep + N com f sg abs · קָרְחָה (H7144)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרְחָה (H7144) 'baldness'.
וְלַחֲגֹ֥רgirdedconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · חָגַר (H2296)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָגַר (H2296) 'girded'.
שָֽׂקsackclothN c · שַׂק (H8242)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂק (H8242) 'sackcloth'.
13

וְהִנֵּ֣ה שָׂשׂ֣וֹן וְשִׂמְחָ֗ה הָרֹ֤ג בָּקָר֙ וְשָׁחֹ֣ט צֹ֔אן אָכֹ֥ל בָּשָׂ֖ר וְשָׁת֣וֹת יָ֑יִן אָכ֣וֹל וְשָׁת֔וֹ כִּ֥י מָחָ֖ר נָמֽוּת

And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen, and killing sheep, eating flesh, and drinking wine: let us eat and drink; for to morrow we shall die.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant actionwə
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'surely'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְהִנֵּ֣הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
שָׂשׂ֣וֹןgladnessN c · שָׂשׂוֹן (H8342)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂשׂוֹן (H8342) 'gladness'.
וְשִׂמְחָ֗הwith joyconj וְ + N com f sg abs · שִׂמְחָה (H8057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׂמְחָה (H8057) 'with joy'.
הָרֹ֤גsurelyQal inf abs · הָרַג (H2026)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionהָרַג (H2026) 'surely'.
בָּקָר֙cattleN c · בָּקָר (H1241)Construct chain (genitival)בָּקָר (H1241) 'cattle'.
וְשָׁחֹ֣טand he shall slaughterconj וְ + Qal inf abs · שָׁחַט (H7819)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionשָׁחַט (H7819) 'and he shall slaughter'.
צֹ֔אןflocksN c · צֹאן (H6629)Construct chain (genitival)צֹאן (H6629) 'flocks'.
אָכֹ֥לeatsQal inf abs · אָכַל (H398)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionאָכַל (H398) 'eats'.
בָּשָׂ֖רfleshN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'flesh'.
וְשָׁת֣וֹתto drinkconj וְ + Qal inf abs · שָׁתָה (H8354)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'.
יָ֑יִןwineN c · יַיִן (H3196)Construct chain (genitival)יַיִן (H3196) 'wine'.
אָכ֣וֹלconsumingQal inf abs · אָכַל (H398)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionאָכַל (H398) 'consuming'.
וְשָׁת֔וֹto drinkconj וְ + Qal inf abs · שָׁתָה (H8354)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מָחָ֖רtomorrowN c · מָחָר (H4279)Construct chain (genitival)מָחָר (H4279) 'tomorrow'.
נָמֽוּתshould we dieQal impf 1cp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'should we die'.
14

וְנִגְלָ֥ה בְאָזְנָ֖י יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אִם יְ֠כֻפַּר הֶעָוֺ֨ן הַזֶּ֤ה לָכֶם֙ עַד תְּמֻת֔וּן אָמַ֛ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת

And it was revealed in mine ears by YHWH of hosts, Surely this iniquity shall not be purged from you till you die, says YHWH YHWH of hosts.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'shall you uncover'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְנִגְלָ֥הshall you uncoverconj וְ + Niphal perf 3ms · גָּלָה (H1540)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
בְאָזְנָ֖יin the ears ofprep + N com f du constr + sfx 1cs · אֹזֶן (H241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֑וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יְ֠כֻפַּרhe shall make atonementPual impf 3ms · כִּפֶּר (H3722)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכִּפֶּר (H3722) 'he shall make atonement'.
הֶעָוֺ֨ןthe iniquity ofart + N com c sg abs · עָוֹן (H5771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
הַזֶּ֤הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
לָכֶם֙to youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
תְּמֻת֔וּןyou will dieQal impf 2mp + Sn · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'you will die'.
אָמַ֛רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֲדֹנָ֥יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֖הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
צְבָאֽוֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
15

כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת לֶךְ בֹּא֙ אֶל הַסֹּכֵ֣ן הַזֶּ֔ה עַל שֶׁבְנָ֖א אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל הַבָּֽיִת

Thus says YHWH YHWH of hosts, Go, get you to this treasurer, to Shebna, which over the house, ,

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כֹּ֥הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֛רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֲדֹנָ֥יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֖הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֑וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
לֶךְgoQal impv 2ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'go'.
בֹּא֙cameQal impv 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935) 'came'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַסֹּכֵ֣ןhave I everart + Qal ptc ms · סָכַן (H5532)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָכַן (H5532) 'have I ever'.
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שֶׁבְנָ֖אandN · שֶׁבְנָא (H7644)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבְנָא (H7644) 'and'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַבָּֽיִתthe houseart + N com m sg abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house'.
16

מַה לְּךָ֥ פֹה֙ וּמִ֣י לְךָ֣ פֹ֔ה כִּֽי חָצַ֧בְתָּ לְּךָ֛ פֹּ֖ה קָ֑בֶר חֹצְבִ֤י מָרוֹם֙ קִבְר֔וֹ חֹקְקִ֥י בַסֶּ֖לַע מִשְׁכָּ֥ן לֽוֹ

What have you here? and whom have you here, that you have hewed you out a sepulchre here, he that heweth him out a sepulchre on high, that graveth an habitation for himself in a rock?

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you hewed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
לְּךָ֥to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
פֹה֙hereart · פֹּה (H6311)Particle or relational elementפֹּה (H6311) 'here'.
וּמִ֣יand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
לְךָ֣to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
פֹ֔הhereart · פֹּה (H6311)Particle or relational elementפֹּה (H6311) 'here'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
חָצַ֧בְתָּyou hewedQal perf 2ms · חָצוּב (H2672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָצוּב (H2672) 'you hewed'.
לְּךָ֛to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
פֹּ֖הhereart · פֹּה (H6311)Particle or relational elementפֹּה (H6311) 'here'.
קָ֑בֶרburialN c · קֶבֶר (H6913)Construct chain (genitival)קֶבֶר (H6913) 'burial'.
חֹצְבִ֤יhewnQal ptc ms · חָצוּב (H2672)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָצוּב (H2672) 'hewn'.
מָרוֹם֙the heights ofN c · מָרוֹם (H4791)Construct chain (genitival)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
קִבְר֔וֹhis tombN c · קֶבֶר (H6913)Construct chain (genitival)קֶבֶר (H6913) 'his tomb'.
חֹקְקִ֥יthe commanderQal ptc ms · חָקַק (H2710)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָקַק (H2710) 'the commander'.
בַסֶּ֖לַעin the rockprep + art + N com m sg abs · סֶלַע (H5553)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֶלַע (H5553) 'in the rock'.
מִשְׁכָּ֥ןthe tabernacle ofN c · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'the tabernacle of'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
17

הִנֵּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ מְטַלְטֶלְךָ֔ טַלְטֵלָ֖ה גָּ֑בֶר וְעֹטְךָ֖ עָטֹֽה

Behold, YHWH will carry you away with a mighty captivity, and will surely cover you.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorhinneh
Presentative hinneh, putting a new scene or surprise on stage. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מְטַלְטֶלְךָ֔andl ptc ms + sfx 2ms · טוּל (H2904)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorטוּל (H2904) 'and'.
טַלְטֵלָ֖הcaptivityN c · טַלְטֵלָה (H2925)Construct chain (genitival)טַלְטֵלָה (H2925) 'captivity'.
גָּ֑בֶרa manN c · גֶּבֶר (H1397)Construct chain (genitival)גֶּבֶר (H1397) 'a man'.
וְעֹטְךָ֖he shall coverconj וְ + Qal ptc ms + sfx 2ms · עָטָה (H5844)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָטָה (H5844) 'he shall cover'.
עָטֹֽהhe shall coverQal inf abs · עָטָה (H5844)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionעָטָה (H5844) 'he shall cover'.
18

צָנ֤וֹף יִצְנָפְךָ֙ צְנֵפָ֔ה כַּדּ֕וּר אֶל אֶ֖רֶץ רַחֲבַ֣ת יָדָ֑יִם שָׁ֣מָּה תָמ֗וּת וְשָׁ֨מָּה֙ מַרְכְּב֣וֹת כְּבוֹדֶ֔ךָ קְל֖וֹן בֵּ֥ית אֲדֹנֶֽיךָ

He will surely violently turn and toss you a ball into a large country: there shall you die, and there the chariots of your glory the shame of your lord's house.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'he shall wrap'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
צָנ֤וֹףhe shall wrapQal inf abs · צָנַף (H6801)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionצָנַף (H6801) 'he shall wrap'.
יִצְנָפְךָ֙he shall wrapQal impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · צָנַף (H6801)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָנַף (H6801) 'he shall wrap'.
צְנֵפָ֔הtossN c · צְנֵפָה (H6802)Construct chain (genitival)צְנֵפָה (H6802) 'toss'.
כַּדּ֕וּרballN c · דּוּר (H1754)Construct chain (genitival)דּוּר (H1754) 'ball'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
אֶ֖רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
רַחֲבַ֣תbroad ofAdj · רָחָב (H7342)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחָב (H7342) 'broad of'.
יָדָ֑יִםhandsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'hands'.
שָׁ֣מָּהthereart + Sd · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
תָמ֗וּתyou shall dieQal impf 2ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'you shall die'.
וְשָׁ֨מָּה֙but thereconj וְ + art + Sd · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'but there'.
מַרְכְּב֣וֹתtheir chariotsN c · מֶרְכָּבָה (H4818)Construct chain (genitival)מֶרְכָּבָה (H4818) 'their chariots'.
כְּבוֹדֶ֔ךָthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
קְל֖וֹןconfusionN c · קָלוֹן (H7036)Construct chain (genitival)קָלוֹן (H7036) 'confusion'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
אֲדֹנֶֽיךָyour masterN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'your master'.
19

וַהֲדַפְתִּ֖יךָ מִמַּצָּבֶ֑ךָ וּמִמַּעֲמָֽדְךָ֖ יֶהֶרְסֶֽךָ

And I will drive you from your station, and from your state shall he pull you down.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you overthrow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 4 words
וַהֲדַפְתִּ֖יךָhe shoved himconj וְ + Qal q 1cs + sfx 2ms · הָדַף (H1920)Particle or relational elementהָדַף (H1920) 'he shoved him'.
מִמַּצָּבֶ֑ךָthe standing place ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · מַצָּב (H4673)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַצָּב (H4673) 'the standing place of'.
וּמִמַּעֲמָֽדְךָ֖andconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · מַעֲמָד (H4612)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲמָד (H4612) 'and'.
יֶהֶרְסֶֽךָyou overthrowQal impf 3ms + sfx 2ms · הָרַס (H2040)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָרַס (H2040) 'you overthrow'.
20

וְהָיָ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וְקָרָ֣אתִי לְעַבְדִּ֔י לְאֶלְיָקִ֖ים בֶּן חִלְקִיָּֽהוּ

And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will call my servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah:

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְהָיָ֖הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֑וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
וְקָרָ֣אתִיand callconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Particle or relational elementקָרָא (H7121) 'and call'.
לְעַבְדִּ֔יto my servantprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'to my servant'.
לְאֶלְיָקִ֖יםEliakimprep + N proper · אֶלְיָקִים (H471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלְיָקִים (H471) 'Eliakim'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
חִלְקִיָּֽהוּHillkiahN · חִלְקִיָּה (H2518)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִלְקִיָּה (H2518) 'Hillkiah'.
21

וְהִלְבַּשְׁתִּ֣יו כֻּתָּנְתֶּ֗ךָ וְאַבְנֵֽטְךָ֙ אֲחַזְּקֶ֔נּוּ וּמֶֽמְשֶׁלְתְּךָ֖ אֶתֵּ֣ן בְּיָד֑וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לְאָ֛ב לְיוֹשֵׁ֥ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וּלְבֵ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה

And I will clothe him with your robe, and strengthen him with your girdle, and I will commit your government into his hand: and he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and to the house of Judah.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'be strong'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְהִלְבַּשְׁתִּ֣יוand you shall clotheconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs + sfx 3ms · לָבַשׁ (H3847)Particle or relational elementלָבַשׁ (H3847) 'and you shall clothe'.
כֻּתָּנְתֶּ֗ךָthe tunic ofN c · כְּתֹנֶת (H3801)Construct chain (genitival)כְּתֹנֶת (H3801) 'the tunic of'.
וְאַבְנֵֽטְךָ֙and a sashconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · אַבְנֵט (H73)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַבְנֵט (H73) 'and a sash'.
אֲחַזְּקֶ֔נּוּbe strongPiel impf 1cs + sfx 3ms · חָזַק (H2388)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָזַק (H2388) 'be strong'.
וּמֶֽמְשֶׁלְתְּךָ֖for the rule ofconj וְ + N com c sg constr + sfx 2ms · מֶמְשֶׁלֶת (H4475)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶמְשֶׁלֶת (H4475) 'for the rule of'.
אֶתֵּ֣ןI will giveQal impf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'I will give'.
בְּיָד֑וֹin his handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'in his hand'.
וְהָיָ֥הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
לְאָ֛בfather ofprep + N com m sg abs · אָב (H1)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָב (H1) 'father of'.
לְיוֹשֵׁ֥בwith the inhabitant ofprep + Qal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'with the inhabitant of'.
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖םJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
וּלְבֵ֥יתand by the house ofconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'and by the house of'.
יְהוּדָֽהJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
22

וְנָתַתִּ֛י מַפְתֵּ֥חַ בֵּית דָּוִ֖ד עַל שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וּפָתַח֙ וְאֵ֣ין סֹגֵ֔ר וְסָגַ֖ר וְאֵ֥ין פֹּתֵֽחַ

And the key of the house of David will I lay upon his shoulder; so he shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none shall open.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he opened'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְנָתַתִּ֛יand I will giveconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'and I will give'.
מַפְתֵּ֥חַthe keyN c · מַפְתֵּחַ (H4668)Construct chain (genitival)מַפְתֵּחַ (H4668) 'the key'.
בֵּיתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שִׁכְמ֑וֹhis shoulderN c · שְׁכֶם (H7926)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁכֶם (H7926) 'his shoulder'.
וּפָתַח֙and he openedconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּתַח (H6605) 'and he opened'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
סֹגֵ֔רhas shutQal ptc ms · סָגַר (H5462)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָגַר (H5462) 'has shut'.
וְסָגַ֖רhas shutconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · סָגַר (H5462)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָגַר (H5462) 'has shut'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
פֹּתֵֽחַsurely (open)Qal ptc ms · פָּתַח (H6605)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּתַח (H6605) 'surely (open)'.
23

וּתְקַעְתִּ֥יו יָתֵ֖ד בְּמָק֣וֹם נֶאֱמָ֑ן וְהָיָ֛ה לְכִסֵּ֥א כָב֖וֹד לְבֵ֥ית אָבִֽיו

And I will fasten him a nail in a sure place; and he shall be for a glorious throne to his father's house.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וּתְקַעְתִּ֥יוand they blewconj וְ + Qal q 1cs + sfx 3ms · תָּקַע (H8628)Particle or relational elementתָּקַע (H8628) 'and they blew'.
יָתֵ֖דthe peg ofN c · יָתֵד (H3489)Construct chain (genitival)יָתֵד (H3489) 'the peg of'.
בְּמָק֣וֹםin the placeprep + N com m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'in the place'.
נֶאֱמָ֑ןfaithfulN · אָמַן (H539)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
וְהָיָ֛הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
לְכִסֵּ֥אthe throneprep + N com m sg constr · כִּסֵּא (H3678)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כִּסֵּא (H3678) 'the throne'.
כָב֖וֹדthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
לְבֵ֥יתby the house ofprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'by the house of'.
אָבִֽיוhis fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'his father'.
24

וְתָל֨וּ עָלָ֜יו כֹּ֣ל כְּב֣וֹד בֵּית אָבִ֗יו הַצֶּֽאֱצָאִים֙ וְהַצְּפִע֔וֹת כֹּ֖ל כְּלֵ֣י הַקָּטָ֑ן מִכְּלֵי֙ הָֽאַגָּנ֔וֹת וְעַ֖ד כָּל כְּלֵ֥י הַנְּבָלִֽים

And they shall hang upon him all the glory of his father's house, the offspring and the issue, all vessels of small quantity, from the vessels of cups, even to all the vessels of flagons.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְתָל֨וּhe hangedconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · תָּלָה (H8518)Particle or relational elementתָּלָה (H8518) 'he hanged'.
עָלָ֜יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
כֹּ֣לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
כְּב֣וֹדthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
בֵּיתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
אָבִ֗יוhis fatherN c · אָב (H1)Construct chain (genitival)אָב (H1) 'his father'.
הַצֶּֽאֱצָאִים֙that which cometh forthart + N com m pl abs · צֶאֱצָא (H6631)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶאֱצָא (H6631) 'that which cometh forth'.
וְהַצְּפִע֔וֹתandconj וְ + art + N com f pl abs · צְפִעָה (H6849)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְפִעָה (H6849) 'and'.
כֹּ֖לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
כְּלֵ֣יarticle ofN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'article of'.
הַקָּטָ֑ןthe youngestart + Adj · קָטֹן (H6996)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָטֹן (H6996) 'the youngest'.
מִכְּלֵי֙its vesselsprep + N com m pl constr · כְּלִי (H3627)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
הָֽאַגָּנ֔וֹתin the basinsart + N com m pl abs · אַגָּן (H101)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַגָּן (H101) 'in the basins'.
וְעַ֖דand toconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'and to'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
כְּלֵ֥יarticle ofN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'article of'.
הַנְּבָלִֽיםandart + N com m pl abs · נֶבֶל (H5035)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶבֶל (H5035) 'and'.
25

בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נְאֻם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת תָּמוּשׁ֙ הַיָּתֵ֔ד הַתְּקוּעָ֖ה בְּמָק֣וֹם נֶאֱמָ֑ן וְנִגְדְּעָ֣ה וְנָפְלָ֗ה וְנִכְרַת֙ הַמַּשָּׂ֣א אֲשֶׁר עָלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר

In that day, says YHWH of hosts, shall the nail that is fastened in the sure place be removed, and be cut down, and fall; and the burden that upon it shall be cut off: for YHWH has spoken .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he removed/it departed'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֗וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
נְאֻם֙utterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֔וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
תָּמוּשׁ֙he removed/it departedQal impf 3fs · מוּשׁ (H4185)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּשׁ (H4185) 'he removed/it departed'.
הַיָּתֵ֔דthe pegart + N com f sg abs · יָתֵד (H3489)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָתֵד (H3489) 'the peg'.
הַתְּקוּעָ֖הand they blewart + Qal ptc fs · תָּקַע (H8628)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorתָּקַע (H8628) 'and they blew'.
בְּמָק֣וֹםin the placeprep + N com m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'in the place'.
נֶאֱמָ֑ןfaithfulN · אָמַן (H539)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
וְנִגְדְּעָ֣הyou shall hew downconj וְ + Niphal q 3fs · גָּדַע (H1438)Particle or relational elementגָּדַע (H1438) 'you shall hew down'.
וְנָפְלָ֗הand it shall fallconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · נָפַל (H5307)Particle or relational elementנָפַל (H5307) 'and it shall fall'.
וְנִכְרַת֙shall be cut offconj וְ + Niphal q 3ms · כָּרַת (H3772)Particle or relational elementכָּרַת (H3772) 'shall be cut off'.
הַמַּשָּׂ֣אtheir burdenart + N com m sg abs · מַשָּׂא (H4853)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַשָּׂא (H4853) 'their burden'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָלֶ֔יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
דִּבֵּֽרspeakPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.