Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 2ישעיהו 2

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Exalted Zion, nations taught by Torah, the end of war, Judah's idol-filled fullness, the day of YHWH against every height, and the final renunciation of trust in man create one of the book's clearest juxtapositions of promise and humbling. It opens with one of Scripture's great Zion visions. In the latter days the mountain of YHWH's house will stand established above the hills, all the nations will stream to it, and many peoples will invite one another to ascend because instruction and the word of YHWH go out from Zion and Jerusalem. The center of the vision is not merely geopolitical prominence but judicial and pedagogical rule. YHWH teaches, judges, and settles disputes, and the effect is the undoing of war itself: swords become plowshares and spears pruning hooks. The nations are not absorbed into chaos but reordered around divine instruction. The brief exhortation to the house of Jacob then shows the prophetic force of the vision: Judah is being called to walk now in the light that one day will draw the world. Yet the oracle pivots almost immediately from future Zion to present Judah. The people are full - not of righteousness, but of eastern borrowings, Philistine-style soothsaying, foreign entanglements, silver, gold, horses, chariots, and above all idols made by human fingers. The result is a sustained collision between what Zion is destined to become and what Jacob presently loves. That collision is resolved by the day of YHWH. Human loftiness, whether embodied in proud eyes, mountains, towers, walls, ships, or beautiful display, will be brought low so that YHWH alone is exalted. Idols will vanish, and those who trusted in them will flee into caves and rock-clefts before the terror and splendor of YHWH when he arises to terrify the earth. The final imperative therefore gathers the whole argument into one practical verdict: stop regarding man, whose breath is in his nostrils. Taken together, the passage binds eschatological hope, Zion-centered instruction, critique of borrowed power, anti-idolatrous exposure, cosmic day-of-YHWH humiliation, and the rejection of human self-importance into a prophetic unit where glory and judgment are inseparable. The same Lord who will make Zion the source of peace will first strip Judah of every false ground of pride.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Eight movements shape the chapter: heading (v. 1), latter-days Zion vision (vv. 2-4), exhortation to the house of Jacob (v. 5), present indictment of Judah's foreign-filled and idol-filled condition (vv. 6-9), the first terror-and-humbling announcement (vv. 10-11), the catalog of what the day of YHWH will level (vv. 12-16), the collapse of pride and idols under that day (vv. 17-21), and the closing warning against trust in man (v. 22). Verse 1 should preserve the concise heading formula, which parallels but does not simply duplicate the opening superscription of chapter 1. Verses 2-4 are one of Isaiah's programmatic Zion oracles and should be translated with solemn clarity. The phrase 'in the latter days' in verse 2 should remain as such rather than being flattened into vague futurity. Verse 3's torah-from-Zion line is especially important; תורה here should retain the sense of instruction rather than being reduced merely to abstract teaching, because the nations are coming to be ordered by YHWH's revealed ways. Verse 4's sword-to-plowshare and spear-to-pruning-hook imagery should remain concrete and tactile, since it portrays the conversion of instruments of violence into instruments of cultivation. Verse 5 serves as a hinge and should remain imperative and inviting: the house of Jacob is summoned to walk in YHWH's light now. Verses 6-9 then pivot sharply to present corruption and deserve careful handling. Verse 6's wording about being 'full from the east' and practicing soothsaying like the Philistines should remain somewhat open where the Hebrew is compact, but the central sense is clear: Judah has imported foreign influences and made common cause with alien patterns. Verses 7-8 repeat the line that the land is 'filled,' first with wealth and military resources and then with idols. That repetition is critical to the chapter's rhetoric. The fullness of Judah is a false fullness that displaces trust in YHWH. Verse 9's final clause should preserve the force of the appeal not to forgive or lift them up, depending on construal, because the chapter is no longer only diagnosing but turning toward sentence. Verses 10-21 introduce and develop the day of YHWH, and their repeated phrases should be preserved rather than smoothed away. Verse 10's command to enter the rock and hide in the dust is the first human response to the coming terror. Verse 11 gives the chapter's governing refrain: human loftiness is brought low, and YHWH alone is exalted in that day. Verse 12 then names the day itself as belonging to YHWH of hosts and directed against all that is proud and high. The catalog in verses 13-16 should remain cumulative and concrete: cedars, oaks, mountains, hills, towers, walls, ships of Tarshish, and beautiful craft. The point is not that these items are morally identical in every respect, but that all symbols of created grandeur, political security, commercial reach, and aesthetic human achievement stand beneath YHWH's leveling judgment. Verses 19-21 repeat the flight into rock-clefts and caves, and the phrase 'when he rises to terrify the earth' should remain forceful. Verse 22 closes the chapter with a terse imperative that should stay abrupt: stop regarding man. The reason clause identifies man as the creature whose breath is in his nostrils, which is an intentionally fragile picture. The final question should preserve its rhetorical dismissal: of what account is he? Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as the chapter where the future supremacy of Zion and the present humiliation of Judah are held together by the coming day of YHWH, so that the nations' peaceable pilgrimage and Judah's shattered pride belong to the same divine rule. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן אָמ֑וֹץ עַל יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָֽם

The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he sees/beholds'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הַדָּבָר֙the wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
חָזָ֔הhe sees/beholdsQal perf 3ms · חָזָה (H2372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָזָה (H2372) 'he sees/beholds'.
יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖הוּIsaiahN · יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470) 'Isaiah'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אָמ֑וֹץAmozN · אָמוֹץ (H531)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמוֹץ (H531) 'Amoz'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יְהוּדָ֖הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
וִירוּשָׁלִָֽםJerusalemconj וְ + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
2

וְהָיָ֣ה בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַיָּמִ֗ים נָכ֨וֹן יִֽהְיֶ֜ה הַ֤ר בֵּית יְהוָה֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הֶהָרִ֔ים וְנִשָּׂ֖א מִגְּבָע֑וֹת וְנָהֲר֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו כָּל הַגּוֹיִֽם

And it shall come to pass in the last days, the mountain of YHWH's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow to it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְהָיָ֣הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
בְּאַחֲרִ֣יתin the latterprep + N com f sg constr · אַחֲרִית (H319)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַחֲרִית (H319) 'in the latter'.
הַיָּמִ֗יםthe daysart + N com m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'the days'.
נָכ֨וֹןconfirmedN · כּוּן (H3559)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוּן (H3559) 'confirmed'.
יִֽהְיֶ֜הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
הַ֤רMountN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'Mount'.
בֵּיתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בְּרֹ֣אשׁon the top ofprep + N com m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'on the top of'.
הֶהָרִ֔יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains'.
וְנִשָּׂ֖אand he shall bearconj וְ + Niphal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and he shall bear'.
מִגְּבָע֑וֹתthe hills ofprep + N com f pl abs · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
וְנָהֲר֥וּandconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · נָהַר (H5102)Particle or relational elementנָהַר (H5102) 'and'.
אֵלָ֖יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַגּוֹיִֽםthe nationsart + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'the nations'.
3

וְֽהָלְכ֞וּ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים וְאָמְרוּ֙ לְכ֣וּ וְנַעֲלֶ֣ה אֶל הַר יְהוָ֗ה אֶל בֵּית֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיֹרֵ֨נוּ֙ מִדְּרָכָ֔יו וְנֵלְכָ֖ה בְּאֹרְחֹתָ֑יו כִּ֤י מִצִּיּוֹן֙ תֵּצֵ֣א תוֹרָ֔ה וּדְבַר יְהוָ֖ה מִירוּשָׁלִָֽם

And many people shall go and say, Come you, and let us go up to the mountain of YHWH, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of YHWH from Jerusalem.

Imperative — volitional addresswə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
וְֽהָלְכ֞וּand would goconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · הָלַךְ (H1980)Particle or relational elementהָלַךְ (H1980) 'and would go'.
עַמִּ֣יםpeoplesN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'peoples'.
רַבִּ֗יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
וְאָמְרוּ֙and they will sayconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and they will say'.
לְכ֣וּgoQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'go'.
וְנַעֲלֶ֣הand was liftedconj וְ + Qal impf 1cp · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלָה (H5927) 'and was lifted'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַרMountN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'Mount'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּית֙the house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יַעֲקֹ֔בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
וְיֹרֵ֨נוּ֙and to teachconj וְ + Hiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cp · יָרָה (H3384)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
מִדְּרָכָ֔יוon the wayprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'on the way'.
וְנֵלְכָ֖הand let us goconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and let us go'.
בְּאֹרְחֹתָ֑יוthe way ofprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · אֹרַח (H734)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹרַח (H734) 'the way of'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִצִּיּוֹן֙Zionprep + N proper · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
תֵּצֵ֣אyou go outQal impf 3fs · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'you go out'.
תוֹרָ֔הa torahN c · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'a torah'.
וּדְבַרand the word ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'and the word of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִירוּשָׁלִָֽםJerusalemprep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
4

וְשָׁפַט֙ בֵּ֣ין הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ לְעַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹא יִשָּׂ֨א ג֤וֹי אֶל גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא יִלְמְד֥וּ ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה

And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'carries'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וְשָׁפַט֙and judgeconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Particle or relational elementשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
בֵּ֣יןbetweenprep · בֵּין (H996)Particle or relational elementבֵּין (H996) 'between'.
הַגּוֹיִ֔םthe nationsart + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'the nations'.
וְהוֹכִ֖יחַand you are vindicatedconj וְ + Hiphil q 3ms · יָכַח (H3198)Particle or relational elementיָכַח (H3198) 'and you are vindicated'.
לְעַמִּ֣יםthe peopleprep + N com m pl abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
רַבִּ֑יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
וְכִתְּת֨וּto himconj וְ + Piel q 3cp · כָּתַת (H3807)Particle or relational elementכָּתַת (H3807) 'to him'.
חַרְבוֹתָ֜םthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
לְאִתִּ֗יםcoulterprep + N com m pl abs · אֵת (H855)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵת (H855) 'coulter'.
וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙javelinconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 3mp · חֲנִית (H2595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲנִית (H2595) 'javelin'.
לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹתtoprep + N com f pl abs · מַזְמֵרָה (H4211)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַזְמֵרָה (H4211) 'to'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִשָּׂ֨אcarriesQal impf 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'carries'.
ג֤וֹיa nationN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'a nation'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
גּוֹי֙a nationN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'a nation'.
חֶ֔רֶבthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִלְמְד֥וּthey teachQal impf 3mp · לִמַּד (H3925)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלִמַּד (H3925) 'they teach'.
ע֖וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
מִלְחָמָֽהwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
5

בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ וְנֵלְכָ֖ה בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה

O house of Jacob, come you, and let us walk in the light of YHWH.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'go'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
בֵּ֖יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יַעֲקֹ֑בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
לְכ֥וּgoQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'go'.
וְנֵלְכָ֖הand let us goconj וְ + Qal cohortative 1cp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and let us go'.
בְּא֥וֹרlightprep + N com c sg constr · אוֹר (H216)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹר (H216) 'light'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
6

כִּ֣י נָטַ֗שְׁתָּה עַמְּךָ֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֤י מָלְאוּ֙ מִקֶּ֔דֶם וְעֹֽנְנִ֖ים כַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וּבְיַלְדֵ֥י נָכְרִ֖ים יַשְׂפִּֽיקוּ

Therefore you have forsaken your people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and he forsook'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נָטַ֗שְׁתָּהand he forsookQal perf 2ms · נָטַשׁ (H5203)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָטַשׁ (H5203) 'and he forsook'.
עַמְּךָ֙your peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'your people'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יַעֲקֹ֔בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מָלְאוּ֙they have fully followedQal perf 3cp · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלֵא (H4390) 'they have fully followed'.
מִקֶּ֔דֶםeast ofprep + N com m sg abs · קֶדֶם (H6924)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶדֶם (H6924) 'east of'.
וְעֹֽנְנִ֖יםa soothsayerconj וְ + Poel ptc mp · עָנַן (H6049)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָנַן (H6049) 'a soothsayer'.
כַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםthe Philistinesprep + art + N gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וּבְיַלְדֵ֥יthe childconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
נָכְרִ֖יםforeignAdj · נָכְרִי (H5237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָכְרִי (H5237) 'foreign'.
יַשְׂפִּֽיקוּand he struck [together]Hiphil impf 3mp · סָפַק (H5606)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָפַק (H5606) 'and he struck [together]'.
7

וַתִּמָּלֵ֤א אַרְצוֹ֙ כֶּ֣סֶף וְזָהָ֔ב וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֖צֶה לְאֹצְרֹתָ֑יו וַתִּמָּלֵ֤א אַרְצוֹ֙ סוּסִ֔ים וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֖צֶה לְמַרְכְּבֹתָֽיו

Their land also is full of silver and gold, neither end of their treasures; their land is also full of horses, neither end of their chariots:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and was filled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַתִּמָּלֵ֤אand was filledconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3fs · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלֵא (H4390) 'and was filled'.
אַרְצוֹ֙his landN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'his land'.
כֶּ֣סֶףsilverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'silver'.
וְזָהָ֔בand goldconj וְ + N com m sg abs · זָהָב (H2091)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָהָב (H2091) 'and gold'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
קֵ֖צֶהthe end ofN c · קָצֶה (H7097)Construct chain (genitival)קָצֶה (H7097) 'the end of'.
לְאֹצְרֹתָ֑יוthe treasury ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · אוֹצָר (H214)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹצָר (H214) 'the treasury of'.
וַתִּמָּלֵ֤אand was filledconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3fs · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלֵא (H4390) 'and was filled'.
אַרְצוֹ֙his landN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'his land'.
סוּסִ֔יםhorsesN c · סוּס (H5483)Construct chain (genitival)סוּס (H5483) 'horses'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
קֵ֖צֶהthe end ofN c · קָצֶה (H7097)Construct chain (genitival)קָצֶה (H7097) 'the end of'.
לְמַרְכְּבֹתָֽיוtheir chariotsprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 3ms · מֶרְכָּבָה (H4818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶרְכָּבָה (H4818) 'their chariots'.
8

וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א אַרְצ֖וֹ אֱלִילִ֑ים לְמַעֲשֵׂ֤ה יָדָיו֙ יִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֔וּ לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ אֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו

Their land also is full of idols; they worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and was filled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַתִּמָּלֵ֥אand was filledconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3fs · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָלֵא (H4390) 'and was filled'.
אַרְצ֖וֹhis landN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'his land'.
אֱלִילִ֑יםthe idolsN c · אֱלִיל (H457)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלִיל (H457) 'the idols'.
לְמַעֲשֵׂ֤הthe work ofprep + N com m sg constr · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
יָדָיו֙his handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hands'.
יִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֔וּshall bow downHishtaphel impf 3mp · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁחָה (H7812) 'shall bow down'.
לַאֲשֶׁ֥רto the one whoprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'to the one who'.
עָשׂ֖וּthey didQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
אֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיוwith his fingerN c · אֶצְבַּע (H676)Construct chain (genitival)אֶצְבַּע (H676) 'with his finger'.
9

וַיִּשַּׁ֥ח אָדָ֖ם וַיִּשְׁפַּל אִ֑ישׁ וְאַל תִּשָּׂ֖א לָהֶֽם

And the mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself: therefore forgive them not.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיִּשַּׁ֥חandconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁחַח (H7817)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחַח (H7817) 'and'.
אָדָ֖םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
וַיִּשְׁפַּלabaseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁפֵל (H8213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁפֵל (H8213) 'abase'.
אִ֑ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
וְאַלand do notconj וְ + neg. · אַל (H408)Particle or relational elementאַל (H408) 'and do not'.
תִּשָּׂ֖אyou shall lift upQal jussive 2ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'you shall lift up'.
לָהֶֽםto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
10

בּ֣וֹא בַצּ֔וּר וְהִטָּמֵ֖ן בֶּֽעָפָ֑ר מִפְּנֵי֙ פַּ֣חַד יְהוָ֔ה וּמֵהֲדַ֖ר גְּאֹנֽוֹ

Enter into the rock, and hide you in the dust, for fear of YHWH, and for the glory of his majesty.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'come in'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בּ֣וֹאcome inQal impv 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeבּוֹא (H935) 'come in'.
בַצּ֔וּרthe rockprep + art + N com m sg abs · צוּר (H6697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוּר (H6697) 'the rock'.
וְהִטָּמֵ֖ןhiddenconj וְ + Niphal impv 2ms · טָמַן (H2934)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeטָמַן (H2934) 'hidden'.
בֶּֽעָפָ֑רwith earthprep + art + N com m sg abs · עָפָר (H6083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָפָר (H6083) 'with earth'.
מִפְּנֵי֙because ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
פַּ֣חַדthe dread of youN c · פַּחַד (H6343)Construct chain (genitival)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּמֵהֲדַ֖רmajestyconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · הָדָר (H1926)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָדָר (H1926) 'majesty'.
גְּאֹנֽוֹyour majestyN c · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Construct chain (genitival)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'your majesty'.
11

עֵינֵ֞י גַּבְה֤וּת אָדָם֙ שָׁפֵ֔ל וְשַׁ֖ח ר֣וּם אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִשְׂגַּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה לְבַדּ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא

The lofty looks of man shall be humbled, and the haughtiness of men shall be bowed down, and YHWH alone shall be exalted in that day.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'abase'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
עֵינֵ֞יthe eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
גַּבְה֤וּתloftinessN c · גַּבְהוּת (H1365)Construct chain (genitival)גַּבְהוּת (H1365) 'loftiness'.
אָדָם֙manN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
שָׁפֵ֔לabaseQal perf 3ms · שָׁפֵל (H8213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁפֵל (H8213) 'abase'.
וְשַׁ֖חandconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · שָׁחַח (H7817)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁחַח (H7817) 'and'.
ר֣וּםhaughtinessN c · רוּם (H7312)Construct chain (genitival)רוּם (H7312) 'haughtiness'.
אֲנָשִׁ֑יםmenN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'men'.
וְנִשְׂגַּ֧בwas too highconj וְ + Niphal q 3ms · שָׂגַב (H7682)Particle or relational elementשָׂגַב (H7682) 'was too high'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לְבַדּ֖וֹaloneprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּד (H905)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּד (H905) 'alone'.
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַהֽוּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
12

כִּ֣י י֞וֹם לַיהוָ֧ה צְבָא֛וֹת עַ֥ל כָּל גֵּאֶ֖ה וָרָ֑ם וְעַ֖ל כָּל נִשָּׂ֥א וְשָׁפֵֽל

For the day of YHWH of hosts upon every proud and lofty, and upon every lifted up; and he shall be brought low:

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and tall'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
י֞וֹםdayN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'day'.
לַיהוָ֧הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
צְבָא֛וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
עַ֥לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
גֵּאֶ֖הproudAdj · גֵּאֶה (H1343)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֵּאֶה (H1343) 'proud'.
וָרָ֑םand tallconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · רוּם (H7311)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
וְעַ֖לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
נִשָּׂ֥אlifts upN · נָשָׂא (H5375)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
וְשָׁפֵֽלabaseconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · שָׁפֵל (H8213)Particle or relational elementשָׁפֵל (H8213) 'abase'.
13

וְעַל֙ כָּל אַרְזֵ֣י הַלְּבָנ֔וֹן הָרָמִ֖ים וְהַנִּשָּׂאִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל אַלּוֹנֵ֥י הַבָּשָֽׁן

And upon all the cedars of Lebanon, high and lifted up, and upon all the oaks of Bashan,

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the high'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְעַל֙and onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אַרְזֵ֣יcedarN c · אֶרֶז (H730)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶז (H730) 'cedar'.
הַלְּבָנ֔וֹןLebanonart + N proper · לְבָנוֹן (H3844)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לְבָנוֹן (H3844) 'Lebanon'.
הָרָמִ֖יםthe highart + Qal ptc mp · רוּם (H7311)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּם (H7311) 'the high'.
וְהַנִּשָּׂאִ֑יםlifts upconj וְ + art + Niphal ptc mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
וְעַ֖לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אַלּוֹנֵ֥יthe oakN c · אַלּוֹן (H437)Construct chain (genitival)אַלּוֹן (H437) 'the oak'.
הַבָּשָֽׁןBashanart + N proper · בָּשָׁן (H1316)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּשָׁן (H1316) 'Bashan'.
14

וְעַ֖ל כָּל הֶהָרִ֣ים הָרָמִ֑ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל הַגְּבָע֥וֹת הַנִּשָּׂאֽוֹת

And upon all the high mountains, and upon all the hills lifted up,

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the high'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְעַ֖לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הֶהָרִ֣יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains'.
הָרָמִ֑יםthe highart + Qal ptc mp · רוּם (H7311)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּם (H7311) 'the high'.
וְעַ֖לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַגְּבָע֥וֹתthe hillsart + N com f pl abs · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills'.
הַנִּשָּׂאֽוֹתlifts upart + Niphal ptc fp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
15

וְעַ֖ל כָּל מִגְדָּ֣ל גָּבֹ֑הַ וְעַ֖ל כָּל חוֹמָ֥ה בְצוּרָֽה

And upon every high tower, and upon every fenced wall,

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְעַ֖לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
מִגְדָּ֣לand a towerN c · מִגְדָּל (H4026)Construct chain (genitival)מִגְדָּל (H4026) 'and a tower'.
גָּבֹ֑הַhighAdj · גָּבֹהַ (H1364)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּבֹהַ (H1364) 'high'.
וְעַ֖לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
חוֹמָ֥הwith a wallN c · חוֹמָה (H2346)Construct chain (genitival)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'with a wall'.
בְצוּרָֽהfortifiedAdj · בָּצוּר (H1219)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּצוּר (H1219) 'fortified'.
16

וְעַ֖ל כָּל אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ וְעַ֖ל כָּל שְׂכִיּ֥וֹת הַחֶמְדָּֽה

And upon all the ships of Tarshish, and upon all pleasant pictures.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְעַ֖לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֳנִיּ֣וֹתshipsN c · אֳנִיָּה (H591)Construct chain (genitival)אֳנִיָּה (H591) 'ships'.
תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁand TarshishN · תַּרְשִׁישׁ (H8659)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תַּרְשִׁישׁ (H8659) 'and Tarshish'.
וְעַ֖לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
שְׂכִיּ֥וֹתpictureN c · שְׂכִיָּה (H7914)Construct chain (genitival)שְׂכִיָּה (H7914) 'picture'.
הַחֶמְדָּֽהthe desirable onesart + N com f sg abs · חֶמְדָּה (H2532)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶמְדָּה (H2532) 'the desirable ones'.
17

וְשַׁח֙ גַּבְה֣וּת הָאָדָ֔ם וְשָׁפֵ֖ל ר֣וּם אֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְנִשְׂגַּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה לְבַדּ֖וֹ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַהֽוּא

And the loftiness of man shall be bowed down, and the haughtiness of men shall be made low: and YHWH alone shall be exalted in that day.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וְשַׁח֙andconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · שָׁחַח (H7817)Particle or relational elementשָׁחַח (H7817) 'and'.
גַּבְה֣וּתloftinessN c · גַּבְהוּת (H1365)Construct chain (genitival)גַּבְהוּת (H1365) 'loftiness'.
הָאָדָ֔םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
וְשָׁפֵ֖לabaseconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · שָׁפֵל (H8213)Particle or relational elementשָׁפֵל (H8213) 'abase'.
ר֣וּםhaughtinessN c · רוּם (H7312)Construct chain (genitival)רוּם (H7312) 'haughtiness'.
אֲנָשִׁ֑יםmenN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'men'.
וְנִשְׂגַּ֧בwas too highconj וְ + Niphal q 3ms · שָׂגַב (H7682)Particle or relational elementשָׂגַב (H7682) 'was too high'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לְבַדּ֖וֹaloneprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · בַּד (H905)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּד (H905) 'alone'.
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַהֽוּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
18

וְהָאֱלִילִ֖ים כָּלִ֥יל יַחֲלֹֽף

And the idols he shall utterly abolish.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and changed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
וְהָאֱלִילִ֖יםthe idolsconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · אֱלִיל (H457)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלִיל (H457) 'the idols'.
כָּלִ֥ילentirely ofAdj · כָּלִיל (H3632)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּלִיל (H3632) 'entirely of'.
יַחֲלֹֽףand changedQal impf 3ms · חָלַף (H2498)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַף (H2498) 'and changed'.
19

וּבָ֨אוּ֙ בִּמְעָר֣וֹת צֻרִ֔ים וּבִמְחִלּ֖וֹת עָפָ֑ר מִפְּנֵ֞י פַּ֤חַד יְהוָה֙ וּמֵהֲדַ֣ר גְּאוֹנ֔וֹ בְּקוּמ֖וֹ לַעֲרֹ֥ץ הָאָֽרֶץ

And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth, for fear of YHWH, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וּבָ֨אוּ֙and they will comeconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · בּוֹא (H935)Particle or relational elementבּוֹא (H935) 'and they will come'.
בִּמְעָר֣וֹתthe caveprep + N com f pl constr · מְעָרָה (H4631)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְעָרָה (H4631) 'the cave'.
צֻרִ֔יםof flintN c · צוּר (H6697)Construct chain (genitival)צוּר (H6697) 'of flint'.
וּבִמְחִלּ֖וֹתandconj וְ + prep + N com f pl constr · מְחִלָּה (H4247)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְחִלָּה (H4247) 'and'.
עָפָ֑רdustN c · עָפָר (H6083)Construct chain (genitival)עָפָר (H6083) 'dust'.
מִפְּנֵ֞יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
פַּ֤חַדthe dread of youN c · פַּחַד (H6343)Construct chain (genitival)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּמֵהֲדַ֣רmajestyconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · הָדָר (H1926)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָדָר (H1926) 'majesty'.
גְּאוֹנ֔וֹyour majestyN c · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Construct chain (genitival)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'your majesty'.
בְּקוּמ֖וֹand he aroseprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
לַעֲרֹ֥ץbe terrified/dreadprep + Qal inf constr · עָרַץ (H6206)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָרַץ (H6206) 'be terrified/dread'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
20

בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ יַשְׁלִ֣יךְ הָאָדָ֔ם אֵ֚ת אֱלִילֵ֣י כַסְפּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֖ת אֱלִילֵ֣י זְהָב֑וֹ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָֽשׂוּ לוֹ֙ לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֔ת לַחְפֹּ֥ר פֵּר֖וֹת וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִֽים

In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made for himself to worship, to the moles and to the bats;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he threw [it]'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
בַּיּ֤וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַהוּא֙thatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יַשְׁלִ֣יךְand he threw [it]Hiphil impf 3ms · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַךְ (H7993) 'and he threw [it]'.
הָאָדָ֔םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
אֵ֚ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֱלִילֵ֣יthe idolsN c · אֱלִיל (H457)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלִיל (H457) 'the idols'.
כַסְפּ֔וֹhis moneyN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'his money'.
וְאֵ֖תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אֱלִילֵ֣יthe idolsN c · אֱלִיל (H457)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלִיל (H457) 'the idols'.
זְהָב֑וֹgoldN c · זָהָב (H2091)Construct chain (genitival)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָֽשׂוּthey didQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
לוֹ֙to himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
לְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֔תto bow downprep + Hithpael inf constr · שָׁחָה (H7812)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁחָה (H7812) 'to bow down'.
לַחְפֹּ֥רtoprep + Qal inf constr · חֲפֹר (H2661)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחֲפֹר (H2661) 'to'.
פֵּר֖וֹת+ mole. CompareN c · פֵּרָה (H6512)Construct chain (genitival)פֵּרָה (H6512) '+ mole. Compare'.
וְלָעֲטַלֵּפִֽיםand the batconj וְ + prep + art + N com m pl abs · עֲטַלֵּף (H5847)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲטַלֵּף (H5847) 'and the bat'.
21

לָבוֹא֙ בְּנִקְר֣וֹת הַצֻּרִ֔ים וּבִסְעִפֵ֖י הַסְּלָעִ֑ים מִפְּנֵ֞י פַּ֤חַד יְהוָה֙ וּמֵהֲדַ֣ר גְּאוֹנ֔וֹ בְּקוּמ֖וֹ לַעֲרֹ֥ץ הָאָֽרֶץ

To go into the clefts of the rocks, and into the tops of the ragged rocks, for fear of YHWH, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to enter'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
לָבוֹא֙to enterprep + Qal inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'to enter'.
בְּנִקְר֣וֹתin a cleft ofprep + N com f pl constr · נִקְרָה (H5366)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִקְרָה (H5366) 'in a cleft of'.
הַצֻּרִ֔יםthe rockart + N com m pl abs · צוּר (H6697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוּר (H6697) 'the rock'.
וּבִסְעִפֵ֖יinconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr · סָעִיף (H5585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָעִיף (H5585) 'in'.
הַסְּלָעִ֑יםthe rockart + N com m pl abs · סֶלַע (H5553)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֶלַע (H5553) 'the rock'.
מִפְּנֵ֞יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
פַּ֤חַדthe dread of youN c · פַּחַד (H6343)Construct chain (genitival)פַּחַד (H6343) 'the dread of you'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּמֵהֲדַ֣רmajestyconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr · הָדָר (H1926)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָדָר (H1926) 'majesty'.
גְּאוֹנ֔וֹyour majestyN c · גָּאוֹן (H1347)Construct chain (genitival)גָּאוֹן (H1347) 'your majesty'.
בְּקוּמ֖וֹand he aroseprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
לַעֲרֹ֥ץbe terrified/dreadprep + Qal inf constr · עָרַץ (H6206)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָרַץ (H6206) 'be terrified/dread'.
הָאָֽרֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
22

חִדְל֤וּ לָכֶם֙ מִן הָ֣אָדָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר נְשָׁמָ֖ה בְּאַפּ֑וֹ כִּֽי בַמֶּ֥ה נֶחְשָׁ֖ב הֽוּא

Cease you from man, whose breath in his nostrils: for wherein is he to be accounted of?

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'ceased'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
חִדְל֤וּceasedQal impv 2mp · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָדַל (H2308) 'ceased'.
לָכֶם֙to youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הָ֣אָדָ֔םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נְשָׁמָ֖הbreathing thingN c · נְשָׁמָה (H5397)Construct chain (genitival)נְשָׁמָה (H5397) 'breathing thing'.
בְּאַפּ֑וֹin his angerprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'in his anger'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בַמֶּ֥הin whatprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'in what'.
נֶחְשָׁ֖בa skilled designerN · חָשַׁב (H2803)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָשַׁב (H2803) 'a skilled designer'.
הֽוּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.