Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 1ישעיהו 1

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Cosmic lawsuit, filial rebellion, diseased nationhood, rejected worship, demanded justice, refining judgment, and the possibility of a redeemed Zion make this opening oracle the prophetic gateway to the book as a whole. A formal superscription then immediately summons heaven and earth to hear YHWH's case against Judah and Jerusalem. What follows is not generic moral complaint but covenant accusation in family language: children were reared and exalted, yet they rebelled. Israel is portrayed as less perceptive than an ox or donkey, a sinful nation loaded with iniquity, a body from foot to head without soundness, and a land already scarred by invasion, fire, hunger, and isolation. Yet even at this early stage a remnant note is sounded. Had YHWH of hosts not left a very small remnant, Judah would have become altogether like Sodom and Gomorrah. Mercy explains survival; it does not erase guilt. From there the oracle turns with fierce clarity against worship severed from justice. Sacrifices, festivals, assemblies, and multiplied prayers are all rejected because the hands lifted in prayer are full of blood. The problem is not that temple worship is inherently false, but that ritual has become a cover for a city that neglects the orphan, refuses the widow, and loves bribery. Isaiah therefore defines repentance in distinctly ethical and juridical terms: wash, cleanse, cease to do evil, learn to do good, seek justice, set right oppression, and plead for the vulnerable. The famous invitation to reason together then places cleansing within YHWH's own offered judgment: scarlet sin may become white as snow, but refusal and rebellion still end in the sword. The final movement returns to Zion as adulterated city and then carries the reader through judgment into a narrower hope. The Lord of hosts will avenge himself on his adversaries, smelt away dross, restore judges and counselors, and make the city once more deserving of the names righteous and faithful. Zion shall be redeemed by justice, but transgressors shall be shattered together. Taken together, the passage binds indictment and invitation, doom and remnant mercy, anti-cult polemic and social ethics, refining fire and restored city into a programmatic opening where the whole prophetic book is already present in miniature.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Eight linked phases shape the chapter: superscription (v. 1), covenant lawsuit and national sickness (vv. 2-9), rejection of corrupt worship (vv. 10-15), summons to cleansing and justice (vv. 16-20), lament over the city's corruption (vv. 21-23), purifying judgment and restoration (vv. 24-26), the divided future of Zion and transgressors (vv. 27-28), and the shameful end of idolatrous desire (vv. 29-31). Verse 1 should preserve the full superscriptional force of חזון and the long regnal frame, because the chapter is presented as part of a historically situated prophetic vision directed toward Judah and Jerusalem across multiple reigns. Verses 2-3 are the formal opening of the lawsuit and should retain the heaven-and-earth summons. The line about children reared who rebelled should remain direct, and the contrast with ox and donkey must not be softened, because it intentionally shames Judah beneath ordinary animal recognition. Verses 4-9 should preserve the chapter's layering of moral, bodily, and territorial imagery. The title 'the Holy One of Israel' in verse 4 is one of Isaiah's programmatic divine names and should remain explicit. Verses 5-6 describe the nation as an untreated body full of wounds, bruises, and fresh stripes; the healing language of pressing out, binding up, and softening with oil should remain concrete. Verses 7-8 then shift from body to land, and verse 8's comparison of daughter Zion to a booth in a vineyard and a hut in a cucumber field should be translated with its vulnerability intact. Verse 9's remnant statement is likewise crucial; it introduces mercy precisely in the context of deserved Sodom-like annihilation. Verses 10-20 are the chapter's most sustained liturgical and ethical confrontation and should be translated with sharp contrast. Verse 10's naming of Judah's leaders and people as Sodom and Gomorrah should remain jarring. In verses 11-15 the vocabulary of sacrifice, incense, new moon, Sabbath, assembly, and prayer should be retained in sequence, because YHWH is rejecting the whole cultic complex as presently polluted. Verse 13's compressed line about not enduring iniquity and solemn assembly deserves careful handling; the point is not rejection of the appointed gathering as such, but the intolerable union of worship-form and moral evil. Verses 16-17 then pivot into imperative renewal, and the sequence of washing, ceasing, learning, seeking, correcting, judging, and pleading should remain brisk and practical. Verse 18's invitation to 'reason together' should preserve its forensic quality rather than becoming merely sentimental. The scarlet/crimson and snow/wool imagery should also remain vivid, because it expresses moral cleansing in visual extremes. Verses 19-20 state the covenant alternatives with notable simplicity and should keep the play between eating the land's good and being eaten by the sword. Verses 21-31 shift from invitation back into lament, judgment, and hope, and they should preserve that tonal complexity. Verse 21's איכה is the cry of shocked lament over the once-faithful city become a prostitute, and the contrast between righteousness once lodging there and murderers now occupying it should remain sharp. Verses 22-23 then expose adulteration, bribery, and neglect of the orphan and widow. Verse 24 introduces the solemn divine titles and should retain their weight. In verses 25-26 the smelting of dross and removal of alloy are essential metaphors: YHWH's punitive action is also purifying action. Verse 27's promise that Zion will be redeemed by justice and her repentant ones by righteousness should keep both terms distinct and strong. The closing verses name the shame of sacred trees and gardens and compare the idolaters to withering oak and waterless garden; these fertility images should not be flattened away, because the chapter means to show chosen cult-sites becoming mirrors of the worshipers' own collapse. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as the chapter where Judah's rebellion is prosecuted before the cosmos, false worship is unmasked, justice is demanded, refinement is promised, and Zion's future divides between redeemed repentance and unquenchable ruin. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

חֲזוֹן֙ יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ בֶן אָמ֔וֹץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה עַל יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלִָ֑ם בִּימֵ֨י עֻזִּיָּ֧הוּ יוֹתָ֛ם אָחָ֥ז יְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ מַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה

The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he sees/beholds'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
חֲזוֹן֙visionN c · חָזוֹן (H2377)Construct chain (genitival)חָזוֹן (H2377) 'vision'.
יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּIsaiahN · יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְשַׁעְיָה (H3470) 'Isaiah'.
בֶןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אָמ֔וֹץAmozN · אָמוֹץ (H531)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמוֹץ (H531) 'Amoz'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
חָזָ֔הhe sees/beholdsQal perf 3ms · חָזָה (H2372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָזָה (H2372) 'he sees/beholds'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יְהוּדָ֖הJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
וִירוּשָׁלִָ֑םJerusalemconj וְ + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
בִּימֵ֨יin the days ofprep + N com m pl constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'in the days of'.
עֻזִּיָּ֧הוּUzziahN · עֻזִּיָּה (H5818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֻזִּיָּה (H5818) 'Uzziah'.
יוֹתָ֛םJothamN · יוֹתָם (H3147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹתָם (H3147) 'Jotham'.
אָחָ֥זAhazN · אָחָז (H271)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָחָז (H271) 'Ahaz'.
יְחִזְקִיָּ֖הוּHezekiahN · חִזְקִיָּה (H2396)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִזְקִיָּה (H2396) 'Hezekiah'.
מַלְכֵ֥יkings ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'kings of'.
יְהוּדָֽהJudahN · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'Judah'.
2

שִׁמְע֤וּ שָׁמַ֨יִם֙ וְהַאֲזִ֣ינִי אֶ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּ֑ר בָּנִים֙ גִּדַּ֣לְתִּי וְרוֹמַ֔מְתִּי וְהֵ֖ם פָּ֥שְׁעוּ בִֽי

Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for YHWH has spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'his hearing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
שִׁמְע֤וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
שָׁמַ֨יִם֙heavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
וְהַאֲזִ֣ינִיgive earconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2fs · אָזַן (H238)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָזַן (H238) 'give ear'.
אֶ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
דִּבֵּ֑רspeakPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
בָּנִים֙sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'sons'.
גִּדַּ֣לְתִּיand he grewPiel perf 1cs · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actגָּדַל (H1431) 'and he grew'.
וְרוֹמַ֔מְתִּיand tallconj וְ + Polel perf 1cs · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
וְהֵ֖םand theyconj וְ + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'and they'.
פָּ֥שְׁעוּoffendQal perf 3cp · פָּשַׁע (H6586)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפָּשַׁע (H6586) 'offend'.
בִֽיagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
3

יָדַ֥ע שׁוֹר֙ קֹנֵ֔הוּ וַחֲמ֖וֹר אֵב֣וּס בְּעָלָ֑יו יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע עַמִּ֖י לֹ֥א הִתְבּוֹנָֽן

The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib: Israel does not know, my people does not consider.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he knew'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
יָדַ֥עhe knewQal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
שׁוֹר֙an oxN c · שׁוֹר (H7794)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוֹר (H7794) 'an ox'.
קֹנֵ֔הוּhis buyerQal ptc ms + sfx 3ms · קָנָה (H7069)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקָנָה (H7069) 'his buyer'.
וַחֲמ֖וֹרand donkeysconj וְ + N com c sg abs · חֲמוֹר (H2543)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמוֹר (H2543) 'and donkeys'.
אֵב֣וּסcribN c · אֵבוּס (H18)Construct chain (genitival)אֵבוּס (H18) 'crib'.
בְּעָלָ֑יוits ownerN c · בַּעַל (H1167)Construct chain (genitival)בַּעַל (H1167) 'its owner'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדַ֔עhe knewQal perf 3ms · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'he knew'.
עַמִּ֖יmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
הִתְבּוֹנָֽןdiscerningHithpolel perf 3ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
4

ה֣וֹי גּ֣וֹי חֹטֵ֗א עַ֚ם כֶּ֣בֶד עָוֺ֔ן זֶ֣רַע מְרֵעִ֔ים בָּנִ֖ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים עָזְב֣וּ אֶת יְהוָ֗ה נִֽאֲצ֛וּ אֶת קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נָזֹ֥רוּ אָחֽוֹר

Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken YHWH, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel to anger, they are gone away backward.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he committed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ה֣וֹיahparticle · הוֹי (H1945)Particle or relational elementהוֹי (H1945) 'ah'.
גּ֣וֹיa nationN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'a nation'.
חֹטֵ֗אhe committedQal ptc ms · חָטָא (H2398)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָטָא (H2398) 'he committed'.
עַ֚םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
כֶּ֣בֶדsevereAdj · כָּבֵד (H3515)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּבֵד (H3515) 'severe'.
עָוֺ֔ןthe iniquity ofN c · עָוֹן (H5771)Construct chain (genitival)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
זֶ֣רַעseedN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'seed'.
מְרֵעִ֔יםand it was displeasingHiphil ptc mp · רָעַע (H7489)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָעַע (H7489) 'and it was displeasing'.
בָּנִ֖יםsonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'sons'.
מַשְׁחִיתִ֑יםto destroyHiphil ptc mp · שָׁחַת (H7843)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to destroy'.
עָזְב֣וּthey forsookQal perf 3cp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַב (H5800) 'they forsook'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
נִֽאֲצ֛וּhave despisedPiel perf 3cp · נָאַץ (H5006)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָאַץ (H5006) 'have despised'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
קְד֥וֹשׁholyAdj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
נָזֹ֥רוּan outsiderN · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
אָחֽוֹרbackwardN c · אָחוֹר (H268)Construct chain (genitival)אָחוֹר (H268) 'backward'.
5

עַ֣ל מֶ֥ה תֻכּ֛וּ ע֖וֹד תּוֹסִ֣יפוּ סָרָ֑ה כָּל רֹ֣אשׁ לָחֳלִ֔י וְכָל לֵבָ֖ב דַּוָּֽי

Why should you be stricken any more? you will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he struck'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
עַ֣לonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
מֶ֥הwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
תֻכּ֛וּand he struckHophal impf 2mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
ע֖וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
תּוֹסִ֣יפוּhe shall addHiphil impf 2mp · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
סָרָ֑הseditionN c · סָרָה (H5627)Construct chain (genitival)סָרָה (H5627) 'sedition'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
רֹ֣אשׁthe head ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
לָחֳלִ֔יsicknessprep + N com m sg abs · חֳלִי (H2483)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֳלִי (H2483) 'sickness'.
וְכָלand allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
לֵבָ֖בthe heart ofN c · לֵבָב (H3824)Construct chain (genitival)לֵבָב (H3824) 'the heart of'.
דַּוָּֽיfaintAdj · דַּוָּי (H1742)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּוָּי (H1742) 'faint'.
6

מִכַּף רֶ֤גֶל וְעַד רֹאשׁ֙ אֵֽין בּ֣וֹ מְתֹ֔ם פֶּ֥צַע וְחַבּוּרָ֖ה וּמַכָּ֣ה טְרִיָּ֑ה לֹא זֹ֨רוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א חֻבָּ֔שׁוּ וְלֹ֥א רֻכְּכָ֖ה בַּשָּֽׁמֶן

From the sole of the foot even to the head no soundness in it; wounds, and bruises, and putrifying sores: they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
מִכַּףfrom the sole ofprep + N com f sg constr · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'from the sole of'.
רֶ֤גֶלfootN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'foot'.
וְעַדand toconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'and to'.
רֹאשׁ֙the head ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
אֵֽיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
בּ֣וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
מְתֹ֔םsoundnessN c · מְתֹם (H4974)Construct chain (genitival)מְתֹם (H4974) 'soundness'.
פֶּ֥צַעwoundN c · פֶּצַע (H6482)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּצַע (H6482) 'wound'.
וְחַבּוּרָ֖הstripe / weltconj וְ + N com f sg abs · חַבּוּרָה (H2250)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַבּוּרָה (H2250) 'stripe / welt'.
וּמַכָּ֣הa blowconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מַכָּה (H4347)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַכָּה (H4347) 'a blow'.
טְרִיָּ֑הfreshAdj · טָרִי (H2961)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טָרִי (H2961) 'fresh'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
זֹ֨רוּ֙andQal passive perf 3cp · זוּר (H2115)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזוּר (H2115) 'and'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
חֻבָּ֔שׁוּand he saddledPual perf 3cp · חָבַשׁ (H2280)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָבַשׁ (H2280) 'and he saddled'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
רֻכְּכָ֖הlet it be softPual perf 3fs · רָכַךְ (H7401)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָכַךְ (H7401) 'let it be soft'.
בַּשָּֽׁמֶןwith oilprep + art + N com m sg abs · שֶׁמֶן (H8081)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶן (H8081) 'with oil'.
7

אַרְצְכֶ֣ם שְׁמָמָ֔ה עָרֵיכֶ֖ם שְׂרֻפ֣וֹת אֵ֑שׁ אַדְמַתְכֶ֗ם לְנֶגְדְּכֶם֙ זָרִים֙ אֹכְלִ֣ים אֹתָ֔הּ וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֥ת זָרִֽים

Your country desolate, your cities burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and desolate, as overthrown by strangers.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'you shall burn'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
אַרְצְכֶ֣םyour landN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'your land'.
שְׁמָמָ֔הa desolationN c · שְׁמָמָה (H8077)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁמָמָה (H8077) 'a desolation'.
עָרֵיכֶ֖םyour citiesN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'your cities'.
שְׂרֻפ֣וֹתyou shall burnQal ptc fp · שָׂרַף (H8313)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂרַף (H8313) 'you shall burn'.
אֵ֑שׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
אַדְמַתְכֶ֗םyour landN c · אֲדָמָה (H127)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'your land'.
לְנֶגְדְּכֶם֙at a distanceprep + prep + sfx 2mp · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'at a distance'.
זָרִים֙an outsiderAdj · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
אֹכְלִ֣יםeatingQal ptc mp · אָכַל (H398)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָכַל (H398) 'eating'.
אֹתָ֔הּitobj marker + sfx 3fs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'it'.
וּשְׁמָמָ֖הa desolationconj וְ + N com f sg abs · שְׁמָמָה (H8077)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁמָמָה (H8077) 'a desolation'.
כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֥תlike the overthrow ofprep + N com f sg constr · מַהְפֵּכָה (H4114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַהְפֵּכָה (H4114) 'like the overthrow of'.
זָרִֽיםan outsiderAdj · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
8

וְנוֹתְרָ֥ה בַת צִיּ֖וֹן כְּסֻכָּ֣ה בְכָ֑רֶם כִּמְלוּנָ֥ה בְמִקְשָׁ֖ה כְּעִ֥יר נְצוּרָֽה

And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'who remained'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְנוֹתְרָ֥הwho remainedconj וְ + Niphal perf 3fs · יָתַר (H3498)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָתַר (H3498) 'who remained'.
בַתdaughter ofN c · בַּת (H1323)Construct chain (genitival)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
צִיּ֖וֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
כְּסֻכָּ֣הin boothsprep + N com f sg abs · סֻכָּה (H5521)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֻכָּה (H5521) 'in booths'.
בְכָ֑רֶםinto the vineyard ofprep + N com c sg abs · כֶּרֶם (H3754)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶּרֶם (H3754) 'into the vineyard of'.
כִּמְלוּנָ֥הas / likeprep + N com f sg abs · מְלוּנָה (H4412)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְלוּנָה (H4412) 'as / like'.
בְמִקְשָׁ֖הinprep + N com f sg abs · מִקְשָׁה (H4750)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִקְשָׁה (H4750) 'in'.
כְּעִ֥ירthe cityprep + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
נְצוּרָֽהhe guarded himQal ptc fs · נָצַר (H5341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַר (H5341) 'he guarded him'.
9

לוּלֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הוֹתִ֥יר לָ֛נוּ שָׂרִ֖יד כִּמְעָ֑ט כִּסְדֹ֣ם הָיִ֔ינוּ לַעֲמֹרָ֖ה דָּמִֽינוּ

Except YHWH of hosts had left to us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, we should have been like to Gomorrah.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'left/spared'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
לוּלֵי֙were it not thatconj וְ · לוּלֵי (H3884)Particle or relational elementלוּלֵי (H3884) 'were it not that'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֔וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
הוֹתִ֥ירleft/sparedHiphil perf 3ms · יָתַר (H3498)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָתַר (H3498) 'left/spared'.
לָ֛נוּto usprep + sfx 1cpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to us'.
שָׂרִ֖ידa survivorN c · שָׂרִיד (H8300)Construct chain (genitival)שָׂרִיד (H8300) 'a survivor'.
כִּמְעָ֑טalmostprep + N com m sg abs · מְעַט (H4592)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְעַט (H4592) 'almost'.
כִּסְדֹ֣םSodomprep + N proper · סְדֹם (H5467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סְדֹם (H5467) 'Sodom'.
הָיִ֔ינוּwe wereQal perf 1cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'we were'.
לַעֲמֹרָ֖הand Gomorrahprep + N proper · עֲמֹרָה (H6017)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲמֹרָה (H6017) 'and Gomorrah'.
דָּמִֽינוּI plannedQal perf 1cp · דָּמָה (H1819)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּמָה (H1819) 'I planned'.
10

שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה קְצִינֵ֣י סְדֹ֑ם הַאֲזִ֛ינוּ תּוֹרַ֥ת אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ עַ֥ם עֲמֹרָֽה

Hear the word of YHWH, you rulers of Sodom; give ear to the law of our God, you people of Gomorrah.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'his hearing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
שִׁמְע֥וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
דְבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
קְצִינֵ֣יthe chiefs ofN c · קָצִין (H7101)Construct chain (genitival)קָצִין (H7101) 'the chiefs of'.
סְדֹ֑םSodomN · סְדֹם (H5467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סְדֹם (H5467) 'Sodom'.
הַאֲזִ֛ינוּgive earHiphil impv 2mp · אָזַן (H238)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָזַן (H238) 'give ear'.
תּוֹרַ֥תthe torah ofN c · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'the torah of'.
אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.
עַ֥םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
עֲמֹרָֽהGomorrahN · עֲמֹרָה (H6017)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲמֹרָה (H6017) 'Gomorrah'.
11

לָמָּה לִּ֤י רֹב זִבְחֵיכֶם֙ יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שָׂבַ֛עְתִּי עֹל֥וֹת אֵילִ֖ים וְחֵ֣לֶב מְרִיאִ֑ים וְדַ֨ם פָּרִ֧ים וּכְבָשִׂ֛ים וְעַתּוּדִ֖ים לֹ֥א חָפָֽצְתִּי

To what purpose the multitude of your sacrifices to me? says YHWH: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he says'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
לָמָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
לִּ֤יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
רֹבthe abundance ofN c · רֹב (H7230)Construct chain (genitival)רֹב (H7230) 'the abundance of'.
זִבְחֵיכֶם֙the sacrifice ofN c · זֶבַח (H2077)Construct chain (genitival)זֶבַח (H2077) 'the sacrifice of'.
יֹאמַ֣רhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
שָׂבַ֛עְתִּיand be satisfiedQal perf 1cs · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂבַע (H7646) 'and be satisfied'.
עֹל֥וֹתburnt offeringsN c · עֹלָה (H5930)Construct chain (genitival)עֹלָה (H5930) 'burnt offerings'.
אֵילִ֖יםramsN c · אַיִל (H352)Construct chain (genitival)אַיִל (H352) 'rams'.
וְחֵ֣לֶבand the fat ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · חֵלֶב (H2459)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵלֶב (H2459) 'and the fat of'.
מְרִיאִ֑יםandN c · מְרִיא (H4806)Construct chain (genitival)מְרִיא (H4806) 'and'.
וְדַ֨םand the blood ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · דָּם (H1818)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּם (H1818) 'and the blood of'.
פָּרִ֧יםbullsN c · פַּר (H6499)Construct chain (genitival)פַּר (H6499) 'bulls'.
וּכְבָשִׂ֛יםlambsconj וְ + N com m pl abs · כֶבֶשׂ (H3532)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֶבֶשׂ (H3532) 'lambs'.
וְעַתּוּדִ֖יםand goatsconj וְ + N com m pl abs · עַתּוּד (H6260)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַתּוּד (H6260) 'and goats'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
חָפָֽצְתִּיI do not desireQal perf 1cs · חָפֵץ (H2654)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָפֵץ (H2654) 'I do not desire'.
12

כִּ֣י תָבֹ֔אוּ לֵרָא֖וֹת פָּנָ֑י מִי בִקֵּ֥שׁ זֹ֛את מִיֶּדְכֶ֖ם רְמֹ֥ס חֲצֵרָֽי

When you come to appear before me, who has required this at your hand, to tread my courts?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תָבֹ֔אוּyou comeQal impf 2mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'you come'.
לֵרָא֖וֹתto seeprep + Niphal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'.
פָּנָ֑יthe face ofN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'the face of'.
מִיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
בִקֵּ֥שׁhe soughtPiel perf 3ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'he sought'.
זֹ֛אתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
מִיֶּדְכֶ֖םhis handprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 2mp · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'his hand'.
רְמֹ֥סandQal inf constr · רָמַס (H7429)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָמַס (H7429) 'and'.
חֲצֵרָֽיand their villagesN c · חָצֵר (H2691)Construct chain (genitival)חָצֵר (H2691) 'and their villages'.
13

לֹ֣א תוֹסִ֗יפוּ הָבִיא֙ מִנְחַת שָׁ֔וְא קְטֹ֧רֶת תּוֹעֵבָ֛ה הִ֖יא לִ֑י חֹ֤דֶשׁ וְשַׁבָּת֙ קְרֹ֣א מִקְרָ֔א לֹא אוּכַ֥ל אָ֖וֶן וַעֲצָרָֽה

Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination to me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; iniquity, even the solemn meeting.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall add'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תוֹסִ֗יפוּhe shall addHiphil impf 2mp · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
הָבִיא֙he might bring inHiphil inf constr · בּוֹא (H935)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבּוֹא (H935) 'he might bring in'.
מִנְחַתa grain offering ofN c · מִנְחָה (H4503)Construct chain (genitival)מִנְחָה (H4503) 'a grain offering of'.
שָׁ֔וְאfalsehoodN c · שָׁוְא (H7723)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁוְא (H7723) 'falsehood'.
קְטֹ֧רֶתincenseN c · קְטֹרֶת (H7004)Construct chain (genitival)קְטֹרֶת (H7004) 'incense'.
תּוֹעֵבָ֛הan abominationN c · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination'.
הִ֖יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
חֹ֤דֶשׁoldN c · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Construct chain (genitival)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'old'.
וְשַׁבָּת֙the Sabbathconj וְ + N com c sg abs · שַׁבָּת (H7676)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁבָּת (H7676) 'the Sabbath'.
קְרֹ֣אhe calledQal inf constr · קָרָא (H7121)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרָא (H7121) 'he called'.
מִקְרָ֔אa convocation ofN c · מִקְרָא (H4744)Construct chain (genitival)מִקְרָא (H4744) 'a convocation of'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אוּכַ֥לI am ableQal impf 1cs · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'I am able'.
אָ֖וֶןiniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
וַעֲצָרָֽהa solemn assemblyconj וְ + N com f sg abs · עֲצֶרֶת (H6116)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲצֶרֶת (H6116) 'a solemn assembly'.
14

חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֤ם וּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם֙ שָׂנְאָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֔י הָי֥וּ עָלַ֖י לָטֹ֑רַח נִלְאֵ֖יתִי נְשֹֽׂא

Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble to me; I am weary to bear .

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'hating'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֤םyour monthsN c · חֹדֶשׁ (H2320)Construct chain (genitival)חֹדֶשׁ (H2320) 'your months'.
וּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם֙meetingconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 2mp · מוֹעֵד (H4150)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹעֵד (H4150) 'meeting'.
שָׂנְאָ֣הhatingQal perf 3fs · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
נַפְשִׁ֔יmy soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
הָי֥וּwereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
עָלַ֖יagainst meprep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against me'.
לָטֹ֑רַחyour troubleprep + N com m sg abs · טֹרַח (H2960)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טֹרַח (H2960) 'your trouble'.
נִלְאֵ֖יתִיand they will be unableN · לָאָה (H3811)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָאָה (H3811) 'and they will be unable'.
נְשֹֽׂאlifts upQal inf constr · נָשָׂא (H5375)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
15

וּבְפָרִשְׂכֶ֣ם כַּפֵּיכֶ֗ם אַעְלִ֤ים עֵינַי֙ מִכֶּ֔ם גַּ֛ם כִּֽי תַרְבּ֥וּ תְפִלָּ֖ה אֵינֶ֣נִּי שֹׁמֵ֑עַ יְדֵיכֶ֖ם דָּמִ֥ים מָלֵֽאוּ

And when you spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when you make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and they shall spread'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וּבְפָרִשְׂכֶ֣םand they shall spreadconj וְ + prep + Piel inf constr + sfx 2mp · פָּרַשׂ (H6566)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementפָּרַשׂ (H6566) 'and they shall spread'.
כַּפֵּיכֶ֗םa pan ofN c · כַּף (H3709)Construct chain (genitival)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
אַעְלִ֤יםand it is hiddenHiphil impf 1cs · עָלַם (H5956)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָלַם (H5956) 'and it is hidden'.
עֵינַי֙the eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
מִכֶּ֔םof youprep + sfx 2mp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of you'.
גַּ֛םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תַרְבּ֥וּyou shall enlargeHiphil impf 2mp · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבָה (H7235) 'you shall enlarge'.
תְפִלָּ֖הprayerN c · תְּפִלָּה (H8605)Construct chain (genitival)תְּפִלָּה (H8605) 'prayer'.
אֵינֶ֣נִּיI am notneg. + sfx 1cs · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'I am not'.
שֹׁמֵ֑עַlistenQal ptc ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
יְדֵיכֶ֖םyour handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'your hands'.
דָּמִ֥יםbloodguiltN c · דָּם (H1818)Construct chain (genitival)דָּם (H1818) 'bloodguilt'.
מָלֵֽאוּthey have fully followedQal perf 3cp · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלֵא (H4390) 'they have fully followed'.
16

רַחֲצוּ֙ הִזַּכּ֔וּ הָסִ֛ירוּ רֹ֥עַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖ם מִנֶּ֣גֶד עֵינָ֑י חִדְל֖וּ הָרֵֽעַ

Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil;

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'and he shall bathe'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
רַחֲצוּ֙and he shall batheQal impv 2mp · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָחַץ (H7364) 'and he shall bathe'.
הִזַּכּ֔וּbe (make) cleanHithpael impv 2mp · זָכָה (H2135)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeזָכָה (H2135) 'be (make) clean'.
הָסִ֛ירוּput awayHiphil impv 2mp · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeסוּר (H5493) 'put away'.
רֹ֥עַthe evil ofN c · רֹעַ (H7455)Construct chain (genitival)רֹעַ (H7455) 'the evil of'.
מַעַלְלֵיכֶ֖םyour deedsN c · מַעֲלָל (H4611)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲלָל (H4611) 'your deeds'.
מִנֶּ֣גֶדat a distanceprep + prep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'at a distance'.
עֵינָ֑יthe eyes ofN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'the eyes of'.
חִדְל֖וּceasedQal impv 2mp · חָדַל (H2308)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָדַל (H2308) 'ceased'.
הָרֵֽעַhe has done evilHiphil inf abs · רָעַע (H7489)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָעַע (H7489) 'he has done evil'.
17

לִמְד֥וּ הֵיטֵ֛ב דִּרְשׁ֥וּ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט אַשְּׁר֣וּ חָמ֑וֹץ שִׁפְט֣וּ יָת֔וֹם רִ֖יבוּ אַלְמָנָֽה

Learn to do well; seek judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'to teach'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
לִמְד֥וּto teachQal impv 2mp · לִמַּד (H3925)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלִמַּד (H3925) 'to teach'.
הֵיטֵ֛בthoroughlyHiphil inf abs · יָטַב (H3190)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionיָטַב (H3190) 'thoroughly'.
דִּרְשׁ֥וּI will requireQal impv 2mp · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'I will require'.
מִשְׁפָּ֖טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
אַשְּׁר֣וּthey will call me blessedPiel impv 2mp · אָשַׁר (H833)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָשַׁר (H833) 'they will call me blessed'.
חָמ֑וֹץoppressedN c · חָמוֹץ (H2541)Construct chain (genitival)חָמוֹץ (H2541) 'oppressed'.
שִׁפְט֣וּand judgeQal impv 2mp · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
יָת֔וֹםorphanN c · יָתוֹם (H3490)Construct chain (genitival)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'orphan'.
רִ֖יבוּand quarreledQal impv 2mp · רִיב (H7378)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרִיב (H7378) 'and quarreled'.
אַלְמָנָֽהa widowN c · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Construct chain (genitival)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'a widow'.
18

לְכוּ נָ֛א וְנִוָּֽכְחָ֖ה יֹאמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה אִם יִֽהְי֨וּ חֲטָאֵיכֶ֤ם כַּשָּׁנִים֙ כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶג יַלְבִּ֔ינוּ אִם יַאְדִּ֥ימוּ כַתּוֹלָ֖ע כַּצֶּ֥מֶר יִהְיֽוּ

Come now, and let us reason together, says YHWH: though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'go'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
לְכוּgoQal impv 2mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהָלַךְ (H3212) 'go'.
נָ֛אpleaseparticle · נָא (H4994)Particle or relational elementנָא (H4994) 'please'.
וְנִוָּֽכְחָ֖הand you are vindicatedconj וְ + Niphal cohortative 1cp · יָכַח (H3198)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָכַח (H3198) 'and you are vindicated'.
יֹאמַ֣רhe saysQal impf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'he says'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יִֽהְי֨וּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
חֲטָאֵיכֶ֤םsinN c · חֵטְא (H2399)Construct chain (genitival)חֵטְא (H2399) 'sin'.
כַּשָּׁנִים֙scarletprep + art + N com m pl abs · שָׁנִי (H8144)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנִי (H8144) 'scarlet'.
כַּשֶּׁ֣לֶגlike snowprep + art + N com m sg abs · שֶׁלֶג (H7950)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁלֶג (H7950) 'like snow'.
יַלְבִּ֔ינוּto make bricksHiphil impf 3mp · לָבַן (H3835)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָבַן (H3835) 'to make bricks'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
יַאְדִּ֥ימוּdyed redHiphil impf 3mp · אָדַם (H119)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָדַם (H119) 'dyed red'.
כַתּוֹלָ֖עand worm ofprep + art + N com c sg abs · תּוֹלַעַת (H8438)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תּוֹלַעַת (H8438) 'and worm of'.
כַּצֶּ֥מֶרwoolprep + art + N com m sg abs · צֶמֶר (H6785)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶמֶר (H6785) 'wool'.
יִהְיֽוּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
19

אִם תֹּאב֖וּ וּשְׁמַעְתֶּ֑ם ט֥וּב הָאָ֖רֶץ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ

If you be willing and obedient, you shall eat the good of the land:

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedʼim
Conditional ʼim. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'are willing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
תֹּאב֖וּare willingQal impf 2mp · אָבָה (H14)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָבָה (H14) 'are willing'.
וּשְׁמַעְתֶּ֑םand he heardconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Particle or relational elementשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
ט֥וּבthe good ofN c · טוּב (H2898)Construct chain (genitival)טוּב (H2898) 'the good of'.
הָאָ֖רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
תֹּאכֵֽלוּyou shall eatQal impf 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
20

וְאִם תְּמָאֲנ֖וּ וּמְרִיתֶ֑ם חֶ֣רֶב תְּאֻכְּל֔וּ כִּ֛י פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר

But if you refuse and rebel, you shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of YHWH has spoken .

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he refused'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
תְּמָאֲנ֖וּand he refusedPiel impf 2mp · מָאֵן (H3985)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָאֵן (H3985) 'and he refused'.
וּמְרִיתֶ֑םyou rebelledconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · מָרָה (H4784)Particle or relational elementמָרָה (H4784) 'you rebelled'.
חֶ֣רֶבthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
תְּאֻכְּל֔וּyou shall eatQal passive impf 2mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
פִּ֥יthe mouth ofN c · פֶּה (H6310)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּה (H6310) 'the mouth of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
דִּבֵּֽרspeakPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
21

אֵיכָה֙ הָיְתָ֣ה לְזוֹנָ֔ה קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָ֑ה מְלֵאֲתִ֣י מִשְׁפָּ֗ט צֶ֛דֶק יָלִ֥ין בָּ֖הּ וְעַתָּ֥ה מְרַצְּחִֽים

How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אֵיכָה֙howinterrog. · אֵיכָה (H349)Particle or relational elementאֵיכָה (H349) 'how'.
הָיְתָ֣הwasQal perf 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
לְזוֹנָ֔הto be a prostituteprep + Qal ptc fs · זָנָה (H2181)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָנָה (H2181) 'to be a prostitute'.
קִרְיָ֖הa cityN c · קִרְיָה (H7151)Construct chain (genitival)קִרְיָה (H7151) 'a city'.
נֶאֱמָנָ֑הfaithfulN · אָמַן (H539)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
מְלֵאֲתִ֣יthe full yieldAdj · מְלֵאָה (H4395)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְלֵאָה (H4395) 'the full yield'.
מִשְׁפָּ֗טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
צֶ֛דֶקjustN c · צֶדֶק (H6664)Construct chain (genitival)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
יָלִ֥יןshall remain overnightQal impf 3ms · לוּן (H3885)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלוּן (H3885) 'shall remain overnight'.
בָּ֖הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וְעַתָּ֥הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
מְרַצְּחִֽיםthe manslayerPiel ptc mp · רָצַח (H7523)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָצַח (H7523) 'the manslayer'.
22

כַּסְפֵּ֖ךְ הָיָ֣ה לְסִיגִ֑ים סָבְאֵ֖ךְ מָה֥וּל בַּמָּֽיִם

Your silver is become dross, your wine mixed with water:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
כַּסְפֵּ֖ךְyour silverN c · כֶּסֶף (H3701)Construct chain (genitival)כֶּסֶף (H3701) 'your silver'.
הָיָ֣הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
לְסִיגִ֑יםtoprep + N com m pl abs · סִיג (H5509)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִיג (H5509) 'to'.
סָבְאֵ֖ךְand a drunkardN c · סָבָא (H5435)Construct chain (genitival)סָבָא (H5435) 'and a drunkard'.
מָה֥וּלmixedQal ptc ms · מָהַל (H4107)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָהַל (H4107) 'mixed'.
בַּמָּֽיִםin waterprep + art + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'in water'.
23

שָׂרַ֣יִךְ סוֹרְרִ֗ים וְחַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלּוֹ֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְרֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְרִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא יָב֥וֹא אֲלֵיהֶֽם

Your princes rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither does the cause of the widow come to them.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'stubborn'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
שָׂרַ֣יִךְchief ofN c · שַׂר (H8269)Construct chain (genitival)שַׂר (H8269) 'chief of'.
סוֹרְרִ֗יםstubbornQal ptc mp · סָרַר (H5637)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסָרַר (H5637) 'stubborn'.
וְחַבְרֵי֙knit togetherconj וְ + N com m pl constr · חָבֵר (H2270)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָבֵר (H2270) 'knit together'.
גַּנָּבִ֔יםthe thiefN c · גַּנָּב (H1590)Construct chain (genitival)גַּנָּב (H1590) 'the thief'.
כֻּלּוֹ֙all of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
אֹהֵ֣בlovedQal ptc ms · אָהַב (H157)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָהַב (H157) 'loved'.
שֹׁ֔חַדa bribeN c · שֹׁחַד (H7810)Construct chain (genitival)שֹׁחַד (H7810) 'a bribe'.
וְרֹדֵ֖ףand he will pursueconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · רָדַף (H7291)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָדַף (H7291) 'and he will pursue'.
שַׁלְמֹנִ֑יםrewardN c · שַׁלְמֹן (H8021)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁלְמֹן (H8021) 'reward'.
יָתוֹם֙orphanN c · יָתוֹם (H3490)Construct chain (genitival)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'orphan'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּthey shall judgeQal impf 3mp · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפַט (H8199) 'they shall judge'.
וְרִ֥יבdisputeconj וְ + N com c sg constr · רִיב (H7379)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
אַלְמָנָ֖הa widowN c · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Construct chain (genitival)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'a widow'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָב֥וֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
אֲלֵיהֶֽםto themprep + sfx 3mp · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to them'.
24

לָכֵ֗ן נְאֻ֤ם הָֽאָדוֹן֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֲבִ֖יר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ה֚וֹי אֶנָּחֵ֣ם מִצָּרַ֔י וְאִנָּקְמָ֖ה מֵאוֹיְבָֽי

Therefore says YHWH, YHWH of hosts, the mighty One of Israel, Ah, I will ease me of mine adversaries, and avenge me of mine enemies:

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitionalasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'he shall be punished'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
לָכֵ֗ןthereforeprep + art · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'therefore'.
נְאֻ֤םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
הָֽאָדוֹן֙my lordart + N com m sg abs · אָדוֹן (H113)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדוֹן (H113) 'my lord'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָא֔וֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
אֲבִ֖ירthe Mighty One ofAdj · אַבִּיר (H46)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַבִּיר (H46) 'the Mighty One of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
ה֚וֹיahparticle · הוֹי (H1945)Particle or relational elementהוֹי (H1945) 'ah'.
אֶנָּחֵ֣םand was comfortedN · נָחַם (H5162)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָחַם (H5162) 'and was comforted'.
מִצָּרַ֔יnarrowprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · צַר (H6862)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
וְאִנָּקְמָ֖הhe shall be punishedconj וְ + Niphal cohortative 1cs · נָקַם (H5358)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalנָקַם (H5358) 'he shall be punished'.
מֵאוֹיְבָֽיyour enemiesprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
25

וְאָשִׁ֤יבָה יָדִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וְאֶצְרֹ֥ף כַּבֹּ֖ר סִיגָ֑יִךְ וְאָסִ֖ירָה כָּל בְּדִילָֽיִךְ

And I will turn my hand upon you, and purely purge away your dross, and take away all your tin:

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'and he returned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְאָשִׁ֤יבָהand he returnedconj וְ + Hiphil cohortative 1cs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
יָדִי֙my handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
עָלַ֔יִךְupon youprep + sfx 2fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
וְאֶצְרֹ֥ףandconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs · צָרַף (H6884)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalצָרַף (H6884) 'and'.
כַּבֹּ֖רas / likeprep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּר (H1253)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּר (H1253) 'as / like'.
סִיגָ֑יִךְdrossN c · סִיג (H5509)Construct chain (genitival)סִיג (H5509) 'dross'.
וְאָסִ֖ירָהhe shall remove itconj וְ + Hiphil impf 1cs · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסוּר (H5493) 'he shall remove it'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
בְּדִילָֽיִךְthe tinN c · בְּדִיל (H913)Construct chain (genitival)בְּדִיל (H913) 'the tin'.
26

וְאָשִׁ֤יבָה שֹׁפְטַ֨יִךְ֙ כְּבָרִ֣אשֹׁנָ֔ה וְיֹעֲצַ֖יִךְ כְּבַתְּחִלָּ֑ה אַחֲרֵי כֵ֗ן יִקָּ֤רֵא לָךְ֙ עִ֣יר הַצֶּ֔דֶק קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָֽה

And I will restore your judges as at the first, and your counsellors as at the beginning: afterward you shall be called, The city of righteousness, the faithful city.

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'and he returned'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְאָשִׁ֤יבָהand he returnedconj וְ + Hiphil cohortative 1cs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
שֹׁפְטַ֨יִךְ֙and judgeQal ptc mp + sfx 2fs · שָׁפַט (H8199)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁפַט (H8199) 'and judge'.
כְּבָרִ֣אשֹׁנָ֔הthe firstprep + prep + art + Adj · רִאשׁוֹן (H7223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִאשׁוֹן (H7223) 'the first'.
וְיֹעֲצַ֖יִךְlet me advise youconj וְ + Qal ptc mp + sfx 2fs · יָעַץ (H3289)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָעַץ (H3289) 'let me advise you'.
כְּבַתְּחִלָּ֑הat the firstprep + prep + art + N com f sg abs · תְּחִלָּה (H8462)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תְּחִלָּה (H8462) 'at the first'.
אַחֲרֵיafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
כֵ֗ןsoart · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יִקָּ֤רֵאshall be calledN · קָרָא (H7121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרָא (H7121) 'shall be called'.
לָךְ֙to youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
עִ֣ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
הַצֶּ֔דֶקjustart + N com m sg abs · צֶדֶק (H6664)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
קִרְיָ֖הa cityN c · קִרְיָה (H7151)Construct chain (genitival)קִרְיָה (H7151) 'a city'.
נֶאֱמָנָֽהfaithfulN · אָמַן (H539)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
27

צִיּ֖וֹן בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣ט תִּפָּדֶ֑ה וְשָׁבֶ֖יהָ בִּצְדָקָֽה

Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he returned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
צִיּ֖וֹןZionN · צִיּוֹן (H6726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צִיּוֹן (H6726) 'Zion'.
בְּמִשְׁפָּ֣טin judgmentprep + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'in judgment'.
תִּפָּדֶ֑הyou shall redeemN · פָּדָה (H6299)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּדָה (H6299) 'you shall redeem'.
וְשָׁבֶ֖יהָand he returnedconj וְ + Qal ptc mp + sfx 3fs · שׁוּב (H7725)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
בִּצְדָקָֽהrighteousnessprep + N com f sg abs · צְדָקָה (H6666)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'righteousness'.
28

וְשֶׁ֧בֶר פֹּשְׁעִ֛ים וְחַטָּאִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וְעֹזְבֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה יִכְלֽוּ

And the destruction of the transgressors and of the sinners together, and they that forsake YHWH shall be consumed.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְשֶׁ֧בֶרa fracture ofconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֶׁבֶר (H7667)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבֶר (H7667) 'a fracture of'.
פֹּשְׁעִ֛יםandQal ptc mp · פָּשַׁע (H6586)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּשַׁע (H6586) 'and'.
וְחַטָּאִ֖יםand sinnersconj וְ + Adj · חַטָּא (H2400)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַטָּא (H2400) 'and sinners'.
יַחְדָּ֑וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
וְעֹזְבֵ֥יyou forsakeconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · עָזַב (H5800)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
יִכְלֽוּand he finishedQal impf 3mp · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּלָה (H3615) 'and he finished'.
29

כִּ֣י יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ מֵאֵילִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲמַדְתֶּ֑ם וְתַ֨חְפְּר֔וּ מֵהַגַּנּ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּֽם

For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which you have desired, and you shall be confounded for the gardens that you have chosen.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'were ashamed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יֵבֹ֔שׁוּwere ashamedQal impf 3mp · בּוּשׁ (H954)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוּשׁ (H954) 'were ashamed'.
מֵאֵילִ֖יםramsprep + N com m pl abs · אַיִל (H352)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַיִל (H352) 'rams'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
חֲמַדְתֶּ֑םyou shall covetQal perf 2mp · חָמַד (H2530)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָמַד (H2530) 'you shall covet'.
וְתַ֨חְפְּר֔וּandconj וְ + Qal impf 2mp · חָפֵר (H2659)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָפֵר (H2659) 'and'.
מֵהַגַּנּ֖וֹתlike gardensprep + art + N com f pl abs · גַּן (H1593)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּן (H1593) 'like gardens'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בְּחַרְתֶּֽםhave chosenQal perf 2mp · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּחַר (H977) 'have chosen'.
30

כִּ֣י תִֽהְי֔וּ כְּאֵלָ֖ה נֹבֶ֣לֶת עָלֶ֑הָ וּֽכְגַנָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁר מַ֖יִם אֵ֥ין לָֽהּ

For you shall be as an oak whose leaf fadeth, and as a garden that has no water.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
תִֽהְי֔וּyou shall beQal impf 2mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'you shall be'.
כְּאֵלָ֖הthe terebinthprep + N com f sg abs · אֵלָה (H424)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלָה (H424) 'the terebinth'.
נֹבֶ֣לֶתand he scornedQal ptc fs · נָבַל (H5034)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָבַל (H5034) 'and he scorned'.
עָלֶ֑הָleaves ofN c · עָלֶה (H5929)Construct chain (genitival)עָלֶה (H5929) 'leaves of'.
וּֽכְגַנָּ֔הlike gardensconj וְ + prep + N com f sg abs · גַּן (H1593)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּן (H1593) 'like gardens'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
מַ֖יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
לָֽהּto herprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to her'.
31

וְהָיָ֤ה הֶחָסֹן֙ לִנְעֹ֔רֶת וּפֹעֲל֖וֹ לְנִיצ֑וֹץ וּבָעֲר֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם יַחְדָּ֖ו וְאֵ֥ין מְכַבֶּֽה

And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench .

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'it shall go out'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְהָיָ֤הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
הֶחָסֹן֙strongart + Adj · חָסֹן (H2634)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָסֹן (H2634) 'strong'.
לִנְעֹ֔רֶתtowprep + N com f sg abs · נְעֹרֶת (H5296)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְעֹרֶת (H5296) 'tow'.
וּפֹעֲל֖וֹhis workconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · פֹּעַל (H6467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֹּעַל (H6467) 'his work'.
לְנִיצ֑וֹץtoprep + N com m sg abs · נִיצוֹץ (H5213)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נִיצוֹץ (H5213) 'to'.
וּבָעֲר֧וּso you shall purgeconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · בָּעַר (H1197)Particle or relational elementבָּעַר (H1197) 'so you shall purge'.
שְׁנֵיהֶ֛םboth of themAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'both of them'.
יַחְדָּ֖וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מְכַבֶּֽהit shall go outPiel ptc ms · כָּבָה (H3518)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּבָה (H3518) 'it shall go out'.