Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Isaiah, Chapter 17ישעיהו 17

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The burden concerning Damascus joins the collapse of Aram and Ephraim, the wasting of Jacob to gleanings, a brief return of human sight toward the Holy One of Israel, forgotten salvation answered by harvest-pain, and a final vision of roaring nations rebuked in an instant. It opens with a northern undoing. Damascus is removed from being a city and becomes a fallen heap, the towns of Aroer are abandoned to flocks, and the stronghold disappears from Ephraim just as kingdom-status disappears from Damascus. Aram and Israel are not treated here as stable rivals but as intertwined objects of judgment, so that what remains of Aram is compared to the fading glory of the sons of Israel. The oracle then turns from international ruin to bodily thinning. The glory of Jacob grows poor, the fatness of his flesh becomes lean, and the nation is pictured like a harvested field stripped by the reaper's arm or like olives left only in the highest boughs after beating. Yet this reduction is not sheer negation. In the day of stripping, a human being will look to his Maker and his eyes will regard the Holy One of Israel rather than the altars, Asherim, and sun-pillars fashioned by human hands. Here judgment clears sight. But that recovered sight does not soften the reason for the devastation. The fortified cities become deserted because the people forgot the God of their salvation and did not remember the rock of their refuge. Beautiful planting and foreign slips may be set out with eager cultivation and may even sprout quickly, yet the harvest proves to be a heap in the day of grief and incurable pain. What seems promising under human management collapses at the point of reaping. The final movement broadens the oracle dramatically. The many nations roar like seas and surge like mighty waters, but YHWH rebukes them and they flee far away like mountain chaff before the wind and whirling dust before the storm. Evening brings terror; before morning the threat is gone. Taken together, the oracle binds Damascus and Ephraim under one sentence, interprets Jacob's loss as a severe gleaning that may redirect sight to the Maker, exposes forgotten salvation beneath cultivated substitutes, and ends by showing that even the great roaring of the nations vanishes at a single divine rebuke.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Five linked movements shape the oracle: Damascus and Ephraim brought low together (vv. 1-3), Jacob reduced to a gleaned remnant (vv. 4-6), renewed looking to the Maker instead of idols (vv. 7-8), fortified desolation and failed cultivation because God was forgotten (vv. 9-11), and the roaring nations silenced by divine rebuke (vv. 12-14). Verse 1 should preserve the bluntness of the superscription and announcement. Damascus is not merely threatened but removed from city-status, and the closing phrase should keep the sense of a ruinous heap rather than a merely weakened settlement. Verse 2 is textually awkward in places and should remain concrete without over-resolving every difficulty. The abandoned cities are yielded to flocks, and the image of untroubled lying down underscores depopulation rather than pastoral blessing. Verse 3 is crucial because it joins Ephraim and Damascus in one judgment frame. The stronghold ceases from Ephraim, kingdom from Damascus, and the remnant of Aram is measured against the fading glory of the sons of Israel. The comparison should remain weighty and not be paraphrased away, because it binds Aram's fate to Israel's humiliation. Verses 4-6 then move into some of the oracle's most vivid reduction imagery. The thinning of Jacob's glory and flesh in verse 4 should keep the bodily force of the Hebrew. Verse 5 compares the nation to grain reaped from standing stalks in the Valley of Rephaim, while verse 6 shifts to olive gleanings left high in the tree. The numbers there should remain concrete, because the point is that only a tiny remainder survives the beating. Verses 7-8 are the theological turn and should be translated with clear contrast. Human attention turns back to the Maker and to the Holy One of Israel, and just as importantly turns away from altars, Asherim, and sun-images produced by human hands and fingers. That restoration note is narrow but real: judgment strips away false objects of trust. Verse 9 is difficult in detail, especially in its historical comparison, but the dominant point should remain the same. Fortified cities become like abandoned wooded heights because of the sons of Israel, and desolation follows. Verses 10-11 then give the reason and one of the oracle's most pointed metaphors. The people forgot the God of their salvation and failed to remember the rock of their refuge. The planting of pleasant plants and the sowing of a foreign slip should be preserved as cultivation imagery with theological edge: what is carefully planted thrives briefly but cannot secure a true harvest. Verse 11's final line is intentionally bleak; the harvest becomes a heap in the day of sickness, inheritance-loss, or grief, and the pain is incurable. Translation should preserve that abrupt reversal from early growth to unusable yield. Verses 12-14 widen from Israel and Aram to the many nations. Their tumult must retain its sea-sound, because the repeated roaring and surging are central to the rhetoric. Yet verse 13 immediately subordinates that apparent enormity to YHWH's rebuke, after which they are chased like mountain chaff before wind and like a whirling thing before storm. Verse 14 then gives the oracle its closing suddenness: evening terror, morning disappearance. The final sentence should remain sharply proverbial, identifying this as the portion of those who plunder and despoil YHWH's people. Taken together, the passage should therefore be translated as an oracle where northern political collapse, covenantal forgetting, remnant reduction, anti-idolatrous clarification, failed cultivated substitutes, and the instant dispersal of roaring nations all serve the sovereignty of the Holy One of Israel. Versification follows the MT. **Cruxes.** | Verse | Issue | | --- | --- | | none | none of note |

1

מַשָּׂ֖א דַּמָּ֑שֶׂק הִנֵּ֤ה דַמֶּ֨שֶׂק֙ מוּסָ֣ר מֵעִ֔יר וְהָיְתָ֖ה מְעִ֥י מַפָּלָֽה

The burden of Damascus. Behold, Damascus is taken away from a city, and it shall be a ruinous heap.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he shall remove it'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
מַשָּׂ֖אburden ofN c · מַשָּׂא (H4853)Construct chain (genitival)מַשָּׂא (H4853) 'burden of'.
דַּמָּ֑שֶׂקDamascusN · דַּמֶּשֶׂק (H1834)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּמֶּשֶׂק (H1834) 'Damascus'.
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
דַמֶּ֨שֶׂק֙DamascusN · דַּמֶּשֶׂק (H1834)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּמֶּשֶׂק (H1834) 'Damascus'.
מוּסָ֣רhe shall remove itHophal ptc ms · סוּר (H5493)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorסוּר (H5493) 'he shall remove it'.
מֵעִ֔ירfrom the city ofprep + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'from the city of'.
וְהָיְתָ֖הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
מְעִ֥יheapN c · מְעִי (H4596)Construct chain (genitival)מְעִי (H4596) 'heap'.
מַפָּלָֽהruinN c · מַפָּלָה (H4654)Construct chain (genitival)מַפָּלָה (H4654) 'ruin'.
2

עֲזֻב֖וֹת עָרֵ֣י עֲרֹעֵ֑ר לַעֲדָרִ֣ים תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה וְרָבְצ֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד

The cities of Aroer forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make afraid.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'you forsake'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עֲזֻב֖וֹתyou forsakeQal ptc fp · עָזַב (H5800)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
עָרֵ֣יthe cities ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the cities of'.
עֲרֹעֵ֑רAroerN · עֲרוֹעֵר (H6177)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲרוֹעֵר (H6177) 'Aroer'.
לַעֲדָרִ֣יםdroveprep + N com m pl abs · עֵדֶר (H5739)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵדֶר (H5739) 'drove'.
תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָהthey shall beQal impf 3fp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
וְרָבְצ֖וּcrouchingconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · רָבַץ (H7257)Particle or relational elementרָבַץ (H7257) 'crouching'.
וְאֵ֥יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מַחֲרִֽידone to frighten awayHiphil ptc ms · חָרַד (H2729)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָרַד (H2729) 'one to frighten away'.
3

וְנִשְׁבַּ֤ת מִבְצָר֙ מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִם וּמַמְלָכָ֥ה מִדַּמֶּ֖שֶׂק וּשְׁאָ֣ר אֲרָ֑ם כִּכְב֤וֹד בְּנֵֽי יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִֽהְי֔וּ נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת

The fortress also shall cease from Ephraim, and the kingdom from Damascus, and the remnant of Syria: they shall be as the glory of the children of Israel, says YHWH of hosts.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְנִשְׁבַּ֤תyou shall restconj וְ + Niphal q 3ms · שָׁבַת (H7673)Particle or relational elementשָׁבַת (H7673) 'you shall rest'.
מִבְצָר֙the fortress ofN c · מִבְצָר (H4013)Construct chain (genitival)מִבְצָר (H4013) 'the fortress of'.
מֵֽאֶפְרַ֔יִםEphraimprep + N proper · אֶפְרַיִם (H669)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶפְרַיִם (H669) 'Ephraim'.
וּמַמְלָכָ֥הthe kingdom ofconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מַמְלָכָה (H4467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַמְלָכָה (H4467) 'the kingdom of'.
מִדַּמֶּ֖שֶׂקDamascusprep + N proper · דַּמֶּשֶׂק (H1834)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דַּמֶּשֶׂק (H1834) 'Damascus'.
וּשְׁאָ֣רandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שְׁאָר (H7605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאָר (H7605) 'and'.
אֲרָ֑םAramN · אֲרָם (H758)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲרָם (H758) 'Aram'.
כִּכְב֤וֹדthe glory ofprep + N com c sg constr · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
יִֽהְי֔וּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
נְאֻ֖םutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְבָאֽוֹתof troopsN c · צָבָא (H6635)Construct chain (genitival)צָבָא (H6635) 'of troops'.
4

וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִדַּ֖ל כְּב֣וֹד יַעֲקֹ֑ב וּמִשְׁמַ֥ן בְּשָׂר֖וֹ יֵרָזֶֽה

And in that day it shall come to pass, the glory of Jacob shall be made thin, and the fatness of his flesh shall wax lean.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְהָיָה֙and it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֔וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יִדַּ֖לandQal impf 3ms · דָּלַל (H1809)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּלַל (H1809) 'and'.
כְּב֣וֹדthe glory ofN c · כָּבוֹד (H3519)Construct chain (genitival)כָּבוֹד (H3519) 'the glory of'.
יַעֲקֹ֑בJacobN · יַעֲקֹב (H3290)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַעֲקֹב (H3290) 'Jacob'.
וּמִשְׁמַ֥ןand from the fatness ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שֶׁמֶן (H4924)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶן (H4924) 'and from the fatness of'.
בְּשָׂר֖וֹhis bodyN c · בָּשָׂר (H1320)Construct chain (genitival)בָּשָׂר (H1320) 'his body'.
יֵרָזֶֽהfamishN · רָזָה (H7329)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָזָה (H7329) 'famish'.
5

וְהָיָ֗ה כֶּֽאֱסֹף֙ קָצִ֣יר קָמָ֔ה וּזְרֹע֖וֹ שִׁבֳּלִ֣ים יִקְצ֑וֹר וְהָיָ֛ה כִּמְלַקֵּ֥ט שִׁבֳּלִ֖ים בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים

And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he gathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְהָיָ֗הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
כֶּֽאֱסֹף֙and he gatheredprep + Qal inf constr · אָסַף (H622)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָסַף (H622) 'and he gathered'.
קָצִ֣ירharvest ofN c · קָצִיר (H7105)Construct chain (genitival)קָצִיר (H7105) 'harvest of'.
קָמָ֔הin the standing grainN c · קָמָה (H7054)Construct chain (genitival)קָמָה (H7054) 'in the standing grain'.
וּזְרֹע֖וֹand his armconj וְ + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'and his arm'.
שִׁבֳּלִ֣יםears of grainN c · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) 'ears of grain'.
יִקְצ֑וֹרand it became impatientQal impf 3ms · קָצַר (H7114)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָצַר (H7114) 'and it became impatient'.
וְהָיָ֛הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
כִּמְלַקֵּ֥טyou shall gatherprep + Piel ptc ms · לָקַט (H3950)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלָקַט (H3950) 'you shall gather'.
שִׁבֳּלִ֖יםears of grainN c · שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641)Construct chain (genitival)שִׁבֹּלֶת (H7641) 'ears of grain'.
בְּעֵ֥מֶקin the valley ofprep + N com m sg constr · עֵמֶק (H6010)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵמֶק (H6010) 'in the valley of'.
רְפָאִֽיםRephaimN · רְפָאִים (H7497)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְפָאִים (H7497) 'Rephaim'.
6

וְנִשְׁאַר בּ֤וֹ עֽוֹלֵלֹת֙ כְּנֹ֣קֶף זַ֔יִת שְׁנַ֧יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֛ה גַּרְגְּרִ֖ים בְּרֹ֣אשׁ אָמִ֑יר אַרְבָּעָ֣ה חֲמִשָּׁ֗ה בִּסְעִפֶ֨יהָ֙ פֹּֽרִיָּ֔ה נְאֻם יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל

Yet gleaning grapes shall be left in it, as the shaking of an olive tree, two three berries in the top of the uppermost bough, four five in the outmost fruitful branches thereof, says YHWH God of Israel.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'be fruitful'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְנִשְׁאַרhe leftconj וְ + Niphal q 3ms · שָׁאַר (H7604)Particle or relational elementשָׁאַר (H7604) 'he left'.
בּ֤וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
עֽוֹלֵלֹת֙gleaningsN c · עֹלֵלָה (H5955)Construct chain (genitival)עֹלֵלָה (H5955) 'gleanings'.
כְּנֹ֣קֶףas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · נֹקֶף (H5363)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֹקֶף (H5363) 'as / like'.
זַ֔יִתoliveN c · זַיִת (H2132)Construct chain (genitival)זַיִת (H2132) 'olive'.
שְׁנַ֧יִםtwoAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two'.
שְׁלֹשָׁ֛הthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
גַּרְגְּרִ֖יםberryN c · גַּרְגַּר (H1620)Construct chain (genitival)גַּרְגַּר (H1620) 'berry'.
בְּרֹ֣אשׁon the top ofprep + N com m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'on the top of'.
אָמִ֑ירboughN c · אָמִיר (H534)Construct chain (genitival)אָמִיר (H534) 'bough'.
אַרְבָּעָ֣הfourAdj · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'four'.
חֲמִשָּׁ֗הfiveAdj · חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִשָּׁה (H2568) 'five'.
בִּסְעִפֶ֨יהָ֙inprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3fs · סָעִיף (H5585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָעִיף (H5585) 'in'.
פֹּֽרִיָּ֔הbe fruitfulQal ptc fs · פָּרָה (H6509)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּרָה (H6509) 'be fruitful'.
נְאֻםutterance ofN c · נְאֻם (H5002)Construct chain (genitival)נְאֻם (H5002) 'utterance of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵ֥יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵֽלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
7

בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִשְׁעֶ֥ה הָאָדָ֖ם עַל עֹשֵׂ֑הוּ וְעֵינָ֕יו אֶל קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תִּרְאֶֽינָה

At that day shall a man look to his Maker, and his eyes shall have respect to the Holy One of Israel.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'let them pay heed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֔וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יִשְׁעֶ֥הlet them pay heedQal impf 3ms · שָׁעָה (H8159)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁעָה (H8159) 'let them pay heed'.
הָאָדָ֖םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
עֹשֵׂ֑הוּwho made himQal ptc ms + sfx 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'who made him'.
וְעֵינָ֕יוin the eyes ofconj וְ + N com c du constr + sfx 3ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
קְד֥וֹשׁholyAdj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
תִּרְאֶֽינָהand he sawQal impf 3fp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
8

וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁעֶ֔ה אֶל הַֽמִּזְבְּח֖וֹת מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יָדָ֑יו וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשׂ֤וּ אֶצְבְּעֹתָיו֙ לֹ֣א יִרְאֶ֔ה וְהָאֲשֵׁרִ֖ים וְהָחַמָּנִֽים

And he shall not look to the altars, the work of his hands, neither shall respect which his fingers have made, either the groves, or the images.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'let them pay heed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יִשְׁעֶ֔הlet them pay heedQal impf 3ms · שָׁעָה (H8159)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁעָה (H8159) 'let them pay heed'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הַֽמִּזְבְּח֖וֹתthe altarart + N com m pl abs · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'the altar'.
מַעֲשֵׂ֣הthe work ofN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
יָדָ֑יוhis handsN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'his hands'.
וַאֲשֶׁ֨רand whoconj וְ + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and who'.
עָשׂ֤וּthey didQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
אֶצְבְּעֹתָיו֙with his fingerN c · אֶצְבַּע (H676)Construct chain (genitival)אֶצְבַּע (H676) 'with his finger'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִרְאֶ֔הshall be seenQal impf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'shall be seen'.
וְהָאֲשֵׁרִ֖יםand their Asherimconj וְ + art + N proper · אֲשֵׁרָה (H842)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲשֵׁרָה (H842) 'and their Asherim'.
וְהָחַמָּנִֽיםyour incense altarsconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · חַמָּן (H2553)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַמָּן (H2553) 'your incense altars'.
9

בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יִהְי֣וּ עָרֵ֣י מָעֻזּ֗וֹ כַּעֲזוּבַ֤ת הַחֹ֨רֶשׁ֙ וְהָ֣אָמִ֔יר אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָזְב֔וּ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהָיְתָ֖ה שְׁמָמָֽה

In that day shall his strong cities be as a forsaken bough, and an uppermost branch, which they left because of the children of Israel: and there shall be desolation.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they shall be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
בַּיּ֨וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֜וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יִהְי֣וּthey shall beQal impf 3mp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'they shall be'.
עָרֵ֣יthe cities ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the cities of'.
מָעֻזּ֗וֹstrongholdN c · מָעוֹז (H4581)Construct chain (genitival)מָעוֹז (H4581) 'stronghold'.
כַּעֲזוּבַ֤תyou forsakeprep + Qal ptc fs · עָזַב (H5800)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָזַב (H5800) 'you forsake'.
הַחֹ֨רֶשׁ֙inart + N com m sg abs · חֹרֶשׁ (H2793)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֹרֶשׁ (H2793) 'in'.
וְהָ֣אָמִ֔ירandconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · אָמִיר (H534)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָמִיר (H534) 'and'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָזְב֔וּthey forsookQal perf 3cp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָזַב (H5800) 'they forsook'.
מִפְּנֵ֖יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וְהָיְתָ֖הand it shall beconj וְ + Qal q 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Particle or relational elementהָיָה (H1961) 'and it shall be'.
שְׁמָמָֽהa desolationN c · שְׁמָמָה (H8077)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁמָמָה (H8077) 'a desolation'.
10

כִּ֤י שָׁכַ֨חַתְּ֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׁעֵ֔ךְ וְצ֥וּר מָעֻזֵּ֖ךְ לֹ֣א זָכָ֑רְתְּ עַל כֵּ֗ן תִּטְּעִי֙ נִטְעֵ֣י נַעֲמָנִ֔ים וּזְמֹ֥רַת זָ֖ר תִּזְרָעֶֽנּוּ

Because you have forgotten the God of your salvation, and have not been mindful of the rock of your strength, therefore shall you plant pleasant plants, and shall set it with strange slips:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you forget'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שָׁכַ֨חַתְּ֙you forgetQal perf 2fs · שָׁכַח (H7911)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁכַח (H7911) 'you forget'.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יִשְׁעֵ֔ךְsafetyN c · יֶשַׁע (H3468)Construct chain (genitival)יֶשַׁע (H3468) 'safety'.
וְצ֥וּרthe rockconj וְ + N com m sg constr · צוּר (H6697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוּר (H6697) 'the rock'.
מָעֻזֵּ֖ךְstrongholdN c · מָעוֹז (H4581)Construct chain (genitival)מָעוֹז (H4581) 'stronghold'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
זָכָ֑רְתְּand you shall rememberQal perf 2fs · זָכַר (H2142)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actזָכַר (H2142) 'and you shall remember'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֗ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
תִּטְּעִי֙you will plantQal impf 2fs · נָטַע (H5193)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָטַע (H5193) 'you will plant'.
נִטְעֵ֣יplantN c · נֶטַע (H5194)Construct chain (genitival)נֶטַע (H5194) 'plant'.
נַעֲמָנִ֔יםpleasantN c · נַעֲמָן (H5282)Construct chain (genitival)נַעֲמָן (H5282) 'pleasant'.
וּזְמֹ֥רַתa branchconj וְ + N com f sg constr · זְמוֹרָה (H2156)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְמוֹרָה (H2156) 'a branch'.
זָ֖רan outsiderAdj · זָר (H2114)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָר (H2114) 'an outsider'.
תִּזְרָעֶֽנּוּyou shall sowQal impf 2ms + sfx 3ms · זָרַע (H2232)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָרַע (H2232) 'you shall sow'.
11

בְּי֤וֹם נִטְעֵךְ֙ תְּשַׂגְשֵׂ֔גִי וּבַבֹּ֖קֶר זַרְעֵ֣ךְ תַּפְרִ֑יחִי נֵ֥ד קָצִ֛יר בְּי֥וֹם נַחֲלָ֖ה וּכְאֵ֥ב אָנֽוּשׁ

In the day shall you make your plant to grow, and in the morning shall you make your seed to flourish: the harvest a heap in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'make to grow'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
בְּי֤וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
נִטְעֵךְ֙plantN c · נֶטַע (H5194)Construct chain (genitival)נֶטַע (H5194) 'plant'.
תְּשַׂגְשֵׂ֔גִיmake to growl impf 2fs · שׂוּג (H7735)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׂוּג (H7735) 'make to grow'.
וּבַבֹּ֖קֶרand in the morningconj וְ + prep + art + N com m sg abs · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'and in the morning'.
זַרְעֵ֣ךְyour offspringN c · זֶרַע (H2233)Construct chain (genitival)זֶרַע (H2233) 'your offspring'.
תַּפְרִ֑יחִיbreaking outHiphil impf 2fs · פָּרַח (H6524)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּרַח (H6524) 'breaking out'.
נֵ֥דa heapN c · נֵד (H5067)Construct chain (genitival)נֵד (H5067) 'a heap'.
קָצִ֛ירharvest ofN c · קָצִיר (H7105)Construct chain (genitival)קָצִיר (H7105) 'harvest of'.
בְּי֥וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
נַחֲלָ֖הinflictedN · חָלָה (H2470)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָה (H2470) 'inflicted'.
וּכְאֵ֥בandconj וְ + N com m sg abs · כְּאֵב (H3511)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כְּאֵב (H3511) 'and'.
אָנֽוּשׁandAdj · אָנַשׁ (H605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנַשׁ (H605) 'and'.
12

ה֗וֹי הֲמוֹן֙ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים כַּהֲמ֥וֹת יַמִּ֖ים יֶהֱמָי֑וּן וּשְׁא֣וֹן לְאֻמִּ֔ים כִּשְׁא֛וֹן מַ֥יִם כַּבִּירִ֖ים יִשָּׁאֽוּן

Woe to the multitude of many people, make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, make a rushing like the rushing of mighty waters!

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'clamorous'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ה֗וֹיahparticle · הוֹי (H1945)Particle or relational elementהוֹי (H1945) 'ah'.
הֲמוֹן֙multitude ofN c · הָמוֹן (H1995)Construct chain (genitival)הָמוֹן (H1995) 'multitude of'.
עַמִּ֣יםpeoplesN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'peoples'.
רַבִּ֔יםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
כַּהֲמ֥וֹתclamorousprep + Qal inf constr · הָמָה (H1993)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָמָה (H1993) 'clamorous'.
יַמִּ֖יםthe seasN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'the seas'.
יֶהֱמָי֑וּןclamorousQal impf 3mp + Sn · הָמָה (H1993)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָמָה (H1993) 'clamorous'.
וּשְׁא֣וֹןandconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שָׁאוֹן (H7588)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוֹן (H7588) 'and'.
לְאֻמִּ֔יםpeoplesN c · לְאֹם (H3816)Construct chain (genitival)לְאֹם (H3816) 'peoples'.
כִּשְׁא֛וֹןas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · שָׁאוֹן (H7588)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוֹן (H7588) 'as / like'.
מַ֥יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
כַּבִּירִ֖יםfeebleAdj · כַּבִּיר (H3524)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּבִּיר (H3524) 'feeble'.
יִשָּׁאֽוּןtoN · שָׁאָה (H7582)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאָה (H7582) 'to'.
13

לְאֻמִּ֗ים כִּשְׁא֞וֹן מַ֤יִם רַבִּים֙ יִשָּׁא֔וּן וְגָ֥עַר בּ֖וֹ וְנָ֣ס מִמֶּרְחָ֑ק וְרֻדַּ֗ף כְּמֹ֤ץ הָרִים֙ לִפְנֵי ר֔וּחַ וּכְגַלְגַּ֖ל לִפְנֵ֥י סוּפָֽה

The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like a rolling thing before the whirlwind.

Nominal or particle frameasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
לְאֻמִּ֗יםpeoplesN c · לְאֹם (H3816)Construct chain (genitival)לְאֹם (H3816) 'peoples'.
כִּשְׁא֞וֹןas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · שָׁאוֹן (H7588)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוֹן (H7588) 'as / like'.
מַ֤יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
רַבִּים֙manyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
יִשָּׁא֔וּןtoN · שָׁאָה (H7582)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאָה (H7582) 'to'.
וְגָ֥עַרand he rebukedconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · גָּעַר (H1605)Particle or relational elementגָּעַר (H1605) 'and he rebuked'.
בּ֖וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וְנָ֣סand he fleesconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · נוּס (H5127)Particle or relational elementנוּס (H5127) 'and he flees'.
מִמֶּרְחָ֑קfromprep + N com m sg abs · מֶרְחָק (H4801)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶרְחָק (H4801) 'from'.
וְרֻדַּ֗ףand he will pursueconj וְ + Pual q 3ms · רָדַף (H7291)Particle or relational elementרָדַף (H7291) 'and he will pursue'.
כְּמֹ֤ץas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · מֹץ (H4671)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֹץ (H4671) 'as / like'.
הָרִים֙hillsN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'hills'.
לִפְנֵיbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
ר֔וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
וּכְגַלְגַּ֖לandconj וְ + prep + N com m sg abs · גַּלְגַּל (H1534)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּלְגַּל (H1534) 'and'.
לִפְנֵ֥יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
סוּפָֽהin SuphahN c · סוּפָה (H5492)Construct chain (genitival)סוּפָה (H5492) 'in Suphah'.
14

לְעֵ֥ת עֶ֨רֶב֙ וְהִנֵּ֣ה בַלָּהָ֔ה בְּטֶ֥רֶם בֹּ֖קֶר אֵינֶ֑נּוּ זֶ֚ה חֵ֣לֶק שׁוֹסֵ֔ינוּ וְגוֹרָ֖ל לְבֹזְזֵֽינוּ

And behold at eveningtide trouble; before the morning he not. This the portion of them that spoil us, and the lot of them that rob us.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'plunderers'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
לְעֵ֥תat the time ofprep + N com c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time of'.
עֶ֨רֶב֙eveningN c · עֶרֶב (H6153)Construct chain (genitival)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'.
וְהִנֵּ֣הand beholdconj וְ + adv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'and behold'.
בַלָּהָ֔הterrorN c · בַּלָּהָה (H1091)Construct chain (genitival)בַּלָּהָה (H1091) 'terror'.
בְּטֶ֥רֶםbeforeprep + art · טֶרֶם (H2962)Particle or relational elementטֶרֶם (H2962) 'before'.
בֹּ֖קֶרmorningN c · בֹּקֶר (H1242)Construct chain (genitival)בֹּקֶר (H1242) 'morning'.
אֵינֶ֑נּוּis notneg. + sfx 3ms · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'is not'.
זֶ֚הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
חֵ֣לֶקportionN c · חֵלֶק (H2506)Construct chain (genitival)חֵלֶק (H2506) 'portion'.
שׁוֹסֵ֔ינוּplunderersQal ptc mp + sfx 1cp · שָׁסָה (H8154)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁסָה (H8154) 'plunderers'.
וְגוֹרָ֖לand one lotconj וְ + N com m sg abs · גּוֹרָל (H1486)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹרָל (H1486) 'and one lot'.
לְבֹזְזֵֽינוּthey plunderedprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cp · בָּזַז (H962)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּזַז (H962) 'they plundered'.