Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Habakkuk, Chapter 1חבקוק 1

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Habakkuk 1 (17 verses in the MT) opens: The burden which Habakkuk the prophet did see. The middle of the chapter continues: They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand. It closes: Shall they therefore empty their net, and not spare continually to slay the nations?

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Habakkuk 1 comprises 17 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — The burden which Habakkuk the prophet did see. The burden which Habakkuk the prophet did see. O YHWH, how long shall I cry, and you will not hear! cry out to you violence, and you will not save! Why dost you shew me iniquity, and cause to behold grievance? for spoiling and violence before me: and there are raise up strife and contention. Therefore the law is slacked, and judgment does never go forth:. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — Behold you among the heathen, and regard, and wonder marvellously: for w. Behold you among the heathen, and regard, and wonder marvellously: for will work a work in your days, you will not believe, though it be told . For, lo, I raise up the Chaldeans, bitter and hasty nation, which shall march through the breadth of the land, to possess the dwellingplaces not theirs. They terrible and dreadful: their judgment and their dignity. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up the east wind. They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand. And they shall scoff at the kings, and the princes shall be a scorn to them: they shall deride every strong hold; for they shall heap dust, and take it. Then shall mind change, and he shall pass over, and offend, this his power to his. Movement IV (vv. 13-16) — of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity: where. of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity: wherefore lookest you upon them that deal treacherously, holdest your tongue when the wicked devoureth more righteous than he? And makest men as the fishes of the sea, as the creeping things, no ruler over them? They take up all of them with the angle, they catch them in their net, and. Movement V (vv. 17) — Shall they therefore empty their net, and not spare continually to slay. Shall they therefore empty their net, and not spare continually to slay the nations? Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

הַמַּשָׂא֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָזָ֔ה חֲבַקּ֖וּק הַנָּבִֽיא

The burden which Habakkuk the prophet did see.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he sees/beholds'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
הַמַּשָׂא֙their burdenart + N com m sg abs · מַשָּׂא (H4853)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַשָּׂא (H4853) 'their burden'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
חָזָ֔הhe sees/beholdsQal perf 3ms · חָזָה (H2372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָזָה (H2372) 'he sees/beholds'.
חֲבַקּ֖וּקHabakkukN · חֲבַקּוּק (H2265)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲבַקּוּק (H2265) 'Habakkuk'.
הַנָּבִֽיאthe prophetart + N com m sg abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'the prophet'.
2

עַד אָ֧נָה יְהוָ֛ה שִׁוַּ֖עְתִּי וְלֹ֣א תִשְׁמָ֑ע אֶזְעַ֥ק אֵלֶ֛יךָ חָמָ֖ס וְלֹ֥א תוֹשִֽׁיעַ

O YHWH, how long shall I cry, and you will not hear! cry out to you violence, and you will not save!

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I cry for help'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
אָ֧נָהwhereart · אָנָה (H575)Particle or relational elementאָנָה (H575) 'where'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
שִׁוַּ֖עְתִּיI cry for helpPiel perf 1cs · שִׁוַּע (H7768)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׁוַּע (H7768) 'I cry for help'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תִשְׁמָ֑עyou listenQal impf 2ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַע (H8085) 'you listen'.
אֶזְעַ֥קand they cried outQal impf 1cs · זָעַק (H2199)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָעַק (H2199) 'and they cried out'.
אֵלֶ֛יךָto youprep + sfx 2ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to you'.
חָמָ֖סviolenceN c · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
תוֹשִֽׁיעַone to saveHiphil impf 2ms · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
3

לָ֣מָּה תַרְאֵ֤נִי אָ֨וֶן֙ וְעָמָ֣ל תַּבִּ֔יט וְשֹׁ֥ד וְחָמָ֖ס לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וַיְהִ֧י רִ֦יב וּמָד֖וֹן יִשָּֽׂא

Why dost you shew me iniquity, and cause to behold grievance? for spoiling and violence before me: and there are raise up strife and contention.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
לָ֣מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
תַרְאֵ֤נִיand he sawHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
אָ֨וֶן֙iniquityN c · אוֹן (H205)Construct chain (genitival)אוֹן (H205) 'iniquity'.
וְעָמָ֣לtroubleconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עָמָל (H5999)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
תַּבִּ֔יטlook backHiphil impf 2ms · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָבַט (H5027) 'look back'.
וְשֹׁ֥דdesolationconj וְ + N com m sg abs · שֹׁד (H7701)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֹׁד (H7701) 'desolation'.
וְחָמָ֖סviolenceconj וְ + N com m sg abs · חָמָס (H2555)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
לְנֶגְדִּ֑יbefore meprep + prep + sfx 1cs · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'before me'.
וַיְהִ֧יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
רִ֦יבdisputeN c · רִיב (H7379)Construct chain (genitival)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
וּמָד֖וֹןbrawlingconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מָדוֹן (H4066)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָדוֹן (H4066) 'brawling'.
יִשָּֽׂאcarriesQal impf 3ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָשָׂא (H5375) 'carries'.
4

עַל כֵּן֙ תָּפ֣וּג תּוֹרָ֔ה וְלֹֽא יֵצֵ֥א לָנֶ֖צַח מִשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּ֤י רָשָׁע֙ מַכְתִּ֣יר אֶת הַצַּדִּ֔יק עַל כֵּ֛ן יֵצֵ֥א מִשְׁפָּ֖ט מְעֻקָּֽל

Therefore the law is slacked, and judgment does never go forth: for the wicked does compass about the righteous; therefore wrong judgment proceedeth.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and went numb'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּן֙soadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
תָּפ֣וּגand went numbQal impf 3fs · פּוּג (H6313)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפּוּג (H6313) 'and went numb'.
תּוֹרָ֔הa torahN c · תּוֹרָה (H8451)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹרָה (H8451) 'a torah'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יֵצֵ֥אone going out (to)Qal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
לָנֶ֖צַחalwayprep + N com m sg abs · נֶצַח (H5331)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶצַח (H5331) 'alway'.
מִשְׁפָּ֑טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
רָשָׁע֙the wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
מַכְתִּ֣ירsurroundHiphil ptc ms · כָּתַר (H3803)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorכָּתַר (H3803) 'surround'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַצַּדִּ֔יקthe righteous [one]art + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'the righteous [one]'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֛ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יֵצֵ֥אone going out (to)Qal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
מִשְׁפָּ֖טjudgmentN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment'.
מְעֻקָּֽלwrongPual ptc ms · עָקַל (H6127)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָקַל (H6127) 'wrong'.
5

רְא֤וּ בַגּוֹיִם֙ וְֽהַבִּ֔יטוּ וְהִֽתַּמְּה֖וּ תְּמָ֑הוּ כִּי פֹ֨עַל֙ פֹּעֵ֣ל בִּֽימֵיכֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תַאֲמִ֖ינוּ כִּ֥י יְסֻפָּֽר

Behold you among the heathen, and regard, and wonder marvellously: for will work a work in your days, you will not believe, though it be told .

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
רְא֤וּsawQal impv 2mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָאָה (H7200) 'saw'.
בַגּוֹיִם֙among the nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'among the nations'.
וְֽהַבִּ֔יטוּand they would gazeconj וְ + Hiphil impv 2mp · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָבַט (H5027) 'and they would gaze'.
וְהִֽתַּמְּה֖וּand they marveledconj וְ + Hithpael impv 2mp · תָּמַהּ (H8539)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeתָּמַהּ (H8539) 'and they marveled'.
תְּמָ֑הוּand they marveledQal impv 2mp · תָּמַהּ (H8539)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeתָּמַהּ (H8539) 'and they marveled'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
פֹ֨עַל֙his workN c · פֹּעַל (H6467)Construct chain (genitival)פֹּעַל (H6467) 'his work'.
פֹּעֵ֣לdidQal ptc ms · פָּעַל (H6466)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּעַל (H6466) 'did'.
בִּֽימֵיכֶ֔םtodayprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 2mp · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'today'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תַאֲמִ֖ינוּfaithfulHiphil impf 2mp · אָמַן (H539)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַן (H539) 'faithful'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יְסֻפָּֽרshall be countedPual impf 3ms · סָפַר (H5608)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסָפַר (H5608) 'shall be counted'.
6

כִּֽי הִנְנִ֤י מֵקִים֙ אֶת הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים הַגּ֖וֹי הַמַּ֣ר וְהַנִּמְהָ֑ר הַֽהוֹלֵךְ֙ לְמֶרְחֲבֵי אֶ֔רֶץ לָרֶ֖שֶׁת מִשְׁכָּנ֥וֹת לֹּא לֽוֹ

For, lo, I raise up the Chaldeans, bitter and hasty nation, which shall march through the breadth of the land, to possess the dwellingplaces not theirs.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'establishing'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הִנְנִ֤יbehold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
מֵקִים֙establishingHiphil ptc ms · קוּם (H6965)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקוּם (H6965) 'establishing'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔יםof the Chaldeansart + N proper · כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּשְׂדִּים (H3778) 'of the Chaldeans'.
הַגּ֖וֹיthe nationart + N com m sg abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'the nation'.
הַמַּ֣רof bitternessart + Adj · מַר (H4751)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַר (H4751) 'of bitterness'.
וְהַנִּמְהָ֑רand she hurriedconj וְ + art + Niphal ptc ms · מָהַר (H4116)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָהַר (H4116) 'and she hurried'.
הַֽהוֹלֵךְ֙wentart + Qal ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
לְמֶרְחֲבֵיtoprep + N com m pl constr · מֶרְחָב (H4800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶרְחָב (H4800) 'to'.
אֶ֔רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
לָרֶ֖שֶׁתto possessprep + Qal inf constr · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to possess'.
מִשְׁכָּנ֥וֹתthe tabernacleN c · מִשְׁכָּן (H4908)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁכָּן (H4908) 'the tabernacle'.
לֹּאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
7

אָיֹ֥ם וְנוֹרָ֖א ה֑וּא מִמֶּ֕נּוּ מִשְׁפָּט֥וֹ וּשְׂאֵת֖וֹ יֵצֵֽא

They terrible and dreadful: their judgment and their dignity shall proceed of themselves.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and awesome'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אָיֹ֥םterribleAdj · אָיֹם (H366)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָיֹם (H366) 'terrible'.
וְנוֹרָ֖אand awesomeconj וְ + Niphal ptc ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרֵא (H3372) 'and awesome'.
ה֑וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
מִמֶּ֕נּוּfrom itprep + sfx 1cp · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
מִשְׁפָּט֥וֹas prescribedN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'as prescribed'.
וּשְׂאֵת֖וֹa swellingconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · שְׂאֵת (H7613)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׂאֵת (H7613) 'a swelling'.
יֵצֵֽאone going out (to)Qal impf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
8

וְקַלּ֨וּ מִנְּמֵרִ֜ים סוּסָ֗יו וְחַדּוּ֙ מִזְּאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב וּפָ֖שׁוּ פָּֽרָשָׁ֑יו וּפָֽרָשָׁיו֙ מֵרָח֣וֹק יָבֹ֔אוּ יָעֻ֕פוּ כְּנֶ֖שֶׁר חָ֥שׁ לֶאֱכֽוֹל

Their horses also are swifter than the leopards, and are more fierce than the evening wolves: and their horsemen shall spread themselves, and their horsemen shall come from far; they shall fly as the eagle hasteth to eat.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'to curse'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וְקַלּ֨וּto curseconj וְ + Qal perf 3cp · קָלַל (H7043)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָלַל (H7043) 'to curse'.
מִנְּמֵרִ֜יםandprep + N com m pl abs · נָמֵר (H5246)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָמֵר (H5246) 'and'.
סוּסָ֗יוhorseN c · סוּס (H5483)Construct chain (genitival)סוּס (H5483) 'horse'.
וְחַדּוּ֙be fierceconj וְ + Qal perf 3cp · חָדַד (H2300)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָדַד (H2300) 'be fierce'.
מִזְּאֵ֣בֵיa wolfprep + N com m pl constr · זְאֵב (H2061)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זְאֵב (H2061) 'a wolf'.
עֶ֔רֶבeveningN c · עֶרֶב (H6153)Construct chain (genitival)עֶרֶב (H6153) 'evening'.
וּפָ֖שׁוּgrow upconj וְ + Qal perf 3cp · פּוּשׁ (H6335)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actפּוּשׁ (H6335) 'grow up'.
פָּֽרָשָׁ֑יוtheir horsemenN c · פָּרָשׁ (H6571)Construct chain (genitival)פָּרָשׁ (H6571) 'their horsemen'.
וּפָֽרָשָׁיו֙and his horsemenconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּרָשׁ (H6571)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּרָשׁ (H6571) 'and his horsemen'.
מֵרָח֣וֹקfrom far awayprep + Adj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'from far away'.
יָבֹ֔אוּshall go inQal impf 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'shall go in'.
יָעֻ֕פוּand exhaustedQal impf 3mp · עוּף (H5774)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעוּף (H5774) 'and exhausted'.
כְּנֶ֖שֶׁרlike an eagleprep + N com m sg abs · נֶשֶׁר (H5404)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֶשֶׁר (H5404) 'like an eagle'.
חָ֥שׁand hastensQal ptc ms · חוּשׁ (H2363)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחוּשׁ (H2363) 'and hastens'.
לֶאֱכֽוֹלyou shall eatprep + Qal inf constr · אָכַל (H398)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
9

כֻּלֹּה֙ לְחָמָ֣ס יָב֔וֹא מְגַמַּ֥ת פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם קָדִ֑ימָה וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף כַּח֖וֹל שֶֽׁבִי

They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he may come'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כֻּלֹּה֙all of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
לְחָמָ֣סviolenceprep + N com m sg abs · חָמָס (H2555)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
יָב֔וֹאhe may comeQal impf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he may come'.
מְגַמַּ֥תsup upN c · מְגַמָּה (H4041)Construct chain (genitival)מְגַמָּה (H4041) 'sup up'.
פְּנֵיהֶ֖םtheir facesN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'their faces'.
קָדִ֑ימָהeastN c · קָדִים (H6921)Construct chain (genitival)קָדִים (H6921) 'east'.
וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ףand he gatheredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָסַף (H622) 'and he gathered'.
כַּח֖וֹלlike the sand ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · חוֹל (H2344)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוֹל (H2344) 'like the sand of'.
שֶֽׁבִיcaptivesN c · שְׁבִי (H7628)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁבִי (H7628) 'captives'.
10

וְהוּא֙ בַּמְּלָכִ֣ים יִתְקַלָּ֔ס וְרֹזְנִ֖ים מִשְׂחָ֣ק ל֑וֹ ה֚וּא לְכָל מִבְצָ֣ר יִשְׂחָ֔ק וַיִּצְבֹּ֥ר עָפָ֖ר וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ

And they shall scoff at the kings, and the princes shall be a scorn to them: they shall deride every strong hold; for they shall heap dust, and take it.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וְהוּא֙and heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
בַּמְּלָכִ֣יםthe kingprep + art + N com m pl abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
יִתְקַלָּ֔סandHithpael impf 3ms · קָלַס (H7046)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָלַס (H7046) 'and'.
וְרֹזְנִ֖יםO rulersconj וְ + Qal ptc mp · רָזַן (H7336)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרָזַן (H7336) 'O rulers'.
מִשְׂחָ֣קscornN c · מִשְׂחַק (H4890)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׂחַק (H4890) 'scorn'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
ה֚וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
לְכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
מִבְצָ֣רthe fortress ofN c · מִבְצָר (H4013)Construct chain (genitival)מִבְצָר (H4013) 'the fortress of'.
יִשְׂחָ֔קandQal impf 3ms · שָׂחַק (H7832)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂחַק (H7832) 'and'.
וַיִּצְבֹּ֥רand piled upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · צָבַר (H6651)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָבַר (H6651) 'and piled up'.
עָפָ֖רdustN c · עָפָר (H6083)Construct chain (genitival)עָפָר (H6083) 'dust'.
וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּand he captured itconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · לָכַד (H3920)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָכַד (H3920) 'and he captured it'.
11

אָ֣ז חָלַ֥ף ר֛וּחַ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ר וְאָשֵׁ֑ם ז֥וּ כֹח֖וֹ לֵאלֹהֽוֹ

Then shall mind change, and he shall pass over, and offend, this his power to his god.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and changed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
אָ֣זthenart · אָז (H227)Particle or relational elementאָז (H227) 'then'.
חָלַ֥ףand changedQal perf 3ms · חָלַף (H2498)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָלַף (H2498) 'and changed'.
ר֛וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖רand he passed onconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָבַר (H5674) 'and he passed on'.
וְאָשֵׁ֑םthen he is guiltyconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · אָשֵׁם (H816)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָשֵׁם (H816) 'then he is guilty'.
ז֥וּwhomrel. שֶׁ · זוּ (H2098)Particle or relational elementזוּ (H2098) 'whom'.
כֹח֖וֹby your powerN c · כֹּחַ (H3581)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּחַ (H3581) 'by your power'.
לֵאלֹהֽוֹGodprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
12

הֲל֧וֹא אַתָּ֣ה מִקֶּ֗דֶם יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהַ֛י קְדֹשִׁ֖י לֹ֣א נָמ֑וּת יְהוָה֙ לְמִשְׁפָּ֣ט שַׂמְתּ֔וֹ וְצ֖וּר לְהוֹכִ֥יחַ יְסַדְתּֽוֹ

you not from everlasting, O YHWH my God, mine Holy One? we shall not die. O YHWH, you have ordained them for judgment; and, O mighty God, you have established them for correction.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'should we die'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
הֲל֧וֹאis it notinterrog. + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'is it not'.
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
מִקֶּ֗דֶםeast ofprep + N com m sg abs · קֶדֶם (H6924)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶדֶם (H6924) 'east of'.
יְהוָ֧הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהַ֛יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
קְדֹשִׁ֖יthe holy things ofAdj · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'the holy things of'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
נָמ֑וּתshould we dieQal impf 1cp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'should we die'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לְמִשְׁפָּ֣טfor judgmentprep + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'for judgment'.
שַׂמְתּ֔וֹand he setQal perf 2ms + sfx 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
וְצ֖וּרthe rockconj וְ + N com m sg abs · צוּר (H6697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צוּר (H6697) 'the rock'.
לְהוֹכִ֥יחַand you are vindicatedprep + Hiphil inf constr · יָכַח (H3198)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָכַח (H3198) 'and you are vindicated'.
יְסַדְתּֽוֹit was foundedQal perf 2ms + sfx 3ms · יָסַד (H3245)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָסַד (H3245) 'it was founded'.
13

טְה֤וֹר עֵינַ֨יִם֙ מֵרְא֣וֹת רָ֔ע וְהַבִּ֥יט אֶל עָמָ֖ל לֹ֣א תוּכָ֑ל לָ֤מָּה תַבִּיט֙ בּֽוֹגְדִ֔ים תַּחֲרִ֕ישׁ בְּבַלַּ֥ע רָשָׁ֖ע צַדִּ֥יק מִמֶּֽנּוּ

of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity: wherefore lookest you upon them that deal treacherously, holdest your tongue when the wicked devoureth more righteous than he?

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
טְה֤וֹרpurenessAdj · טְהוֹר (H2890)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טְהוֹר (H2890) 'pureness'.
עֵינַ֨יִם֙eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'eyes'.
מֵרְא֣וֹתand he sawprep + Qal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
רָ֔עbadAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'bad'.
וְהַבִּ֥יטand he lookedconj וְ + Hiphil inf constr · נָבַט (H5027)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָבַט (H5027) 'and he looked'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עָמָ֖לtroubleN c · עָמָל (H5999)Construct chain (genitival)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
לֹ֣אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תוּכָ֑לyou mayQal impf 2ms · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'you may'.
לָ֤מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
תַבִּיט֙look backHiphil impf 2ms · נָבַט (H5027)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָבַט (H5027) 'look back'.
בּֽוֹגְדִ֔יםin his dealing treacherouslyQal ptc mp · בָּגַד (H898)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבָּגַד (H898) 'in his dealing treacherously'.
תַּחֲרִ֕ישׁand is silentHiphil impf 2ms · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַשׁ (H2790) 'and is silent'.
בְּבַלַּ֥עand it swallowedprep + Piel inf constr · בָּלַע (H1104)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּלַע (H1104) 'and it swallowed'.
רָשָׁ֖עthe wickedAdj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked'.
צַדִּ֥יקrighteousAdj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'righteous'.
מִמֶּֽנּוּfrom itprep + sfx 3ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
14

וַתַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֖ם כִּדְגֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם כְּרֶ֖מֶשׂ לֹא מֹשֵׁ֥ל בּֽוֹ

And makest men as the fishes of the sea, as the creeping things, no ruler over them?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'to do'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַתַּעֲשֶׂ֥הto doconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'.
אָדָ֖םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
כִּדְגֵ֣יfish ofprep + N com m pl constr · דָּג (H1709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּג (H1709) 'fish of'.
הַיָּ֑םthe seaart + N com m sg abs · יָם (H3220)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָם (H3220) 'the sea'.
כְּרֶ֖מֶשׂthe creeping thingsprep + N com m sg abs · רֶמֶשׂ (H7431)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶמֶשׂ (H7431) 'the creeping things'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
מֹשֵׁ֥לrulingQal ptc ms · מָשַׁל (H4910)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorמָשַׁל (H4910) 'ruling'.
בּֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
15

כֻּלֹּה֙ בְּחַכָּ֣ה הֵֽעֲלָ֔ה יְגֹרֵ֣הוּ בְחֶרְמ֔וֹ וְיַאַסְפֵ֖הוּ בְּמִכְמַרְתּ֑וֹ עַל כֵּ֖ן יִשְׂמַ֥ח וְיָגִֽיל

They take up all of them with the angle, they catch them in their net, and gather them in their drag: therefore they rejoice and are glad.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'that rises'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
כֻּלֹּה֙all of itN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all of it'.
בְּחַכָּ֣הangleprep + N com f sg abs · חַכָּה (H2443)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַכָּה (H2443) 'angle'.
הֵֽעֲלָ֔הthat risesHiphil perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'that rises'.
יְגֹרֵ֣הוּit chewsQal impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · גָּרַר (H1641)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּרַר (H1641) 'it chews'.
בְחֶרְמ֔וֹthe devoted thingsprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · חֵרֶם (H2764)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵרֶם (H2764) 'the devoted things'.
וְיַאַסְפֵ֖הוּand he gatheredconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָסַף (H622) 'and he gathered'.
בְּמִכְמַרְתּ֑וֹdragprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · מִכְמֶרֶת (H4365)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִכְמֶרֶת (H4365) 'drag'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֖ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יִשְׂמַ֥חand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
וְיָגִֽילbe gladconj וְ + Qal impf 3ms · גִּיל (H1523)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגִּיל (H1523) 'be glad'.
16

עַל כֵּן֙ יְזַבֵּ֣חַ לְחֶרְמ֔וֹ וִֽיקַטֵּ֖ר לְמִכְמַרְתּ֑וֹ כִּ֤י בָהֵ֨מָּה֙ שָׁמֵ֣ן חֶלְק֔וֹ וּמַאֲכָל֖וֹ בְּרִאָֽה

Therefore they sacrifice to their net, and burn incense to their drag; because by them their portion fat, and their meat plenteous.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'to sacrifice'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּן֙soadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יְזַבֵּ֣חַto sacrificePiel impf 3ms · זָבַח (H2076)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָבַח (H2076) 'to sacrifice'.
לְחֶרְמ֔וֹthe devoted thingsprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · חֵרֶם (H2764)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵרֶם (H2764) 'the devoted things'.
וִֽיקַטֵּ֖רburnedconj וְ + Piel impf 3ms · קָטַר (H6999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָטַר (H6999) 'burned'.
לְמִכְמַרְתּ֑וֹdragprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · מִכְמֶרֶת (H4365)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִכְמֶרֶת (H4365) 'drag'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בָהֵ֨מָּה֙with themprep + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'with them'.
שָׁמֵ֣ןstoutAdj · שָׁמֵן (H8082)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמֵן (H8082) 'stout'.
חֶלְק֔וֹportionN c · חֵלֶק (H2506)Construct chain (genitival)חֵלֶק (H2506) 'portion'.
וּמַאֲכָל֖וֹfoodconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מַאֲכָל (H3978)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַאֲכָל (H3978) 'food'.
בְּרִאָֽהfatAdj · בָּרִיא (H1277)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּרִיא (H1277) 'fat'.
17

הַ֥עַל כֵּ֖ן יָרִ֣יק חֶרְמ֑וֹ וְתָמִ֛יד לַהֲרֹ֥ג גּוֹיִ֖ם לֹ֥א יַחְמֽוֹל

Shall they therefore empty their net, and not spare continually to slay the nations?

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will draw out'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
הַ֥עַלoninterrog. + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֖ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
יָרִ֣יקI will draw outHiphil impf 3ms · רִיק (H7324)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרִיק (H7324) 'I will draw out'.
חֶרְמ֑וֹthe devoted thingsN c · חֵרֶם (H2764)Construct chain (genitival)חֵרֶם (H2764) 'the devoted things'.
וְתָמִ֛ידcontinuallyconj וְ + N com m sg abs · תָּמִיד (H8548)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִיד (H8548) 'continually'.
לַהֲרֹ֥גto killprep + Qal inf constr · הָרַג (H2026)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָרַג (H2026) 'to kill'.
גּוֹיִ֖םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יַחְמֽוֹלyou shall spareQal impf 3ms · חָמַל (H2550)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָמַל (H2550) 'you shall spare'.