Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Ezekiel, Chapter 6יחזקאל 6

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Ezekiel 6 (14 verses in the MT) opens: And the word of YHWH came to me, saying, The middle of the chapter continues: Yet will I leave a remnant, that you may have that shall escape the sword among the nations, when you shall be scattered through the countries. It closes: So will I stretch out my hand upon them, and make the land desolate, yea, more desolate than the wilderness toward Diblath, in all their habitations: and they shall know that I YHWH.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. Ezekiel 6 comprises 14 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — And the word of YHWH came to me, saying. And the word of YHWH came to me, saying, Son of man, set your face toward the mountains of Israel, and prophesy against them, And say, You mountains of Israel, hear the word of YHWH YHWH; Thus says YHWH YHWH to the mountains, and to the hills, to the rivers, and to the valleys; Behold, I, I, will bring a sword upon you, and I will destroy your high places.. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And I will lay the dead carcases of the children of Israel before their. And I will lay the dead carcases of the children of Israel before their idols; and I will scatter your bones round about your altars. In all your dwellingplaces the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your images may be cut down,. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — And they that escape of you shall remember me among the nations whither. And they that escape of you shall remember me among the nations whither they shall be carried captives, because I am broken with their whorish heart, which has departed from me, and with their eyes, which go a whoring after their idols: and they shall lothe themselves for the evils which they have committed in all their abominations. And they shall know. Movement IV (vv. 13-14) — Then shall you know that I YHWH, when their slain shall be among their i. Then shall you know that I YHWH, when their slain shall be among their idols round about their altars, upon every high hill, in all the tops of the mountains, and under every green tree, and under every thick oak, the place where they did offer sweet savour to all their idols. So will I stretch out my hand upon them, and make the land desolate, yea, more. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר

And the word of YHWH came to me, saying,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וַיְהִ֥יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
דְבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֵלַ֥יto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
לֵאמֹֽרsayingprep + Qal inf constr · אָמַר (H559)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָמַר (H559) 'saying'.
2

בֶּן אָדָ֕ם שִׂ֥ים פָּנֶ֖יךָ אֶל הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהִנָּבֵ֖א אֲלֵיהֶֽם

Son of man, set your face toward the mountains of Israel, and prophesy against them,

Imperative — volitional addressasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'put'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
אָדָ֕םmanN c · אָדָם (H120)Construct chain (genitival)אָדָם (H120) 'man'.
שִׂ֥יםputQal impv 2ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשִׂים (H7760) 'put'.
פָּנֶ֖יךָyour faceN c · פָּנִים (H6440)Construct chain (genitival)פָּנִים (H6440) 'your face'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הָרֵ֣יthe mountains ofN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וְהִנָּבֵ֖אand they prophesiedconj וְ + Niphal impv 2ms · נָבָא (H5012)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeנָבָא (H5012) 'and they prophesied'.
אֲלֵיהֶֽםto themprep + sfx 3mp · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to them'.
3

וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔ הָרֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּה אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְ֠הוִה לֶהָרִ֨ים וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹת לָאֲפִיקִ֣ים ולגאית וְלַגֵּאָי֗וֹת הִנְנִ֨י אֲנִ֜י מֵבִ֤יא עֲלֵיכֶם֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְאִבַּדְתִּ֖י בָּמֽוֹתֵיכֶֽם

And say, You mountains of Israel, hear the word of YHWH YHWH; Thus says YHWH YHWH to the mountains, and to the hills, to the rivers, and to the valleys; Behold, I, I, will bring a sword upon you, and I will destroy your high places.

Imperative — volitional addresswə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'his hearing'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔and you shall sayconj וְ + Qal q 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Particle or relational elementאָמַר (H559) 'and you shall say'.
הָרֵי֙the mountains ofN c · הַר (H2022)Construct chain (genitival)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
שִׁמְע֖וּhis hearingQal impv 2mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁמַע (H8085) 'his hearing'.
דְּבַרthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֑הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
כֹּהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְ֠הוִהYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
לֶהָרִ֨יםthe mountainprep + art + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountain'.
וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹתthe hills ofconj וְ + prep + art + N com f pl abs · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
לָאֲפִיקִ֣יםbrookprep + art + N com m pl abs · אָפִיק (H650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָפִיק (H650) 'brook'.
ולגאיתin the valleyconj וְ + prep + art + N com c pl abs · גַּיְא (H1516)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּיְא (H1516) 'in the valley'.
וְלַגֵּאָי֗וֹתin the valleyconj וְ + prep + art + N com c pl abs · גַּיְא (H1516)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּיְא (H1516) 'in the valley'.
הִנְנִ֨יhere I amadv. + sfx 1cs · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'here I am'.
אֲנִ֜יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
מֵבִ֤יאam bringingHiphil ptc ms · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'am bringing'.
עֲלֵיכֶם֙against youprep + sfx 2mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'against you'.
חֶ֔רֶבthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
וְאִבַּדְתִּ֖יyour perishingconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · אָבַד (H6)Particle or relational elementאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
בָּמֽוֹתֵיכֶֽםtheir high placesN c · בָּמָה (H1116)Construct chain (genitival)בָּמָה (H1116) 'their high places'.
4

וְנָשַׁ֨מּוּ֙ מִזְבְּח֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִשְׁבְּר֖וּ חַמָּֽנֵיכֶ֑ם וְהִפַּלְתִּי֙ חַלְלֵיכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶֽם

And your altars shall be desolate, and your images shall be broken: and I will cast down your slain before your idols.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְנָשַׁ֨מּוּ֙and will be made desolateconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · שָׁמֵם (H8074)Particle or relational elementשָׁמֵם (H8074) 'and will be made desolate'.
מִזְבְּח֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔םthe altarN c · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'the altar'.
וְנִשְׁבְּר֖וּyou shall breakconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · שָׁבַר (H7665)Particle or relational elementשָׁבַר (H7665) 'you shall break'.
חַמָּֽנֵיכֶ֑םyour incense altarsN c · חַמָּן (H2553)Construct chain (genitival)חַמָּן (H2553) 'your incense altars'.
וְהִפַּלְתִּי֙and he fellconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · נָפַל (H5307)Particle or relational elementנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
חַלְלֵיכֶ֔םthe slainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'the slain'.
לִפְנֵ֖יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
גִּלּוּלֵיכֶֽםyour idolsN c · גִּלּוּל (H1544)Construct chain (genitival)גִּלּוּל (H1544) 'your idols'.
5

וְנָתַתִּ֗י אֶת פִּגְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לִפְנֵ֖י גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֑ם וְזֵרִיתִי֙ אֶת עַצְמ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם סְבִיב֖וֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶֽם

And I will lay the dead carcases of the children of Israel before their idols; and I will scatter your bones round about your altars.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְנָתַתִּ֗יand I will giveconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'and I will give'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
פִּגְרֵי֙the corpses ofN c · פֶּגֶר (H6297)Construct chain (genitival)פֶּגֶר (H6297) 'the corpses of'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
לִפְנֵ֖יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֑םtheir idolsN c · גִּלּוּל (H1544)Construct chain (genitival)גִּלּוּל (H1544) 'their idols'.
וְזֵרִיתִי֙I will scatterconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · זָרָה (H2219)Particle or relational elementזָרָה (H2219) 'I will scatter'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עַצְמ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔םthe bones ofN c · עֶצֶם (H6106)Construct chain (genitival)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'the bones of'.
סְבִיב֖וֹתaroundN c · סָבִיב (H5439)Construct chain (genitival)סָבִיב (H5439) 'around'.
מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶֽםthe altarN c · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'the altar'.
6

בְּכֹל֙ מוֹשְׁב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם הֶעָרִ֣ים תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה וְהַבָּמ֖וֹת תִּישָׁ֑מְנָה לְמַעַן֩ יֶחֶרְב֨וּ וְיֶאְשְׁמ֜וּ מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם וְנִשְׁבְּר֤וּ וְנִשְׁבְּתוּ֙ גִּלּ֣וּלֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִגְדְּעוּ֙ חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנִמְח֖וּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶֽם

In all your dwellingplaces the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your images may be cut down, and your works may be abolished.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'had dried up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
בְּכֹל֙in allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
מוֹשְׁב֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔םyour dwellingsN c · מוֹשָׁב (H4186)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹשָׁב (H4186) 'your dwellings'.
הֶעָרִ֣יםthe citiesart + N com f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the cities'.
תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָהhad dried upQal impf 3fp · חָרַב (H2717)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַב (H2717) 'had dried up'.
וְהַבָּמ֖וֹתtheir high placesconj וְ + art + N com f pl abs · בָּמָה (H1116)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּמָה (H1116) 'their high places'.
תִּישָׁ֑מְנָהbecome desolateQal impf 3fp · שָׁמֵם (H3456)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמֵם (H3456) 'become desolate'.
לְמַעַן֩so thatprep · לְמַעַן (H4616)Particle or relational elementלְמַעַן (H4616) 'so that'.
יֶחֶרְב֨וּhad dried upQal impf 3mp · חָרַב (H2717)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָרַב (H2717) 'had dried up'.
וְיֶאְשְׁמ֜וּthen he is guiltyconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · אָשֵׁם (H816)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָשֵׁם (H816) 'then he is guilty'.
מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗םthe altarN c · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'the altar'.
וְנִשְׁבְּר֤וּyou shall breakconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · שָׁבַר (H7665)Particle or relational elementשָׁבַר (H7665) 'you shall break'.
וְנִשְׁבְּתוּ֙you shall restconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · שָׁבַת (H7673)Particle or relational elementשָׁבַת (H7673) 'you shall rest'.
גִּלּ֣וּלֵיכֶ֔םyour idolsN c · גִּלּוּל (H1544)Construct chain (genitival)גִּלּוּל (H1544) 'your idols'.
וְנִגְדְּעוּ֙you shall hew downconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · גָּדַע (H1438)Particle or relational elementגָּדַע (H1438) 'you shall hew down'.
חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔םyour incense altarsN c · חַמָּן (H2553)Construct chain (genitival)חַמָּן (H2553) 'your incense altars'.
וְנִמְח֖וּbe wiped outconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · מָחָה (H4229)Particle or relational elementמָחָה (H4229) 'be wiped out'.
מַעֲשֵׂיכֶֽםyour worksN c · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Construct chain (genitival)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'your works'.
7

וְנָפַ֥ל חָלָ֖ל בְּתֽוֹכְכֶ֑ם וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה

And the slain shall fall in the midst of you, and you shall know that I YHWH.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְנָפַ֥לand ... perishconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Particle or relational elementנָפַל (H5307) 'and ... perish'.
חָלָ֖לa slain manAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'a slain man'.
בְּתֽוֹכְכֶ֑םamong youprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2mp · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'among you'.
וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖םand you shall knowconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · יָדַע (H3045)Particle or relational elementיָדַע (H3045) 'and you shall know'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲנִ֥יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
8

וְהוֹתַרְתִּ֗י בִּהְי֥וֹת לָכֶ֛ם פְּלִ֥יטֵי חֶ֖רֶב בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם בְּהִזָּרֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת

Yet will I leave a remnant, that you may have that shall escape the sword among the nations, when you shall be scattered through the countries.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'when there was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְהוֹתַרְתִּ֗יwho remainedconj וְ + Hiphil q 1cs · יָתַר (H3498)Particle or relational elementיָתַר (H3498) 'who remained'.
בִּהְי֥וֹתwhen there wasprep + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'when there was'.
לָכֶ֛םto youprep + sfx 2mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
פְּלִ֥יטֵיthe fugitiveN c · פָּלִיט (H6412)Construct chain (genitival)פָּלִיט (H6412) 'the fugitive'.
חֶ֖רֶבthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
בַּגּוֹיִ֑םamong the nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'among the nations'.
בְּהִזָּרֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖םI will scatterprep + Niphal inf constr + sfx 2mp · זָרָה (H2219)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementזָרָה (H2219) 'I will scatter'.
בָּאֲרָצֽוֹתthe landprep + art + N com c pl abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
9

וְזָכְר֨וּ פְלִֽיטֵיכֶ֜ם אוֹתִ֗י בַּגּוֹיִם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁבּוּ שָׁם֒ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֜רְתִּי אֶת לִבָּ֣ם הַזּוֹנֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁר סָר֙ מֵֽעָלַ֔י וְאֵת֙ עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔ם הַזֹּנ֕וֹת אַחֲרֵ֖י גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֑ם וְנָקֹ֨טּוּ֙ בִּפְנֵיהֶ֔ם אֶל הָֽרָעוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֔וּ לְכֹ֖ל תּוֹעֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם

And they that escape of you shall remember me among the nations whither they shall be carried captives, because I am broken with their whorish heart, which has departed from me, and with their eyes, which go a whoring after their idols: and they shall lothe themselves for the evils which they have committed in all their abominations.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'the prostitute'.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
וְזָכְר֨וּand you shall rememberconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · זָכַר (H2142)Particle or relational elementזָכַר (H2142) 'and you shall remember'.
פְלִֽיטֵיכֶ֜םthe fugitiveN c · פָּלִיט (H6412)Construct chain (genitival)פָּלִיט (H6412) 'the fugitive'.
אוֹתִ֗יmeobj marker + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'me'.
בַּגּוֹיִם֮among the nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'among the nations'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נִשְׁבּוּand you take captiveN · שָׁבָה (H7617)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁבָה (H7617) 'and you take captive'.
שָׁם֒thereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נִשְׁבַּ֜רְתִּיyou shall breakN · שָׁבַר (H7665)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁבַר (H7665) 'you shall break'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
לִבָּ֣םtheir heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'their heart'.
הַזּוֹנֶ֗הthe prostituteart + Qal ptc ms · זָנָה (H2181)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָנָה (H2181) 'the prostitute'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
סָר֙he turned asideQal perf 3ms · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסוּר (H5493) 'he turned aside'.
מֵֽעָלַ֔יfrom meprep + prep + sfx 1cs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from me'.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
עֵֽינֵיהֶ֔םtheir eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'their eyes'.
הַזֹּנ֕וֹתa prostituteart + Qal ptc fp · זָנָה (H2181)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorזָנָה (H2181) 'a prostitute'.
אַחֲרֵ֖יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
גִּלּֽוּלֵיהֶ֑םtheir idolsN c · גִּלּוּל (H1544)Construct chain (genitival)גִּלּוּל (H1544) 'their idols'.
וְנָקֹ֨טּוּ֙andconj וְ + Niphal q 3cp · קוּט (H6962)Particle or relational elementקוּט (H6962) 'and'.
בִּפְנֵיהֶ֔םbefore themprep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3mp · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before them'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הָֽרָעוֹת֙the evilsart + N com f pl abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evils'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשׂ֔וּthey didQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
לְכֹ֖לto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
תּוֹעֲבֹתֵיהֶֽםan abomination ofN c · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination of'.
10

וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה לֹ֤א אֶל חִנָּם֙ דִּבַּ֔רְתִּי לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָהֶ֖ם הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת

And they shall know that I YHWH, I have not said in vain that I would do this evil to them.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I spoke'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְיָדְע֖וּand they shall knowconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Particle or relational elementיָדַע (H3045) 'and they shall know'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲנִ֣יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לֹ֤אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
חִנָּם֙for nothingart · חִנָּם (H2600)Particle or relational elementחִנָּם (H2600) 'for nothing'.
דִּבַּ֔רְתִּיI spokePiel perf 1cs · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'I spoke'.
לַעֲשׂ֥וֹתto doprep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'.
לָהֶ֖םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
הָרָעָ֥הthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
הַזֹּֽאתthisart + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
11

כֹּֽה אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה הַכֵּ֨ה בְכַפְּךָ֜ וּרְקַ֤ע בְּרַגְלְךָ֙ וֶֽאֱמָר אָ֔ח אֶ֛ל כָּל תּוֹעֲב֥וֹת רָע֖וֹת בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁ֗ר בַּחֶ֛רֶב בָּרָעָ֥ב וּבַדֶּ֖בֶר יִפֹּֽלוּ

Thus says YHWH YHWH; Smite with your hand, and stamp with your foot, and say, Alas for all the evil abominations of the house of Israel! for they shall fall by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
כֹּֽהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֞רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
אֲדֹנָ֣יmy LordN c · אֲדֹנָי (H136)Construct chain (genitival)אֲדֹנָי (H136) 'my Lord'.
יְהוִ֗הYHWHN · יְהוִה (H3069)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוִה (H3069) 'YHWH'.
הַכֵּ֨הstruckHiphil impv 2ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeהִכָּה (H5221) 'struck'.
בְכַפְּךָ֜a pan ofprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
וּרְקַ֤עand they hammered outconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · רָקַע (H7554)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeרָקַע (H7554) 'and they hammered out'.
בְּרַגְלְךָ֙with your footprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 2ms · רֶגֶל (H7272)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'with your foot'.
וֶֽאֱמָרand I saidconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָמַר (H559) 'and I said'.
אָ֔חahparticle · אָח (H253)Particle or relational elementאָח (H253) 'ah'.
אֶ֛לtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
תּוֹעֲב֥וֹתan abomination ofN c · תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441)Construct chain (genitival)תּוֹעֵבָה (H8441) 'an abomination of'.
רָע֖וֹתevilsAdj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'evils'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אֲשֶׁ֗רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בַּחֶ֛רֶבwith the swordprep + art + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'with the sword'.
בָּרָעָ֥בin hungerprep + art + N com m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָעָב (H7458) 'in hunger'.
וּבַדֶּ֖בֶרa pestilenceconj וְ + prep + art + N com m sg abs · דֶּבֶר (H1698)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּבֶר (H1698) 'a pestilence'.
יִפֹּֽלוּshall fallQal impf 3mp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָפַל (H5307) 'shall fall'.
12

הָרָח֞וֹק בַּדֶּ֣בֶר יָמ֗וּת וְהַקָּרוֹב֙ בַּחֶ֣רֶב יִפּ֔וֹל וְהַנִּשְׁאָר֙ וְהַנָּצ֔וּר בָּרָעָ֖ב יָמ֑וּת וְכִלֵּיתִ֥י חֲמָתִ֖י בָּֽם

He that is far off shall die of the pestilence; and he that is near shall fall by the sword; and he that remaineth and is besieged shall die by the famine: thus will I accomplish my fury upon them.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he die'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
הָרָח֞וֹקfrom far awayart + Adj · רָחוֹק (H7350)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָחוֹק (H7350) 'from far away'.
בַּדֶּ֣בֶרwith pestilenceprep + art + N com m sg abs · דֶּבֶר (H1698)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דֶּבֶר (H1698) 'with pestilence'.
יָמ֗וּתhe dieQal impf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'he die'.
וְהַקָּרוֹב֙nearconj וְ + art + Adj · קָרוֹב (H7138)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָרוֹב (H7138) 'near'.
בַּחֶ֣רֶבwith the swordprep + art + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'with the sword'.
יִפּ֔וֹלand he fellQal impf 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
וְהַנִּשְׁאָר֙and the remainderconj וְ + art + Niphal ptc ms · שָׁאַר (H7604)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁאַר (H7604) 'and the remainder'.
וְהַנָּצ֔וּרhe guarded himconj וְ + art + Qal ptc ms · נָצַר (H5341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָצַר (H5341) 'he guarded him'.
בָּרָעָ֖בin hungerprep + art + N com m sg abs · רָעָב (H7458)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָעָב (H7458) 'in hunger'.
יָמ֑וּתhe dieQal impf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'he die'.
וְכִלֵּיתִ֥יand he finishedconj וְ + Piel q 1cs · כָּלָה (H3615)Particle or relational elementכָּלָה (H3615) 'and he finished'.
חֲמָתִ֖יmy wrathN c · חֵמָה (H2534)Construct chain (genitival)חֵמָה (H2534) 'my wrath'.
בָּֽםagainst themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against them'.
13

וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙ כִּֽי אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בִּֽהְי֣וֹת חַלְלֵיהֶ֗ם בְּתוֹךְ֙ גִּלּ֣וּלֵיהֶ֔ם סְבִיב֖וֹת מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם אֶל֩ כָּל גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה בְּכֹ֣ל רָאשֵׁ֣י הֶהָרִ֗ים וְתַ֨חַת כָּל עֵ֤ץ רַֽעֲנָן֙ וְתַ֨חַת֙ כָּל אֵלָ֣ה עֲבֻתָּ֔ה מְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתְנוּ שָׁם֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ לְכֹ֖ל גִּלּוּלֵיהֶֽם

Then shall you know that I YHWH, when their slain shall be among their idols round about their altars, upon every high hill, in all the tops of the mountains, and under every green tree, and under every thick oak, the place where they did offer sweet savour to all their idols.

Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complementwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'when there was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
וִֽידַעְתֶּם֙and you shall knowconj וְ + Qal q 2mp · יָדַע (H3045)Particle or relational elementיָדַע (H3045) 'and you shall know'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲנִ֣יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בִּֽהְי֣וֹתwhen there wasprep + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'when there was'.
חַלְלֵיהֶ֗םtheir slainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'their slain'.
בְּתוֹךְ֙in the midst ofprep + N com m sg constr · תָּוֶךְ (H8432)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּוֶךְ (H8432) 'in the midst of'.
גִּלּ֣וּלֵיהֶ֔םtheir idolsN c · גִּלּוּל (H1544)Construct chain (genitival)גִּלּוּל (H1544) 'their idols'.
סְבִיב֖וֹתaroundN c · סָבִיב (H5439)Construct chain (genitival)סָבִיב (H5439) 'around'.
מִזְבְּחֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑םtheir altarsN c · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Construct chain (genitival)מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'their altars'.
אֶל֩toprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
גִּבְעָ֨הthe hills ofN c · גִּבְעָה (H1389)Construct chain (genitival)גִּבְעָה (H1389) 'the hills of'.
רָמָ֜הis triumphantQal ptc fs · רוּם (H7311)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּם (H7311) 'is triumphant'.
בְּכֹ֣לin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
רָאשֵׁ֣יthe heads ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the heads of'.
הֶהָרִ֗יםthe mountainsart + N com m pl abs · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'the mountains'.
וְתַ֨חַתand underconj וְ + prep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'and under'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
עֵ֤ץwoodN c · עֵץ (H6086)Construct chain (genitival)עֵץ (H6086) 'wood'.
רַֽעֲנָן֙green/luxuriantAdj · רַעֲנָן (H7488)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַעֲנָן (H7488) 'green/luxuriant'.
וְתַ֨חַת֙and underconj וְ + prep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'and under'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֵלָ֣הthe terebinthN c · אֵלָה (H424)Construct chain (genitival)אֵלָה (H424) 'the terebinth'.
עֲבֻתָּ֔הleafy/thickAdj · עָבֹת (H5687)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָבֹת (H5687) 'leafy/thick'.
מְק֗וֹםa placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'a place'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נָֽתְנוּthey gaveQal perf 3cp · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'they gave'.
שָׁם֙thereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
רֵ֣יחַan aroma ofN c · רֵיחַ (H7381)Construct chain (genitival)רֵיחַ (H7381) 'an aroma of'.
נִיחֹ֔חַsoothingN c · נִיחוֹחַ (H5207)Construct chain (genitival)נִיחוֹחַ (H5207) 'soothing'.
לְכֹ֖לto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
גִּלּוּלֵיהֶֽםtheir idolsN c · גִּלּוּל (H1544)Construct chain (genitival)גִּלּוּל (H1544) 'their idols'.
14

וְנָטִ֤יתִי אֶת יָדִי֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֨י אֶת הָאָ֜רֶץ שְׁמָמָ֤ה וּמְשַׁמָּה֙ מִמִּדְבַּ֣ר דִּבְלָ֔תָה בְּכֹ֖ל מוֹשְׁבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑ם וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה

So will I stretch out my hand upon them, and make the land desolate, yea, more desolate than the wilderness toward Diblath, in all their habitations: and they shall know that I YHWH.

Linked non-verbal clausewə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Linked non-verbal clause. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְנָטִ֤יתִיstretch outconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · נָטָה (H5186)Particle or relational elementנָטָה (H5186) 'stretch out'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יָדִי֙my handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
עֲלֵיהֶ֔םupon themprep + sfx 3mp · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon them'.
וְנָתַתִּ֨יand I will giveconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'and I will give'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָאָ֜רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
שְׁמָמָ֤הa desolationN c · שְׁמָמָה (H8077)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁמָמָה (H8077) 'a desolation'.
וּמְשַׁמָּה֙astonishmentconj וְ + N com f sg abs · מְשַׁמָּה (H4923)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְשַׁמָּה (H4923) 'astonishment'.
מִמִּדְבַּ֣רfrom the wilderness ofprep + N com m sg constr · מִדְבָּר (H4057)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִדְבָּר (H4057) 'from the wilderness of'.
דִּבְלָ֔תָהDiblathN · דִּבְלָה (H1689)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דִּבְלָה (H1689) 'Diblath'.
בְּכֹ֖לin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
מוֹשְׁבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑םyour dwellingsN c · מוֹשָׁב (H4186)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹשָׁב (H4186) 'your dwellings'.
וְיָדְע֖וּand they shall knowconj וְ + Qal q 3cp · יָדַע (H3045)Particle or relational elementיָדַע (H3045) 'and they shall know'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲנִ֥יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.