1
וַיָּבֹ֤א הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙ וְהָמָ֔ן לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת עִם אֶסְתֵּ֥ר הַמַּלְכָּֽה
So the king and Haman came to banquet with Esther the queen.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he came'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיָּבֹ֤אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ֙the kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וְהָמָ֔ןandconj וְ + N proper · הָמָן (H2001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמָן (H2001) 'and'.
לִשְׁתּ֖וֹתto drinkprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁתָה (H8354)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁתָה (H8354) 'to drink'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
אֶסְתֵּ֥רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
הַמַּלְכָּֽהqueenart + N com f sg abs · מַלְכָּה (H4436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכָּה (H4436) 'queen'.
2
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ לְאֶסְתֵּ֜ר גַּ֣ם בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשֵּׁנִי֙ בְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַיַּ֔יִן מַה שְּׁאֵלָתֵ֛ךְ אֶסְתֵּ֥ר הַמַּלְכָּ֖ה וְתִנָּ֣תֵֽן לָ֑ךְ וּמַה בַּקָּשָׁתֵ֛ךְ עַד חֲצִ֥י הַמַּלְכ֖וּת וְתֵעָֽשׂ
And the king said again to Esther on the second day at the banquet of wine, What your petition, queen Esther? and it shall be granted you: and what your request? and it shall be performed, to the half of the kingdom.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֹּאמֶר֩and he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֨לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
לְאֶסְתֵּ֜רtoprep + N proper · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'to'.
גַּ֣םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
בַּיּ֤וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַשֵּׁנִי֙the secondart + Adj · שֵׁנִי (H8145)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁנִי (H8145) 'the second'.
בְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣הa feastprep + N com m sg constr · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'a feast'.
הַיַּ֔יִןthe wineart + N com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'the wine'.
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
שְּׁאֵלָתֵ֛ךְrequestN c · שְׁאֵלָה (H7596)Construct chain (genitival)שְׁאֵלָה (H7596) 'request'.
אֶסְתֵּ֥רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
הַמַּלְכָּ֖הqueenart + N com f sg abs · מַלְכָּה (H4436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכָּה (H4436) 'queen'.
וְתִנָּ֣תֵֽןis givingconj וְ + Niphal impf 3fs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
לָ֑ךְto youprep + sfx 2fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
וּמַהand whatconj וְ + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'and what'.
בַּקָּשָׁתֵ֛ךְrequestN c · בַּקָּשָׁה (H1246)Construct chain (genitival)בַּקָּשָׁה (H1246) 'request'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
חֲצִ֥יhalf ofN c · חֲצִי (H2677)Construct chain (genitival)חֲצִי (H2677) 'half of'.
הַמַּלְכ֖וּתhis kingdomart + N com f sg abs · מַלְכוּת (H4438)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכוּת (H4438) 'his kingdom'.
וְתֵעָֽשׂand she madeconj וְ + Niphal jussive 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and she made'.
3
וַתַּ֨עַן אֶסְתֵּ֤ר הַמַּלְכָּה֙ וַתֹּאמַ֔ר אִם מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאִם עַל הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ ט֑וֹב תִּנָּֽתֶן לִ֤י נַפְשִׁי֙ בִּשְׁאֵ֣לָתִ֔י וְעַמִּ֖י בְּבַקָּשָׁתִֽי
Then Esther the queen answered and said, If I have found favour in your sight, O king, and if it please the king, let my life be given me at my petition, and my people at my request:
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'And answered'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַתַּ֨עַןAnd answeredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָנָה (H6030) 'And answered'.
אֶסְתֵּ֤רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
הַמַּלְכָּה֙queenart + N com f sg abs · מַלְכָּה (H4436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכָּה (H4436) 'queen'.
וַתֹּאמַ֔רand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and she said'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
מָצָ֨אתִיI have foundQal perf 1cs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָצָא (H4672) 'I have found'.
חֵ֤ןfavorN c · חֵן (H2580)Construct chain (genitival)חֵן (H2580) 'favor'.
בְּעֵינֶ֨יךָ֙in your eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 2ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in your eyes'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וְאִםand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
ט֑וֹבit is wellAdj · טוֹב (H2895)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2895) 'it is well'.
תִּנָּֽתֶןis givingN · נָתַן (H5414)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
לִ֤יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
נַפְשִׁי֙my soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'my soul'.
בִּשְׁאֵ֣לָתִ֔יrequestprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · שְׁאֵלָה (H7596)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאֵלָה (H7596) 'request'.
וְעַמִּ֖יand my peopleconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'and my people'.
בְּבַקָּשָׁתִֽיinprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · בַּקָּשָׁה (H1246)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּקָּשָׁה (H1246) 'in'.
4
כִּ֤י נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙ אֲנִ֣י וְעַמִּ֔י לְהַשְׁמִ֖יד לַהֲר֣וֹג וּלְאַבֵּ֑ד וְ֠אִלּוּ לַעֲבָדִ֨ים וְלִשְׁפָח֤וֹת נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙ הֶחֱרַ֔שְׁתִּי כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין הַצָּ֛ר שֹׁוֶ֖ה בְּנֵ֥זֶק הַמֶּֽלֶךְ
For we are sold, I and my people, to be destroyed, to be slain, and to perish. But if we had been sold for bondmen and bondwomen, I had held my tongue, although the enemy could not countervail the king's damage.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to destroy'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙and he sold themN · מָכַר (H4376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָכַר (H4376) 'and he sold them'.
אֲנִ֣יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
וְעַמִּ֔יand my peopleconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'and my people'.
לְהַשְׁמִ֖ידto destroyprep + Hiphil inf constr · שָׁמַד (H8045)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַד (H8045) 'to destroy'.
לַהֲר֣וֹגthey killedprep + Qal inf constr · הָרַג (H2026)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָרַג (H2026) 'they killed'.
וּלְאַבֵּ֑דyour perishingconj וְ + prep + Piel inf constr · אָבַד (H6)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
וְ֠אִלּוּandconj וְ + conj וְ · אִלּוּ (H432)Particle or relational elementאִלּוּ (H432) 'and'.
לַעֲבָדִ֨יםas slavesprep + N com m pl abs · עֶבֶד (H5650)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'as slaves'.
וְלִשְׁפָח֤וֹתand female slavesconj וְ + prep + N com f pl abs · שִׁפְחָה (H8198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁפְחָה (H8198) 'and female slaves'.
נִמְכַּ֨רְנוּ֙and he sold themN · מָכַר (H4376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָכַר (H4376) 'and he sold them'.
הֶחֱרַ֔שְׁתִּיand is silentHiphil perf 1cs · חָרַשׁ (H2790)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרַשׁ (H2790) 'and is silent'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
הַצָּ֛רthe adversaryart + N com m sg abs · צַר (H6862)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַר (H6862) 'the adversary'.
שֹׁוֶ֖הavailQal ptc ms · שָׁוָה (H7737)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁוָה (H7737) 'avail'.
בְּנֵ֥זֶקinprep + N com m sg constr · נֵזֶק (H5143)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֵזֶק (H5143) 'in'.
הַמֶּֽלֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
5
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר לְאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֑ה מִ֣י ה֥וּא זֶה֙ וְאֵֽי זֶ֣ה ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁר מְלָא֥וֹ לִבּ֖וֹ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת כֵּֽן
Then the king Ahasuerus answered and said to Esther the queen, Who is he, and where is he, that durst presume in his heart to do so?
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙and he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֣לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁAhasuerusN · אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (H325) 'Ahasuerus'.
וַיֹּ֖אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
לְאֶסְתֵּ֣רtoprep + N proper · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'to'.
הַמַּלְכָּ֑הqueenart + N com f sg abs · מַלְכָּה (H4436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכָּה (H4436) 'queen'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
ה֥וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
זֶה֙thisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וְאֵֽיwhereconj וְ + interrog. · אֵי (H335)Particle or relational elementאֵי (H335) 'where'.
זֶ֣הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
ה֔וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
מְלָא֥וֹthey have fully followedQal perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · מָלֵא (H4390)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָלֵא (H4390) 'they have fully followed'.
לִבּ֖וֹhis heartN c · לֵב (H3820)Construct chain (genitival)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
לַעֲשׂ֥וֹתto doprep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'.
כֵּֽןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
6
וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֶסְתֵּ֔ר אִ֚ישׁ צַ֣ר וְאוֹיֵ֔ב הָמָ֥ן הָרָ֖ע הַזֶּ֑ה וְהָמָ֣ן נִבְעַ֔ת מִלִּפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וְהַמַּלְכָּֽה
And Esther said, The adversary and enemy this wicked Haman. Then Haman was afraid before the king and the queen.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַתֹּ֣אמֶרand she saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and she said'.
אֶסְתֵּ֔רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
אִ֚ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
צַ֣רnarrowN c · צַר (H6862)Construct chain (genitival)צַר (H6862) 'narrow'.
וְאוֹיֵ֔בyour enemiesconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
הָמָ֥ןHamanN · הָמָן (H2001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמָן (H2001) 'Haman'.
הָרָ֖עthe evilart + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וְהָמָ֣ןandconj וְ + N proper · הָמָן (H2001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמָן (H2001) 'and'.
נִבְעַ֔תandN · בָּעַת (H1204)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּעַת (H1204) 'and'.
מִלִּפְנֵ֥יfrom beforeprep + prep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'from before'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וְהַמַּלְכָּֽהqueenconj וְ + art + N com f sg abs · מַלְכָּה (H4436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכָּה (H4436) 'queen'.
7
וְהַמֶּ֜לֶךְ קָ֤ם בַּחֲמָתוֹ֙ מִמִּשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַיַּ֔יִן אֶל גִּנַּ֖ת הַבִּיתָ֑ן וְהָמָ֣ן עָמַ֗ד לְבַקֵּ֤שׁ עַל נַפְשׁוֹ֙ מֵֽאֶסְתֵּ֣ר הַמַּלְכָּ֔ה כִּ֣י רָאָ֔ה כִּֽי כָלְתָ֥ה אֵלָ֛יו הָרָעָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ
And the king arising from the banquet of wine in his wrath into the palace garden: and Haman stood up to make request for his life to Esther the queen; for he saw that there was evil determined against him by the king.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'get up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וְהַמֶּ֜לֶךְking ofconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
קָ֤םget upQal perf 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקוּם (H6965) 'get up'.
בַּחֲמָתוֹ֙the venom ofprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · חֵמָה (H2534)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵמָה (H2534) 'the venom of'.
מִמִּשְׁתֵּ֣הa feastprep + N com m sg constr · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'a feast'.
הַיַּ֔יִןthe wineart + N com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'the wine'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
גִּנַּ֖תgardenN c · גִּנָּה (H1594)Construct chain (genitival)גִּנָּה (H1594) 'garden'.
הַבִּיתָ֑ןpalaceart + N com m sg abs · בִּיתָן (H1055)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּיתָן (H1055) 'palace'.
וְהָמָ֣ןandconj וְ + N proper · הָמָן (H2001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמָן (H2001) 'and'.
עָמַ֗דstandingQal perf 3ms · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָמַד (H5975) 'standing'.
לְבַקֵּ֤שׁseekingprep + Piel inf constr · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
נַפְשׁוֹ֙his soulN c · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Construct chain (genitival)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'his soul'.
מֵֽאֶסְתֵּ֣רfromprep + N proper · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'from'.
הַמַּלְכָּ֔הqueenart + N com f sg abs · מַלְכָּה (H4436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכָּה (H4436) 'queen'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
רָאָ֔הseeQal perf 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'see'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כָלְתָ֥הand he finishedQal perf 3fs · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכָּלָה (H3615) 'and he finished'.
אֵלָ֛יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
הָרָעָ֖הthe evilart + N com f sg abs · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
מֵאֵ֥תfromprep + prep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'from'.
הַמֶּֽלֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
8
וְהַמֶּ֡לֶךְ שָׁב֩ מִגִּנַּ֨ת הַבִּיתָ֜ן אֶל בֵּ֣ית מִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַיַּ֗יִן וְהָמָן֙ נֹפֵ֔ל עַל הַמִּטָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶסְתֵּ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הֲ֠גַם לִכְבּ֧וֹשׁ אֶת הַמַּלְכָּ֛ה עִמִּ֖י בַּבָּ֑יִת הַדָּבָ֗ר יָצָא֙ מִפִּ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וּפְנֵ֥י הָמָ֖ן חָפֽוּ
Then the king returned out of the palace garden into the place of the banquet of wine; and Haman was fallen upon the bed whereon Esther . Then said the king, Will he force the queen also before me in the house? As the word went out of the king's mouth, they covered Haman's face.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'return!'.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
וְהַמֶּ֡לֶךְking ofconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
שָׁב֩return!Qal perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'return!'.
מִגִּנַּ֨תgardenprep + N com f sg constr · גִּנָּה (H1594)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּנָּה (H1594) 'garden'.
הַבִּיתָ֜ןpalaceart + N com m sg abs · בִּיתָן (H1055)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בִּיתָן (H1055) 'palace'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
מִשְׁתֵּ֣הa feastN c · מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁתֶּה (H4960) 'a feast'.
הַיַּ֗יִןthe wineart + N com m sg abs · יַיִן (H3196)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יַיִן (H3196) 'the wine'.
וְהָמָן֙andconj וְ + N proper · הָמָן (H2001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמָן (H2001) 'and'.
נֹפֵ֔לfallenQal ptc ms · נָפַל (H5307)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָפַל (H5307) 'fallen'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַמִּטָּה֙the bedart + N com f sg abs · מִטָּה (H4296)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִטָּה (H4296) 'the bed'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
אֶסְתֵּ֣רEstherN · אֶסְתֵּר (H635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶסְתֵּר (H635) 'Esther'.
עָלֶ֔יהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
הֲ֠גַםindeed even hereinterrog. + art · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'indeed even here'.
לִכְבּ֧וֹשׁand is subduedprep + Qal inf constr · כָּבַשׁ (H3533)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכָּבַשׁ (H3533) 'and is subdued'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַמַּלְכָּ֛הqueenart + N com f sg abs · מַלְכָּה (H4436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכָּה (H4436) 'queen'.
עִמִּ֖יwith meprep + sfx 1cs · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with me'.
בַּבָּ֑יִתin the houseprep + art + N com m sg abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'in the house'.
הַדָּבָ֗רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
יָצָא֙one going out (to)Qal perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'one going out (to)'.
מִפִּ֣יfrom the mouth ofprep + N com m sg constr · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'from the mouth of'.
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
וּפְנֵ֥יbut my faceconj וְ + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'but my face'.
הָמָ֖ןHamanN · הָמָן (H2001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמָן (H2001) 'Haman'.
חָפֽוּceilQal perf 3cp · חָפָה (H2645)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָפָה (H2645) 'ceil'.
9
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חַ֠רְבוֹנָה אֶחָ֨ד מִן הַסָּרִיסִ֜ים לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ גַּ֣ם הִנֵּה הָעֵ֣ץ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂ֪ה הָמָ֟ן לְֽמָרְדֳּכַ֞י אֲשֶׁ֧ר דִּבֶּר ט֣וֹב עַל הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֹמֵד֙ בְּבֵ֣ית הָמָ֔ן גָּבֹ֖הַּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים אַמָּ֑ה וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ תְּלֻ֥הוּ עָלָֽיו
And Harbonah, one of the chamberlains, said before the king, Behold also, the gallows fifty cubits high, which Haman had made for Mordecai, who had spoken good for the king, standeth in the house of Haman. Then the king said, Hang him thereon.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
חַ֠רְבוֹנָהHarbonaN · חַרְבוֹנָא (H2726)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַרְבוֹנָא (H2726) 'Harbona'.
אֶחָ֨דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הַסָּרִיסִ֜יםofficer / official ofart + N com m pl abs · סָרִיס (H5631)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סָרִיס (H5631) 'officer / official of'.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
גַּ֣םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
הִנֵּהbeholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
הָעֵ֣ץthe treeart + N com m sg abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'the tree'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשָׂ֪הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
הָמָ֟ןHamanN · הָמָן (H2001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמָן (H2001) 'Haman'.
לְֽמָרְדֳּכַ֞יtoprep + N proper · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'to'.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
דִּבֶּרspeakPiel perf 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'speak'.
ט֣וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַמֶּ֗לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
עֹמֵד֙standingQal ptc ms · עָמַד (H5975)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָמַד (H5975) 'standing'.
בְּבֵ֣יתin the houseprep + N com m sg constr · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'in the house'.
הָמָ֔ןHamanN · הָמָן (H2001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמָן (H2001) 'Haman'.
גָּבֹ֖הַּhighAdj · גָּבֹהַ (H1364)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּבֹהַ (H1364) 'high'.
חֲמִשִּׁ֣יםfiftyAdj · חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֲמִשִּׁים (H2572) 'fifty'.
אַמָּ֑הcubitsN c · אַמָּה (H520)Construct chain (genitival)אַמָּה (H520) 'cubits'.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
תְּלֻ֥הוּhe hangedQal impv 2mp + sfx 3ms · תָּלָה (H8518)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeתָּלָה (H8518) 'he hanged'.
עָלָֽיוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
10
וַיִּתְלוּ֙ אֶת הָמָ֔ן עַל הָעֵ֖ץ אֲשֶׁר הֵכִ֣ין לְמָרְדֳּכָ֑י וַחֲמַ֥ת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ שָׁכָֽכָה
So they hanged Haman on the gallows that he had prepared for Mordecai. Then was the king's wrath pacified.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'he hanged'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיִּתְלוּ֙he hangedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · תָּלָה (H8518)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceתָּלָה (H8518) 'he hanged'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָמָ֔ןHamanN · הָמָן (H2001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הָמָן (H2001) 'Haman'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הָעֵ֖ץthe treeart + N com m sg abs · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'the tree'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
הֵכִ֣יןfirmly setHiphil perf 3ms · כּוּן (H3559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actכּוּן (H3559) 'firmly set'.
לְמָרְדֳּכָ֑יtoprep + N proper · מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מׇרְדְּכַי (H4782) 'to'.
וַחֲמַ֥תthe venom ofconj וְ + N com f sg constr · חֵמָה (H2534)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵמָה (H2534) 'the venom of'.
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְthe kingart + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the king'.
שָׁכָֽכָהand subsidedQal perf 3fs · שָׁכַךְ (H7918)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁכַךְ (H7918) 'and subsided'.