1
לַכֹּ֖ל זְמָ֑ן וְעֵ֥ת לְכָל חֵ֖פֶץ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם
To every a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven:
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Nominal or particle frame. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
לַכֹּ֖לto allprep + art + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
זְמָ֑ןseasonN c · זְמָן (H2165)Construct chain (genitival)זְמָן (H2165) 'season'.
וְעֵ֥תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לְכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
חֵ֖פֶץacceptableN c · חֵפֶץ (H2656)Construct chain (genitival)חֵפֶץ (H2656) 'acceptable'.
תַּ֥חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַשָּׁמָֽיִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
2
עֵ֥ת לָלֶ֖דֶת וְעֵ֣ת לָמ֑וּת עֵ֣ת לָטַ֔עַת וְעֵ֖ת לַעֲק֥וֹר נָטֽוּעַ
A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up planted;
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to give birth'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עֵ֥תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לָלֶ֖דֶתto give birthprep + Qal inf constr · יָלַד (H3205)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָלַד (H3205) 'to give birth'.
וְעֵ֣תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לָמ֑וּתto dieprep + Qal inf constr · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementמוּת (H4191) 'to die'.
עֵ֣תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לָטַ֔עַתyou will plantprep + Qal inf constr · נָטַע (H5193)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָטַע (H5193) 'you will plant'.
וְעֵ֖תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לַעֲק֥וֹרthey hamstrungprep + Qal inf constr · עָקַר (H6131)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָקַר (H6131) 'they hamstrung'.
נָטֽוּעַyou will plantQal ptc ms · נָטַע (H5193)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָטַע (H5193) 'you will plant'.
3
עֵ֤ת לַהֲרוֹג֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִרְפּ֔וֹא עֵ֥ת לִפְר֖וֹץ וְעֵ֥ת לִבְנֽוֹת
A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up;
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'they killed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עֵ֤תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לַהֲרוֹג֙they killedprep + Qal inf constr · הָרַג (H2026)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָרַג (H2026) 'they killed'.
וְעֵ֣תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לִרְפּ֔וֹאto be healedprep + Qal inf constr · רָפָא (H7495)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָפָא (H7495) 'to be healed'.
עֵ֥תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לִפְר֖וֹץhe break outprep + Qal inf constr · פָּרַץ (H6555)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementפָּרַץ (H6555) 'he break out'.
וְעֵ֥תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לִבְנֽוֹתto buildprep + Qal inf constr · בָּנָה (H1129)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּנָה (H1129) 'to build'.
4
עֵ֤ת לִבְכּוֹת֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִשְׂח֔וֹק עֵ֥ת סְפ֖וֹד וְעֵ֥ת רְקֽוֹד
A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance;
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to weep'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עֵ֤תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לִבְכּוֹת֙to weepprep + Qal inf constr · בָּכָה (H1058)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּכָה (H1058) 'to weep'.
וְעֵ֣תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לִשְׂח֔וֹקandprep + Qal inf constr · שָׂחַק (H7832)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׂחַק (H7832) 'and'.
עֵ֥תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
סְפ֖וֹדand they lamentedQal inf constr · סָפַד (H5594)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementסָפַד (H5594) 'and they lamented'.
וְעֵ֥תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
רְקֽוֹדdanceQal inf constr · רָקַד (H7540)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָקַד (H7540) 'dance'.
5
עֵ֚ת לְהַשְׁלִ֣יךְ אֲבָנִ֔ים וְעֵ֖ת כְּנ֣וֹס אֲבָנִ֑ים עֵ֣ת לַחֲב֔וֹק וְעֵ֖ת לִרְחֹ֥ק מֵחַבֵּֽק
A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing;
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he threw [it]'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
עֵ֚תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לְהַשְׁלִ֣יךְand he threw [it]prep + Hiphil inf constr · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁלַךְ (H7993) 'and he threw [it]'.
אֲבָנִ֔יםstonesN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'stones'.
וְעֵ֖תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
כְּנ֣וֹסas / likeQal inf constr · כָּנַס (H3664)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכָּנַס (H3664) 'as / like'.
אֲבָנִ֑יםstonesN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'stones'.
עֵ֣תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לַחֲב֔וֹקand embracedprep + Qal inf constr · חָבַק (H2263)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָבַק (H2263) 'and embraced'.
וְעֵ֖תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לִרְחֹ֥קfar offprep + Qal inf constr · רָחַק (H7368)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָחַק (H7368) 'far off'.
מֵחַבֵּֽקand embracedprep + Piel inf constr · חָבַק (H2263)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָבַק (H2263) 'and embraced'.
6
עֵ֤ת לְבַקֵּשׁ֙ וְעֵ֣ת לְאַבֵּ֔ד עֵ֥ת לִשְׁמ֖וֹר וְעֵ֥ת לְהַשְׁלִֽיךְ
A time to get, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away;
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'seeking'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עֵ֤תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לְבַקֵּשׁ֙seekingprep + Piel inf constr · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'seeking'.
וְעֵ֣תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לְאַבֵּ֔דyour perishingprep + Piel inf constr · אָבַד (H6)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָבַד (H6) 'your perishing'.
עֵ֥תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לִשְׁמ֖וֹרand you shall keepprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַר (H8104)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
וְעֵ֥תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לְהַשְׁלִֽיךְand he threw [it]prep + Hiphil inf constr · שָׁלַךְ (H7993)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁלַךְ (H7993) 'and he threw [it]'.
7
עֵ֤ת לִקְר֨וֹעַ֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִתְפּ֔וֹר עֵ֥ת לַחֲשׁ֖וֹת וְעֵ֥ת לְדַבֵּֽר
A time to rend, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak;
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'and he tore'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עֵ֤תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לִקְר֨וֹעַ֙and he toreprep + Qal inf constr · קָרַע (H7167)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקָרַע (H7167) 'and he tore'.
וְעֵ֣תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לִתְפּ֔וֹרand they sewedprep + Qal inf constr · תָּפַר (H8609)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementתָּפַר (H8609) 'and they sewed'.
עֵ֥תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לַחֲשׁ֖וֹתkeeping silentprep + Qal inf constr · חָשָׁה (H2814)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementחָשָׁה (H2814) 'keeping silent'.
וְעֵ֥תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לְדַבֵּֽרto speakprep + Piel inf constr · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'to speak'.
8
עֵ֤ת לֶֽאֱהֹב֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִשְׂנֹ֔א עֵ֥ת מִלְחָמָ֖ה וְעֵ֥ת שָׁלֽוֹם
A time to love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a time of peace.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive construct — purpose, result, or complement. Lead predicate is 'to love'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
עֵ֤תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לֶֽאֱהֹב֙to loveprep + Qal inf constr · אָהַב (H157)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementאָהַב (H157) 'to love'.
וְעֵ֣תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg abs · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
לִשְׂנֹ֔אhatingprep + Qal inf constr · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
עֵ֥תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
מִלְחָמָ֖הwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
וְעֵ֥תat the timeconj וְ + N com c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time'.
שָׁלֽוֹםpeaceN c · שָׁלוֹם (H7965)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁלוֹם (H7965) 'peace'.
9
מַה יִּתְרוֹן֙ הָֽעוֹשֶׂ֔ה בַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר ה֥וּא עָמֵֽל
What profit has he that worketh in that wherein he laboureth?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'he did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
יִּתְרוֹן֙betterN c · יִתְרוֹן (H3504)Construct chain (genitival)יִתְרוֹן (H3504) 'better'.
הָֽעוֹשֶׂ֔הhe didart + Qal ptc ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
בַּאֲשֶׁ֖רwhereprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'where'.
ה֥וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
עָמֵֽלworkmenAdj · עָמֵל (H6001)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָמֵל (H6001) 'workmen'.
10
רָאִ֣יתִי אֶת הָֽעִנְיָ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן אֱלֹהִ֛ים לִבְנֵ֥י הָאָדָ֖ם לַעֲנ֥וֹת בּֽוֹ
I have seen the travail, which God has given to the sons of men to be exercised in it.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
רָאִ֣יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָֽעִנְיָ֗ןbusinessart + N com m sg abs · עִנְיָן (H6045)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִנְיָן (H6045) 'business'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
נָתַ֧ןis givingQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
אֱלֹהִ֛יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
לִבְנֵ֥יof the sons ofprep + N com m pl constr · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'of the sons of'.
הָאָדָ֖םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
לַעֲנ֥וֹתand you shall afflictprep + Qal inf constr · עָנָה (H6031)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָנָה (H6031) 'and you shall afflict'.
בּֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
11
אֶת הַכֹּ֥ל עָשָׂ֖ה יָפֶ֣ה בְעִתּ֑וֹ גַּ֤ם אֶת הָעֹלָם֙ נָתַ֣ן בְּלִבָּ֔ם מִבְּלִ֞י אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹא יִמְצָ֣א הָאָדָ֗ם אֶת הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֛ה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים מֵרֹ֥אשׁ וְעַד סֽוֹף
He has made every beautiful in his time: also he has set the world in their heart, so that no man can find out the work that God maketh from the beginning to the end.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he did'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַכֹּ֥לeverythingart + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'everything'.
עָשָׂ֖הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
יָפֶ֣הbeautifulAdj · יָפֶה (H3303)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָפֶה (H3303) 'beautiful'.
בְעִתּ֑וֹin its seasonprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'in its season'.
גַּ֤םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָעֹלָם֙perpetuityart + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
נָתַ֣ןis givingQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
בְּלִבָּ֔םhis heartprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3mp · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
מִבְּלִ֞יbecause there is nothingprep + N com m sg constr · בְּלִי (H1097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּלִי (H1097) 'because there is nothing'.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יִמְצָ֣אis foundQal impf 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָצָא (H4672) 'is found'.
הָאָדָ֗םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֛הthe workart + N com m sg abs · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשָׂ֥הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
הָאֱלֹהִ֖יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
מֵרֹ֥אשׁfrom the top ofprep + N com m sg abs · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'from the top of'.
וְעַדand toconj וְ + prep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'and to'.
סֽוֹףandN c · סוֹף (H5490)Construct chain (genitival)סוֹף (H5490) 'and'.
12
יָדַ֕עְתִּי כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין ט֖וֹב בָּ֑ם כִּ֣י אִם לִשְׂמ֔וֹחַ וְלַעֲשׂ֥וֹת ט֖וֹב בְּחַיָּֽיו
I know that no good in them, but for to rejoice, and to do good in his life.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
יָדַ֕עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
כִּ֛יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
ט֖וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
בָּ֑םagainst themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against them'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
לִשְׂמ֔וֹחַand you shall rejoiceprep + Qal inf constr · שָׂמַח (H8055)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
וְלַעֲשׂ֥וֹתand to doconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and to do'.
ט֖וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
בְּחַיָּֽיוlivingprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'living'.
13
וְגַ֤ם כָּל הָאָדָם֙ שֶׁיֹּאכַ֣ל וְשָׁתָ֔ה וְרָאָ֥ה ט֖וֹב בְּכָל עֲמָל֑וֹ מַתַּ֥ת אֱלֹהִ֖ים הִֽיא
And also that every man should eat and drink, and enjoy the good of all his labour, it the gift of God.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall eat'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְגַ֤םand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָאָדָם֙the humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
שֶׁיֹּאכַ֣לyou shall eatrel. שֶׁ + Qal impf 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
וְשָׁתָ֔הand ... will drinkconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · שָׁתָה (H8354)Particle or relational elementשָׁתָה (H8354) 'and ... will drink'.
וְרָאָ֥הshall examineconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Particle or relational elementרָאָה (H7200) 'shall examine'.
ט֖וֹבgoodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
בְּכָלin allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'in all'.
עֲמָל֑וֹtroubleN c · עָמָל (H5999)Construct chain (genitival)עָמָל (H5999) 'trouble'.
מַתַּ֥תgiftN c · מַתָּת (H4991)Construct chain (genitival)מַתָּת (H4991) 'gift'.
אֱלֹהִ֖יםGodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
הִֽיאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
14
יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּ֠י כָּל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה הָאֱלֹהִים֙ ה֚וּא יִהְיֶ֣ה לְעוֹלָ֔ם עָלָיו֙ אֵ֣ין לְהוֹסִ֔יף וּמִמֶּ֖נּוּ אֵ֣ין לִגְרֹ֑עַ וְהָאֱלֹהִ֣ים עָשָׂ֔ה שֶׁיִּֽרְא֖וּ מִלְּפָנָֽיו
I know that, whatsoever God doeth, it shall be for ever: nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth , that should fear before him.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I know'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
יָדַ֗עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
כִּ֠יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יַעֲשֶׂ֤הhe shall doQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
הָאֱלֹהִים֙Godart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
ה֚וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
יִהְיֶ֣הshall beQal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'shall be'.
לְעוֹלָ֔םforeverprep + N com m sg abs · עוֹלָם (H5769)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'forever'.
עָלָיו֙on itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
לְהוֹסִ֔יףto increaseprep + Hiphil inf constr · יָסַף (H3254)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָסַף (H3254) 'to increase'.
וּמִמֶּ֖נּוּfromconj וְ + prep + sfx 3ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
אֵ֣יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
לִגְרֹ֑עַyou shall diminishprep + Qal inf constr · גָּרַע (H1639)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementגָּרַע (H1639) 'you shall diminish'.
וְהָאֱלֹהִ֣יםand Godconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'and God'.
עָשָׂ֔הhe didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
שֶׁיִּֽרְא֖וּfearrel. שֶׁ + Qal impf 3mp · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָרֵא (H3372) 'fear'.
מִלְּפָנָֽיוbeforeprep + prep + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'before'.
15
מַה שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ כְּבָ֣ר ה֔וּא וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר לִהְי֖וֹת כְּבָ֣ר הָיָ֑ה וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖ים יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת נִרְדָּֽף
That which has been is now; and that which is to be has already been; and God requireth that which is past.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
מַהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙and it happenedrel. שֶׁ + Qal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
כְּבָ֣רalreadyart · כְּבָר (H3528)Particle or relational elementכְּבָר (H3528) 'already'.
ה֔וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
וַאֲשֶׁ֥רand whoconj וְ + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and who'.
לִהְי֖וֹתto beprep + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'.
כְּבָ֣רalreadyart · כְּבָר (H3528)Particle or relational elementכְּבָר (H3528) 'already'.
הָיָ֑הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
וְהָאֱלֹהִ֖יםand Godconj וְ + art + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'and God'.
יְבַקֵּ֥שׁlet him requirePiel impf 3ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'let him require'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נִרְדָּֽףwe will pursueN · רָדַף (H7291)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָדַף (H7291) 'we will pursue'.
16
וְע֥וֹד רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ מְק֤וֹם הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ שָׁ֣מָּה הָרֶ֔שַׁע וּמְק֥וֹם הַצֶּ֖דֶק שָׁ֥מָּה הָרָֽשַׁע
And moreover I saw under the sun the place of judgment, wickedness there; and the place of righteousness, iniquity there.
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I have seen'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וְע֥וֹדand stillconj וְ + art · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'and still'.
רָאִ֖יתִיI have seenQal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'I have seen'.
תַּ֣חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
מְק֤וֹםa placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'a place'.
הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙the judgmentart + N com m sg abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'the judgment'.
שָׁ֣מָּהthereart + Sd · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
הָרֶ֔שַׁעtheir wickednessart + N com m sg abs · רֶשַׁע (H7562)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶשַׁע (H7562) 'their wickedness'.
וּמְק֥וֹםand a placeconj וְ + N com m sg constr · מָקוֹם (H4725)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'and a place'.
הַצֶּ֖דֶקjustart + N com m sg abs · צֶדֶק (H6664)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֶדֶק (H6664) 'just'.
שָׁ֥מָּהthereart + Sd · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
הָרָֽשַׁעtheir wickednessart + N com m sg abs · רֶשַׁע (H7562)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֶשַׁע (H7562) 'their wickedness'.
17
אָמַ֤רְתִּֽי אֲנִי֙ בְּלִבִּ֔י אֶת הַצַּדִּיק֙ וְאֶת הָ֣רָשָׁ֔ע יִשְׁפֹּ֖ט הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּי עֵ֣ת לְכָל חֵ֔פֶץ וְעַ֥ל כָּל הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה שָֽׁם
I said in mine heart, God shall judge the righteous and the wicked: for a time there for every purpose and for every work.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
אָמַ֤רְתִּֽיI saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'I said'.
אֲנִי֙Ipron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
בְּלִבִּ֔יhis heartprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַצַּדִּיק֙the righteous [one]art + Adj · צַדִּיק (H6662)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַדִּיק (H6662) 'the righteous [one]'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הָ֣רָשָׁ֔עthe wicked [one]art + Adj · רָשָׁע (H7563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רָשָׁע (H7563) 'the wicked [one]'.
יִשְׁפֹּ֖טmay he judgeQal impf 3ms · שָׁפַט (H8199)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפַט (H8199) 'may he judge'.
הָאֱלֹהִ֑יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עֵ֣תtimesN c · עֵת (H6256)Construct chain (genitival)עֵת (H6256) 'times'.
לְכָלto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
חֵ֔פֶץacceptableN c · חֵפֶץ (H2656)Construct chain (genitival)חֵפֶץ (H2656) 'acceptable'.
וְעַ֥לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖הthe workart + N com m sg abs · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work'.
שָֽׁםthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
18
אָמַ֤רְתִּֽי אֲנִי֙ בְּלִבִּ֔י עַל דִּבְרַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י הָאָדָ֔ם לְבָרָ֖ם הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְלִרְא֕וֹת שְׁהֶם בְּהֵמָ֥ה הֵ֖מָּה לָהֶֽם
I said in mine heart concerning the estate of the sons of men, that God might manifest them, and that they might see that they themselves are beasts.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'I said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
אָמַ֤רְתִּֽיI saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'I said'.
אֲנִי֙Ipron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
בְּלִבִּ֔יhis heartprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · לֵב (H3820)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לֵב (H3820) 'his heart'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
דִּבְרַת֙causeN c · דִּבְרָה (H1700)Construct chain (genitival)דִּבְרָה (H1700) 'cause'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
הָאָדָ֔םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
לְבָרָ֖םmake brightprep + Qal inf constr + sfx 3mp · בָּרַר (H1305)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּרַר (H1305) 'make bright'.
הָאֱלֹהִ֑יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
וְלִרְא֕וֹתand he sawconj וְ + prep + Qal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
שְׁהֶםtheyrel. שֶׁ + pron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
בְּהֵמָ֥הbeastN c · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Construct chain (genitival)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'beast'.
הֵ֖מָּהtheypron 3mp · הֵמָּה (H1992)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵמָּה (H1992) 'they'.
לָהֶֽםto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
19
כִּי֩ מִקְרֶ֨ה בְֽנֵי הָאָדָ֜ם וּמִקְרֶ֣ה הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וּמִקְרֶ֤ה אֶחָד֙ לָהֶ֔ם כְּמ֥וֹת זֶה֙ כֵּ֣ן מ֣וֹת זֶ֔ה וְר֥וּחַ אֶחָ֖ד לַכֹּ֑ל וּמוֹתַ֨ר הָאָדָ֤ם מִן הַבְּהֵמָה֙ אָ֔יִן כִּ֥י הַכֹּ֖ל הָֽבֶל
For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that a man has no preeminence above a beast: for all vanity.
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִקְרֶ֨הsomething befallenN c · מִקְרֶה (H4745)Construct chain (genitival)מִקְרֶה (H4745) 'something befallen'.
בְֽנֵיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
הָאָדָ֜םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
וּמִקְרֶ֣הsomething befallenconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מִקְרֶה (H4745)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִקְרֶה (H4745) 'something befallen'.
הַבְּהֵמָ֗הthe animalart + N com f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'the animal'.
וּמִקְרֶ֤הsomething befallenconj וְ + N com m sg abs · מִקְרֶה (H4745)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִקְרֶה (H4745) 'something befallen'.
אֶחָד֙oneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
לָהֶ֔םto themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to them'.
כְּמ֥וֹתlike the death ofprep + N com m sg constr · מָוֶת (H4194)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָוֶת (H4194) 'like the death of'.
זֶה֙thisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
כֵּ֣ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
מ֣וֹתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
זֶ֔הthisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וְר֥וּחַand the wind ofconj וְ + N com c sg abs · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'and the wind of'.
אֶחָ֖דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
לַכֹּ֑לto allprep + art + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
וּמוֹתַ֨רplenteousnessconj וְ + N com m sg constr · מוֹתָר (H4195)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מוֹתָר (H4195) 'plenteousness'.
הָאָדָ֤םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הַבְּהֵמָה֙the animalart + N com f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'the animal'.
אָ֔יִןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
הַכֹּ֖לeverythingart + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'everything'.
הָֽבֶלwith their idolsN c · הֶבֶל (H1892)Construct chain (genitival)הֶבֶל (H1892) 'with their idols'.
20
הַכֹּ֥ל הוֹלֵ֖ךְ אֶל מָק֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד הַכֹּל֙ הָיָ֣ה מִן הֶֽעָפָ֔ר וְהַכֹּ֖ל שָׁ֥ב אֶל הֶעָפָֽר
All go to one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again.
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'walking'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
הַכֹּ֥לeverythingart + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'everything'.
הוֹלֵ֖ךְwalkingQal ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'walking'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
מָק֣וֹםa placeN c · מָקוֹם (H4725)Construct chain (genitival)מָקוֹם (H4725) 'a place'.
אֶחָ֑דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
הַכֹּל֙everythingart + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'everything'.
הָיָ֣הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הֶֽעָפָ֔רthe dust/plaster-scrapingsart + N com m sg abs · עָפָר (H6083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָפָר (H6083) 'the dust/plaster-scrapings'.
וְהַכֹּ֖לallconj וְ + art + N com m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
שָׁ֥בreturn!Qal perf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשׁוּב (H7725) 'return!'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
הֶעָפָֽרthe dust/plaster-scrapingsart + N com m sg abs · עָפָר (H6083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָפָר (H6083) 'the dust/plaster-scrapings'.
21
מִ֣י יוֹדֵ֗עַ ר֚וּחַ בְּנֵ֣י הָאָדָ֔ם הָעֹלָ֥ה הִ֖יא לְמָ֑עְלָה וְר֨וּחַ֙ הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה הַיֹּרֶ֥דֶת הִ֖יא לְמַ֥טָּה לָאָֽרֶץ
Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth?
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'shall it be known'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יוֹדֵ֗עַshall it be knownQal ptc ms · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'shall it be known'.
ר֚וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
הָאָדָ֔םthe humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
הָעֹלָ֥הthat risesart + Qal ptc fs · עָלָה (H5927)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָלָה (H5927) 'that rises'.
הִ֖יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
לְמָ֑עְלָהupwardprep + art + Sd · מַעְלָה (H4605)Particle or relational elementמַעְלָה (H4605) 'upward'.
וְר֨וּחַ֙and the wind ofconj וְ + N com c sg constr · רוּחַ (H7307)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רוּחַ (H7307) 'and the wind of'.
הַבְּהֵמָ֔הthe animalart + N com f sg abs · בְּהֵמָה (H929)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בְּהֵמָה (H929) 'the animal'.
הַיֹּרֶ֥דֶתand went downart + Qal ptc fs · יָרַד (H3381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
הִ֖יאthat ispron 3fs · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that is'.
לְמַ֥טָּהdownward, beneathprep + art · מַטָּה (H4295)Particle or relational elementמַטָּה (H4295) 'downward, beneath'.
לָאָֽרֶץfor the landprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'for the land'.
22
וְרָאִ֗יתִי כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין טוֹב֙ מֵאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׂמַ֤ח הָאָדָם֙ בְּֽמַעֲשָׂ֔יו כִּי ה֖וּא חֶלְק֑וֹ כִּ֣י מִ֤י יְבִיאֶ֨נּוּ֙ לִרְא֔וֹת בְּמֶ֖ה שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥ה אַחֲרָֽיו
Wherefore I perceive that nothing better, than that a man should rejoice in his own works; for that his portion: for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him?
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and I will see'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְרָאִ֗יתִיand I will seeconj וְ + Qal perf 1cs · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָאָה (H7200) 'and I will see'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֵ֥יןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
טוֹב֙goodAdj · טוֹב (H2896)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'.
מֵאֲשֶׁ֨רfrom that which isprep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'from that which is'.
יִשְׂמַ֤חand you shall rejoiceQal impf 3ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׂמַח (H8055) 'and you shall rejoice'.
הָאָדָם֙the humanart + N com m sg abs · אָדָם (H120)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָדָם (H120) 'the human'.
בְּֽמַעֲשָׂ֔יוthe work ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעֲשֶׂה (H4639) 'the work of'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
ה֖וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
חֶלְק֑וֹportionN c · חֵלֶק (H2506)Construct chain (genitival)חֵלֶק (H2506) 'portion'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִ֤יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יְבִיאֶ֨נּוּ֙he brings itHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'he brings it'.
לִרְא֔וֹתto seeprep + Qal inf constr · רָאָה (H7200)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'.
בְּמֶ֖הin whatprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'in what'.
שֶׁיִּהְיֶ֥הand it happenedrel. שֶׁ + Qal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
אַחֲרָֽיוafter himprep + sfx 3ms · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after him'.