Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 26דברים 26

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Deuteronomy 26 closes the Code with liturgy: the firstfruits rite and its recited credo — Israel's oldest confession, still spoken at Passover — the third-year tithe with its negative confession and one imperative prayer, and the climactic mutual declaration in which Israel avouches YHWH and YHWH avouches Israel as his treasured, holy people.

Translation & textual notes

Deuteronomy 26 is textually stable in the Masoretic tradition; the Qumran fragments, Samaritan Pentateuch, and LXX show only minor, mostly orthographic variants, with no substantive divergence in the credo (vv.5-10) or the mutual-declaration formula (vv.16-19). The chapter's real cruxes are lexical and interpretive. Verse 5's אֲרַמִּי אֹבֵד אָבִי is doubly ambiguous: אֲרַמִּי may denote the patriarch himself (traditionally Jacob, tied to Aram through Rebekah, Laban, and twenty years in Paddan-Aram) or a hostile Aramean threatening him; אֹבֵד may mean 'wandering, homeless' or 'perishing, about to be lost' — the LXX's Συρίαν ἀπέβαλεν ('abandoned Syria') and the Haggadah's midrashic reading ('an Aramean sought to destroy my father') preserve two ancient construals still debated today. The Hiphil הֶאֱמִיר (vv.17-18) is attested only in this matched pair nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible, distinct from ordinary Qal אָמַר; its rarity has invited both suspicion and appreciation as a deliberate formula of mutual covenant avouchal. Forms like מִמֶּנּוּ (v.14) and לָךְ (vv.2, 18) show the WLC's recurring orthographic overlap between 1cp/3ms and 2ms/2fs suffixes, resolved here by context.

1

וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי תָב֣וֹא אֶל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָ֑ה וִֽירִשְׁתָּ֖הּ וְיָשַׁ֥בְתָּ בָּֽהּ

And it shall be, when you come into the land that YHWH your God is giving you as an inheritance, and you possess it and dwell in it,

Temporal/conditional protasisוְ
Opens the chapter with the familiar Deuteronomic weqatal formula וְהָיָה כִּי, setting entry, possession, and settlement in the land as the precondition for the firstfruits rite commanded in v. 2.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְהָיָה֙and it will beconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb of temporal protasis (main clause)→ Weqatal: sequential/consequential future — opens the formulaic temporal clause 'and it shall be, when...'הָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become, happen'; the weqatal וְהָיָה כִּי formula regularly opens temporal/conditional instructions in Deuteronomy.
כִּֽיwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction (temporal, 'when')כִּי (H3588) versatile conjunction; here temporal, introducing the entry-into-the-land clause.
תָב֣וֹאyou comeQal impf 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb of subordinate temporal clause→ Yiqtol: future/modal — anticipated entry into the landבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter, go in'; the standard Deuteronomic verb for Israel's entry into the land.
אֶלintoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase (goal of motion)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward, into'; marks the land as the goal of entry.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Object of preposition אֶלאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land, earth'; here the promised land of Canaan, goal of the entry.
אֲשֶׁר֙thatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הָאָרֶץ)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'; introduces the clause describing the land as YHWH's gift.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נֹתֵןיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God, related to הָיָה 'to be'; traditionally read אֲדֹנָי, rendered LORD.
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God', plural of majesty with singular force; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God', standing in apposition to the divine name.
נֹתֵ֥ןis givingQal ptc ms abs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate participle (durative, main verb of relative clause)→ Participle: durative/characteristic — YHWH's continuing disposition to give the landנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the participle casts the land-gift as YHWH's ongoing, characteristic act, a Deuteronomic refrain.
לְךָ֖to youprep לְ + 2ms sfx · לְ (l)Indirect object of נֹתֵןלְ dative/directional preposition with 2ms suffix, marking the beneficiary of the gift.
נַחֲלָ֑הas an inheritanceN f sg abs · נַחֲלָה (H5159)Adverbial accusative of result, complement of נֹתֵן ... לְךָנַחֲלָה (H5159) 'inheritance, hereditary possession'; the land as Israel's allotted portion.
וִֽירִשְׁתָּ֖הּand you possess itconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms + 3fs sfx · יָרַשׁ (H3423)Predicate verb, second clause of the protasis (sequential)→ Weqatal: sequential future — the taking of possession that follows entryיָרַשׁ (H3423) 'to take possession of, inherit, dispossess'; the verb of conquest-settlement.
וְיָשַׁ֥בְתָּand you dwellconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb, third clause of the protasis (sequential)→ Weqatal: sequential future — settled dwelling completes the entry-possession-dwelling sequenceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'to sit, dwell, settle'; completes the בוא/ירש/ישב triad marking full occupation of the land.
בָּֽהּin itprep בְּ + 3fs sfx · בְּ (b)Locative complement of וְיָשַׁבְתָּבְּ locative preposition with 3fs suffix referring back to הָאָרֶץ, 'the land' (grammatically feminine).
2

וְלָקַחְתָּ֞ מֵרֵאשִׁ֣ית כָּל פְּרִ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר תָּבִ֧יא מֵֽאַרְצְךָ֛ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָ֖ךְ וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ בַטֶּ֑נֶא וְהָֽלַכְתָּ֙ אֶל הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִבְחַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן שְׁמ֖וֹ שָֽׁם

you shall take some of the first of all the fruit of the ground that you bring in from your land that YHWH your God is giving you, and put it in a basket, and go to the place that YHWH your God will choose to make his name dwell there.

Apodosis / main commandוְ
The chapter's main command begins: a weqatal chain (take, put, go) lays out the ritual sequence for bringing firstfruits to the central sanctuary, 'the place where YHWH will cause his name to dwell' — the Deuteronomic centralization formula.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וְלָקַחְתָּ֞and you shall takeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb, apodosis (main command of the chapter)→ Weqatal: the main injunctive command following the temporal protasis of v.1לָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; the ritual action of taking firstfruits that initiates the whole rite.
מֵרֵאשִׁ֣יתfrom the first ofprep מִן + N f sg constr · רֵאשִׁית (H7225)Partitive prepositional phrase, object of וְלָקַחְתָּרֵאשִׁית (H7225) 'beginning, first, choicest part', from רֹאשׁ 'head'; the technical term for firstfruits, the best portion of the harvest.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing פְּרִיכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every, whole'; in construct chain, 'all the fruit'.
פְּרִ֣יthe fruit ofN m sg constr · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival), governed by רֵאשִׁיתפְּרִי (H6529) 'fruit, produce'; the yield of the ground brought as firstfruits.
הָאֲדָמָ֗הthe groundart + N f sg abs · אֲדָמָה (H127)Genitive complement of פְּרִי (construct chain)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'ground, soil, arable land'; related to אָדָם 'man', the earth that produces the crop.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies the fruit of the ground)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
תָּבִ֧יאyou bring inHiphil impf 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Yiqtol: iterative/habitual — the recurring act of bringing in the harvestבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring, cause to come in'; causative counterpart of the entry-verb in v.1, now applied to the harvest.
מֵֽאַרְצְךָ֛from your landprep מִן + N (c) sg constr + 2ms sfx · אֶרֶץ (H776)Source prepositional phrase, complement of תָּבִיאאֶרֶץ (H776) with 2ms suffix, 'your land'; the farmer's own allotted portion, source of the produce.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies 'your land')אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
יְהוָ֧הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נֹתֵןיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God', plural of majesty; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God'.
נֹתֵ֥ןis givingQal ptc ms abs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate participle of relative clause→ Participle: durative/characteristic — the land as YHWH's continuing giftנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the participle again casts the land-gift as YHWH's ongoing disposition.
לָ֖ךְto youprep לְ + 2ms sfx (pausal לָךְ, orthographically identical to 2fs; context requires masc.) · לְ (l)Indirect object of נֹתֵןלְ dative preposition; OSHB's Sp2fs tag reflects the ambiguous pausal spelling לָךְ, but the addressee throughout is the male farmer.
וְשַׂמְתָּ֣and you shall putconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · שׂוּם (H7760)Predicate verb, apodosis chain (sequential)→ Weqatal: sequential command continuing the ritual chainשׂוּם (H7760) 'to put, place, set'; the firstfruits are set in the basket for transport.
בַטֶּ֑נֶאin the basketprep בְּ + art + N m sg abs · טֶנֶא (H2935)Locative complement of וְשַׂמְתָּטֶנֶא (H2935) 'basket'; a rare word (elsewhere only Deut 28:5, 17), the humble container that becomes the liturgical prop of the whole rite.
וְהָֽלַכְתָּ֙and you shall goconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Predicate verb, apodosis chain (sequential)→ Weqatal: sequential command — the journey to the sanctuaryהָלַךְ (H1980) 'to walk, go'; the pilgrimage movement toward the chosen place.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase (goal of motion)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the sanctuary as the goal of the pilgrimage.
הַמָּק֔וֹםthe placeart + N m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Object of preposition אֶלמָקוֹם (H4725) 'place'; the Deuteronomic technical term for the single central sanctuary (cf. Deut 12).
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הַמָּקוֹם)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
יִבְחַר֙he will chooseQal impf 3ms · בָּחַר (H977)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Yiqtol: future — YHWH's sovereign selection of the siteבָּחַר (H977) 'to choose'; the centralization formula — YHWH alone selects the sanctuary site, recurring refrain of Deuteronomy.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of יִבְחַריְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God'.
לְשַׁכֵּ֥ןto cause to dwellprep לְ + Piel inf constr · שָׁכַן (H7931)Purpose infinitive construct (final clause)→ Infinitive construct: purpose — the goal of YHWH's choosing the placeשָׁכַן (H7931) Piel 'to cause to dwell, establish'; the Name-theology formula לְשַׁכֵּן שְׁמוֹ שָׁם, YHWH causing his Name to reside at the chosen sanctuary.
שְׁמ֖וֹhis nameN m sg constr + 3ms sfx · שֵׁם (H8034)Object of לְשַׁכֵּןשֵׁם (H8034) 'name' + 3ms suffix; the divine Name representing YHWH's presence at the sanctuary.
שָֽׁםthereadverb · שָׁם (H8033)Locative adverb, complement of לְשַׁכֵּןשָׁם (H8033) locative adverb 'there', referring back to הַמָּקוֹם.
3

וּבָאתָ֙ אֶל הַכֹּהֵ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִהְיֶ֖ה בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֑ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו הִגַּ֤דְתִּי הַיּוֹם֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כִּי בָ֨אתִי֙ אֶל הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה לַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ לָ֥תֶת לָֽנוּ

And you shall go to the priest who is in office in those days and say to him, 'I declare today to YHWH your God that I have come into the land that YHWH swore to our fathers to give us.'

Apodosis chain continued; introduces direct speechוְ
The weqatal chain continues (go, say), then shifts into direct speech: the offerer's first performative declaration, grounding personal entry into the land in the ancient patriarchal oath — the seed of the credo that follows in vv. 5-10.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וּבָאתָ֙and you shall goconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb, apodosis chain (sequential)→ Weqatal: sequential command — approach to the priestבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, go (to)'; here movement toward the officiating priest.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase (goal of motion)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; marks the priest as goal of approach.
הַכֹּהֵ֔ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Object of preposition אֶלכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; the officiating priest at the central sanctuary who receives the offerer's declaration.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhorelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הַכֹּהֵן)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
יִהְיֶ֖הwill be (serving)Qal impf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Yiqtol: future/generic — whichever priest holds officeהָיָה (H1961) here idiomatic 'to be in office, serve'; the law anticipates changing personnel, not a fixed individual.
בַּיָּמִ֣יםin the daysprep בְּ + art + N m pl abs · יוֹם (H3117)Temporal prepositional phrase, complement of יִהְיֶהיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; plural with article, 'the days', paired with הָהֵם, 'in those days'.
הָהֵ֑םthoseart + independent pron 3mp (demonstrative use) · הֵם (H1992)Demonstrative modifier of בַּיָּמִיםהֵם (H1992) 3mp pronoun used demonstratively with the article, 'those (days)' — whoever happens to hold the priesthood then.
וְאָמַרְתָּ֣and you shall sayconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb, apodosis chain (sequential); introduces direct speech→ Weqatal: sequential command — introduces the quoted declarationאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; the standard verb of speech introducing the direct-quotation formula that follows.
אֵלָ֗יוto himprep + 3ms sfx · אֶל (H413)Indirect object of וְאָמַרְתָּאֶל (H413) with 3ms suffix, 'to him', referring to the priest.
הִגַּ֤דְתִּיI declareHiphil perf 1cs · נָגַד (H5046)Predicate verb, main clause of the quoted declaration→ Perfective (performative): the speech-act itself constitutes the declaration as it is utteredנָגַד (H5046) Hiphil 'to tell, declare, make known'; the opening performative word of the formal, first-person liturgical declaration.
הַיּוֹם֙todayart + N m sg abs (adverbial) · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time, modifying הִגַּדְתִּייוֹם (H3117) 'day'; with article as adverbial accusative 'today', anchoring the declaration to the present moment — a refrain echoed again in vv. 16-17.
לַיהוָ֣הto YHWHprep לְ + proper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Indirect object of הִגַּדְתִּייְהוָה (H3068) with לְ, 'to YHWH'; the declaration, though spoken to the priest, is formally addressed to God.
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God'.
כִּיthatconj · כִּי (H3588)Complementizer introducing the content of the declarationכִּי (H3588) here introduces the object clause of הִגַּדְתִּי, 'that I have come...'.
בָ֨אתִי֙I have comeQal perf 1cs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb of the object clause→ Perfective: a completed act — entry into the land now accomplishedבּוֹא (H935) 'to come, enter'; the personal fulfillment of the promise, echoed and expanded in the credo of vv. 5-9.
אֶלintoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase (goal of motion)אֶל (H413) 'to, into'; goal of בָאתִי.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Object of preposition אֶלאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; the promised land, now entered.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הָאָרֶץ)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
נִשְׁבַּ֧עhe sworeNiphal perf 3ms · שָׁבַע (H7650)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed, binding oath — the legal ground of the land-giftשָׁבַע (H7650) Niphal (reflexive/passive, 'bind oneself by oath'); the patriarchal oath, ultimate warrant for Israel's possession of the land.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נִשְׁבַּעיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
לַאֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּto our fathersprep לְ + N m pl constr + 1cp sfx · אָב (H1)Indirect object of נִשְׁבַּעאָב (H1) 'father'; plural with 1cp suffix, 'our fathers' — Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, original recipients of the oath.
לָ֥תֶתto giveprep לְ + Qal inf constr · נָתַן (H5414)Purpose infinitive construct (final clause)→ Infinitive construct: purpose — the content and goal of the oathנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the oath's purpose clause, 'to give (the land) to us'.
לָֽנוּto usprep לְ + 1cp sfx · לְ (l)Indirect object of לָתֶתלְ dative preposition with 1cp suffix, 'to us' — the oath's beneficiaries, present-day Israel identified with the patriarchs.
4

וְלָקַ֧ח הַכֹּהֵ֛ן הַטֶּ֖נֶא מִיָּדֶ֑ךָ וְהִ֨נִּיח֔וֹ לִפְנֵ֕י מִזְבַּ֖ח יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ

And the priest shall take the basket from your hand and set it down before the altar of YHWH your God.

Apodosis chain continued (priest's action)וְ
The subject shifts from the offerer to the priest, who receives the basket and ritually deposits it before the altar — the ceremonial midpoint between the offerer's approach and the recited credo.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וְלָקַ֧חand he shall takeconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb, apodosis chain (subject shifts to the priest)→ Weqatal: sequential command — the priest's reception of the offeringלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'; the priest now receives what the offerer has brought.
הַכֹּהֵ֛ןthe priestart + N m sg abs · כֹּהֵן (H3548)Subject of וְלָקַחכֹּהֵן (H3548) 'priest'; now the grammatical subject, receiving the basket.
הַטֶּ֖נֶאthe basketart + N m sg abs · טֶנֶא (H2935)Direct object of וְלָקַחטֶנֶא (H2935) 'basket'; the firstfruits container, now passed from offerer to priest.
מִיָּדֶ֑ךָfrom your handprep מִן + N (c) sg constr + 2ms sfx · יָד (H3027)Source prepositional phrase, complement of וְלָקַחיָד (H3027) 'hand'; with 2ms suffix, marking direct transfer from offerer to priest.
וְהִ֨נִּיח֔וֹand he shall set it downconj וְ + Hiphil weqatal 3ms + 3ms sfx · נוּחַ (H3240)Predicate verb, apodosis chain (sequential)→ Weqatal: sequential command — ritual placement of the offeringנוּחַ (H3240) Hiphil 'to set down, deposit, lay to rest'; the ceremonial placement of the basket before the altar.
לִפְנֵ֕יbeforeprep לְ + N (c) pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase, complement of וְהִנִּיחוֹפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; construct with לְ forms the common compound preposition 'before, in the presence of'.
מִזְבַּ֖חthe altar ofN m sg constr · מִזְבֵּחַ (H4196)Construct chain (genitival), object of לִפְנֵימִזְבֵּחַ (H4196) 'altar', from זָבַח 'to sacrifice'; the central cultic installation at the sanctuary.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive complement of מִזְבַּחיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהֶֽיךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God'.
5

וְעָנִ֨יתָ וְאָמַרְתָּ֜ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ אֲרַמִּי֙ אֹבֵ֣ד אָבִ֔י וַיֵּ֣רֶד מִצְרַ֔יְמָה וַיָּ֥גָר שָׁ֖ם בִּמְתֵ֣י מְעָ֑ט וַֽיְהִי שָׁ֕ם לְג֥וֹי גָּד֖וֹל עָצ֥וּם וָרָֽב

And you shall answer and say before YHWH your God, 'A wandering Aramean was my father; he went down to Egypt and sojourned there, few in number, and there he became a nation great, mighty, and populous.'

Introduces the recited Credo (direct quotation)וְ
The priestly rite gives way to Israel's oldest confession, still recited today in the Passover Haggadah. A wayyiqtol narrative chain (vv. 5-9) tells the story in the first person: the deliberately ambiguous 'wandering/perishing Aramean' (the patriarch Jacob, or perhaps a hostile Aramean menacing him) descending to Egypt as a tiny clan that grew into a great nation.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וְעָנִ֨יתָand you shall answerconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb, apodosis chain (introduces the recited declaration)→ Weqatal: sequential command — introduces the formal recitationעָנָה (H6030) 'to answer, respond, testify formally'; not a reply to a question but the solemn ritual utterance about to follow.
וְאָמַרְתָּ֜and sayconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb, apodosis chain; introduces direct speech (the credo)→ Weqatal: sequential command — introduces the quoted credoאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; paired with עָנָה to introduce Israel's oldest liturgical confession.
לִפְנֵ֣יbeforeprep לְ + N (c) pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase, complement of וְאָמַרְתָּפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; the compound preposition 'before, in the presence of' YHWH at the sanctuary.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition לִפְנֵייְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God'.
אֲרַמִּי֙a wandering/perishinggentilic adj ms abs · אֲרַמִּי (H761)Predicate adjective (nominal clause with אָבִי)אֲרַמִּי (H761) 'Aramean'; traditionally identified with Jacob, whose mother Rebekah and twenty years of labor were bound to Aram (Gen 25-31); some instead read it of a hostile Aramean (Laban) menacing the patriarch. The referent's ambiguity is compounded by the following אֹבֵד.
אֹבֵ֣דwandering / perishingQal ptc ms abs · אָבַד (H6)Predicate participle (substantival, describing אָבִי)→ Participle: durative/circumstantial — describes the patriarch's precarious stateאָבַד (H6) Qal ptc 'perishing, about to be lost, homeless, wandering'; the celebrated crux of the credo — 'a wandering Aramean' reads it as rootless homelessness, 'a perishing/doomed Aramean' (older Jewish reading, of Laban's hostile intent toward Jacob) takes אָבַד's more usual sense of ruin/destruction; the LXX's ἀπέβαλεν Συρίαν reflects yet another construal. Both the referent (אֲרַמִּי) and this word's sense are deliberately, irreducibly ambiguous.
אָבִ֔יmy fatherN m sg constr + 1cs sfx · אָב (H1)Subject of the nominal clauseאָב (H1) 'father' + 1cs suffix; the patriarch (traditionally Jacob), subject of the credo's whole narrative.
וַיֵּ֣רֶדand he went downconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (main line of the credo)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the descent into Egyptיָרַד (H3381) 'to go down'; the standard verb for descending to Egypt, both geographically and theologically.
מִצְרַ֔יְמָהto Egyptproper N + directional ה sfx · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Adverbial accusative of direction, complement of וַיֵּרֶדמִצְרַיִם (H4714) 'Egypt'; with the ה-locale suffix, 'to/toward Egypt'.
וַיָּ֥גָרand he sojournedconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · גּוּר (H1481)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — resident-alien status in Egyptגּוּר (H1481) 'to sojourn, reside as a resident alien'; the patriarchal family's precarious status in Egypt, foreigners without inherited land rights.
שָׁ֖םthereadverb · שָׁם (H8033)Locative adverb, complement of וַיָּגָרשָׁם (H8033) locative adverb 'there', referring to Egypt.
בִּמְתֵ֣יwith fewprep בְּ + N (c) pl constr · מַת/מְתִים (H4962)Adverbial prepositional phrase (manner), modifying וַיָּגָרמְתִים (H4962) 'men, persons'; construct with מְעָט, 'men of few (number)' — idiomatic for a small clan.
מְעָ֑טfew, littleN m sg abs · מְעַט (H4592)Genitive complement of מְתֵי (construct chain)מְעַט (H4592) 'little, few'; בִּמְתֵי מְעָט, 'few in number' — the tiny clan that entered Egypt (cf. Gen 46:27, seventy persons).
וַֽיְהִיand he becameconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the climactic transformation from clan to nationהָיָה (H1961) 'to be, become'; marks the pivotal change of status narrated by the credo.
שָׁ֕םthereadverb · שָׁם (H8033)Locative adverb, complement of וַיְהִישָׁם (H8033) locative adverb 'there', referring again to Egypt.
לְג֥וֹיinto a nationprep לְ + N m sg abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Predicate complement of וַיְהִיגּוֹי (H1471) 'nation, people'; Israel's growth from a small clan to a nation is the pivot of the credo.
גָּד֖וֹלgreatadj ms abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjective modifying גּוֹיגָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great, large'; first of three adjectives describing the nation's growth (cf. Exod 1:9).
עָצ֥וּםmightyadj ms abs · עָצוּם (H6099)Attributive adjective modifying גּוֹיעָצוּם (H6099) 'mighty, numerous, powerful'; second adjective in the triad.
וָרָֽבand populousconj וְ + adj ms abs · רַב (H7227)Attributive adjective modifying גּוֹירַב (H7227) 'many, numerous'; completes the triad גָּדוֹל עָצוּם וָרָב, echoed almost verbatim by Pharaoh's fear in Exod 1:9.
6

וַיָּרֵ֧עוּ אֹתָ֛נוּ הַמִּצְרִ֖ים וַיְעַנּ֑וּנוּ וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ עָלֵ֖ינוּ עֲבֹדָ֥ה קָשָֽׁה

But the Egyptians treated us badly and afflicted us, and laid hard labor on us.

Narrative main line of the credo — the oppressionוַ
The wayyiqtol chain turns from prosperity to affliction: Egypt's ill-treatment, humiliation, and imposition of hard labor set up the cry to YHWH in v.7, the credo's hinge from blessing to distress.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיָּרֵ֧עוּand they treated badlyconj וַ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · רָעַע (H7489)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the onset of oppressionרָעַע (H7489) Hiphil 'to do evil/harm to, mistreat'; the first blow of the Egyptian oppression.
אֹתָ֛נוּ[obj] usobj marker + 1cp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וַיָּרֵעוּ (pronominal)אֵת (H853) object marker + 1cp suffix, direct object 'us'; untranslated in English.
הַמִּצְרִ֖יםthe Egyptiansart + gentilic adj mp abs · מִצְרִי (H4713)Subject of וַיָּרֵעוּמִצְרִי (H4713) gentilic 'Egyptian', plural with article; subject of the oppression that follows.
וַיְעַנּ֑וּנוּand they afflicted usconj וַ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp + 1cp sfx · עָנָה II (H6031)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — intensifying oppressionעָנָה II (H6031) Piel 'to afflict, oppress, humble'; also used of Sarah's treatment of Hagar (Gen 16:6), and root of עֳנִי/עָנְיֵנוּ, the affliction-vocabulary recurring in v.7.
וַיִּתְּנ֥וּand they laidconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — imposition of forced laborנָתַן (H5414) 'to give, put, place'; here 'imposed (labor) upon' — idiomatic for laying a burden on someone.
עָלֵ֖ינוּupon usprep + 1cp sfx · עַל (H5921)Complement of וַיִּתְּנוּעַל (H5921) 'upon, on' + 1cp suffix, marking the ones burdened.
עֲבֹדָ֥הlaborN f sg abs · עֲבֹדָה (H5656)Direct object of וַיִּתְּנוּעֲבֹדָה (H5656) 'work, labor, servitude', from עָבַד 'to serve, work'; the forced labor of the Egyptian bondage.
קָשָֽׁהhardadj fs abs · קָשֶׁה (H7186)Attributive adjective modifying עֲבֹדָהקָשֶׁה (H7186) 'hard, harsh, severe'; the oppression that triggers the cry of v.7.
7

וַנִּצְעַ֕ק אֶל יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ אֶת קֹלֵ֔נוּ וַיַּ֧רְא אֶת עָנְיֵ֛נוּ וְאֶת עֲמָלֵ֖נוּ וְאֶת לַחֲצֵֽנוּ

Then we cried out to YHWH, the God of our fathers, and YHWH heard our voice and saw our affliction, our toil, and our oppression.

Narrative main line — the cry and divine responseוַ
Israel's cry (צָעַק) provokes YHWH's hearing and seeing, itemized in the triad of suffering-terms עֳנִי/עָמָל/לַחַץ — this verse condenses Exodus 2:23-25 and 3:7 into a single confessional sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַנִּצְעַ֕קand we cried outconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cp · צָעַק (H6817)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the cry of distressצָעַק (H6817) 'to cry out, cry for help'; the classic cry of distress that provokes divine intervention throughout the exodus narrative.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Indirect object prepositional phrase, complement of וַנִּצְעַקאֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; addressee of the cry.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition אֶליְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN m pl constr · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָה (construct chain)אֱלֹהִים (H430) construct 'God of', governing אֲבֹתֵינוּ — YHWH identified again as the patriarchs' God.
אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּour fathersN m pl constr + 1cp sfx · אָב (H1)Genitive complement of אֱלֹהֵי (construct chain)אָב (H1) 'father'; plural with 1cp suffix, 'our fathers', the patriarchs.
וַיִּשְׁמַ֤עand he heardconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — YHWH's responsive hearingשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear'; the first of the paired verbs of divine attention (hear/see) that answer Israel's cry, echoing Exod 3:7.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיִּשְׁמַעיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi marking קֹלֵנוּ as definite direct object; untranslated in English.
קֹלֵ֔נוּour voiceN m sg constr + 1cp sfx · קוֹל (H6963)Direct object of וַיִּשְׁמַעקוֹל (H6963) 'voice, sound'; the cry itself as object of YHWH's hearing.
וַיַּ֧רְאand he sawconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — YHWH's attentive seeingרָאָה (H7200) 'to see'; paired with שָׁמַע, YHWH's full cognizance of Israel's plight (cf. Exod 3:7).
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi marking the first of three suffering-terms as direct object; untranslated in English.
עָנְיֵ֛נוּour afflictionN m sg constr + 1cp sfx · עֳנִי (H6040)Direct object of וַיַּרְא (first of three)עֳנִי (H6040) 'affliction, misery, poverty', same root as v.6's 'afflicted' (עָנָה); first of the triad עֳנִי/עָמָל/לַחַץ piling up Israel's suffering.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (second of three objects)וְ joins the second suffering-term; אֵת marks עֲמָלֵנוּ as direct object.
עֲמָלֵ֖נוּour toilN (c) sg constr + 1cp sfx · עָמָל (H5999)Direct object of וַיַּרְא (second of three)עָמָל (H5999) 'toil, trouble, misery, hard labor'; second term of the suffering triad.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (third of three objects)וְ joins the third suffering-term; אֵת marks לַחֲצֵנוּ as direct object.
לַחֲצֵֽנוּour oppressionN m sg constr + 1cp sfx · לַחַץ (H3906)Direct object of וַיַּרְא (third of three)לַחַץ (H3906) 'oppression, pressure', from לָחַץ 'to press, squeeze'; the climactic, most physical term of the suffering triad.
8

וַיּוֹצִאֵ֤נוּ יְהוָה֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם בְּיָ֤ד חֲזָקָה֙ וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֔ה וּבְמֹרָ֖א גָּדֹ֑ל וּבְאֹת֖וֹת וּבְמֹפְתִֽים

And YHWH brought us out from Egypt with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm, with great terror, and with signs and wonders.

Narrative main line — the deliveranceוַ
The credo's climax: YHWH himself brings Israel out, described with the fourfold instrumental formula (mighty hand, outstretched arm, great terror, signs and wonders) that becomes classic exodus vocabulary (cf. Deut 4:34; 6:22).
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיּוֹצִאֵ֤נוּand he brought us outconj וַ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + 1cp sfx · יָצָא (H3318)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence (climactic main verb of the credo)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the climactic deliveranceיָצָא (H3318) Hiphil 'to bring out'; the central exodus verb, YHWH himself as sole agent of deliverance.
יְהוָה֙YHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of וַיּוֹצִאֵנוּיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
מִמִּצְרַ֔יִםfrom Egyptprep מִן + proper N · מִצְרַיִם (H4714)Source prepositional phrase, complement of וַיּוֹצִאֵנוּמִצְרַיִם (H4714) with מִן, 'from Egypt', source of the deliverance.
בְּיָ֤דwith a handprep בְּ + N (c) sg abs · יָד (H3027)Instrumental prepositional phrase, complement of וַיּוֹצִאֵנוּיָד (H3027) 'hand'; first of the instrumental phrases of divine power, echoing Exod 6:6, Deut 4:34.
חֲזָקָה֙mightyadj fs abs · חָזָק (H2389)Attributive adjective modifying יָדחָזָק (H2389) 'strong, mighty'; the classic 'mighty hand' formula (יָד חֲזָקָה).
וּבִזְרֹ֣עַand with an armconj וְ + prep בְּ + N (c) sg abs · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Instrumental prepositional phrase, complement of וַיּוֹצִאֵנוּזְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'arm'; paired with יָד as the formulaic image of divine power in the deliverance.
נְטוּיָ֔הoutstretchedQal passive ptc fs abs · נָטָה (H5186)Attributive participle modifying זְרוֹעַ→ Passive participle: resultant state — the arm depicted as extended in ongoing act of powerנָטָה (H5186) Qal passive ptc 'stretched out'; completes the fixed formula 'outstretched arm' (זְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה).
וּבְמֹרָ֖אand with terrorconj וְ + prep בְּ + N m sg abs · מוֹרָא (H4172)Instrumental prepositional phrase, complement of וַיּוֹצִאֵנוּמוֹרָא (H4172) 'terror, fearful awe', from יָרֵא 'to fear'; the dread inspired by YHWH's mighty acts against Egypt.
גָּדֹ֑לgreatadj ms abs · גָּדוֹל (H1419)Attributive adjective modifying מוֹרָאגָּדוֹל (H1419) 'great, large'; intensifies the terror inspired by YHWH's acts.
וּבְאֹת֖וֹתand with signsconj וְ + prep בְּ + N (c) pl abs · אוֹת (H226)Instrumental prepositional phrase, complement of וַיּוֹצִאֵנוּאוֹת (H226) 'sign'; the miraculous signs performed in Egypt, part of the standard exodus word-pair with מוֹפֵת.
וּבְמֹפְתִֽיםand with wondersconj וְ + prep בְּ + N m pl abs · מוֹפֵת (H4159)Instrumental prepositional phrase, complement of וַיּוֹצִאֵנוּמוֹפֵת (H4159) 'wonder, portent'; paired with אוֹת, the standard word-pair for the plagues and miracles of the exodus.
9

וַיְבִאֵ֖נוּ אֶל הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וַיִּתֶּן לָ֨נוּ֙ אֶת הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ

And he brought us to this place and gave us this land, a land flowing with milk and honey.

Narrative main line — arrival and gift of the landוַ
The credo reaches its terminus: not just deliverance from Egypt but arrival at 'this place' and possession of 'this land' — the very ground now yielding the firstfruits basket in the offerer's hands, closing the loop from ancient promise to present harvest.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיְבִאֵ֖נוּand he brought usconj וַ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + 1cp sfx · בּוֹא (H935)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — arrival at the landבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring in'; the credo's homecoming verb, echoing the offerer's own entry-language in v.3.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Directional prepositional phrase (goal of motion)אֶל (H413) 'to, toward'; goal of the bringing-in.
הַמָּק֣וֹםthe placeart + N m sg abs · מָקוֹם (H4725)Object of preposition אֶלמָקוֹם (H4725) 'place'; here standing for the land/sanctuary as the destination of the journey, echoing the technical term of v.2.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + demonstrative pron ms · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative modifier of הַמָּקוֹםזֶה (H2088) 'this'; ties the credo's ancient narrative directly to the present sanctuary where the offerer now stands.
וַיִּתֶּןand he gaveconj וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Wayyiqtol of narrative sequence→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advance — the gift of the landנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the credo's summary gift-verb, echoed by the offerer's own gift of firstfruits in v.10.
לָ֨נוּ֙to usprep לְ + 1cp sfx · לְ (l)Indirect object of וַיִּתֶּןלְ dative preposition with 1cp suffix, 'to us', the beneficiaries of the land-gift.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi marking הָאָרֶץ as definite direct object; untranslated in English.
הָאָ֣רֶץthe landart + N (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Direct object of וַיִּתֶּןאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; the land promised to the fathers and now given.
הַזֹּ֔אתthisart + demonstrative pron fs · זֹאת (H2063)Demonstrative modifier of הָאָרֶץזֹאת (H2063) 'this' (fs); again grounding the ancient narrative in the present land under the farmer's feet.
אֶ֛רֶץa landN (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Apposition to הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת, head of the following descriptionאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; in apposition, introducing the fertility formula that follows.
זָבַ֥תflowing withQal ptc fs constr · זוּב (H2100)Attributive participle (construct), modifying אֶרֶץ→ Participle: durative/characteristic — the land's ongoing fertilityזוּב (H2100) Qal ptc constr 'flowing, gushing, oozing'; the celebrated formula אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ, 'a land flowing with milk and honey', Deuteronomy's stock description of Canaan's fertility.
חָלָ֖בmilkN m sg abs · חָלָב (H2461)Genitive complement of זָבַת (construct)חָלָב (H2461) 'milk'; the pastoral half of the fertility formula.
וּדְבָֽשׁand honeyconj וְ + N m sg abs · דְּבַשׁ (H1706)Genitive complement of זָבַת (construct, second element)דְּבַשׁ (H1706) 'honey' (likely date/fruit syrup as much as bee-honey); completes the agricultural half of the fertility formula.
10

וְעַתָּ֗ה הִנֵּ֤ה הֵבֵ֨אתִי֙ אֶת רֵאשִׁית֙ פְּרִ֣י הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר נָתַ֥תָּה לִּ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְהִנַּחְתּ֗וֹ לִפְנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִ֔יתָ לִפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ

'And now, behold, I have brought the first of the fruit of the ground that you, YHWH, have given me.' And you shall set it down before YHWH your God and worship before YHWH your God.

Resumptive apodosis; climax of the personal declaration and act of worshipוְ
The recited history yields to the present tense as the offerer addresses YHWH directly in the second person ('that YOU have given me') — the credo's real theological point, binding the individual farmer into the nation's ancient story. He then personally sets down the basket and worships, closing the rite begun in v.4.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וְעַתָּ֗הand nowconj וְ + adverb · עַתָּה (H6258)Discourse marker (shift to present time)עַתָּה (H6258) 'now'; marks the return from historical recitation to the present moment of offering.
הִנֵּ֤הbeholdpresentative particle · הִנֵּה (H2009)Presentative particle (draws attention to the following statement)הִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold, look'; heightens the solemnity of the declaration that follows.
הֵבֵ֨אתִי֙I have broughtHiphil perf 1cs · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb, main clause of the declaration→ Perfective (performative): the act of bringing constituted in the very speaking of the declarationבּוֹא (H935) Hiphil 'to bring'; the culminating first-person verb of the whole rite — 'I have brought'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi marking רֵאשִׁית as definite direct object; untranslated in English.
רֵאשִׁית֙the first ofN f sg constr · רֵאשִׁית (H7225)Direct object of הֵבֵאתִי (construct chain)רֵאשִׁית (H7225) 'beginning, first, choicest part'; the offering finally named, echoing v.2's מֵרֵאשִׁית.
פְּרִ֣יthe fruit ofN m sg constr · פְּרִי (H6529)Construct chain (genitival), governed by רֵאשִׁיתפְּרִי (H6529) 'fruit, produce'; the harvest, now finally presented before YHWH.
הָאֲדָמָ֔הthe groundart + N f sg abs · אֲדָמָה (H127)Genitive complement of פְּרִי (construct chain)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'ground, soil'; the very earth that has just been called 'a land flowing with milk and honey' in v.9.
אֲשֶׁרthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies the fruit of the ground)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
נָתַ֥תָּהyou have givenQal perf 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of relative clause, addressed directly to YHWH→ Perfective: a completed act — YHWH's past giving, now acknowledged face to faceנָתַן (H5414) Qal perf 2ms; addressed directly to YHWH ('that YOU have given me') — the credo's third-person historical narrative gives way here to direct second-person address, the personal climax of the whole declaration.
לִּ֖יto meprep לְ + 1cs sfx · לְ (l)Indirect object of נָתַתָּהלְ dative preposition with 1cs suffix, 'to me' — every individual farmer, personally, the recipient of the gift.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHproper N (vocative) · יְהוָה (H3068)Vocative, direct address to YHWHיְהוָה (H3068); named in direct address at the sentence's end — the offerer speaks to God face to face, not merely about him.
וְהִנַּחְתּ֗וֹand you shall set it downconj וְ + Hiphil weqatal 2ms + 3ms sfx · נוּחַ (H3240)Predicate verb, apodosis resumes (offerer's action)→ Weqatal: sequential command — the offerer's own act of presentationנוּחַ (H3240) Hiphil 'to set down, deposit'; the offerer personally completes the placement of the basket (cf. the priest's parallel action in v.4), the formal act of presentation.
לִפְנֵי֙beforeprep לְ + N (c) pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase, complement of וְהִנַּחְתּוֹפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; the compound preposition 'before, in the presence of'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition לִפְנֵייְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God'.
וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִ֔יתָand you shall worshipconj וְ + Hishtaphel weqatal 2ms · חָוָה (H7812)Predicate verb, apodosis chain (final act of the rite)→ Weqatal: sequential command — the culminating act of worshipחָוָה (H7812), historically parsed as Hitpael of שחה but better a distinct Hishtaphel stem, 'to bow down, prostrate oneself, worship'; the physical gesture that completes the entire firstfruits rite.
לִפְנֵ֖יbeforeprep לְ + N (c) pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase, complement of וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתָפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; the compound preposition 'before', repeated for solemn emphasis.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition לִפְנֵייְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהֶֽיךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God'; the rite ends as it repeatedly names the one before whom it is enacted.
11

וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֣ בְכָל הַטּ֗וֹב אֲשֶׁ֧ר נָֽתַן לְךָ֛ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ וּלְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ אַתָּה֙ וְהַלֵּוִ֔י וְהַגֵּ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ

And you shall rejoice in all the good that YHWH your God has given to you and to your household, you and the Levite and the sojourner who is in your midst.

Apodosis chain continued — joy shared communallyוְ
The rite culminates not in solitary piety but in shared festive joy: the offerer, his household, the landless Levite, and the resident alien all rejoice together in the land's bounty — firstfruits enacted as covenant solidarity, not private devotion.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְשָׂמַחְתָּ֣and you shall rejoiceconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · שָׂמַח (H8055)Predicate verb, apodosis chain (main command)→ Weqatal: sequential command — the festive joy that follows the offeringשָׂמַח (H8055) 'to rejoice'; the emotional register of the pilgrimage-festival, joy grounded in gratitude for the land's produce (cf. Deut 12:7, 12; 16:11, 14).
בְכָלin allprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Locative/instrumental prepositional phrase, complement of וְשָׂמַחְתָּכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; in construct, 'all of the good'.
הַטּ֗וֹבthe goodart + adj ms abs (substantival) · טוֹב (H2896)Genitive complement of כָל (construct)טוֹב (H2896) 'good'; used substantivally, 'the good things, the bounty' YHWH has given.
אֲשֶׁ֧רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הַטּוֹב)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
נָֽתַןhe has givenQal perf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed act — YHWH's past and continuing generosityנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the giving-verb, now the ground of communal rejoicing rather than mere obligation.
לְךָ֛to youprep לְ + 2ms sfx · לְ (l)Indirect object of נָתַןלְ dative preposition with 2ms suffix, 'to you'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of נָתַןיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God'.
וּלְבֵיתֶ֑ךָand to your householdconj וְ + prep לְ + N m sg constr + 2ms sfx · בַּיִת (H1004)Coordinate indirect object of נָתַןבַּיִת (H1004) 'house, household'; extends the blessing (and the rejoicing) beyond the individual to the whole family.
אַתָּה֙youindependent pron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Emphatic resumptive subject, heads the list of celebrantsאַתָּה (H859) 2ms independent pronoun, emphatic; picks up the addressee before listing who joins him in rejoicing.
וְהַלֵּוִ֔יand the Leviteconj וְ + art + gentilic adj ms abs · לֵוִי (H3881)Coordinate with אַתָּה (list of celebrants)לֵוִי (H3881) gentilic 'Levite'; landless and dependent on tithes and communal generosity, yet included among those who rejoice in the harvest.
וְהַגֵּ֖רand the sojournerconj וְ + art + N m sg abs · גֵּר (H1616)Coordinate with אַתָּה (list of celebrants)גֵּר (H1616) 'resident alien, sojourner'; the non-Israelite dependent, repeatedly grouped with the Levite, orphan, and widow as objects of Deuteronomic social concern.
אֲשֶׁ֥רwhorelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הַגֵּר)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָis in your midstprep בְּ + N m sg constr + 2ms sfx · קֶרֶב (H7130)Predicate complement of relative clauseקֶרֶב (H7130) 'midst, interior'; with בְּ, 'in your midst' — the sojourner's social location within the Israelite community.
12

כִּ֣י תְכַלֶּ֞ה לַ֠עְשֵׂר אֶת כָּל מַעְשַׂ֧ר תְּבוּאָתְךָ֛ בַּשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖ת שְׁנַ֣ת הַֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֑ר וְנָתַתָּ֣ה לַלֵּוִ֗י לַגֵּר֙ לַיָּת֣וֹם וְלָֽאַלְמָנָ֔ה וְאָכְל֥וּ בִשְׁעָרֶ֖יךָ וְשָׂבֵֽעוּ

When you have finished tithing all the tithe of your produce in the third year, the year of the tithe, and have given it to the Levite, the sojourner, the orphan, and the widow, so that they may eat within your towns and be satisfied,

Temporal/conditional protasis (new sub-unit: the triennial tithe law)כִּי
A new legal unit opens: the triennial 'third-year' tithe, distinct from the annual tithe, distributed locally to the same quartet of dependents named across Deuteronomy (Levite, sojourner, orphan, widow) — the protasis awaits the declaration-command of v.13.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
כִּ֣יwhenconj · כִּי (H3588)Subordinating conjunction (temporal, opens a new legal unit)כִּי (H3588) here temporal, 'when'; introduces the triennial tithe law.
תְכַלֶּ֞הyou have finishedPiel impf 2ms · כָּלָה (H3615)Predicate verb of temporal clause→ Yiqtol: future/modal — the completion of the tithing processכָּלָה (H3615) Piel 'to finish, complete'; temporal, 'when you finish tithing'.
לַ֠עְשֵׂרtithingprep לְ + Piel inf constr · עָשַׂר (H6237)Complementary infinitive construct, completing תְכַלֶּה→ Infinitive construct: complementary — completes the sense of 'finishing'עָשַׂר (H6237) Piel 'to tithe, take a tenth'; complementary infinitive, 'finish tithing'.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi marking the tithe as definite direct object; untranslated in English.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing מַעְשַׂרכֹּל (H3605) 'all, every'; 'all of the tithe'.
מַעְשַׂ֧רthe tithe ofN m sg constr · מַעֲשֵׂר (H4643)Construct chain (genitival), object of תְכַלֶּה ... לַעְשֵׂרמַעֲשֵׂר (H4643) 'tithe', from עֶשֶׂר 'ten'; the tenth part of produce set aside for the Levite and the poor.
תְּבוּאָתְךָ֛your produceN f sg constr + 2ms sfx · תְּבוּאָה (H8393)Genitive complement of מַעְשַׂר (construct chain)תְּבוּאָה (H8393) 'produce, yield, income', from בּוֹא 'to come in'; the harvest income subject to the tithe.
בַּשָּׁנָ֥הin the yearprep בְּ + art + N f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Temporal prepositional phrase, complement of תְכַלֶּהשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; specifies the timing of this special tithe.
הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖תthe thirdart + ordinal adj fs abs · שְׁלִישִׁי (H7992)Attributive adjective modifying הַשָּׁנָהשְׁלִישִׁי (H7992) ordinal 'third'; the special triennial tithe-year distinct from the annual tithe (cf. Deut 14:28-29).
שְׁנַ֣תthe year ofN f sg constr · שָׁנָה (H8141)Apposition to בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁת, restating in constructשָׁנָה (H8141) 'year'; construct, 'the year of the tithe' — restates and names the triennial cycle.
הַֽמַּעֲשֵׂ֑רthe titheart + N m sg abs · מַעֲשֵׂר (H4643)Genitive complement of שְׁנַת (construct)מַעֲשֵׂר (H4643) 'tithe'; gives the triennial year its technical name, 'the year of the tithe'.
וְנָתַתָּ֣הand you shall giveconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb, apodosis (main command)→ Weqatal: sequential command — distribution of the titheנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the tithe is distributed to the community's landless dependents.
לַלֵּוִ֗יto the Leviteprep לְ + art + gentilic adj ms abs · לֵוִי (H3881)Indirect object of וְנָתַתָּה (first of four)לֵוִי (H3881) 'Levite'; landless, first recipient of the triennial tithe.
לַגֵּר֙to the sojournerprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · גֵּר (H1616)Indirect object of וְנָתַתָּה (second of four)גֵּר (H1616) 'resident alien, sojourner'; second recipient.
לַיָּת֣וֹםto the orphanprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · יָתוֹם (H3490)Indirect object of וְנָתַתָּה (third of four)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'orphan, fatherless'; third of the quartet of dependents (Levite, sojourner, orphan, widow) recurring across Deuteronomy's social legislation.
וְלָֽאַלְמָנָ֔הand to the widowconj וְ + prep לְ + art + N f sg abs · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Indirect object of וְנָתַתָּה (fourth of four)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'widow'; completes the quartet of society's most vulnerable, the standing object of Deuteronomic charity legislation.
וְאָכְל֥וּand they shall eatconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3cp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb, purpose/result clause→ Weqatal: purpose/result — the goal of the tithe-giftאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; the purpose of the gift, sustenance for the landless dependents.
בִשְׁעָרֶ֖יךָwithin your gatesprep בְּ + N (c) pl constr + 2ms sfx · שַׁעַר (H8179)Locative prepositional phrase, complement of וְאָכְלוּשַׁעַר (H8179) 'gate'; idiom for 'within your (local) towns' — unlike the firstfruits, this tithe is eaten locally, not at the central sanctuary.
וְשָׂבֵֽעוּand be satisfiedconj וְ + Qal weqatal 3cp · שָׂבַע (H7646)Predicate verb, purpose/result clause→ Weqatal: purpose/result — completing the goal of adequate sustenanceשָׂבַע (H7646) 'to be satisfied, have enough'; underscores real sufficiency, not token provision, as the law's aim.
13

וְאָמַרְתָּ֡ לִפְנֵי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ בִּעַ֧רְתִּי הַקֹּ֣דֶשׁ מִן הַבַּ֗יִת וְגַ֨ם נְתַתִּ֤יו לַלֵּוִי֙ וְלַגֵּר֙ לַיָּת֣וֹם וְלָאַלְמָנָ֔ה כְּכָל מִצְוָתְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתָ֑נִי לֹֽא עָבַ֥רְתִּי מִמִּצְוֺתֶ֖יךָ וְלֹ֥א שָׁכָֽחְתִּי

And you shall say before YHWH your God, 'I have removed the sacred portion from my house, and moreover I have given it to the Levite, the sojourner, the orphan, and the widow, according to all your commandment that you commanded me. I have not transgressed any of your commandments, nor have I forgotten them.'

Apodosis / declaration formula (negative confession begins)וְ
The offerer's declaration at the sanctuary opens the 'negative confession' (vv.13-14): a solemn first-person claim of full compliance regarding the tithe, structurally akin to oath-declarations of innocence elsewhere in the ancient Near East and in Job 31.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וְאָמַרְתָּ֡and you shall sayconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb, apodosis; introduces direct speech (the negative confession)→ Weqatal: sequential command — introduces the tithe-declarationאָמַר (H559) 'to say'; introduces the formal 'negative confession' that follows.
לִפְנֵי֩beforeprep לְ + N (c) pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Locative prepositional phrase, complement of וְאָמַרְתָּפָּנִים (H6440) 'face'; the compound preposition 'before, in the presence of'.
יְהוָ֨הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Object of preposition לִפְנֵייְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God'.
בִּעַ֧רְתִּיI have removedPiel perf 1cs · בָּעַר II (H1197)Predicate verb, opening claim of the negative confession→ Perfective: a completed act, solemnly claimed as accomplishedבָּעַר II (H1197) Piel 'to remove, clear away, purge' (distinct from בָּעַר I 'to burn'); here of removing the sacred tithe-portion from one's house — the confession's opening claim of full compliance.
הַקֹּ֣דֶשׁthe sacred portionart + N m sg abs · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Direct object of בִּעַרְתִּיקֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness, sacred/consecrated thing'; here the tithe itself, treated as consecrated to YHWH until it is distributed.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Source prepositional phrase, complement of בִּעַרְתִּימִן (H4480) 'from, out of'; source of removal.
הַבַּ֗יִתthe houseart + N m sg abs · בַּיִת (H1004)Object of preposition מִןבַּיִת (H1004) 'house'; the offerer's own household store, now cleared of the sacred portion.
וְגַ֨םand alsoconj וְ + adverb · גַּם (H1571)Adverbial particle (emphatic addition)גַּם (H1571) 'also, even, moreover'; adds emphasis to the claim that follows.
נְתַתִּ֤יוI have given itQal perf 1cs + 3ms sfx · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb, continuing the confession→ Perfective: a completed act, solemnly claimedנָתַן (H5414) 'to give' + 3ms suffix, 'I have given it'; completes the disposal of the tithe to its intended recipients.
לַלֵּוִי֙to the Leviteprep לְ + art + gentilic adj ms abs · לֵוִי (H3881)Indirect object of נְתַתִּיו (first of four)לֵוִי (H3881) 'Levite'; first named recipient, repeating the quartet from v.12.
וְלַגֵּר֙and to the sojournerconj וְ + prep לְ + art + N m sg abs · גֵּר (H1616)Indirect object of נְתַתִּיו (second of four)גֵּר (H1616) 'resident alien, sojourner'; second recipient.
לַיָּת֣וֹםto the orphanprep לְ + art + N m sg abs · יָתוֹם (H3490)Indirect object of נְתַתִּיו (third of four)יָתוֹם (H3490) 'orphan, fatherless'; third recipient.
וְלָאַלְמָנָ֔הand to the widowconj וְ + prep לְ + art + N f sg abs · אַלְמָנָה (H490)Indirect object of נְתַתִּיו (fourth of four)אַלְמָנָה (H490) 'widow'; fourth and final recipient, completing the quartet.
כְּכָלaccording to allprep כְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Adverbial prepositional phrase (standard of conformity)כֹּל (H3605) with כְּ, 'according to all'; introduces the standard of obedience the offerer claims to have met.
מִצְוָתְךָ֖your commandmentN f sg constr + 2ms sfx · מִצְוָה (H4687)Genitive complement of כְּכָל (construct)מִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment'; the specific tithe-instruction referenced.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies מִצְוָתְךָ)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
צִוִּיתָ֑נִיyou commanded mePiel perf 2ms + 1cs sfx · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed act — YHWH's prior command now claimed to be fulfilledצָוָה (H6680) Piel 'to command'; the divine instruction whose fulfillment the offerer now claims.
לֹֽאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates עָבַרְתִּילֹא (H3808) the standard negative particle, negating the finite verb that follows.
עָבַ֥רְתִּיI have transgressedQal perf 1cs · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb, negated (climactic denial)→ Perfective (negated): a decisively denied act — no violation has occurredעָבַר (H5674) 'to cross over, pass by'; here 'transgress, violate' a commandment — the negative confession's first denial.
מִמִּצְוֺתֶ֖יךָany of your commandmentsprep מִן + N f pl constr + 2ms sfx · מִצְוָה (H4687)Partitive prepositional phrase, complement of עָבַרְתִּימִצְוָה (H4687) plural with מִן, 'from your commandments' i.e. 'any of your commandments' — the object of the denied transgression.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates שָׁכָחְתִּילֹא (H3808) negative particle, second denial of the confession.
שָׁכָֽחְתִּיI have forgottenQal perf 1cs · שָׁכַח (H7911)Predicate verb, negated (second denial)→ Perfective (negated): denies passive neglect as well as active violationשָׁכַח (H7911) 'to forget'; completes the negative confession — neither deliberate transgression nor careless neglect.
14

לֹא אָכַ֨לְתִּי בְאֹנִ֜י מִמֶּ֗נּוּ וְלֹא בִעַ֤רְתִּי מִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙ בְּטָמֵ֔א וְלֹא נָתַ֥תִּי מִמֶּ֖נּוּ לְמֵ֑ת שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי בְּקוֹל֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔י עָשִׂ֕יתִי כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתָֽנִי

I have not eaten of it in mourning, or removed any of it while unclean, or offered any of it to the dead. I have listened to the voice of YHWH my God; I have done according to all that you commanded me.

Negative confession continues; pivots to positive affirmationasyndeton
Three more denials (not eaten in mourning, not handled while unclean, not offered to the dead) exclude funerary and impurity misuse of the sacred tithe, before the confession pivots to positive affirmation — hearing and doing YHWH's voice, the classic Deuteronomic pattern of obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
לֹאnotnegative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates אָכַלְתִּי (first of three denials)לֹא (H3808) negative particle, opening the confession's second wave of denials.
אָכַ֨לְתִּיI have eatenQal perf 1cs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb, negated (first denial)→ Perfective (negated): a decisively denied actאָכַל (H398) 'to eat'; first of three denials guarding the tithe's ritual integrity.
בְאֹנִ֜יin mourningprep בְּ + N m sg abs · אוֹן (H205)Adverbial prepositional phrase (state), modifying אָכַלְתִּיאוֹן (H205) 'mourning, sorrow' (distinct from אָוֶן 'wickedness'); mourning customs could render food unfit for sacred use, so the offerer swears it was not eaten in such a state.
מִמֶּ֗נּוּof itprep מִן + 3ms sfx (orthographically identical to 1cp) · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phrase, complement of אָכַלְתִּימִן (H4480) with suffix; the form מִמֶּנּוּ is identical for 3ms 'from it' and 1cp 'from us', but context (referring back to the tithe) requires 'of it'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates בִעַרְתִּי (second denial)לֹא (H3808) negative particle.
בִעַ֤רְתִּיI have removedPiel perf 1cs · בָּעַר II (H1197)Predicate verb, negated (second denial)→ Perfective (negated): a decisively denied actבָּעַר II (H1197) Piel 'to remove, clear away'; second denial — the tithe was not handled/removed while the offerer was ritually unclean.
מִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙of itprep מִן + 3ms sfx (orthographically identical to 1cp) · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phrase, complement of בִעַרְתִּימִן (H4480) with suffix, again 'of it', referring to the tithe.
בְּטָמֵ֔אwhile uncleanprep בְּ + adj ms abs (substantival) · טָמֵא (H2931)Adverbial prepositional phrase (state), modifying בִעַרְתִּיטָמֵא (H2931) 'unclean, impure'; ritual impurity that would disqualify the offerer from handling consecrated food.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + negative particle · לֹא (H3808)Negates נָתַתִּי (third denial)לֹא (H3808) negative particle.
נָתַ֥תִּיI have givenQal perf 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb, negated (third denial)→ Perfective (negated): a decisively denied actנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; third denial — none of the tithe was offered for/to the dead.
מִמֶּ֖נּוּof itprep מִן + 3ms sfx (orthographically identical to 1cp) · מִן (H4480)Partitive prepositional phrase, complement of נָתַתִּימִן (H4480) with suffix, again 'of it'.
לְמֵ֑תto the deadprep לְ + Qal ptc ms abs (substantival) · מוּת (H4191)Indirect object of נָתַתִּי (substantival participle)→ Participle: substantival — 'the dead one', an unnamed deceased personמוּת (H4191) Qal ptc 'dead (one)', substantival; likely rules out funerary food-offerings to or for the deceased, a practice known from surrounding cultures and repudiated here.
שָׁמַ֗עְתִּיI have listenedQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb, positive affirmation (turn from denials)→ Perfective: a completed act — obedient hearing, positively affirmedשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, obey'; shifts the confession from negative denials to positive affirmation — obedience as attentive hearing, the Deuteronomic shema pattern.
בְּקוֹל֙to the voice ofprep בְּ + N (c) sg constr · קוֹל (H6963)Complement of שָׁמַעְתִּי (idiom 'obey the voice of')קוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; שָׁמַע בְּקוֹל is the standard idiom 'to obey'.
יְהוָ֣הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Genitive complement of קוֹל (construct)יְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהָ֔יmy GodN m pl constr + 1cs sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 1cs suffix, 'my God' — the offerer's own personal confession of allegiance.
עָשִׂ֕יתִיI have doneQal perf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb, positive affirmation→ Perfective: a completed act — obedient action, positively affirmedעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do, make'; the positive counterpart completing the confession — hearing followed by doing.
כְּכֹ֖לaccording to allprep כְּ + N m sg abs · כֹּל (H3605)Adverbial prepositional phrase (standard of conformity)כֹּל (H3605) with כְּ, 'according to all'; standard of the obedience claimed.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies כְּכֹל)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
צִוִּיתָֽנִיyou commanded mePiel perf 2ms + 1cs sfx · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed act — the standard against which obedience is measuredצָוָה (H6680) Piel 'to command'; closes the whole declaration by returning to divine command as its measure.
15

הַשְׁקִיפָה֩ מִמְּע֨וֹן קָדְשְׁךָ֜ מִן הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וּבָרֵ֤ךְ אֶֽת עַמְּךָ֙ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֵת֙ הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תָּה לָ֑נוּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁבַּ֨עְתָּ֙ לַאֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ

Look down from your holy dwelling, from heaven, and bless your people Israel and the ground that you have given us, as you swore to our fathers, a land flowing with milk and honey.

Prayer/petition (imperative) — climax of the tithe declarationasyndeton
The negative confession resolves into Deuteronomy's only imperative prayer to God: הַשְׁקִיפָה, 'look down' — a plea from earth to heaven that YHWH bless the people and the land, closing the tithe-declaration with intercession rather than mere self-report.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
הַשְׁקִיפָה֩look downHiphil impv 2ms + paragogic ה · שָׁקַף (H8259)Volitional predicate (imperative petition)→ Volitional: imperative petition — the one imperative addressed to God in all of Deuteronomyשָׁקַף (H8259) Hiphil 'to look down, gaze down' (elsewhere often with hostile or evaluative overtones, e.g. Gen 18:16); here uniquely favorable — the single imperative prayer of the whole book, a plea for YHWH's attentive regard from heaven.
מִמְּע֨וֹןfrom the dwelling ofprep מִן + N (c) sg constr · מָעוֹן (H4583)Source prepositional phrase, complement of הַשְׁקִיפָהמָעוֹן (H4583) 'dwelling, habitation'; here YHWH's heavenly abode, complementing the earthly sanctuary of the rite.
קָדְשְׁךָ֜your holyN m sg constr + 2ms sfx · קֹדֶשׁ (H6944)Genitive complement of מְעוֹן (construct chain)קֹדֶשׁ (H6944) 'holiness' + 2ms suffix, construct 'your holy (dwelling)' — the heavenly counterpart to the earthly holy place named throughout the chapter.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Source prepositional phrase, in apposition to מִמְּעוֹן קָדְשְׁךָמִן (H4480) 'from'; restates the source of the divine gaze.
הַשָּׁמַ֗יִםthe heavensart + N m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Object of preposition מִן, in apposition to מְעוֹן קָדְשְׁךָשָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heavens, sky'; identifies the 'holy dwelling' as heaven itself.
וּבָרֵ֤ךְand blessconj וְ + Piel impv 2ms · בָּרַךְ (H1288)Volitional predicate (imperative petition, coordinate with הַשְׁקִיפָה)→ Volitional: imperative petition — the prayer's central requestבָּרַךְ (H1288) Piel imperative 'bless'; the second half of the one prayer-imperative in Deuteronomy, requesting fruitfulness for people and land.
אֶֽת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi marking עַמְּךָ as definite direct object; untranslated in English.
עַמְּךָ֙your peopleN m sg constr + 2ms sfx · עַם (H5971)Direct object of וּבָרֵךְעַם (H5971) 'people' + 2ms suffix, 'your people' — Israel as YHWH's own possession.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker, in apposition to עַמְּךָאֵת (H853) nota accusativi marking יִשְׂרָאֵל, in apposition to עַמְּךָ; untranslated in English.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelproper N · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Apposition to עַמְּךָיִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'; names the people just called 'your people'.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (second object of וּבָרֵךְ)וְ joins the second object; אֵת marks הָאֲדָמָה as direct object.
הָאֲדָמָ֔הthe groundart + N f sg abs · אֲדָמָה (H127)Direct object of וּבָרֵךְ (second object)אֲדָמָה (H127) 'ground'; the land itself, joined with the people as object of the blessing.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הָאֲדָמָה)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
נָתַ֖תָּהyou have givenQal perf 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed act — the land already given, now the ground of the petition for blessingנָתַן (H5414) 'to give'; the giving-verb recurs one final time, now as basis for asking that the gift flourish.
לָ֑נוּto usprep לְ + 1cp sfx · לְ (l)Indirect object of נָתַתָּהלְ dative preposition with 1cp suffix, 'to us'.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֤רasprep כְּ + relative particle · כַּאֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative subordinating conjunctionכַּאֲשֶׁר, compound of כְּ + אֲשֶׁר, 'just as, according as'; introduces the oath as the precedent for the present petition.
נִשְׁבַּ֨עְתָּ֙you sworeNiphal perf 2ms · שָׁבַע (H7650)Predicate verb of comparative clause→ Perfective: a completed, binding oath — the precedent invoked for the present blessingשָׁבַע (H7650) Niphal 'to swear'; the patriarchal oath cited once more as ground for the current petition.
לַאֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּto our fathersprep לְ + N m pl constr + 1cp sfx · אָב (H1)Indirect object of נִשְׁבַּעְתָּאָב (H1) 'father'; plural with 1cp suffix, 'our fathers', the patriarchs once more.
אֶ֛רֶץa landN (c) sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Apposition to הָאֲדָמָה, head of the fertility formulaאֶרֶץ (H776) 'land'; in apposition, introducing the closing fertility formula.
זָבַ֥תflowing withQal ptc fs constr · זוּב (H2100)Attributive participle (construct), modifying אֶרֶץ→ Participle: durative/characteristic — the land's ongoing fertilityזוּב (H2100) Qal ptc constr 'flowing, gushing'; the fertility formula returns a final time to close the chapter's central prayer.
חָלָ֖בmilkN m sg abs · חָלָב (H2461)Genitive complement of זָבַת (construct)חָלָב (H2461) 'milk'; the pastoral half of the formula.
וּדְבָֽשׁand honeyconj וְ + N m sg abs · דְּבַשׁ (H1706)Genitive complement of זָבַת (second element)דְּבַשׁ (H1706) 'honey'; completes the formula, closing the tithe-declaration on the note of the land's promised fertility.
16

הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ מְצַוְּךָ֧ לַעֲשׂ֛וֹת אֶת הַחֻקִּ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְאֶת הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑ים וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֤ וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ֙ אוֹתָ֔ם בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ֖ וּבְכָל נַפְשֶֽׁךָ

This day YHWH your God commands you to do these statutes and ordinances; you shall keep and do them with all your heart and with all your soul.

New sub-unit begins: the mutual declaration (covenant ratification)asyndeton
The chapter's final movement opens with the 'today' formula (הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה), marking a fresh covenantal moment: YHWH commands obedience 'with all your heart and all your soul' — the same totalizing language as the Shema (Deut 6:5) — setting up the reciprocal declarations of vv. 17-19.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
הַיּ֣וֹםthe dayart + N m sg abs (adverbial) · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time, fronted for emphasisיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; with הַזֶּה, 'this day' — marks a fresh covenantal moment, echoed again in vv.17-18.
הַזֶּ֗הthisart + demonstrative pron ms · זֶה (H2088)Demonstrative modifier of הַיּוֹםזֶה (H2088) 'this'; heightens the immediacy of the command.
יְהוָ֨הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of מְצַוְּךָיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God.
אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God'.
מְצַוְּךָ֧is commanding youPiel ptc ms constr + 2ms sfx · צָוָה (H6680)Predicate participle (main clause)→ Participle: durative present — YHWH's command as an ongoing, present-tense realityצָוָה (H6680) Piel ptc 'commanding' + 2ms suffix; opens the mutual-declaration section's formula, echoed again in v.18 (הֶאֱמִירְךָ).
לַעֲשׂ֛וֹתto doprep לְ + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Object/purpose infinitive construct, complement of מְצַוְּךָ→ Infinitive construct: object/purpose — the content of the commandעָשָׂה (H6213) Qal inf constr 'to do'; names the content of what is commanded.
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker (definite object)אֵת (H853) nota accusativi marking הַחֻקִּים as definite direct object; untranslated in English.
הַחֻקִּ֥יםthe statutesart + N m pl abs · חֹק (H2706)Direct object of לַעֲשׂוֹתחֹק (H2706) 'statute, decree', from חָקַק 'to inscribe, decree'; fixed enactments.
הָאֵ֖לֶּהtheseart + demonstrative pron cp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Demonstrative modifier of הַחֻקִּיםאֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'; points to the body of law just given (or the whole of Deuteronomy).
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Conjunction + direct-object marker (second object)וְ joins the second object; אֵת marks הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים as direct object.
הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֑יםthe ordinancesart + N m pl abs · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Direct object of לַעֲשׂוֹת (second object)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment, ordinance, legal ruling', from שָׁפַט 'to judge'; paired with חֻקִּים as the standard word-pair summing up Deuteronomic law.
וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֤and you shall keepconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb, apodosis (main command)→ Weqatal: sequential command — covenant fidelity as ongoing obligationשָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, guard, observe'; the standard verb for covenant fidelity.
וְעָשִׂ֨יתָ֙and doconj וְ + Qal weqatal 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb, apodosis (main command)→ Weqatal: sequential command — paired with שָׁמַר for total obedienceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'; paired with שָׁמַר, the standard hendiadys 'keep and do' meaning full, faithful obedience.
אוֹתָ֔ם[obj] themobj marker + 3mp sfx · אֵת (H853)Direct object of וְעָשִׂיתָ (resumes חֻקִּים/מִשְׁפָּטִים)אֵת (H853) object marker + 3mp suffix, 'them', resuming הַחֻקִּים ... וְהַמִּשְׁפָּטִים as direct object.
בְּכָלwith allprep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Adverbial prepositional phrase (manner), modifying וְשָׁמַרְתָּ וְעָשִׂיתָכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; in construct, 'with all (your heart)'.
לְבָבְךָ֖your heartN m sg constr + 2ms sfx · לֵבָב (H3824)Genitive complement of כָל (construct)לֵבָב (H3824) 'heart, mind, inner self'; the seat of will and intention in Hebrew anthropology.
וּבְכָלand with allconj וְ + prep בְּ + N m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Adverbial prepositional phrase (manner), coordinate with בְּכָל לְבָבְךָכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; second half of the 'heart and soul' pair.
נַפְשֶֽׁךָyour soulN (c) sg constr + 2ms sfx · נֶפֶשׁ (H5315)Genitive complement of כָל (construct)נֶפֶשׁ (H5315) 'soul, life, self, being'; paired with לֵבָב in the classic 'heart and soul' formula for total devotion (cf. Deut 6:5).
17

אֶת יְהוָ֥ה הֶאֱמַ֖רְתָּ הַיּ֑וֹם לִהְיוֹת֩ לְךָ֨ לֵֽאלֹהִ֜ים וְלָלֶ֣כֶת בִּדְרָכָ֗יו וְלִשְׁמֹ֨ר חֻקָּ֧יו וּמִצְוֺתָ֛יו וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו וְלִשְׁמֹ֥עַ בְּקֹלֽוֹ

You have declared YHWH today to be your God, and to walk in his ways, and to keep his statutes, his commandments, and his ordinances, and to listen to his voice.

Apodosis — first half of the mutual declarationasyndeton
The reciprocal covenant formula begins: 'you have declared YHWH today to be your God' (הֶאֱמַרְתָּ, the rare Hiphil found only here and in v.18) — matched by YHWH's parallel declaration of Israel next. Four infinitives (walk, keep, keep, listen) spell out what loyalty to this newly-avouched God entails.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אֶת[obj]obj marker · אֵת (H853)Direct-object marker, fronted for emphasisאֵת (H853) nota accusativi marking יְהוָה as definite direct object, fronted before its verb for emphasis; untranslated in English.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHproper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Direct object of הֶאֱמַרְתָּ, fronted for emphasisיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God; the object of the offerer's solemn 'declaration'.
הֶאֱמַ֖רְתָּyou have declaredHiphil perf 2ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective (performative): a solemn, formal act of avouchal accomplished in the declaringאָמַר (H559) Hiphil הֶאֱמִיר (found in the Hebrew Bible only here and in v.18) 'to declare, avouch, cause to say'; unlike ordinary Qal אָמַר 'say', this rare hiphil expresses a formal, reciprocal act of designation — 'you have declared YHWH to be your God', matched by YHWH's parallel declaration in v.18. The two hiphil forms constitute a deliberate covenant-ratification formula, the interpretive center of vv. 16-19.
הַיּ֑וֹםtodayart + N m sg abs (adverbial) · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time, modifying הֶאֱמַרְתָּיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; 'today' anchors this act of avouchal to the present covenant-renewal moment, echoing v.16 and v.3.
לִהְיוֹת֩to beprep לְ + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Purpose/content infinitive construct, complement of הֶאֱמַרְתָּ→ Infinitive construct: content/purpose — defines what is avouchedהָיָה (H1961) Qal inf constr 'to be'; defines the content of the declaration: YHWH avouched 'to be your God'.
לְךָ֨to youprep לְ + 2ms sfx · לְ (l)Indirect object of לִהְיוֹתלְ dative preposition with 2ms suffix, 'to/for you' — the beneficiary of the declared relationship.
לֵֽאלֹהִ֜יםas Godprep לְ + N m pl abs (predicate) · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Predicate complement of לִהְיוֹתאֱלֹהִים (H430) with predicating לְ, 'to be God/as God' — completing the covenant-formula 'YHWH to be your God'.
וְלָלֶ֣כֶתand to walkconj וְ + prep לְ + Qal inf constr · הָלַךְ (H3212)Coordinate infinitive construct (first of four defining covenant loyalty)→ Infinitive construct: purpose — the first of four expressions of covenant loyaltyהָלַךְ (H3212, variant construct of H1980) 'to walk, go'; metaphorical for the conduct of life.
בִּדְרָכָ֗יוin his waysprep בְּ + N (c) pl constr + 3ms sfx · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Locative/manner prepositional phrase, complement of וְלָלֶכֶתדֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'way, road, path'; metaphorical for YHWH's manner of life and conduct.
וְלִשְׁמֹ֨רand to keepconj וְ + prep לְ + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַר (H8104)Coordinate infinitive construct (second of four)→ Infinitive construct: purpose — second expression of covenant loyaltyשָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, guard, observe'; second infinitive naming the content of loyalty.
חֻקָּ֧יוhis statutesN m pl constr + 3ms sfx · חֹק (H2706)Direct object of וְלִשְׁמֹר (first of three)חֹק (H2706) 'statute, decree'; first of three legal terms recapitulating v.16.
וּמִצְוֺתָ֛יוand his commandmentsconj וְ + N f pl constr + 3ms sfx · מִצְוָה (H4687)Direct object of וְלִשְׁמֹר (second of three)מִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment'; second legal term.
וּמִשְׁפָּטָ֖יוand his ordinancesconj וְ + N m pl constr + 3ms sfx · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Direct object of וְלִשְׁמֹר (third of three)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'judgment, ordinance'; third and final legal term, completing the triad.
וְלִשְׁמֹ֥עַand to listen toconj וְ + prep לְ + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Coordinate infinitive construct (final of four)→ Infinitive construct: purpose — closes the list with attentive obedienceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'to hear, obey'; final infinitive, closing the loyalty-list with listening obedience.
בְּקֹלֽוֹhis voiceprep בְּ + N (c) sg constr + 3ms sfx · קוֹל (H6963)Complement of וְלִשְׁמֹעַ (idiom 'obey the voice of')קוֹל (H6963) 'voice'; שָׁמַע בְּקוֹל, 'obey the voice of', the idiom completing the four-fold definition of covenant loyalty.
18

וַֽיהוָ֞ה הֶאֱמִֽירְךָ֣ הַיּ֗וֹם לִהְי֥וֹת לוֹ֙ לְעַ֣ם סְגֻלָּ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּר לָ֑ךְ וְלִשְׁמֹ֖ר כָּל מִצְוֺתָֽיו

And YHWH has declared you today to be his treasured people, as he promised you, and to keep all his commandments,

Apodosis — second half of the mutual declaration (reciprocal)וְ
YHWH's answering declaration completes the covenant formula: as Israel avouched YHWH (v.17), so YHWH avouches Israel as his סְגֻלָּה, 'treasured possession'. The reciprocal use of the rare hiphil הֶאֱמִיר in vv.17-18 is the chapter's theological center, portraying election as a bilateral act of mutual declaration.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַֽיהוָ֞הand YHWHconj וְ + proper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Subject of הֶאֱמִירְךָיְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God; subject of the answering declaration.
הֶאֱמִֽירְךָ֣he has declared youHiphil perf 3ms + 2ms sfx · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (main clause)→ Perfective (performative): the reciprocal counterpart to v.17's declaration, accomplished in God's own speakingאָמַר (H559) Hiphil הֶאֱמִיר, 3ms + 2ms suffix, matching v.17's form exactly — the reciprocal half of the covenant formula: as Israel avouched YHWH, so YHWH avouches Israel. This paired, mutual use of the rare hiphil (elsewhere unattested) is the chapter's theological centerpiece: election declared bilaterally, not imposed unilaterally.
הַיּ֗וֹםtodayart + N m sg abs (adverbial) · יוֹם (H3117)Adverbial accusative of time, modifying הֶאֱמִירְךָיוֹם (H3117) 'day'; 'today' matches v.17, binding both declarations to the same covenantal moment.
לִהְי֥וֹתto beprep לְ + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Purpose/content infinitive construct, complement of הֶאֱמִירְךָ→ Infinitive construct: content/purpose — defines what is declaredהָיָה (H1961) Qal inf constr 'to be'; parallels v.17's לִהְיוֹת, now defining Israel's declared status.
לוֹ֙to himprep לְ + 3ms sfx · לְ (l)Indirect object of לִהְיוֹתלְ dative preposition with 3ms suffix, 'to/for him' — Israel belonging to YHWH.
לְעַ֣םas a peopleprep לְ + N m sg constr · עַם (H5971)Predicate complement of לִהְיוֹת (construct chain)עַם (H5971) 'people'; predicate noun, 'to be for a people of...' introducing סְגֻלָּה.
סְגֻלָּ֔הtreasured possessionN f sg abs · סְגֻלָּה (H5459)Genitive complement of עַם (construct chain)סְגֻלָּה (H5459) 'treasured possession, private property'; used of a king's personal treasure (cf. Eccl 2:8) and, theologically, of Israel as YHWH's own prized possession among all peoples (cf. Exod 19:5). The term grounds Israel's election in intimate ownership, not mere utility.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רasprep כְּ + relative particle · כַּאֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative subordinating conjunctionכַּאֲשֶׁר, compound of כְּ + אֲשֶׁר, 'just as'; introduces the prior promise as precedent.
דִּבֶּרhe spokePiel perf 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb of comparative clause→ Perfective: a completed act — the prior promise now being fulfilledדָּבַר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'; here 'promised', recalling YHWH's earlier pledge of Israel's special status (cf. Exod 19:5; Deut 7:6).
לָ֑ךְto youprep לְ + 2ms sfx (pausal לָךְ, orthographically identical to 2fs) · לְ (l)Indirect object of דִּבֶּרלְ dative preposition; as in v.2, OSHB's Sp2fs tag reflects the pausal spelling לָךְ, but the addressee is the male farmer/Israel throughout.
וְלִשְׁמֹ֖רand to keepconj וְ + prep לְ + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַר (H8104)Coordinate infinitive construct (Israel's obligation resumed)→ Infinitive construct: purpose — the covenant obligation matching v.17's own listשָׁמַר (H8104) 'to keep, guard, observe'; the same obligation-verb of v.17, now attached to YHWH's declaration of Israel.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing מִצְוֹתָיוכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; 'all of his commandments'.
מִצְוֺתָֽיוhis commandmentsN f pl constr + 3ms sfx · מִצְוָה (H4687)Genitive complement of כָּל (construct); direct object of וְלִשְׁמֹרמִצְוָה (H4687) 'commandment'; Israel's reciprocal obligation, matching the terms of v.17.
19

וּֽלְתִתְּךָ֣ עֶלְי֗וֹן עַ֤ל כָּל הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה לִתְהִלָּ֖ה וּלְשֵׁ֣ם וּלְתִפְאָ֑רֶת וְלִֽהְיֹתְךָ֧ עַם קָדֹ֛שׁ לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר

and to set you high above all the nations that he has made, in praise, in name, and in glory, and that you may be a holy people to YHWH your God, as he has spoken.

Apodosis — purpose/result of the mutual declaration; chapter's closing benedictionוְ
The chapter ends where covenant theology aims: not mere obligation but exaltation — Israel set high above the nations in praise, name, and glory, consecrated as 'a holy people to YHWH your God, as he has spoken.' The infinitive chain begun in v.17 (to be, to walk, to keep, to listen, to be set high, to be holy) concludes with the telos of election itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וּֽלְתִתְּךָ֣and to set youconj וְ + prep לְ + Qal inf constr + 2ms sfx · נָתַן (H5414)Coordinate infinitive construct, continuing the chain from vv.17-18→ Infinitive construct: purpose/result — names the outcome of the covenant declarationנָתַן (H5414) Qal inf constr + 2ms suffix, idiomatic 'to set/place you (high)'; continues the infinitive chain, now naming the exalted outcome of election.
עֶלְי֗וֹןhighadj ms abs (predicate) · עֶלְיוֹן (H5945)Predicate adjective/adverbial complement of וּלְתִתְּךָעֶלְיוֹן (H5945) 'high, uppermost, supreme'; the same root elsewhere serves as a divine epithet ('Most High'), here transferring exalted status to Israel above the nations.
עַ֤לaboveprep · עַל (H5921)Comparative prepositional phrase, complement of עֶלְיוֹןעַל (H5921) 'upon, above'; marks the nations as the standard of comparison for Israel's exaltation.
כָּלallN m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Construct governing הַגּוֹיִםכֹּל (H3605) 'all'; 'all the nations'.
הַגּוֹיִם֙the nationsart + N m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Genitive complement of כָּל (construct); object of preposition עַלגּוֹי (H1471) 'nation'; the other peoples above whom Israel is set.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrelative particle · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Relative clause marker (modifies הַגּוֹיִם)אֲשֶׁר (H834) invariable relative particle 'who, which, that'.
עָשָׂ֔הhe has madeQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb of relative clause→ Perfective: a completed act — YHWH's establishment of the nationsעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to make'; here of YHWH's creation/establishment of the nations, all subordinate to his sovereignty over Israel's exaltation.
לִתְהִלָּ֖הfor praiseprep לְ + N f sg abs · תְּהִלָּה (H8416)Adverbial prepositional phrase (purpose/result), complement of וּלְתִתְּךָתְּהִלָּה (H8416) 'praise'; first of three purpose-nouns describing Israel's elevated status among the nations.
וּלְשֵׁ֣םand for nameconj וְ + prep לְ + N m sg abs · שֵׁם (H8034)Adverbial prepositional phrase (purpose/result), coordinate with לִתְהִלָּהשֵׁם (H8034) 'name'; here 'renown, fame' — second purpose-noun.
וּלְתִפְאָ֑רֶתand for gloryconj וְ + prep לְ + N f sg abs · תִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597)Adverbial prepositional phrase (purpose/result), coordinate with the previous twoתִּפְאֶרֶת (H8597) 'beauty, glory, splendor'; third purpose-noun, completing the triad praise/name/glory.
וְלִֽהְיֹתְךָ֧and that you may beconj וְ + prep לְ + Qal inf constr + 2ms sfx · הָיָה (H1961)Coordinate infinitive construct, final of the chain begun in v.17→ Infinitive construct: purpose/result — the telos of the whole covenant declarationהָיָה (H1961) Qal inf constr + 2ms suffix; the final infinitive of the chain (be, walk, keep, listen, be set high, be holy), naming the ultimate purpose of election: a holy people.
עַםa peopleN m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Predicate complement of וְלִהְיֹתְךָעַם (H5971) 'people'; predicate noun completed by the following adjective קָדוֹשׁ.
קָדֹ֛שׁholyadj ms abs · קָדוֹשׁ (H6918)Attributive adjective modifying עַםקָדוֹשׁ (H6918) 'holy, set apart'; completing 'a holy people' — Israel's consecrated status as the covenant's crowning term.
לַיהוָ֥הto YHWHprep לְ + proper N · יְהוָה (H3068)Complement of עַם קָדֹשׁ ('holy people belonging to')יְהוָה (H3068), the covenant name of Israel's God; 'to YHWH' marks whose holy people Israel is.
אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָyour GodN m pl constr + 2ms sfx · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Apposition to יְהוָהאֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'; construct + 2ms suffix, 'your God' — the chapter's final naming of the covenant relationship.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֥רasprep כְּ + relative particle · כַּאֲשֶׁר (H834)Comparative subordinating conjunctionכַּאֲשֶׁר, compound of כְּ + אֲשֶׁר, 'just as'; grounds the whole declaration in YHWH's prior word.
דִּבֵּֽרhe has spokenPiel perf 3ms · דָּבַר (H1696)Predicate verb of comparative clause, closing the chapter→ Perfective: a completed act — YHWH's own prior word as the final ground of everything declaredדָּבַר (H1696) Piel 'to speak'; closes the chapter (and the mutual-declaration unit) by grounding Israel's exalted, holy status in YHWH's own prior promise.