Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Second Book of Samuel, Chapter 22שמואל ב 22

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

2 Samuel 22 (51 verses in the MT) opens: And David spake to YHWH the words of this song in the day YHWH had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul: The middle of the chapter continues: With the merciful you will shew thyself merciful, with the upright man you will shew thyself upright. It closes: the tower of salvation for his king: and sheweth mercy to his anointed, to David, and to his seed for evermore.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 2 Samuel 22 comprises 51 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-11) — And David spake to YHWH the words of this song in the day YHWH had deliv. And David spake to YHWH the words of this song in the day YHWH had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul: And he said, YHWH my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; The God of my rock; in him will I trust: my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; you savest me from. Movement II (vv. 12-22) — And he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, thick cloud. And he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, thick clouds of the skies. Through the brightness before him were coals of fire kindled. YHWH thundered from heaven, and the most High uttered his voice. And he sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and discomfited them. And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world. Movement III (vv. 23-33) — For all his judgments before me: and his statutes, I did not depart from. For all his judgments before me: and his statutes, I did not depart from them. I was also upright before him, and have kept myself from mine iniquity. Therefore YHWH has recompensed me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness in his eye sight. With the merciful you will shew thyself merciful, with the upright man you will shew thyself. Movement IV (vv. 34-44) — He maketh my feet like hinds' : and setteth me upon my high places. He maketh my feet like hinds' : and setteth me upon my high places. He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms. You have also given me the shield of your salvation: and your gentleness has made me great. You have enlarged my steps under me; so that my feet did not slip. I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; and. Movement V (vv. 45-51) — Strangers shall submit themselves to me: as soon as they hear, they shal. Strangers shall submit themselves to me: as soon as they hear, they shall be obedient to me. Strangers shall fade away, and they shall be afraid out of their close places. YHWH liveth; and blessed my rock; and exalted be the God of the rock of my salvation. It God that avengeth me, and that bringeth down the people under me, And that bringeth me forth from. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר דָּוִד֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה אֶת דִּבְרֵ֖י הַשִּׁירָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את בְּיוֹם֩ הִצִּ֨יל יְהוָ֥ה אֹת֛וֹ מִכַּ֥ף כָּל אֹיְבָ֖יו וּמִכַּ֥ף שָׁאֽוּל

And David spake to YHWH the words of this song in the day YHWH had delivered him out of the hand of all his enemies, and out of the hand of Saul:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he spoke'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיְדַבֵּ֤רand he spokeconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'and he spoke'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לַֽיהוָ֔הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דִּבְרֵ֖יthe words ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the words of'.
הַשִּׁירָ֣הthe songart + N com c sg abs · שִׁירָה (H7892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁירָה (H7892) 'the song'.
הַזֹּ֑אתthisart + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
בְּיוֹם֩on the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הִצִּ֨ילhas deliveredHiphil perf 3ms · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָצַל (H5337) 'has delivered'.
יְהוָ֥הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֹת֛וֹhimobj marker + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'him'.
מִכַּ֥ףfrom the sole ofprep + N com f sg constr · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'from the sole of'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֹיְבָ֖יוhis enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 3ms · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'his enemies'.
וּמִכַּ֥ףa pan ofconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr · כַּף (H3709)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כַּף (H3709) 'a pan of'.
שָׁאֽוּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
2

וַיֹּאמַ֑ר יְהוָ֛ה סַֽלְעִ֥י וּמְצֻדָתִ֖י וּמְפַלְטִי לִֽי

And he said, YHWH my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיֹּאמַ֑רand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
סַֽלְעִ֥יthe rockN c · סֶלַע (H5553)Construct chain (genitival)סֶלַע (H5553) 'the rock'.
וּמְצֻדָתִ֖יand his netconj וְ + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · מְצוּדָה (H4686)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְצוּדָה (H4686) 'and his net'.
וּמְפַלְטִיandconj וְ + Piel ptc ms + sfx 1cs · פָּלַט (H6403)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorפָּלַט (H6403) 'and'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
3

אֱלֹהֵ֥י צוּרִ֖י אֶחֱסֶה בּ֑וֹ מָגִנִּ֞י וְקֶ֣רֶן יִשְׁעִ֗י מִשְׂגַּבִּי֙ וּמְנוּסִ֔י מֹשִׁעִ֕י מֵחָמָ֖ס תֹּשִׁעֵֽנִי

The God of my rock; in him will I trust: my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower, and my refuge, my saviour; you savest me from violence.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'in which they took refuge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
אֱלֹהֵ֥יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
צוּרִ֖יthe rockN c · צוּר (H6697)Construct chain (genitival)צוּר (H6697) 'the rock'.
אֶחֱסֶהin which they took refugeQal impf 1cs · חָסָה (H2620)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָסָה (H2620) 'in which they took refuge'.
בּ֑וֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
מָגִנִּ֞יthe shield ofN c · מָגֵן (H4043)Construct chain (genitival)מָגֵן (H4043) 'the shield of'.
וְקֶ֣רֶןits hornsconj וְ + N com c sg constr · קֶרֶן (H7161)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶרֶן (H7161) 'its horns'.
יִשְׁעִ֗יsafetyN c · יֶשַׁע (H3468)Construct chain (genitival)יֶשַׁע (H3468) 'safety'.
מִשְׂגַּבִּי֙defenceN c · מִשְׂגָּב (H4869)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׂגָּב (H4869) 'defence'.
וּמְנוּסִ֔יandconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · מָנוֹס (H4498)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָנוֹס (H4498) 'and'.
מֹשִׁעִ֕יone to saveHiphil ptc ms + sfx 1cs · יָשַׁע (H3467)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
מֵחָמָ֖סviolenceprep + N com m sg abs · חָמָס (H2555)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
תֹּשִׁעֵֽנִיone to saveHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
4

מְהֻלָּ֖ל אֶקְרָ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וּמֵאֹיְבַ֖י אִוָּשֵֽׁעַ

I will call on YHWH, worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and they praised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
מְהֻלָּ֖לand they praisedPual ptc ms · הָלַל (H1984)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַל (H1984) 'and they praised'.
אֶקְרָ֣אI proclaimQal impf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'I proclaim'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּמֵאֹיְבַ֖יyour enemiesconj וְ + prep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
אִוָּשֵֽׁעַone to saveN · יָשַׁע (H3467)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
5

כִּ֥י אֲפָפֻ֖נִי מִשְׁבְּרֵי מָ֑וֶת נַחֲלֵ֥י בְלִיַּ֖עַל יְבַעֲתֻֽנִי

When the waves of death compassed me, the floods of ungodly men made me afraid;

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'compass'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אֲפָפֻ֖נִיcompassQal perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · אָפַף (H661)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָפַף (H661) 'compass'.
מִשְׁבְּרֵיbillowN c · מִשְׁבָּר (H4867)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁבָּר (H4867) 'billow'.
מָ֑וֶתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
נַחֲלֵ֥יof streams ofN c · נַחַל (H5158)Construct chain (genitival)נַחַל (H5158) 'of streams of'.
בְלִיַּ֖עַלworthlessnessN c · בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100)Construct chain (genitival)בְּלִיַּעַל (H1100) 'worthlessness'.
יְבַעֲתֻֽנִיandPiel impf 3mp + sfx 1cs · בָּעַת (H1204)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבָּעַת (H1204) 'and'.
6

חֶבְלֵ֥י שְׁא֖וֹל סַבֻּ֑נִי קִדְּמֻ֖נִי מֹֽקְשֵׁי מָֽוֶת

The sorrows of hell compassed me about; the snares of death prevented me;

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and they marched around'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
חֶבְלֵ֥יthe portions ofN c · חֶבֶל (H2256)Construct chain (genitival)חֶבֶל (H2256) 'the portions of'.
שְׁא֖וֹלSheolN · שְׁאוֹל (H7585)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁאוֹל (H7585) 'Sheol'.
סַבֻּ֑נִיand they marched aroundQal perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actסָבַב (H5437) 'and they marched around'.
קִדְּמֻ֖נִיthey metPiel perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · קָדַם (H6923)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָדַם (H6923) 'they met'.
מֹֽקְשֵׁיa snareN c · מוֹקֵשׁ (H4170)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹקֵשׁ (H4170) 'a snare'.
מָֽוֶתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
7

בַּצַּר לִי֙ אֶקְרָ֣א יְהוָ֔ה וְאֶל אֱלֹהַ֖י אֶקְרָ֑א וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע מֵהֵֽיכָלוֹ֙ קוֹלִ֔י וְשַׁוְעָתִ֖י בְּאָזְנָֽיו

In my distress I called upon YHWH, and cried to my God: and he did hear my voice out of his temple, and my cry into his ears.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I proclaim'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
בַּצַּרwhen in distressprep + art + Adj · צַר (H6862)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צַר (H6862) 'when in distress'.
לִי֙to meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
אֶקְרָ֣אI proclaimQal impf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'I proclaim'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְאֶלand toconj וְ + prep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'and to'.
אֱלֹהַ֖יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
אֶקְרָ֑אI proclaimQal impf 1cs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָרָא (H7121) 'I proclaim'.
וַיִּשְׁמַ֤עand he heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
מֵהֵֽיכָלוֹ֙palaceprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · הֵיכָל (H1964)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵיכָל (H1964) 'palace'.
קוֹלִ֔יmy voiceN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'my voice'.
וְשַׁוְעָתִ֖יtheir cryconj וְ + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · שַׁוְעָה (H7775)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שַׁוְעָה (H7775) 'their cry'.
בְּאָזְנָֽיוin the ears ofprep + N com f du constr + sfx 3ms · אֹזֶן (H241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֹזֶן (H241) 'in the ears of'.
8

ותגעש וַיִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁ וַתִּרְעַשׁ֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ מוֹסְד֥וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם יִרְגָּ֑זוּ וַיִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּ כִּֽי חָ֥רָה לֽוֹ

Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of heaven moved and shook, because he was wroth.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ותגעשandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · גָּעַשׁ (H1607)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּעַשׁ (H1607) 'and'.
וַיִּתְגָּעַ֤שׁandconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · גָּעַשׁ (H1607)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּעַשׁ (H1607) 'and'.
וַתִּרְעַשׁ֙shookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · רָעַשׁ (H7493)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָעַשׁ (H7493) 'shook'.
הָאָ֔רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
מוֹסְד֥וֹתthe foundations ofN c · מוֹסָד (H4146)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹסָד (H4146) 'the foundations of'.
הַשָּׁמַ֖יִםthe heavensart + N com m pl abs · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'the heavens'.
יִרְגָּ֑זוּand shall trembleQal impf 3mp · רָגַז (H7264)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָגַז (H7264) 'and shall tremble'.
וַיִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּandconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3mp · גָּעַשׁ (H1607)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּעַשׁ (H1607) 'and'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
חָ֥רָהhas it burnedQal perf 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָרָה (H2734) 'has it burned'.
לֽוֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
9

עָלָ֤ה עָשָׁן֙ בְּאַפּ֔וֹ וְאֵ֥שׁ מִפִּ֖יו תֹּאכֵ֑ל גֶּחָלִ֖ים בָּעֲר֥וּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ

There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'go up'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
עָלָ֤הgo upQal perf 3ms · עָלָה (H5927)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלָה (H5927) 'go up'.
עָשָׁן֙smoke ofN c · עָשָׁן (H6227)Construct chain (genitival)עָשָׁן (H6227) 'smoke of'.
בְּאַפּ֔וֹin his angerprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · אַף (H639)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַף (H639) 'in his anger'.
וְאֵ֥שׁand fireconj וְ + N com c sg abs · אֵשׁ (H784)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשׁ (H784) 'and fire'.
מִפִּ֖יוfrom his mouthprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · פֶּה (H6310)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פֶּה (H6310) 'from his mouth'.
תֹּאכֵ֑לyou shall eatQal impf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
גֶּחָלִ֖יםcoals ofN c · גַּחֶלֶת (H1513)Construct chain (genitival)גַּחֶלֶת (H1513) 'coals of'.
בָּעֲר֥וּso you shall purgeQal perf 3cp · בָּעַר (H1197)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּעַר (H1197) 'so you shall purge'.
מִמֶּֽנּוּfrom itprep + sfx 3ms · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from it'.
10

וַיֵּ֥ט שָׁמַ֖יִם וַיֵּרַ֑ד וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל תַּ֥חַת רַגְלָֽיו

He bowed the heavens also, and came down; and darkness under his feet.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he stretched out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיֵּ֥טand he stretched outconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָטָה (H5186)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָטָה (H5186) 'and he stretched out'.
שָׁמַ֖יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
וַיֵּרַ֑דand went downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · יָרַד (H3381)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
וַעֲרָפֶ֖לand thick darknessconj וְ + N com m sg abs · עֲרָפֶל (H6205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֲרָפֶל (H6205) 'and thick darkness'.
תַּ֥חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
רַגְלָֽיוhis feetN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'his feet'.
11

וַיִּרְכַּ֥ב עַל כְּר֖וּב וַיָּעֹ֑ף וַיֵּרָ֖א עַל כַּנְפֵי רֽוּחַ

And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: and he was seen upon the wings of the wind.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he had him ride'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיִּרְכַּ֥בand he had him rideconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָכַב (H7392)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָכַב (H7392) 'and he had him ride'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כְּר֖וּבone cherubN c · כְּרוּב (H3742)Construct chain (genitival)כְּרוּב (H3742) 'one cherub'.
וַיָּעֹ֑ףand exhaustedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · עוּף (H5774)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעוּף (H5774) 'and exhausted'.
וַיֵּרָ֖אand he sawconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כַּנְפֵיwings ofN c · כָּנָף (H3671)Construct chain (genitival)כָּנָף (H3671) 'wings of'.
רֽוּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
12

וַיָּ֥שֶׁת חֹ֛שֶׁךְ סְבִיבֹתָ֖יו סֻכּ֑וֹת חַֽשְׁרַת מַ֖יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים

And he made darkness pavilions round about him, dark waters, thick clouds of the skies.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he set apart'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיָּ֥שֶׁתand he set apartconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שִׁית (H7896)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׁית (H7896) 'and he set apart'.
חֹ֛שֶׁךְdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
סְבִיבֹתָ֖יוall aroundN c · סָבִיב (H5439)Construct chain (genitival)סָבִיב (H5439) 'all around'.
סֻכּ֑וֹתin boothsN c · סֻכָּה (H5521)Construct chain (genitival)סֻכָּה (H5521) 'in booths'.
חַֽשְׁרַתdarkN c · חַשְׁרָה (H2841)Construct chain (genitival)חַשְׁרָה (H2841) 'dark'.
מַ֖יִםwaterN c · מַיִם (H4325)Construct chain (genitival)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
עָבֵ֥יin the thickness ofN c · עָב (H5645)Construct chain (genitival)עָב (H5645) 'in the thickness of'.
שְׁחָקִֽיםthe cloudsN c · שַׁחַק (H7834)Construct chain (genitival)שַׁחַק (H7834) 'the clouds'.
13

מִנֹּ֖גַהּ נֶגְדּ֑וֹ בָּעֲר֖וּ גַּחֲלֵי אֵֽשׁ

Through the brightness before him were coals of fire kindled.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'so you shall purge'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
מִנֹּ֖גַהּfromprep + N com f sg abs · נֹגַהּ (H5051)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נֹגַהּ (H5051) 'from'.
נֶגְדּ֑וֹstraight before himprep + sfx 3ms · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'straight before him'.
בָּעֲר֖וּso you shall purgeQal perf 3cp · בָּעַר (H1197)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּעַר (H1197) 'so you shall purge'.
גַּחֲלֵיcoals ofN c · גַּחֶלֶת (H1513)Construct chain (genitival)גַּחֶלֶת (H1513) 'coals of'.
אֵֽשׁfireN c · אֵשׁ (H784)Construct chain (genitival)אֵשׁ (H784) 'fire'.
14

יַרְעֵ֥ם מִן שָׁמַ֖יִם יְהוָ֑ה וְעֶלְי֖וֹן יִתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֽוֹ

YHWH thundered from heaven, and the most High uttered his voice.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'make to fret'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יַרְעֵ֥םmake to fretHiphil impf 3ms · רָעַם (H7481)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָעַם (H7481) 'make to fret'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
שָׁמַ֖יִםheavenN c · שָׁמַיִם (H8064)Construct chain (genitival)שָׁמַיִם (H8064) 'heaven'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְעֶלְי֖וֹןMost Highconj וְ + Adj · עֶלְיוֹן (H5945)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶלְיוֹן (H5945) 'Most High'.
יִתֵּ֥ןwould giveQal impf 3ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָתַן (H5414) 'would give'.
קוֹלֽוֹits soundN c · קוֹל (H6963)Construct chain (genitival)קוֹל (H6963) 'its sound'.
15

וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח חִצִּ֖ים וַיְפִיצֵ֑ם בָּרָ֖ק ויהמם וַיָּהֹֽם

And he sent out arrows, and scattered them; lightning, and discomfited them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֥חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
חִצִּ֖יםarrowsN c · חֵץ (H2671)Construct chain (genitival)חֵץ (H2671) 'arrows'.
וַיְפִיצֵ֑םand let be scatteredconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · פוּץ (H6327)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפוּץ (H6327) 'and let be scattered'.
בָּרָ֖קthe flash ofN c · בָּרָק (H1300)Construct chain (genitival)בָּרָק (H1300) 'the flash of'.
ויהמםand he threw them into confusionconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3mp · הָמַם (H2000)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָמַם (H2000) 'and he threw them into confusion'.
וַיָּהֹֽםand threw into confusionconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הָמַם (H2000)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָמַם (H2000) 'and threw into confusion'.
16

וַיֵּֽרָאוּ֙ אֲפִ֣קֵי יָ֔ם יִגָּל֖וּ מֹסְד֣וֹת תֵּבֵ֑ל בְּגַעֲרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה מִנִּשְׁמַ֖ת ר֥וּחַ אַפּֽוֹ

And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world were discovered, at the rebuking of YHWH, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיֵּֽרָאוּ֙and they sawconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and they saw'.
אֲפִ֣קֵיbrookN c · אָפִיק (H650)Construct chain (genitival)אָפִיק (H650) 'brook'.
יָ֔םsea ofN c · יָם (H3220)Construct chain (genitival)יָם (H3220) 'sea of'.
יִגָּל֖וּshall you uncoverN · גָּלָה (H1540)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גָּלָה (H1540) 'shall you uncover'.
מֹסְד֣וֹתthe foundations ofN c · מוֹסָד (H4146)Construct chain (genitival)מוֹסָד (H4146) 'the foundations of'.
תֵּבֵ֑לhabitable partN c · תֵּבֵל (H8398)Construct chain (genitival)תֵּבֵל (H8398) 'habitable part'.
בְּגַעֲרַ֣תinprep + N com f sg constr · גְּעָרָה (H1606)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גְּעָרָה (H1606) 'in'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִנִּשְׁמַ֖תbreathing thingprep + N com f sg constr · נְשָׁמָה (H5397)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נְשָׁמָה (H5397) 'breathing thing'.
ר֥וּחַa spirit ofN c · רוּחַ (H7307)Construct chain (genitival)רוּחַ (H7307) 'a spirit of'.
אַפּֽוֹhis angerN c · אַף (H639)Construct chain (genitival)אַף (H639) 'his anger'.
17

יִשְׁלַ֥ח מִמָּר֖וֹם יִקָּחֵ֑נִי יַֽמְשֵׁ֖נִי מִמַּ֥יִם רַבִּֽים

He sent from above, he took me; he drew me out of many waters;

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he will send'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
יִשְׁלַ֥חhe will sendQal impf 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַח (H7971) 'he will send'.
מִמָּר֖וֹםthe heights ofprep + N com m sg abs · מָרוֹם (H4791)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָרוֹם (H4791) 'the heights of'.
יִקָּחֵ֑נִיand he tookQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
יַֽמְשֵׁ֖נִיI drew him outHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · מָשָׁה (H4871)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמָשָׁה (H4871) 'I drew him out'.
מִמַּ֥יִםwaterprep + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'water'.
רַבִּֽיםmanyAdj · רַב (H7227)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַב (H7227) 'many'.
18

יַצִּילֵ֕נִי מֵאֹיְבִ֖י עָ֑ז מִשֹּׂ֣נְאַ֔י כִּ֥י אָמְצ֖וּ מִמֶּֽנִּי

He delivered me from my strong enemy, from them that hated me: for they were too strong for me.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'has delivered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יַצִּילֵ֕נִיhas deliveredHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצַל (H5337) 'has delivered'.
מֵאֹיְבִ֖יyour enemiesprep + Qal ptc ms + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
עָ֑זstrongAdj · עַז (H5794)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַז (H5794) 'strong'.
מִשֹּׂ֣נְאַ֔יhatingprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָמְצ֖וּand be courageousQal perf 3cp · אָמַץ (H553)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַץ (H553) 'and be courageous'.
מִמֶּֽנִּיfrom meprep + sfx 1cs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from me'.
19

יְקַדְּמֻ֖נִי בְּי֣וֹם אֵידִ֑י וַיְהִ֧י יְהוָ֛ה מִשְׁעָ֖ן לִֽי

They prevented me in the day of my calamity: but YHWH was my stay.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'they met'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יְקַדְּמֻ֖נִיthey metPiel impf 3mp + sfx 1cs · קָדַם (H6923)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקָדַם (H6923) 'they met'.
בְּי֣וֹםon the dayprep + N com m sg constr · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
אֵידִ֑יtheir calamityN c · אֵיד (H343)Construct chain (genitival)אֵיד (H343) 'their calamity'.
וַיְהִ֧יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
מִשְׁעָ֖ןstayN c · מִשְׁעֵן (H4937)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁעֵן (H4937) 'stay'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
20

וַיֹּצֵ֥א לַמֶּרְחָ֖ב אֹתִ֑י יְחַלְּצֵ֖נִי כִּי חָ֥פֵֽץ בִּֽי

He brought me forth also into a large place: he delivered me, because he delighted in me.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיֹּצֵ֥אand he went outconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
לַמֶּרְחָ֖בtoprep + art + N com m sg abs · מֶרְחָב (H4800)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶרְחָב (H4800) 'to'.
אֹתִ֑יmeobj marker + sfx 1cs · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'me'.
יְחַלְּצֵ֖נִיarmedPiel impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · חָלַץ (H2502)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָלַץ (H2502) 'armed'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
חָ֥פֵֽץhe delightedQal perf 3ms · חָפֵץ (H2654)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָפֵץ (H2654) 'he delighted'.
בִּֽיagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
21

יִגְמְלֵ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה כְּצִדְקָתִ֑י כְּבֹ֥ר יָדַ֖י יָשִׁ֥יב לִֽי

YHWH rewarded me according to my righteousness: according to the cleanness of my hands has he recompensed me.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'do you repay'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יִגְמְלֵ֥נִיdo you repayQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · גָּמַל (H1580)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalגָּמַל (H1580) 'do you repay'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כְּצִדְקָתִ֑יrighteousnessprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · צְדָקָה (H6666)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'righteousness'.
כְּבֹ֥רas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · בֹּר (H1252)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּר (H1252) 'as / like'.
יָדַ֖יmy handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
יָשִׁ֥יבhe shall refundHiphil impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'he shall refund'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
22

כִּ֥י שָׁמַ֖רְתִּי דַּרְכֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א רָשַׁ֖עְתִּי מֵאֱלֹהָֽי

For I have kept the ways of YHWH, and have not wickedly departed from my God.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'and you shall keep'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
שָׁמַ֖רְתִּיand you shall keepQal perf 1cs · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
דַּרְכֵ֣יmy wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
רָשַׁ֖עְתִּיand they condemnQal perf 1cs · רָשַׁע (H7561)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actרָשַׁע (H7561) 'and they condemn'.
מֵאֱלֹהָֽיfrom the gods ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'from the gods of'.
23

כִּ֥י כָל משפטו מִשְׁפָּטָ֖יו לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וְחֻקֹּתָ֖יו לֹא אָס֥וּר מִמֶּֽנָּה

For all his judgments before me: and his statutes, I did not depart from them.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'will I turn aside'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
משפטוas prescribedN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'as prescribed'.
מִשְׁפָּטָ֖יוits ordinancesN c · מִשְׁפָּט (H4941)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁפָּט (H4941) 'its ordinances'.
לְנֶגְדִּ֑יbefore meprep + prep + sfx 1cs · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'before me'.
וְחֻקֹּתָ֖יוand his statutesconj וְ + N com c pl constr + sfx 3ms · חֻקָּה (H2708)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֻקָּה (H2708) 'and his statutes'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
אָס֥וּרwill I turn asideQal impf 1cs · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסוּר (H5493) 'will I turn aside'.
מִמֶּֽנָּהof one piece with itprep + sfx 3fs · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'of one piece with it'.
24

וָאֶהְיֶ֥ה תָמִ֖ים ל֑וֹ וָאֶשְׁתַּמְּרָ֖ה מֵעֲוֺנִֽי

I was also upright before him, and have kept myself from mine iniquity.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and I will be'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
וָאֶהְיֶ֥הand I will beconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and I will be'.
תָמִ֖יםwithout blemishAdj · תָּמִים (H8549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8549) 'without blemish'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וָאֶשְׁתַּמְּרָ֖הand you shall keepconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 1cs + Sh · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
מֵעֲוֺנִֽיthe iniquity ofprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 1cs · עָוֹן (H5771)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָוֹן (H5771) 'the iniquity of'.
25

וַיָּ֧שֶׁב יְהוָ֛ה לִ֖י כְּצִדְקָתִ֑י כְּבֹרִ֖י לְנֶ֥גֶד עֵינָֽיו

Therefore YHWH has recompensed me according to my righteousness; according to my cleanness in his eye sight.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he returned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וַיָּ֧שֶׁבand he returnedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לִ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
כְּצִדְקָתִ֑יrighteousnessprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 1cs · צְדָקָה (H6666)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צְדָקָה (H6666) 'righteousness'.
כְּבֹרִ֖יas / likeprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cs · בֹּר (H1252)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֹּר (H1252) 'as / like'.
לְנֶ֥גֶדat a distanceprep + prep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'at a distance'.
עֵינָֽיוhis eyesN c · עַיִן (H5869)Construct chain (genitival)עַיִן (H5869) 'his eyes'.
26

עִם חָסִ֖יד תִּתְחַסָּ֑ד עִם גִּבּ֥וֹר תָּמִ֖ים תִּתַּמָּֽם

With the merciful you will shew thyself merciful, with the upright man you will shew thyself upright.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'shew self merciful'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
חָסִ֖ידyour loyal oneAdj · חָסִיד (H2623)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָסִיד (H2623) 'your loyal one'.
תִּתְחַסָּ֑דshew self mercifulHithpael impf 2ms · חָסַד (H2616)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָסַד (H2616) 'shew self merciful'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
גִּבּ֥וֹרmightyAdj · גִּבּוֹר (H1368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּבּוֹר (H1368) 'mighty'.
תָּמִ֖יםwithout blemishAdj · תָּמִים (H8549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8549) 'without blemish'.
תִּתַּמָּֽםhad finishedHithpael impf 2ms · תָּמַם (H8552)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalתָּמַם (H8552) 'had finished'.
27

עִם נָבָ֖ר תִּתָּבָ֑ר וְעִם עִקֵּ֖שׁ תִּתַּפָּֽל

With the pure you will shew thyself pure; and with the froward you will shew thyself unsavoury.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I have wrestled'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
נָבָ֖רmake brightN · בָּרַר (H1305)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּרַר (H1305) 'make bright'.
תִּתָּבָ֑רmake brightN · בָּרַר (H1305)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּרַר (H1305) 'make bright'.
וְעִםand withconj וְ + prep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'and with'.
עִקֵּ֖שׁcrookedAdj · עִקֵּשׁ (H6141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִקֵּשׁ (H6141) 'crooked'.
תִּתַּפָּֽלI have wrestledHithpael impf 2ms · פָּתַל (H6617)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalפָּתַל (H6617) 'I have wrestled'.
28

וְאֶת עַ֥ם עָנִ֖י תּוֹשִׁ֑יעַ וְעֵינֶ֖יךָ עַל רָמִ֥ים תַּשְׁפִּֽיל

And the afflicted people you will save: but your eyes upon the haughty, you mayest bring down.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'one to save'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
עַ֥םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
עָנִ֖יpoorAdj · עָנִי (H6041)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָנִי (H6041) 'poor'.
תּוֹשִׁ֑יעַone to saveHiphil impf 2ms · יָשַׁע (H3467)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
וְעֵינֶ֖יךָand your eyesconj וְ + N com c du constr + sfx 2ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'and your eyes'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רָמִ֥יםand tallQal ptc mp · רוּם (H7311)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
תַּשְׁפִּֽילabaseHiphil impf 2ms · שָׁפֵל (H8213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁפֵל (H8213) 'abase'.
29

כִּֽי אַתָּ֥ה נֵירִ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וַיהוָ֖ה יַגִּ֥יהַּ חָשְׁכִּֽי

For you my lamp, O YHWH: and YHWH will lighten my darkness.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is '(en-) lighten'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אַתָּ֥הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
נֵירִ֖יits lampsN c · נֵר (H5216)Construct chain (genitival)נֵר (H5216) 'its lamps'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וַיהוָ֖הand YHWHconj וְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'and YHWH'.
יַגִּ֥יהַּ(en-) lightenHiphil impf 3ms · נָגַהּ (H5050)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָגַהּ (H5050) '(en-) lighten'.
חָשְׁכִּֽיdarknessN c · חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822)Construct chain (genitival)חֹשֶׁךְ (H2822) 'darkness'.
30

כִּ֥י בְכָ֖ה אָר֣וּץ גְּד֑וּד בֵּאלֹהַ֖י אֲדַלֶּג שֽׁוּר

For by you I have run through a troop: by my God have I leaped over a wall.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he ran'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בְכָ֖הinprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in'.
אָר֣וּץand he ranQal impf 1cs · רוּץ (H7323)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּץ (H7323) 'and he ran'.
גְּד֑וּדa troopN c · גְּדוּד (H1416)Construct chain (genitival)גְּדוּד (H1416) 'a troop'.
בֵּאלֹהַ֖יagainst the God ofprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 1cs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'against the God of'.
אֲדַלֶּגleapPiel impf 1cs · דָּלַג (H1801)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּלַג (H1801) 'leap'.
שֽׁוּרa wallN c · שׁוּר (H7791)Construct chain (genitival)שׁוּר (H7791) 'a wall'.
31

הָאֵ֖ל תָּמִ֣ים דַּרְכּ֑וֹ אִמְרַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ צְרוּפָ֔ה מָגֵ֣ן ה֔וּא לְכֹ֖ל הַחֹסִ֥ים בּֽוֹ

God, his way perfect; the word of YHWH tried: he a buckler to all them that trust in him.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
הָאֵ֖לthe Godart + N com m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H410) 'the God'.
תָּמִ֣יםwithout blemishAdj · תָּמִים (H8549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8549) 'without blemish'.
דַּרְכּ֑וֹhis journeyN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'his journey'.
אִמְרַ֤תmy speechN c · אִמְרָה (H565)Construct chain (genitival)אִמְרָה (H565) 'my speech'.
יְהוָה֙YHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
צְרוּפָ֔הandQal ptc fs · צָרַף (H6884)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצָרַף (H6884) 'and'.
מָגֵ֣ןthe shield ofN c · מָגֵן (H4043)Construct chain (genitival)מָגֵן (H4043) 'the shield of'.
ה֔וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
לְכֹ֖לto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
הַחֹסִ֥יםin which they took refugeart + Qal ptc mp · חָסָה (H2620)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorחָסָה (H2620) 'in which they took refuge'.
בּֽוֹin itprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
32

כִּ֥י מִי אֵ֖ל מִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וּמִ֥י צ֖וּר מִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֥י אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ

For who God, save YHWH? and who a rock, save our God?

Linked non-verbal clause
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Linked non-verbal clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מִיwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
אֵ֖לGodN c · אֵל (H410)Construct chain (genitival)אֵל (H410) 'God'.
מִבַּלְעֲדֵ֣יbesidesprep + prep · בִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107)Particle or relational elementבִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107) 'besides'.
יְהוָ֑הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּמִ֥יand whoconj וְ + interrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'and who'.
צ֖וּרrockN c · צוּר (H6697)Construct chain (genitival)צוּר (H6697) 'rock'.
מִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֥יbesidesprep + prep · בִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107)Particle or relational elementבִּלְעֲדֵי (H1107) 'besides'.
אֱלֹהֵֽינוּour GodN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'our God'.
33

הָאֵ֥ל מָעוּזִּ֖י חָ֑יִל וַיַּתֵּ֥ר תָּמִ֖ים דרכו דַּרְכִּֽי

God my strength power: and he maketh my way perfect.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'to leap'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הָאֵ֥לthe Godart + N com m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H410) 'the God'.
מָעוּזִּ֖יstrongholdN c · מָעוֹז (H4581)Construct chain (genitival)מָעוֹז (H4581) 'stronghold'.
חָ֑יִלabilityN c · חַיִל (H2428)Construct chain (genitival)חַיִל (H2428) 'ability'.
וַיַּתֵּ֥רto leapconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · נָתַר (H5425)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַר (H5425) 'to leap'.
תָּמִ֖יםwithout blemishAdj · תָּמִים (H8549)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)תָּמִים (H8549) 'without blemish'.
דרכוhis journeyN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'his journey'.
דַּרְכִּֽיmy wayN c · דֶּרֶךְ (H1870)Construct chain (genitival)דֶּרֶךְ (H1870) 'my way'.
34

מְשַׁוֶּ֥ה רגליו רַגְלַ֖י כָּאַיָּל֑וֹת וְעַ֥ל בָּמוֹתַ֖י יַעֲמִדֵֽנִי

He maketh my feet like hinds' : and setteth me upon my high places.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'avail'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מְשַׁוֶּ֥הavailPiel ptc ms · שָׁוָה (H7737)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׁוָה (H7737) 'avail'.
רגליוhis feetN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'his feet'.
רַגְלַ֖יthe feet ofN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'the feet of'.
כָּאַיָּל֑וֹתa doeprep + art + N com f pl abs · אַיָּלָה (H355)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַיָּלָה (H355) 'a doe'.
וְעַ֥לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
בָּמוֹתַ֖יtheir high placesN c · בָּמָה (H1116)Construct chain (genitival)בָּמָה (H1116) 'their high places'.
יַעֲמִדֵֽנִיstandingHiphil impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָמַד (H5975) 'standing'.
35

מְלַמֵּ֥ד יָדַ֖י לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְנִחַ֥ת קֶֽשֶׁת נְחוּשָׁ֖ה זְרֹעֹתָֽי

He teacheth my hands to war; so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'am teaching'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
מְלַמֵּ֥דam teachingPiel ptc ms · לִמַּד (H3925)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלִמַּד (H3925) 'am teaching'.
יָדַ֖יmy handN c · יָד (H3027)Construct chain (genitival)יָד (H3027) 'my hand'.
לַמִּלְחָמָ֑הfor battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'for battle'.
וְנִחַ֥תbe brokenconj וְ + Piel q 3ms · נָחַת (H5181)Particle or relational elementנָחַת (H5181) 'be broken'.
קֶֽשֶׁתa bowN c · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Construct chain (genitival)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'a bow'.
נְחוּשָׁ֖הlike bronzeN c · נְחוּשָׁה (H5154)Construct chain (genitival)נְחוּשָׁה (H5154) 'like bronze'.
זְרֹעֹתָֽיthe shoulderN c · זְרוֹעַ (H2220)Construct chain (genitival)זְרוֹעַ (H2220) 'the shoulder'.
36

וַתִּתֶּן לִ֖י מָגֵ֣ן יִשְׁעֶ֑ךָ וַעֲנֹתְךָ֖ תַּרְבֵּֽנִי

You have also given me the shield of your salvation: and your gentleness has made me great.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and she gave'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַתִּתֶּןand she gaveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'and she gave'.
לִ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
מָגֵ֣ןthe shield ofN c · מָגֵן (H4043)Construct chain (genitival)מָגֵן (H4043) 'the shield of'.
יִשְׁעֶ֑ךָsafetyN c · יֶשַׁע (H3468)Construct chain (genitival)יֶשַׁע (H3468) 'safety'.
וַעֲנֹתְךָ֖and you shall afflictconj וְ + Qal inf constr + sfx 2ms · עָנָה (H6031)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָנָה (H6031) 'and you shall afflict'.
תַּרְבֵּֽנִיand multiplyHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · רָבָה (H7235)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָבָה (H7235) 'and multiply'.
37

תַּרְחִ֥יב צַעֲדִ֖י תַּחְתֵּ֑נִי וְלֹ֥א מָעֲד֖וּ קַרְסֻלָּֽי

You have enlarged my steps under me; so that my feet did not slip.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he enlarges'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
תַּרְחִ֥יבhe enlargesHiphil impf 2ms · רָחַב (H7337)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָחַב (H7337) 'he enlarges'.
צַעֲדִ֖יpaceN c · צַעַד (H6806)Construct chain (genitival)צַעַד (H6806) 'pace'.
תַּחְתֵּ֑נִיunderprep + sfx 1cs · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
מָעֲד֖וּmake to shakeQal perf 3cp · מָעַד (H4571)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָעַד (H4571) 'make to shake'.
קַרְסֻלָּֽיfootN c · קַרְסֹל (H7166)Construct chain (genitival)קַרְסֹל (H7166) 'foot'.
38

אֶרְדְּפָ֥ה אֹיְבַ֖י וָאַשְׁמִידֵ֑ם וְלֹ֥א אָשׁ֖וּב עַד כַּלּוֹתָֽם

I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them; and turned not again until I had consumed them.

Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Weqatal / cohortative — sequential or volitional. Lead predicate is 'and they pursued'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
אֶרְדְּפָ֥הand they pursuedQal cohortative 1cs · רָדַף (H7291)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalרָדַף (H7291) 'and they pursued'.
אֹיְבַ֖יmy enemiesQal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'my enemies'.
וָאַשְׁמִידֵ֑םthat I may destroy themconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 1cs + sfx 3mp · שָׁמַד (H8045)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַד (H8045) 'that I may destroy them'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אָשׁ֖וּבI will returnQal impf 1cs · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'I will return'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
כַּלּוֹתָֽםand he finishedPiel inf constr + sfx 3mp · כָּלָה (H3615)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementכָּלָה (H3615) 'and he finished'.
39

וָאֲכַלֵּ֥ם וָאֶמְחָצֵ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יְקוּמ֑וּן וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּ תַּ֥חַת רַגְלָֽי

And I have consumed them, and wounded them, that they could not arise: yea, they are fallen under my feet.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'you shall eat'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וָאֲכַלֵּ֥םyou shall eatconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 1cs + sfx 3mp · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
וָאֶמְחָצֵ֖םI have woundedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs + sfx 3mp · מָחַץ (H4272)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָחַץ (H4272) 'I have wounded'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
יְקוּמ֑וּןthey may riseQal impf 3mp + Sn · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalקוּם (H6965) 'they may rise'.
וַֽיִּפְּל֖וּand they fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and they fell'.
תַּ֥חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
רַגְלָֽיthe feet ofN c · רֶגֶל (H7272)Construct chain (genitival)רֶגֶל (H7272) 'the feet of'.
40

וַתַּזְרֵ֥נִי חַ֖יִל לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה תַּכְרִ֥יעַ קָמַ֖י תַּחְתֵּֽנִי

For you have girded me with strength to battle: them that rose up against me have you subdued under me.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'bind (compass) about'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וַתַּזְרֵ֥נִיbind (compass) aboutconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 2ms + sfx 1cs · אָזַר (H247)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָזַר (H247) 'bind (compass) about'.
חַ֖יִלabilityN c · חַיִל (H2428)Construct chain (genitival)חַיִל (H2428) 'ability'.
לַמִּלְחָמָ֑הfor battleprep + art + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'for battle'.
תַּכְרִ֥יעַhe kneltHiphil impf 2ms · כָּרַע (H3766)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּרַע (H3766) 'he knelt'.
קָמַ֖יand he aroseQal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · קוּם (H6965)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
תַּחְתֵּֽנִיunderprep + sfx 1cs · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
41

וְאֹ֣יְבַ֔י תַּ֥תָּה לִּ֖י עֹ֑רֶף מְשַׂנְאַ֖י וָאַצְמִיתֵֽם

You have also given me the necks of mine enemies, that I might destroy them that hate me.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'your enemies'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
וְאֹ֣יְבַ֔יyour enemiesconj וְ + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
תַּ֥תָּהis givingQal perf 2ms · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָתַן (H5414) 'is giving'.
לִּ֖יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
עֹ֑רֶףneckN c · עֹרֶף (H6203)Construct chain (genitival)עֹרֶף (H6203) 'neck'.
מְשַׂנְאַ֖יhatingPiel ptc mp + sfx 1cs · שָׂנֵא (H8130)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorשָׂנֵא (H8130) 'hating'.
וָאַצְמִיתֵֽםandconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 1cs + sfx 3mp · צָמַת (H6789)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָמַת (H6789) 'and'.
42

יִשְׁע֖וּ וְאֵ֣ין מֹשִׁ֑יעַ אֶל יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א עָנָֽם

They looked, but none to save; to YHWH, but he answered them not.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'let them pay heed'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
יִשְׁע֖וּlet them pay heedQal impf 3mp · שָׁעָה (H8159)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁעָה (H8159) 'let them pay heed'.
וְאֵ֣יןand there is noconj וְ + neg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'and there is no'.
מֹשִׁ֑יעַone to saveHiphil ptc ms · יָשַׁע (H3467)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁע (H3467) 'one to save'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְלֹ֥אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
עָנָֽםand answeredQal perf 3ms + sfx 3mp · עָנָה (H6030)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָנָה (H6030) 'and answered'.
43

וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם כַּעֲפַר אָ֑רֶץ כְּטִיט חוּצ֥וֹת אֲדִקֵּ֖ם אֶרְקָעֵֽם

Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, did spread them abroad.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and you shall pound'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖םand you shall poundconj וְ + Qal impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · שָׁחַק (H7833)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁחַק (H7833) 'and you shall pound'.
כַּעֲפַרlike the dust ofprep + N com m sg constr · עָפָר (H6083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָפָר (H6083) 'like the dust of'.
אָ֑רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
כְּטִיטas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · טִיט (H2916)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)טִיט (H2916) 'as / like'.
חוּצ֥וֹתoutsideN c · חוּץ (H2351)Construct chain (genitival)חוּץ (H2351) 'outside'.
אֲדִקֵּ֖םit was fineHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · דָּקַק (H1854)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalדָּקַק (H1854) 'it was fine'.
אֶרְקָעֵֽםand they hammered outQal impf 1cs + sfx 3mp · רָקַע (H7554)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרָקַע (H7554) 'and they hammered out'.
44

וַֽתְּפַלְּטֵ֔נִי מֵרִיבֵ֖י עַמִּ֑י תִּשְׁמְרֵ֨נִי֙ לְרֹ֣אשׁ גּוֹיִ֔ם עַ֥ם לֹא יָדַ֖עְתִּי יַעַבְדֻֽנִי

You also have delivered me from the strivings of my people, you have kept me head of the heathen: a people I knew not shall serve me.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַֽתְּפַלְּטֵ֔נִיandconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 2ms + sfx 1cs · פָּלַט (H6403)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּלַט (H6403) 'and'.
מֵרִיבֵ֖יdisputeprep + N com c pl constr · רִיב (H7379)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רִיב (H7379) 'dispute'.
עַמִּ֑יmy peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'my people'.
תִּשְׁמְרֵ֨נִי֙and you shall keepQal impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁמַר (H8104) 'and you shall keep'.
לְרֹ֣אשׁas headprep + N com m sg constr · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'as head'.
גּוֹיִ֔םnationsN c · גּוֹי (H1471)Construct chain (genitival)גּוֹי (H1471) 'nations'.
עַ֥םa peopleN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'a people'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָדַ֖עְתִּיI knowQal perf 1cs · יָדַע (H3045)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָדַע (H3045) 'I know'.
יַעַבְדֻֽנִיto serveQal impf 3mp + sfx 1cs · עָבַד (H5647)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָבַד (H5647) 'to serve'.
45

בְּנֵ֥י נֵכָ֖ר יִתְכַּֽחֲשׁוּ לִ֑י לִשְׁמ֥וֹעַ אֹ֖זֶן יִשָּׁ֥מְעוּ לִֽי

Strangers shall submit themselves to me: as soon as they hear, they shall be obedient to me.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and they shall cringe'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
נֵכָ֖רforeignN c · נֵכָר (H5236)Construct chain (genitival)נֵכָר (H5236) 'foreign'.
יִתְכַּֽחֲשׁוּand they shall cringeHithpael impf 3mp · כָּחַשׁ (H3584)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalכָּחַשׁ (H3584) 'and they shall cringe'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
לִשְׁמ֥וֹעַand he heardprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁמַע (H8085)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and he heard'.
אֹ֖זֶןthe ear ofN c · אֹזֶן (H241)Construct chain (genitival)אֹזֶן (H241) 'the ear of'.
יִשָּׁ֥מְעוּshall hearN · שָׁמַע (H8085)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁמַע (H8085) 'shall hear'.
לִֽיto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
46

בְּנֵ֥י נֵכָ֖ר יִבֹּ֑לוּ וְיַחְגְּר֖וּ מִמִּסְגְּרוֹתָֽם

Strangers shall fade away, and they shall be afraid out of their close places.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'and he scorned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
נֵכָ֖רforeignN c · נֵכָר (H5236)Construct chain (genitival)נֵכָר (H5236) 'foreign'.
יִבֹּ֑לוּand he scornedQal impf 3mp · נָבַל (H5034)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָבַל (H5034) 'and he scorned'.
וְיַחְגְּר֖וּgirdedconj וְ + Qal impf 3mp · חָגַר (H2296)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָגַר (H2296) 'girded'.
מִמִּסְגְּרוֹתָֽםa frame/rimprep + N com f pl constr + sfx 3mp · מִסְגֶּרֶת (H4526)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִסְגֶּרֶת (H4526) 'a frame/rim'.
47

חַי יְהוָ֖ה וּבָר֣וּךְ צוּרִ֑י וְיָרֻ֕ם אֱלֹהֵ֖י צ֥וּר יִשְׁעִֽי

YHWH liveth; and blessed my rock; and exalted be the God of the rock of my salvation.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and blessed'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
חַיaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וּבָר֣וּךְand blessedconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · בֵּרַךְ (H1288)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבֵּרַךְ (H1288) 'and blessed'.
צוּרִ֑יthe rockN c · צוּר (H6697)Construct chain (genitival)צוּר (H6697) 'the rock'.
וְיָרֻ֕םand it bred wormsconj וְ + Qal jussive 3ms · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (jussive)→ Jussive: volitionalרוּם (H7311) 'and it bred worms'.
אֱלֹהֵ֖יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
צ֥וּרrockN c · צוּר (H6697)Construct chain (genitival)צוּר (H6697) 'rock'.
יִשְׁעִֽיsafetyN c · יֶשַׁע (H3468)Construct chain (genitival)יֶשַׁע (H3468) 'safety'.
48

הָאֵ֕ל הַנֹּתֵ֥ן נְקָמֹ֖ת לִ֑י וּמוֹרִ֥יד עַמִּ֖ים תַּחְתֵּֽנִי

It God that avengeth me, and that bringeth down the people under me,

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actorasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'who gives'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
הָאֵ֕לthe Godart + N com m sg abs · אֵל (H410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H410) 'the God'.
הַנֹּתֵ֥ןwho givesart + Qal ptc ms · נָתַן (H5414)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָתַן (H5414) 'who gives'.
נְקָמֹ֖תthe vengeance ofN c · נְקָמָה (H5360)Construct chain (genitival)נְקָמָה (H5360) 'the vengeance of'.
לִ֑יto meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to me'.
וּמוֹרִ֥ידand went downconj וְ + Hiphil ptc ms · יָרַד (H3381)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרַד (H3381) 'and went down'.
עַמִּ֖יםpeoplesN c · עַם (H5971)Construct chain (genitival)עַם (H5971) 'peoples'.
תַּחְתֵּֽנִיunderprep + sfx 1cs · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
49

וּמוֹצִיאִ֖י מֵאֹֽיְבָ֑י וּמִקָּמַי֙ תְּר֣וֹמְמֵ֔נִי מֵאִ֥ישׁ חֲמָסִ֖ים תַּצִּילֵֽנִי

And that bringeth me forth from mine enemies: you also have lifted me up on high above them that rose up against me: you have delivered me from the violent man.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he went out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
וּמוֹצִיאִ֖יand he went outconj וְ + Hiphil ptc ms + sfx 1cs · יָצָא (H3318)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָצָא (H3318) 'and he went out'.
מֵאֹֽיְבָ֑יyour enemiesprep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'your enemies'.
וּמִקָּמַי֙and he aroseconj וְ + prep + Qal ptc mp + sfx 1cs · קוּם (H6965)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
תְּר֣וֹמְמֵ֔נִיand tallPolel impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · רוּם (H7311)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalרוּם (H7311) 'and tall'.
מֵאִ֥ישׁfrom manprep + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'from man'.
חֲמָסִ֖יםviolenceN c · חָמָס (H2555)Construct chain (genitival)חָמָס (H2555) 'violence'.
תַּצִּילֵֽנִיhas deliveredHiphil impf 2ms + sfx 1cs · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalנָצַל (H5337) 'has delivered'.
50

עַל כֵּ֛ן אוֹדְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם וּלְשִׁמְךָ֖ אֲזַמֵּֽר

Therefore I will give thanks to you, O YHWH, among the heathen, and I will sing praises to your name.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-orientedasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'I will praise'.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
כֵּ֛ןsoadv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
אוֹדְךָ֥I will praiseHiphil impf 1cs + sfx 2ms · יָדָה (H3034)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָדָה (H3034) 'I will praise'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בַּגּוֹיִ֑םamong the nationsprep + art + N com m pl abs · גּוֹי (H1471)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גּוֹי (H1471) 'among the nations'.
וּלְשִׁמְךָ֖his nameconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · שֵׁם (H8034)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
אֲזַמֵּֽרI will make musicPiel impf 1cs · זָמַר (H2167)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalזָמַר (H2167) 'I will make music'.
51

מגדיל מִגְדּ֖וֹל יְשׁוּע֣וֹת מַלְכּ֑וֹ וְעֹֽשֶׂה חֶ֧סֶד לִמְשִׁיח֛וֹ לְדָוִ֥ד וּלְזַרְע֖וֹ עַד עוֹלָֽם

the tower of salvation for his king: and sheweth mercy to his anointed, to David, and to his seed for evermore.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'and he grew'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
מגדילand he grewHiphil ptc ms · גָּדַל (H1431)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorגָּדַל (H1431) 'and he grew'.
מִגְדּ֖וֹלMigdolN c · מִגְדֹּל (H4024)Construct chain (genitival)מִגְדֹּל (H4024) 'Migdol'.
יְשׁוּע֣וֹתhis salvationN c · יְשׁוּעָה (H3444)Construct chain (genitival)יְשׁוּעָה (H3444) 'his salvation'.
מַלְכּ֑וֹhis kingN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'his king'.
וְעֹֽשֶׂהand makeconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and make'.
חֶ֧סֶדkindnessN c · חֶסֶד (H2617)Construct chain (genitival)חֶסֶד (H2617) 'kindness'.
לִמְשִׁיח֛וֹthe anointedprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מָשִׁיחַ (H4899)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָשִׁיחַ (H4899) 'the anointed'.
לְדָוִ֥דtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
וּלְזַרְע֖וֹand for his descendantsconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · זֶרַע (H2233)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶרַע (H2233) 'and for his descendants'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
עוֹלָֽםperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.