Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Second Book of Samuel, Chapter 12שמואל ב 12

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

2 Samuel 12 (31 verses in the MT) opens: And YHWH sent Nathan to David. And he came to him, and said to him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor. The middle of the chapter continues: David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth. It closes: And he brought forth the people that therein, and put under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he to all the cities of the children of Ammon.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 2 Samuel 12 comprises 31 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-7) — And YHWH sent Nathan to David. And YHWH sent Nathan to David. And he came to him, and said to him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor. The rich had exceeding many flocks and herds: But the poor had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own meat, and. Movement II (vv. 8-14) — And I gave you your master's house, and your master's wives into your bo. And I gave you your master's house, and your master's wives into your bosom, and gave you the house of Israel and of Judah; and if too little, I would moreover have given to you such and such things. Wherefore have you despised the commandment of YHWH, to do evil in his sight? you have killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and have taken his wife your. Movement III (vv. 15-21) — And Nathan departed to his house. And Nathan departed to his house. And YHWH struck the child that Uriah's wife bare to David, and it was very sick. David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth. And the elders of his house arose, to him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them. And it. Movement IV (vv. 22-28) — And he said, While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I sai. And he said, While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I said, Who can tell YHWH will be gracious to me, that the child may live? But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me. And David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in to her, and lay with her: and she bare a. Movement V (vv. 29-31) — And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and foug. And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it. And he took their king's crown from off his head, the weight whereof a talent of gold with the precious stones: and it was on David's head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city in great abundance. And he brought forth the people that therein, and put. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיִּשְׁלַ֧ח יְהוָ֛ה אֶת נָתָ֖ן אֶל דָּוִ֑ד וַיָּבֹ֣א אֵלָ֗יו וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ שְׁנֵ֣י אֲנָשִׁ֗ים הָיוּ֙ בְּעִ֣יר אֶחָ֔ת אֶחָ֥ד עָשִׁ֖יר וְאֶחָ֥ד רָֽאשׁ

And YHWH sent Nathan to David. And he came to him, and said to him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'. Opens the chapter. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֧חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נָתָ֖ןNathanN · נָתָן (H5416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתָן (H5416) 'Nathan'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
דָּוִ֑דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיָּבֹ֣אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
אֵלָ֗יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
לוֹ֙to himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
שְׁנֵ֣יtwo ofAdj · שְׁנַיִם (H8147)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁנַיִם (H8147) 'two of'.
אֲנָשִׁ֗יםmenN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'men'.
הָיוּ֙wereQal perf 3cp · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'were'.
בְּעִ֣ירin the cityprep + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'in the city'.
אֶחָ֔תoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
אֶחָ֥דoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
עָשִׁ֖ירthe rich (one)Adj · עָשִׁיר (H6223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשִׁיר (H6223) 'the rich (one)'.
וְאֶחָ֥דand oneconj וְ + Adj c · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'and one'.
רָֽאשׁlackQal ptc ms · רוּשׁ (H7326)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּשׁ (H7326) 'lack'.
2

לְעָשִׁ֗יר הָיָ֛ה צֹ֥אן וּבָקָ֖ר הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד

The rich had exceeding many flocks and herds:

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
לְעָשִׁ֗ירthe rich (one)prep + Adj · עָשִׁיר (H6223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשִׁיר (H6223) 'the rich (one)'.
הָיָ֛הwasQal perf 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָיָה (H1961) 'was'.
צֹ֥אןflocksN c · צֹאן (H6629)Construct chain (genitival)צֹאן (H6629) 'flocks'.
וּבָקָ֖רand cattleconj וְ + N com c sg abs · בָּקָר (H1241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּקָר (H1241) 'and cattle'.
הַרְבֵּ֥הgreatlyHiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
3

וְלָרָ֣שׁ אֵֽין כֹּ֗ל כִּי֩ אִם כִּבְשָׂ֨ה אַחַ֤ת קְטַנָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָנָ֔ה וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ וְעִם בָּנָ֖יו יַחְדָּ֑ו מִפִּתּ֨וֹ תֹאכַ֜ל וּמִכֹּס֤וֹ תִשְׁתֶּה֙ וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ תִשְׁכָּ֔ב וַתְּהִי ל֖וֹ כְּבַֽת

But the poor had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own meat, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was to him as a daughter.

Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Participle — attendant circumstance or substantival actor. Lead predicate is 'lack'.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וְלָרָ֣שׁlackconj וְ + prep + art + Qal ptc ms · רוּשׁ (H7326)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּשׁ (H7326) 'lack'.
אֵֽיןthere is notneg. · אַיִן (H369)Particle or relational elementאַיִן (H369) 'there is not'.
כֹּ֗לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
כִּי֩forconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אִםifconj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'if'.
כִּבְשָׂ֨הewe lambsN c · כִּבְשָׂה (H3535)Construct chain (genitival)כִּבְשָׂה (H3535) 'ewe lambs'.
אַחַ֤תoneAdj · אֶחָד (H259)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶחָד (H259) 'one'.
קְטַנָּה֙a small thingAdj · קָטֹן (H6996)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קָטֹן (H6996) 'a small thing'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
קָנָ֔הboughtQal perf 3ms · קָנָה (H7069)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקָנָה (H7069) 'bought'.
וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָand he livedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · חָיָה (H2421)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָיָה (H2421) 'and he lived'.
וַתִּגְדַּ֥לand you have magnifiedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · גָּדַל (H1431)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceגָּדַל (H1431) 'and you have magnified'.
עִמּ֛וֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with him'.
וְעִםand withconj וְ + prep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'and with'.
בָּנָ֖יוhis sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
יַחְדָּ֑וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
מִפִּתּ֨וֹmorsel ofprep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · פַּת (H6595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פַּת (H6595) 'morsel of'.
תֹאכַ֜לyou shall eatQal impf 3fs · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָכַל (H398) 'you shall eat'.
וּמִכֹּס֤וֹthe little owlconj וְ + prep + N com f sg constr + sfx 3ms · כּוֹס (H3563)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כּוֹס (H3563) 'the little owl'.
תִשְׁתֶּה֙it drinksQal impf 3fs · שָׁתָה (H8354)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁתָה (H8354) 'it drinks'.
וּבְחֵיק֣וֹyour bosomconj וְ + prep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · חֵיק (H2436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵיק (H2436) 'your bosom'.
תִשְׁכָּ֔בshe liesQal impf 3fs · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁכַב (H7901) 'she lies'.
וַתְּהִיand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
ל֖וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
כְּבַֽתdaughter ofprep + N com f sg abs · בַּת (H1323)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּת (H1323) 'daughter of'.
4

וַיָּ֣בֹא הֵלֶךְ֮ לְאִ֣ישׁ הֶֽעָשִׁיר֒ וַיַּחְמֹ֗ל לָקַ֤חַת מִצֹּאנוֹ֙ וּמִבְּקָר֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת לָאֹרֵ֖חַ הַבָּא ל֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֗ח אֶת כִּבְשַׂת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָרָ֔אשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֔הָ לָאִ֖ישׁ הַבָּ֥א אֵלָֽיו

And there came a traveller to the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come to him; but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he came'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וַיָּ֣בֹאand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
הֵלֶךְ֮droppedN c · הֵלֶךְ (H1982)Construct chain (genitival)הֵלֶךְ (H1982) 'dropped'.
לְאִ֣ישׁto a manprep + N com m sg constr · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'to a man'.
הֶֽעָשִׁיר֒the rich (one)art + Adj · עָשִׁיר (H6223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָשִׁיר (H6223) 'the rich (one)'.
וַיַּחְמֹ֗לyou shall spareconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָמַל (H2550)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָמַל (H2550) 'you shall spare'.
לָקַ֤חַתto takeprep + Qal inf constr · לָקַח (H3947)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
מִצֹּאנוֹ֙the flockprep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · צֹאן (H6629)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צֹאן (H6629) 'the flock'.
וּמִבְּקָר֔וֹcattleconj וְ + prep + N com c sg constr + sfx 3ms · בָּקָר (H1241)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בָּקָר (H1241) 'cattle'.
לַעֲשׂ֕וֹתto doprep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'.
לָאֹרֵ֖חַtravelerprep + art + Qal ptc ms · אָרַח (H732)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַח (H732) 'traveler'.
הַבָּאcomesart + Qal ptc ms · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'comes'.
ל֑וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
וַיִּקַּ֗חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כִּבְשַׂת֙ewe lambsN c · כִּבְשָׂה (H3535)Construct chain (genitival)כִּבְשָׂה (H3535) 'ewe lambs'.
הָאִ֣ישׁthe manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'the man'.
הָרָ֔אשׁlackart + Qal ptc ms · רוּשׁ (H7326)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorרוּשׁ (H7326) 'lack'.
וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֔הָand he performed itconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and he performed it'.
לָאִ֖ישׁto a manprep + art + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'to a man'.
הַבָּ֥אcomesart + Qal ptc ms · בּוֹא (H935)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorבּוֹא (H935) 'comes'.
אֵלָֽיוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
5

וַיִּֽחַר אַ֥ף דָּוִ֛ד בָּאִ֖ישׁ מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ אֶל נָתָ֔ן חַי יְהוָ֕ה כִּ֣י בֶן מָ֔וֶת הָאִ֖ישׁ הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה זֹֽאת

And David's anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, YHWH liveth, the man that has done this shall surely die:

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and it burned'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיִּֽחַרand it burnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חָרָה (H2734)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָרָה (H2734) 'and it burned'.
אַ֥ףthe anger ofparticle · אַף (H639)Particle or relational elementאַף (H639) 'the anger of'.
דָּוִ֛דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
בָּאִ֖ישׁagainst the manprep + art + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'against the man'.
מְאֹ֑דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙and he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
נָתָ֔ןNathanN · נָתָן (H5416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתָן (H5416) 'Nathan'.
חַיaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
יְהוָ֕הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בֶןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
מָ֔וֶתthe death ofN c · מָוֶת (H4194)Construct chain (genitival)מָוֶת (H4194) 'the death of'.
הָאִ֖ישׁthe manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'the man'.
הָעֹשֶׂ֥הwho doesart + Qal ptc ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorעָשָׂה (H6213) 'who does'.
זֹֽאתthisdem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
6

וְאֶת הַכִּבְשָׂ֖ה יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם אַרְבַּעְתָּ֑יִם עֵ֗קֶב אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ אֶת הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וְעַ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא חָמָֽל

And he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'he shall pay'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הַכִּבְשָׂ֖הewe lambsart + N com f sg abs · כִּבְשָׂה (H3535)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כִּבְשָׂה (H3535) 'ewe lambs'.
יְשַׁלֵּ֣םhe shall payPiel impf 3ms · שָׁלַם (H7999)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשָׁלַם (H7999) 'he shall pay'.
אַרְבַּעְתָּ֑יִםfourfoldAdj · אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם (H706)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם (H706) 'fourfold'.
עֵ֗קֶבbecauseN c · עֵקֶב (H6118)Construct chain (genitival)עֵקֶב (H6118) 'because'.
אֲשֶׁ֤רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשָׂה֙he didQal perf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he did'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַדָּבָ֣רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
וְעַ֖לand onconj וְ + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'and on'.
אֲשֶׁ֥רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
חָמָֽלyou shall spareQal perf 3ms · חָמַל (H2550)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָמַל (H2550) 'you shall spare'.
7

וַיֹּ֧אמֶר נָתָ֛ן אֶל דָּוִ֖ד אַתָּ֣ה הָאִ֑ישׁ כֹּה אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אָנֹכִ֞י מְשַׁחְתִּ֤יךָֽ לְמֶ֨לֶךְ֙ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָנֹכִ֥י הִצַּלְתִּ֖יךָ מִיַּ֥ד שָׁאֽוּל

And Nathan said to David, You the man. Thus says YHWH God of Israel, I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you out of the hand of Saul;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיֹּ֧אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
נָתָ֛ןNathanN · נָתָן (H5416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתָן (H5416) 'Nathan'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אַתָּ֣הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
הָאִ֑ישׁthe manart + N com m sg abs · אִישׁ (H376)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִישׁ (H376) 'the man'.
כֹּהthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֨רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֜הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֱלֹהֵ֣יthe God ofN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'the God of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אָנֹכִ֞יIpron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'I'.
מְשַׁחְתִּ֤יךָֽand you shall anointQal perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · מָשַׁח (H4886)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָשַׁח (H4886) 'and you shall anoint'.
לְמֶ֨לֶךְ֙to the king ofprep + N com m sg abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'to the king of'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וְאָנֹכִ֥יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אָנֹכִי (H595)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אָנֹכִי (H595) 'and I'.
הִצַּלְתִּ֖יךָhas deliveredHiphil perf 1cs + sfx 2ms · נָצַל (H5337)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָצַל (H5337) 'has delivered'.
מִיַּ֥דfrom the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'from the hand of'.
שָׁאֽוּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
8

וָאֶתְּנָ֨ה לְךָ֜ אֶת בֵּ֣ית אֲדֹנֶ֗יךָ וְאֶת נְשֵׁ֤י אֲדֹנֶ֨יךָ֙ בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָ וָאֶתְּנָ֣ה לְךָ֔ אֶת בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וִֽיהוּדָ֑ה וְאִ֨ם מְעָ֔ט וְאֹסִ֥פָה לְּךָ֖ כָּהֵ֥נָּה וְכָהֵֽנָּה

And I gave you your master's house, and your master's wives into your bosom, and gave you the house of Israel and of Judah; and if too little, I would moreover have given to you such and such things.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and I will give'.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
וָאֶתְּנָ֨הand I will giveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs + Sh · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'and I will give'.
לְךָ֜to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
בֵּ֣יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
אֲדֹנֶ֗יךָyour masterN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'your master'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
נְשֵׁ֤יwives ofN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'wives of'.
אֲדֹנֶ֨יךָ֙your masterN c · אָדוֹן (H113)Construct chain (genitival)אָדוֹן (H113) 'your master'.
בְּחֵיקֶ֔ךָinto your bosomprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · חֵיק (H2436)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֵיק (H2436) 'into your bosom'.
וָאֶתְּנָ֣הand I will giveconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs + Sh · נָתַן (H5414)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָתַן (H5414) 'and I will give'.
לְךָ֔to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וִֽיהוּדָ֑הand Judahconj וְ + N proper · יְהוּדָה (H3063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוּדָה (H3063) 'and Judah'.
וְאִ֨םand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · אִם (H518)Particle or relational elementאִם (H518) 'and if'.
מְעָ֔טa littleN c · מְעַט (H4592)Construct chain (genitival)מְעַט (H4592) 'a little'.
וְאֹסִ֥פָהhe shall addconj וְ + Hiphil cohortative 1cs · יָסַף (H3254)Predicate verb (weqatal / cohortative)→ Weqatal/cohortative: sequential or volitionalיָסַף (H3254) 'he shall add'.
לְּךָ֖to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
כָּהֵ֥נָּהlike theseprep + pron 3fs · הֵנָּה (H2007)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵנָּה (H2007) 'like these'.
וְכָהֵֽנָּהtheyconj וְ + prep + pron 3fp · הֵנָּה (H2007)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הֵנָּה (H2007) 'they'.
9

מַדּ֜וּעַ בָּזִ֣יתָ אֶת דְּבַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ בעינו בְּעֵינַי֒ אֵ֣ת אוּרִיָּ֤ה הַֽחִתִּי֙ הִכִּ֣יתָ בַחֶ֔רֶב וְאֶ֨ת אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ לָקַ֥חְתָּ לְּךָ֖ לְאִשָּׁ֑ה וְאֹת֣וֹ הָרַ֔גְתָּ בְּחֶ֖רֶב בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן

Wherefore have you despised the commandment of YHWH, to do evil in his sight? you have killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and have taken his wife your wife, and have slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'thus despised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
מַדּ֜וּעַwhyinterrog. · מַדּוּעַ (H4069)Particle or relational elementמַדּוּעַ (H4069) 'why'.
בָּזִ֣יתָthus despisedQal perf 2ms · בָּזָה (H959)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּזָה (H959) 'thus despised'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
דְּבַ֣רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
לַעֲשׂ֣וֹתto doprep + Qal inf constr · עָשָׂה (H6213)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'.
הָרַע֮the evilart + Adj · רַע (H7451)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַע (H7451) 'the evil'.
בעינוin his eyeprep + N com c du constr + sfx 3ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in his eye'.
בְּעֵינַי֒in the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr + sfx 1cs · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'in the eyes of'.
אֵ֣ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אוּרִיָּ֤הUriahN · אוּרִיָּה (H223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוּרִיָּה (H223) 'Uriah'.
הַֽחִתִּי֙the Hittiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · חִתִּי (H2850)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִתִּי (H2850) 'the Hittite'.
הִכִּ֣יתָyou struckHiphil perf 2ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהִכָּה (H5221) 'you struck'.
בַחֶ֔רֶבwith the swordprep + art + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'with the sword'.
וְאֶ֨תand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אִשְׁתּ֔וֹhis wifeN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'his wife'.
לָקַ֥חְתָּto takeQal perf 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָקַח (H3947) 'to take'.
לְּךָ֖to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
לְאִשָּׁ֑הas a wifeprep + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'as a wife'.
וְאֹת֣וֹand himconj וְ + obj marker + sfx 3ms · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and him'.
הָרַ֔גְתָּyou killedQal perf 2ms · הָרַג (H2026)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהָרַג (H2026) 'you killed'.
בְּחֶ֖רֶבwith the swordprep + N com f sg constr · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'with the sword'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
עַמּֽוֹןAmmonN · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַמּוֹן (H5983) 'Ammon'.
10

וְעַתָּ֗ה לֹא תָס֥וּר חֶ֛רֶב מִבֵּיתְךָ֖ עַד עוֹלָ֑ם עֵ֚קֶב כִּ֣י בְזִתָ֔נִי וַתִּקַּ֗ח אֶת אֵ֨שֶׁת֙ אוּרִיָּ֣ה הַחִתִּ֔י לִהְי֥וֹת לְךָ֖ לְאִשָּֽׁה

Now therefore the sword shall never depart from your house; because you have despised me, and have taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be your wife.

Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Yiqtol — imperfective, modal, or future-oriented. Lead predicate is 'you shall turn aside'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וְעַתָּ֗הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תָס֥וּרyou shall turn asideQal impf 3fs · סוּר (H5493)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalסוּר (H5493) 'you shall turn aside'.
חֶ֛רֶבthe swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
מִבֵּיתְךָ֖the house ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
עַדuntilprep · עַד (H5704)Particle or relational elementעַד (H5704) 'until'.
עוֹלָ֑םperpetuityN c · עוֹלָם (H5769)Construct chain (genitival)עוֹלָם (H5769) 'perpetuity'.
עֵ֚קֶבbecauseN c · עֵקֶב (H6118)Construct chain (genitival)עֵקֶב (H6118) 'because'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
בְזִתָ֔נִיthus despisedQal perf 2ms + sfx 1cs · בָּזָה (H959)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּזָה (H959) 'thus despised'.
וַתִּקַּ֗חand she tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and she took'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֵ֨שֶׁת֙wife ofN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'wife of'.
אוּרִיָּ֣הUriahN · אוּרִיָּה (H223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוּרִיָּה (H223) 'Uriah'.
הַחִתִּ֔יthe Hittiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · חִתִּי (H2850)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חִתִּי (H2850) 'the Hittite'.
לִהְי֥וֹתto beprep + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'to be'.
לְךָ֖to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
לְאִשָּֽׁהas a wifeprep + N com f sg abs · אִשָּׁה (H802)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'as a wife'.
11

כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנְנִי֩ מֵקִ֨ים עָלֶ֤יךָ רָעָה֙ מִבֵּיתֶ֔ךָ וְלָקַחְתִּ֤י אֶת נָשֶׁ֨יךָ֙ לְעֵינֶ֔יךָ וְנָתַתִּ֖י לְרֵעֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁכַב֙ עִם נָשֶׁ֔יךָ לְעֵינֵ֖י הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁ הַזֹּֽאת

Thus says YHWH, Behold, I will raise up evil against you out of your own house, and I will take your wives before your eyes, and give to your neighbour, and he shall lie with your wives in the sight of this sun.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
כֹּ֣הthusart · כֹּה (H3541)Particle or relational elementכֹּה (H3541) 'thus'.
אָמַ֣רhe saidQal perf 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'he said'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הִנְנִי֩behold, Iadv. + sfx 1cs · הֵן (H2005)Particle or relational elementהֵן (H2005) 'behold, I'.
מֵקִ֨יםestablishingHiphil ptc ms · קוּם (H6965)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorקוּם (H6965) 'establishing'.
עָלֶ֤יךָupon youprep + sfx 2ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'upon you'.
רָעָה֙evilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
מִבֵּיתֶ֔ךָthe house ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 2ms · בַּיִת (H1004)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
וְלָקַחְתִּ֤יand I will takeconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · לָקַח (H3947)Particle or relational elementלָקַח (H3947) 'and I will take'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
נָשֶׁ֨יךָ֙the womanN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the woman'.
לְעֵינֶ֔יךָbefore your eyesprep + N com c du constr + sfx 2ms · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'before your eyes'.
וְנָתַתִּ֖יand I will giveconj וְ + Qal q 1cs · נָתַן (H5414)Particle or relational elementנָתַן (H5414) 'and I will give'.
לְרֵעֶ֑יךָhis neighborprep + N com m pl constr + sfx 2ms · רֵעַ (H7453)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רֵעַ (H7453) 'his neighbor'.
וְשָׁכַב֙and liesconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Particle or relational elementשָׁכַב (H7901) 'and lies'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
נָשֶׁ֔יךָthe womanN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'the woman'.
לְעֵינֵ֖יbefore the eyes ofprep + N com c du constr · עַיִן (H5869)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַיִן (H5869) 'before the eyes of'.
הַשֶּׁ֥מֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
הַזֹּֽאתthisart + dem. pron xfs · זֹאת (H2063)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֹאת (H2063) 'this'.
12

כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה עָשִׂ֣יתָ בַסָּ֑תֶר וַאֲנִ֗י אֶעֱשֶׂה֙ אֶת הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה נֶ֥גֶד כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְנֶ֥גֶד הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ

For you didst secretly: but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
kî-clause (causal, recitative, or evidential). Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'you have done'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אַתָּ֖הyoupron 2ms · אַתָּה (H859)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַתָּה (H859) 'you'.
עָשִׂ֣יתָyou have doneQal perf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'you have done'.
בַסָּ֑תֶרin secretprep + art + N com m sg abs · סֵתֶר (H5643)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סֵתֶר (H5643) 'in secret'.
וַאֲנִ֗יand Iconj וְ + pron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'and I'.
אֶעֱשֶׂה֙I will doQal impf 1cs · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'I will do'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַדָּבָ֣רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
הַזֶּ֔הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
נֶ֥גֶדbeforeprep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'before'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וְנֶ֥גֶדat a distanceconj וְ + prep · נֶגֶד (H5048)Particle or relational elementנֶגֶד (H5048) 'at a distance'.
הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁthe sunart + N com c sg abs · שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁמֶשׁ (H8121) 'the sun'.
13

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל נָתָ֔ן חָטָ֖אתִי לַֽיהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֨אמֶר נָתָ֜ן אֶל דָּוִ֗ד גַּם יְהוָ֛ה הֶעֱבִ֥יר חַטָּאתְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תָמֽוּת

And David said to Nathan, I have sinned against YHWH. And Nathan said to David, YHWH also has put away your sin; you shall not die.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
נָתָ֔ןNathanN · נָתָן (H5416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתָן (H5416) 'Nathan'.
חָטָ֖אתִיI have sinnedQal perf 1cs · חָטָא (H2398)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actחָטָא (H2398) 'I have sinned'.
לַֽיהוָ֑הto YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'to YHWH'.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
נָתָ֜ןNathanN · נָתָן (H5416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתָן (H5416) 'Nathan'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
דָּוִ֗דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
יְהוָ֛הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
הֶעֱבִ֥ירhe movedHiphil perf 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַר (H5674) 'he moved'.
חַטָּאתְךָ֖your purification offeringN c · חַטָּאת (H2403)Construct chain (genitival)חַטָּאת (H2403) 'your purification offering'.
לֹ֥אnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
תָמֽוּתyou shall dieQal impf 2ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'you shall die'.
14

אֶ֗פֶס כִּֽי נִאֵ֤ץ נִאַ֨צְתָּ֙ אֶת אֹיְבֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בַּדָּבָ֖ר הַזֶּ֑ה גַּ֗ם הַבֵּ֛ן הַיִּלּ֥וֹד לְךָ֖ מ֥וֹת יָמֽוּת

Howbeit, because by this deed you have given great occasion to the enemies of YHWH to blaspheme, the child also born to you shall surely die.

Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Infinitive absolute — emphasis or attendant action. Lead predicate is 'have despised'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
אֶ֗פֶסhoweverN c · אֶפֶס (H657)Construct chain (genitival)אֶפֶס (H657) 'however'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נִאֵ֤ץhave despisedPiel inf abs · נָאַץ (H5006)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionנָאַץ (H5006) 'have despised'.
נִאַ֨צְתָּ֙have despisedPiel perf 2ms · נָאַץ (H5006)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנָאַץ (H5006) 'have despised'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֹיְבֵ֣יmy enemiesQal ptc mp · אֹיֵב (H341)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאֹיֵב (H341) 'my enemies'.
יְהוָ֔הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
בַּדָּבָ֖רabout the matterprep + art + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'about the matter'.
הַזֶּ֑הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
גַּ֗םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
הַבֵּ֛ןthe sonart + N com m sg abs · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'the son'.
הַיִּלּ֥וֹדwho is bornart + Adj · יִלּוֹד (H3209)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִלּוֹד (H3209) 'who is born'.
לְךָ֖to youprep + sfx 2msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to you'.
מ֥וֹתsurelyQal inf abs · מוּת (H4191)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionמוּת (H4191) 'surely'.
יָמֽוּתhe dieQal impf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalמוּת (H4191) 'he die'.
15

וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ נָתָ֖ן אֶל בֵּית֑וֹ וַיִּגֹּ֣ף יְהוָ֗ה אֶת הַיֶּ֜לֶד אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָלְדָ֧ה אֵֽשֶׁת אוּרִיָּ֛ה לְדָוִ֖ד וַיֵּאָנַֽשׁ

And Nathan departed to his house. And YHWH struck the child that Uriah's wife bare to David, and it was very sick.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he went'.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
נָתָ֖ןNathanN · נָתָן (H5416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתָן (H5416) 'Nathan'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּית֑וֹhis houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'his house'.
וַיִּגֹּ֣ףyou be struck downconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָגַף (H5062)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָגַף (H5062) 'you be struck down'.
יְהוָ֗הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַיֶּ֜לֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
אֲשֶׁ֨רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
יָלְדָ֧הboreQal perf 3fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָלַד (H3205) 'bore'.
אֵֽשֶׁתwife ofN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'wife of'.
אוּרִיָּ֛הUriahN · אוּרִיָּה (H223)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוּרִיָּה (H223) 'Uriah'.
לְדָוִ֖דtoprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'to'.
וַיֵּאָנַֽשׁandconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָנַשׁ (H605)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָנַשׁ (H605) 'and'.
16

וַיְבַקֵּ֥שׁ דָּוִ֛ד אֶת הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּעַ֣ד הַנָּ֑עַר וַיָּ֤צָם דָּוִד֙ צ֔וֹם וּבָ֥א וְלָ֖ן וְשָׁכַ֥ב אָֽרְצָה

David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיְבַקֵּ֥שׁand he soughtconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · בִּקֵּשׁ (H1245)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבִּקֵּשׁ (H1245) 'and he sought'.
דָּוִ֛דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָאֱלֹהִ֖יםGodart + N com m pl abs · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'God'.
בְּעַ֣דthroughprep · בְּעַד (H1157)Particle or relational elementבְּעַד (H1157) 'through'.
הַנָּ֑עַרthe boyart + N com m sg abs · נַעַר (H5288)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נַעַר (H5288) 'the boy'.
וַיָּ֤צָםandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · צוּם (H6684)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצוּם (H6684) 'and'.
דָּוִד֙DavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
צ֔וֹםfastN c · צוֹם (H6685)Construct chain (genitival)צוֹם (H6685) 'fast'.
וּבָ֥אand he shall comeconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבּוֹא (H935) 'and he shall come'.
וְלָ֖ןand they lodgedconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · לוּן (H3885)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלוּן (H3885) 'and they lodged'.
וְשָׁכַ֥בand liesconj וְ + Qal perf 3ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁכַב (H7901) 'and lies'.
אָֽרְצָהto the groundN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'to the ground'.
17

וַיָּקֻ֜מוּ זִקְנֵ֤י בֵיתוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו לַהֲקִימ֖וֹ מִן הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֔ה וְלֹֽא בָרָ֥א אִתָּ֖ם לָֽחֶם

And the elders of his house arose, to him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיָּקֻ֜מוּand they aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and they arose'.
זִקְנֵ֤יthe elders ofAdj · זָקֵן (H2205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זָקֵן (H2205) 'the elders of'.
בֵיתוֹ֙his houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'his house'.
עָלָ֔יוon itprep + sfx 3ms · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
לַהֲקִימ֖וֹand he aroseprep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הָאָ֑רֶץthe landart + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וְלֹ֣אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אָבָ֔הhe was willingQal perf 3ms · אָבָה (H14)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבָה (H14) 'he was willing'.
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
בָרָ֥אchooseQal perf 3ms · בָּרָה (H1262)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actבָּרָה (H1262) 'choose'.
אִתָּ֖םwith themprep + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with them'.
לָֽחֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
18

וַיְהִ֛י בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י וַיָּ֣מָת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיִּֽרְאוּ֩ עַבְדֵ֨י דָוִ֜ד לְהַגִּ֥יד ל֣וֹ כִּי מֵ֣ת הַיֶּ֗לֶד כִּ֤י אָֽמְרוּ֙ הִנֵּה֩ בִהְי֨וֹת הַיֶּ֜לֶד חַ֗י דִּבַּ֤רְנוּ אֵלָיו֙ וְלֹא שָׁמַ֣ע בְּקוֹלֵ֔נוּ וְאֵ֨יךְ נֹאמַ֥ר אֵלָ֛יו מֵ֥ת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וְעָשָׂ֥ה רָעָֽה

And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead: for they said, Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spake to him, and he would not hearken to our voice: how will he then vex himself, if we tell him that the child is dead?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
וַיְהִ֛יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖יthe seventhart + Adj · שְׁבִיעִי (H7637)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁבִיעִי (H7637) 'the seventh'.
וַיָּ֣מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
הַיָּ֑לֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
וַיִּֽרְאוּ֩and fearconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָרֵא (H3372) 'and fear'.
עַבְדֵ֨יthe servants ofN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'the servants of'.
דָוִ֜דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לְהַגִּ֥ידto tellprep + Hiphil inf constr · נָגַד (H5046)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementנָגַד (H5046) 'to tell'.
ל֣וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
כִּיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מֵ֣תdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
הַיֶּ֗לֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָֽמְרוּ֙they saidQal perf 3cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'they said'.
הִנֵּה֩beholdadv. · הִנֵּה (H2009)Particle or relational elementהִנֵּה (H2009) 'behold'.
בִהְי֨וֹתwhen there wasprep + Qal inf constr · הָיָה (H1961)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementהָיָה (H1961) 'when there was'.
הַיֶּ֜לֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
חַ֗יaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
דִּבַּ֤רְנוּwe spokePiel perf 1cp · דִּבֶּר (H1696)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדִּבֶּר (H1696) 'we spoke'.
אֵלָיו֙to himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
וְלֹאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
שָׁמַ֣עlistenQal perf 3ms · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַע (H8085) 'listen'.
בְּקוֹלֵ֔נוּto the voice ofprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 1cp · קוֹל (H6963)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קוֹל (H6963) 'to the voice of'.
וְאֵ֨יךְand howconj וְ + interrog. · אֵיכָה (H349)Particle or relational elementאֵיכָה (H349) 'and how'.
נֹאמַ֥רshall we sayQal impf 1cp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalאָמַר (H559) 'shall we say'.
אֵלָ֛יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
מֵ֥תdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
הַיֶּ֖לֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
וְעָשָׂ֥הand makeconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Particle or relational elementעָשָׂה (H6213) 'and make'.
רָעָֽהevilN c · רַע (H7451)Construct chain (genitival)רַע (H7451) 'evil'.
19

וַיַּ֣רְא דָּוִ֗ד כִּ֤י עֲבָדָיו֙ מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁ֔ים וַיָּ֥בֶן דָּוִ֖ד כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֧ד אֶל עֲבָדָ֛יו הֲמֵ֥ת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ מֵֽת

But when David saw that his servants whispered, David perceived that the child was dead: therefore David said to his servants, Is the child dead? And they said, He is dead.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
וַיַּ֣רְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
דָּוִ֗דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
עֲבָדָיו֙his servantsN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servants'.
מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁ֔יםcharmerHithpael ptc mp · לָחַשׁ (H3907)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorלָחַשׁ (H3907) 'charmer'.
וַיָּ֥בֶןdiscerningconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בִּין (H995)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבִּין (H995) 'discerning'.
דָּוִ֖דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מֵ֣תdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
הַיָּ֑לֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
דָּוִ֧דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
עֲבָדָ֛יוhis servantsN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servants'.
הֲמֵ֥תthe one to dieinterrog. + Qal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'the one to die'.
הַיֶּ֖לֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and they said'.
מֵֽתdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
20

וַיָּקָם֩ דָּוִ֨ד מֵהָאָ֜רֶץ וַיִּרְחַ֣ץ וַיָּ֗סֶךְ וַיְחַלֵּף֙ שמלתו שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֥א בֵית יְהוָ֖ה וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל בֵּית֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁאַ֕ל וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ ל֛וֹ לֶ֖חֶם וַיֹּאכַֽל

Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed , and changed his apparel, and came into the house of YHWH, and worshipped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, they set bread before him, and he did eat.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיָּקָם֩and he aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
דָּוִ֨דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
מֵהָאָ֜רֶץthe landprep + art + N com c sg abs · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land'.
וַיִּרְחַ֣ץand he washedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָחַץ (H7364)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָחַץ (H7364) 'and he washed'.
וַיָּ֗סֶךְyou will anoint yourselfconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · סוּךְ (H5480)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסוּךְ (H5480) 'you will anoint yourself'.
וַיְחַלֵּף֙and he changedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · חָלַף (H2498)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָלַף (H2498) 'and he changed'.
שמלתוand clothingN c · שִׂמְלָה (H8071)Construct chain (genitival)שִׂמְלָה (H8071) 'and clothing'.
שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יוhis garmentsN c · שִׂמְלָה (H8071)Construct chain (genitival)שִׂמְלָה (H8071) 'his garments'.
וַיָּבֹ֥אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
בֵיתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּand he bowed downconj וְ + Hithpael wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁחָה (H7812)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחָה (H7812) 'and he bowed down'.
וַיָּבֹא֙and he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
בֵּית֔וֹhis houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'his house'.
וַיִּשְׁאַ֕לand he askedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁאַל (H7592)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁאַל (H7592) 'and he asked'.
וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּand they putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and they put'.
ל֛וֹto himprep + sfx 3msParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'to him'.
לֶ֖חֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
וַיֹּאכַֽלand he ateconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'and he ate'.
21

וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ עֲבָדָיו֙ אֵלָ֔יו מָֽה הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֑יתָה בַּעֲב֞וּר הַיֶּ֤לֶד חַי֙ צַ֣מְתָּ וַתֵּ֔בְךְּ וְכַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ מֵ֣ת הַיֶּ֔לֶד קַ֖מְתָּ וַתֹּ֥אכַל לָֽחֶם

Then said his servants to him, What thing this that you have done? you didst fast and weep for the child, alive; but when the child was dead, you didst rise and eat bread.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיֹּאמְר֤וּand they saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and they said'.
עֲבָדָיו֙his servantsN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servants'.
אֵלָ֔יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
מָֽהwhatinterrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'what'.
הַדָּבָ֥רthe wordart + N com m sg abs · דָּבָר (H1697)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the word'.
הַזֶּ֖הthisart + dem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשִׂ֑יתָהto doQal perf 2ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'to do'.
בַּעֲב֞וּרfor the sake ofprep + N com m sg constr · עָבוּר (H5668)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָבוּר (H5668) 'for the sake of'.
הַיֶּ֤לֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
חַי֙aliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
צַ֣מְתָּandQal perf 2ms · צוּם (H6684)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצוּם (H6684) 'and'.
וַתֵּ֔בְךְּand she weptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּכָה (H1058) 'and she wept'.
וְכַֽאֲשֶׁר֙and asconj וְ + prep + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and as'.
מֵ֣תdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
הַיֶּ֔לֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
קַ֖מְתָּand he aroseQal perf 2ms · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actקוּם (H6965) 'and he arose'.
וַתֹּ֥אכַלand it consumedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 2ms · אָכַל (H398)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָכַל (H398) 'and it consumed'.
לָֽחֶםbreadN c · לֶחֶם (H3899)Construct chain (genitival)לֶחֶם (H3899) 'bread'.
22

וַיֹּ֕אמֶר בְּעוֹד֙ הַיֶּ֣לֶד חַ֔י צַ֖מְתִּי וָֽאֶבְכֶּ֑ה כִּ֤י אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ מִ֣י יוֹדֵ֔עַ יחנני וְחַנַּ֥נִי יְהוָ֖ה וְחַ֥י הַיָּֽלֶד

And he said, While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I said, Who can tell YHWH will be gracious to me, that the child may live?

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
בְּעוֹד֙within yetprep + art · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'within yet'.
הַיֶּ֣לֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
חַ֔יaliveAdj · חַי (H2416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חַי (H2416) 'alive'.
צַ֖מְתִּיandQal perf 1cs · צוּם (H6684)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actצוּם (H6684) 'and'.
וָֽאֶבְכֶּ֑הand they weptconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 1cs · בָּכָה (H1058)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבָּכָה (H1058) 'and they wept'.
כִּ֤יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙I saidQal perf 1cs · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָמַר (H559) 'I said'.
מִ֣יwhointerrog. · מִי (H4310)Particle or relational elementמִי (H4310) 'who'.
יוֹדֵ֔עַshall it be knownQal ptc ms · יָדַע (H3045)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָדַע (H3045) 'shall it be known'.
יחנניpity meQal impf 3ms + sfx 1cs · חָנַן (H2603)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalחָנַן (H2603) 'pity me'.
וְחַנַּ֥נִיpity meconj וְ + Qal q 3ms + sfx 1cs · חָנַן (H2603)Particle or relational elementחָנַן (H2603) 'pity me'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
וְחַ֥יlivingconj וְ + Qal q 3ms · חַי (H2416)Particle or relational elementחַי (H2416) 'living'.
הַיָּֽלֶדthe childart + N com m sg abs · יֶלֶד (H3206)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יֶלֶד (H3206) 'the child'.
23

וְעַתָּ֣ה מֵ֗ת לָ֤מָּה זֶּה֙ אֲנִ֣י צָ֔ם הַאוּכַ֥ל לַהֲשִׁיב֖וֹ ע֑וֹד אֲנִי֙ הֹלֵ֣ךְ אֵלָ֔יו וְה֖וּא לֹֽא יָשׁ֥וּב אֵלָֽי

But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'died'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וְעַתָּ֣הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
מֵ֗תdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
לָ֤מָּהwhyprep + interrog. · מָה (H4100)Particle or relational elementמָה (H4100) 'why'.
זֶּה֙thisdem. pron xms · זֶה (H2088)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)זֶה (H2088) 'this'.
אֲנִ֣יIpron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
צָ֔םandQal ptc ms · צוּם (H6684)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorצוּם (H6684) 'and'.
הַאוּכַ֥לI am ableinterrog. + Qal impf 1cs · יָכֹל (H3201)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalיָכֹל (H3201) 'I am able'.
לַהֲשִׁיב֖וֹto restore himprep + Hiphil inf constr + sfx 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשׁוּב (H7725) 'to restore him'.
ע֑וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
אֲנִי֙Ipron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
הֹלֵ֣ךְwentQal ptc ms · הָלַךְ (H1980)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorהָלַךְ (H1980) 'went'.
אֵלָ֔יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
וְה֖וּאand heconj וְ + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'and he'.
לֹֽאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
יָשׁ֥וּבhe shall returnQal impf 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalשׁוּב (H7725) 'he shall return'.
אֵלָֽיto meprep + sfx 1cs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to me'.
24

וַיְנַחֵ֣ם דָּוִ֗ד אֵ֚ת בַּת שֶׁ֣בַע אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥א אֵלֶ֖יהָ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בֵּ֗ן ויקרא וַתִּקְרָ֤א אֶת שְׁמוֹ֙ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַיהוָ֖ה אֲהֵבֽוֹ

And David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in to her, and lay with her: and she bare a son, and he called his name Solomon: and YHWH loved him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and was comforted'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַיְנַחֵ֣םand was comfortedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · נָחַם (H5162)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָחַם (H5162) 'and was comforted'.
דָּוִ֗דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֵ֚ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
בַּתBath-shebaN · בַּת־שֶׁבַע (H1339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּת־שֶׁבַע (H1339) 'Bath-sheba'.
שֶׁ֣בַעBath-shebaAdj · בַּת־שֶׁבַע (H1339)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּת־שֶׁבַע (H1339) 'Bath-sheba'.
אִשְׁתּ֔וֹhis wifeN c · אִשָּׁה (H802)Construct chain (genitival)אִשָּׁה (H802) 'his wife'.
וַיָּבֹ֥אand he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
אֵלֶ֖יהָto herprep + sfx 3fs · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to her'.
וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣בand he layconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁכַב (H7901)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁכַב (H7901) 'and he lay'.
עִמָּ֑הּwith herprep + sfx 3fs · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with her'.
וַתֵּ֣לֶדand she boreconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · יָלַד (H3205)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָלַד (H3205) 'and she bore'.
בֵּ֗ןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
ויקראand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
וַתִּקְרָ֤אand she calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and she called'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
שְׁמוֹ֙his nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
שְׁלֹמֹ֔הSolomonN · שְׁלֹמֹה (H8010)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שְׁלֹמֹה (H8010) 'Solomon'.
וַיהוָ֖הand YHWHconj וְ + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'and YHWH'.
אֲהֵבֽוֹloves himQal perf 3ms + sfx 3ms · אָהַב (H157)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָהַב (H157) 'loves him'.
25

וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח בְּיַד֙ נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֔יא וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת שְׁמ֖וֹ יְדִ֣ידְיָ֑הּ בַּעֲב֖וּר יְהוָֽה

And he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet; and he called his name Jedidiah, because of YHWH.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֗חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
בְּיַד֙by the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
נָתָ֣ןNathanN · נָתָן (H5416)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָתָן (H5416) 'Nathan'.
הַנָּבִ֔יאthe prophetart + N com m sg abs · נָבִיא (H5030)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)נָבִיא (H5030) 'the prophet'.
וַיִּקְרָ֥אand he calledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָרָא (H7121) 'and he called'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
שְׁמ֖וֹhis nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'his name'.
יְדִ֣ידְיָ֑הּJedidiahN · יְדִידְיָה (H3041)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְדִידְיָה (H3041) 'Jedidiah'.
בַּעֲב֖וּרfor the sake ofprep + N com m sg constr · עָבוּר (H5668)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָבוּר (H5668) 'for the sake of'.
יְהוָֽהYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
26

וַיִּלָּ֣חֶם יוֹאָ֔ב בְּרַבַּ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד אֶת עִ֥יר הַמְּלוּכָֽה

And Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he fought'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיִּלָּ֣חֶםand he foughtconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָחַם (H3898) 'and he fought'.
יוֹאָ֔בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
בְּרַבַּ֖תin Rabbah ofprep + N proper · רַבָּה (H7237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַבָּה (H7237) 'in Rabbah of'.
בְּנֵ֣יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
עַמּ֑וֹןAmmonN · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַמּוֹן (H5983) 'Ammon'.
וַיִּלְכֹּ֖דand was takenconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָכַד (H3920)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָכַד (H3920) 'and was taken'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עִ֥ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
הַמְּלוּכָֽהkingsomart + N com f sg abs · מְלוּכָה (H4410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְלוּכָה (H4410) 'kingsom'.
27

וַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח יוֹאָ֛ב מַלְאָכִ֖ים אֶל דָּוִ֑ד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ נִלְחַ֣מְתִּי בְרַבָּ֔ה גַּם לָכַ֖דְתִּי אֶת עִ֥יר הַמָּֽיִם

And Joab sent messengers to David, and said, I have fought against Rabbah, and have taken the city of waters.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he sent'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיִּשְׁלַ֥חand he sentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and he sent'.
יוֹאָ֛בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
מַלְאָכִ֖יםmessengersN c · מַלְאָךְ (H4397)Construct chain (genitival)מַלְאָךְ (H4397) 'messengers'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
דָּוִ֑דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙and he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
נִלְחַ֣מְתִּיto fightN · לָחַם (H3898)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָחַם (H3898) 'to fight'.
בְרַבָּ֔הin Rabbah ofprep + N proper · רַבָּה (H7237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַבָּה (H7237) 'in Rabbah of'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
לָכַ֖דְתִּיand was takenQal perf 1cs · לָכַד (H3920)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actלָכַד (H3920) 'and was taken'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עִ֥ירthe city ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the city of'.
הַמָּֽיִםthe watersart + N com m pl abs · מַיִם (H4325)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַיִם (H4325) 'the waters'.
28

וְעַתָּ֗ה אֱסֹף֙ אֶת יֶ֣תֶר הָעָ֔ם וַחֲנֵ֥ה עַל הָעִ֖יר וְלָכְדָ֑הּ פֶּן אֶלְכֹּ֤ד אֲנִי֙ אֶת הָעִ֔יר וְנִקְרָ֥א שְׁמִ֖י עָלֶֽיהָ

Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it: lest I take the city, and it be called after my name.

Imperative — volitional address
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Imperative — volitional address. Lead predicate is 'has taken away'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וְעַתָּ֗הand nowconj וְ + art · עַתָּה (H6258)Particle or relational elementעַתָּה (H6258) 'and now'.
אֱסֹף֙has taken awayQal impv 2ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeאָסַף (H622) 'has taken away'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יֶ֣תֶרthe remainder ofN c · יֶתֶר (H3499)Construct chain (genitival)יֶתֶר (H3499) 'the remainder of'.
הָעָ֔םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
וַחֲנֵ֥הand they encampedconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms · חָנָה (H2583)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeחָנָה (H2583) 'and they encamped'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הָעִ֖ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
וְלָכְדָ֑הּand captures itconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + sfx 3fs · לָכַד (H3920)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeלָכַד (H3920) 'and captures it'.
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
אֶלְכֹּ֤דand was takenQal impf 1cs · לָכַד (H3920)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalלָכַד (H3920) 'and was taken'.
אֲנִי֙Ipron 1cs · אֲנִי (H589)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲנִי (H589) 'I'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הָעִ֔ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
וְנִקְרָ֥אand shall be calledconj וְ + Niphal q 3ms · קָרָא (H7121)Particle or relational elementקָרָא (H7121) 'and shall be called'.
שְׁמִ֖יmy nameN c · שֵׁם (H8034)Construct chain (genitival)שֵׁם (H8034) 'my name'.
עָלֶֽיהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
29

וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף דָּוִ֛ד אֶת כָּל הָעָ֖ם וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ רַבָּ֑תָה וַיִּלָּ֥חֶם בָּ֖הּ וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּ

And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he gathered'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ףand he gatheredconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָסַף (H622)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָסַף (H622) 'and he gathered'.
דָּוִ֛דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
וַיֵּ֣לֶךְand he wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and he went'.
רַבָּ֑תָהin Rabbah ofN · רַבָּה (H7237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַבָּה (H7237) 'in Rabbah of'.
וַיִּלָּ֥חֶםand he foughtconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָחַם (H3898)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָחַם (H3898) 'and he fought'.
בָּ֖הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
וַֽיִּלְכְּדָֽהּand he captured itconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · לָכַד (H3920)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָכַד (H3920) 'and he captured it'.
30

וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת עֲטֶֽרֶת מַלְכָּם֩ מֵעַ֨ל רֹאשׁ֜וֹ וּמִשְׁקָלָ֨הּ כִּכַּ֤ר זָהָב֙ וְאֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֔ה וַתְּהִ֖י עַל רֹ֣אשׁ דָּוִ֑ד וּשְׁלַ֥ל הָעִ֛יר הוֹצִ֖יא הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד

And he took their king's crown from off his head, the weight whereof a talent of gold with the precious stones: and it was on David's head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city in great abundance.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
וַיִּקַּ֣חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עֲטֶֽרֶתthe crown ofN c · עֲטָרָה (H5850)Construct chain (genitival)עֲטָרָה (H5850) 'the crown of'.
מַלְכָּם֩king ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
מֵעַ֨לfrom uponprep + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from upon'.
רֹאשׁ֜וֹhis headN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'his head'.
וּמִשְׁקָלָ֨הּits weightconj וְ + N com m sg constr + sfx 3fs · מִשְׁקָל (H4948)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִשְׁקָל (H4948) 'its weight'.
כִּכַּ֤רtalents,N c · כִּכָּר (H3603)Construct chain (genitival)כִּכָּר (H3603) 'talents,'.
זָהָב֙goldN c · זָהָב (H2091)Construct chain (genitival)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'.
וְאֶ֣בֶןand stoneconj וְ + N com f sg abs · אֶבֶן (H68)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶבֶן (H68) 'and stone'.
יְקָרָ֔הbrightnessAdj · יָקָר (H3368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָקָר (H3368) 'brightness'.
וַתְּהִ֖יand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רֹ֣אשׁthe head ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
דָּוִ֑דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וּשְׁלַ֥לand the spoil ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שָׁלָל (H7998)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלָל (H7998) 'and the spoil of'.
הָעִ֛ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
הוֹצִ֖יאhe brought outHiphil perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'he brought out'.
הַרְבֵּ֥הgreatlyHiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
31

וְאֶת הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֣שֶׂם בַּ֠מְּגֵרָה וּבַחֲרִצֵ֨י הַבַּרְזֶ֜ל וּֽבְמַגְזְרֹ֣ת הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וְהֶעֱבִ֤יר אוֹתָם֙ במלכן בַּמַּלְבֵּ֔ן וְכֵ֣ן יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵֽי עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛ד וְכָל הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם

And he brought forth the people that therein, and put under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he to all the cities of the children of Ammon. So David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he brought out'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הָעָ֨םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בָּ֜הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
הוֹצִ֗יאhe brought outHiphil perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'he brought out'.
וַיָּ֣שֶׂםand he setconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and he set'.
בַּ֠מְּגֵרָהinprep + art + N com f sg abs · מְגֵרָה (H4050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְגֵרָה (H4050) 'in'.
וּבַחֲרִצֵ֨יcheeseconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr · חָרִיץ (H2757)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָרִיץ (H2757) 'cheese'.
הַבַּרְזֶ֜לthe ironart + N com m sg abs · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'the iron'.
וּֽבְמַגְזְרֹ֣תandconj וְ + prep + N com f pl constr · מַגְזֵרָה (H4037)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַגְזֵרָה (H4037) 'and'.
הַבַּרְזֶ֗לthe ironart + N com m sg abs · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'the iron'.
וְהֶעֱבִ֤ירare crossingconj וְ + Hiphil perf 3ms · עָבַר (H5674)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָבַר (H5674) 'are crossing'.
אוֹתָם֙themobj marker + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'them'.
במלכןinprep + art + N com m sg abs · מַלְבֵּן (H4404)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְבֵּן (H4404) 'in'.
בַּמַּלְבֵּ֔ןinprep + art + N com m sg abs · מַלְבֵּן (H4404)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְבֵּן (H4404) 'in'.
וְכֵ֣ןand soconj וְ + adv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'and so'.
יַעֲשֶׂ֔הhe shall doQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
לְכֹ֖לto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
עָרֵ֣יthe cities ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the cities of'.
בְנֵֽיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
עַמּ֑וֹןAmmonN · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַמּוֹן (H5983) 'Ammon'.
וַיָּ֧שָׁבand he returnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
דָּוִ֛דDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽםJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.