Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The First Book of Samuel, Chapter 31שמואל א 31

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

1 Samuel 31 (13 verses in the MT) opens: Now the Philistines fought against Israel: and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. The middle of the chapter continues: And when the men of Israel that on the other side of the valley, and that on the other side Jordan, saw that the men of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook the cities, and fled; and the. It closes: And they took their bones, and buried under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 1 Samuel 31 comprises 13 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Now the Philistines fought against Israel: and the men of Israel fled fr. Now the Philistines fought against Israel: and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. And the Philistines followed hard upon Saul and upon his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua, Saul's sons. And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him; and he was sore. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise upon. And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise upon his sword, and died with him. So Saul died, and his three sons, and his armourbearer, and all his men, that same day together. And when the men of Israel that on the other side of the valley, and that on the other side Jordan, saw that the men of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — And they cut off his head, and stripped off his armour, and sent into th. And they cut off his head, and stripped off his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to publish the house of their idols, and among the people. And they put his armour in the house of Ashtaroth: and they fastened his body to the wall of Bethshan. And when the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead heard of that which the Philistines had done. Movement IV (vv. 13) — And they took their bones, and buried under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted. And they took their bones, and buried under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נִלְחָמִ֣ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּנֻ֜סוּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַ

Now the Philistines fought against Israel: and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they fled'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe Philistinesconj וְ + N gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
נִלְחָמִ֣יםfightN · לָחַם (H3898)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָחַם (H3898) 'fight'.
בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'in Israel'.
וַיָּנֻ֜סוּand they fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּס (H5127) 'and they fled'.
אַנְשֵׁ֤יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
מִפְּנֵ֣יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וַיִּפְּל֥וּand they fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and they fell'.
חֲלָלִ֖יםslainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'slain'.
בְּהַ֥רon the mountainprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'on the mountain'.
הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַGilboaart + N proper · גִּלְבֹּעַ (H1533)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְבֹּעַ (H1533) 'Gilboa'.
2

וַיַּדְבְּק֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֶת שָׁא֖וּל וְאֶת בָּנָ֑יו וַיַּכּ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים אֶת יְהוֹנָתָ֧ן וְאֶת אֲבִינָדָ֛ב וְאֶת מַלְכִּי שׁ֖וּעַ בְּנֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל

And the Philistines followed hard upon Saul and upon his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua, Saul's sons.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'you shall cling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיַּדְבְּק֣וּyou shall clingconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · דָּבַק (H1692)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדָּבַק (H1692) 'you shall cling'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
שָׁא֖וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
בָּנָ֑יוhis sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
וַיַּכּ֣וּand they struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and they struck'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֗יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יְהוֹנָתָ֧ןJonathan. CompareN · יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083) 'Jonathan. Compare'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אֲבִינָדָ֛בAbinadabN · אֲבִינָדָב (H41)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִינָדָב (H41) 'Abinadab'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
מַלְכִּיMalchishuaN · מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ (H4444)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ (H4444) 'Malchishua'.
שׁ֖וּעַMalchishuaN · מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ (H4444)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ (H4444) 'Malchishua'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
שָׁאֽוּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
3

וַתִּכְבַּ֤ד הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ אֶל שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּמְצָאֻ֥הוּ הַמּוֹרִ֖ים אֲנָשִׁ֣ים בַּקָּ֑שֶׁת וַיָּ֥חֶל מְאֹ֖ד מֵהַמּוֹרִֽים

And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him; and he was sore wounded of the archers.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'but grew heavy'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַתִּכְבַּ֤דbut grew heavyconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּבֵד (H3513) 'but grew heavy'.
הַמִּלְחָמָה֙the warart + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'the war'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
שָׁא֔וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וַיִּמְצָאֻ֥הוּand he found himconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָצָא (H4672) 'and he found him'.
הַמּוֹרִ֖יםand to teachart + Hiphil ptc mp · יָרָה (H3384)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
אֲנָשִׁ֣יםmenN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'men'.
בַּקָּ֑שֶׁתthe bowprep + art + N com f sg abs · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'the bow'.
וַיָּ֥חֶלand he waitedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חוּל (H2342)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחוּל (H2342) 'and he waited'.
מְאֹ֖דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
מֵהַמּוֹרִֽיםand to teachprep + art + N com m pl abs · יָרָה (H3384)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
4

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁאוּל֩ לְנֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו שְׁלֹ֥ף חַרְבְּךָ֣ וְדָקְרֵ֣נִי בָ֗הּ פֶּן יָ֠בוֹאוּ הָעֲרֵלִ֨ים הָאֵ֤לֶּה וּדְקָרֻ֨נִי֙ וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ בִ֔י וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּקַּ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת הַחֶ֔רֶב וַיִּפֹּ֖ל עָלֶֽיהָ

Then said Saul to his armourbearer, Draw your sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through, and abuse me. But his armourbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. Therefore Saul took a sword, and fell upon it.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
שָׁאוּל֩ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
לְנֹשֵׂ֨אto carryprep + Qal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'to carry'.
כֵלָ֜יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
שְׁלֹ֥ףhe drew outQal impv 2ms · שָׁלַף (H8025)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁלַף (H8025) 'he drew out'.
חַרְבְּךָ֣your tool/swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'your tool/sword'.
וְדָקְרֵ֣נִיand he pierced throughconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · דָּקַר (H1856)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeדָּקַר (H1856) 'and he pierced through'.
בָ֗הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
יָ֠בוֹאוּand they cameQal impf 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
הָעֲרֵלִ֨יםam uncircumcised ofart + Adj · עָרֵל (H6189)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָרֵל (H6189) 'am uncircumcised of'.
הָאֵ֤לֶּהtheseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
וּדְקָרֻ֨נִי֙and he pierced throughconj וְ + Qal perf 3cp + sfx 1cs · דָּקַר (H1856)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּקַר (H1856) 'and he pierced through'.
וְהִתְעַלְּלוּyou shall glean it a second timeconj וְ + Hithpael perf 3cp · עָלַל (H5953)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָלַל (H5953) 'you shall glean it a second time'.
בִ֔יagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
וְלֹ֤אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אָבָה֙he was willingQal perf 3ms · אָבָה (H14)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבָה (H14) 'he was willing'.
נֹשֵׂ֣אlifts upQal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
כֵלָ֔יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָרֵ֖אhe was afraidQal perf 3ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרֵא (H3372) 'he was afraid'.
מְאֹ֑דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
וַיִּקַּ֤חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
שָׁאוּל֙ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַחֶ֔רֶבthe swordart + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
וַיִּפֹּ֖לand he fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
עָלֶֽיהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
5

וַיַּ֥רְא נֹשֵֽׂא כֵלָ֖יו כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפֹּ֥ל גַּם ה֛וּא עַל חַרְבּ֖וֹ וַיָּ֥מָת עִמּֽוֹ

And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise upon his sword, and died with him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
וַיַּ֥רְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
נֹשֵֽׂאlifts upQal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
כֵלָ֖יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מֵ֣תdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
שָׁא֑וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וַיִּפֹּ֥לand he fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
ה֛וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
חַרְבּ֖וֹhis swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'his sword'.
וַיָּ֥מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
עִמּֽוֹwith himprep + sfx 3ms · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with him'.
6

וַיָּ֣מָת שָׁא֡וּל וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָיו֩ וְנֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו גַּ֧ם כָּל אֲנָשָׁ֛יו בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא יַחְדָּֽו

So Saul died, and his three sons, and his armourbearer, and all his men, that same day together.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he died'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיָּ֣מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
שָׁא֡וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתand threeconj וְ + Adj c · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'and three'.
בָּנָיו֩his sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
וְנֹשֵׂ֨אand he shall bearconj וְ + Qal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and he shall bear'.
כֵלָ֜יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
גַּ֧םalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲנָשָׁ֛יוhis menN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'his men'.
בַּיּ֥וֹםon the dayprep + art + N com m sg abs · יוֹם (H3117)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹם (H3117) 'on the day'.
הַה֖וּאthatart + pron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'that'.
יַחְדָּֽוtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
7

וַיִּרְא֣וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר בְּעֵ֨בֶר הָעֵ֜מֶק וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כִּֽי נָ֨סוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכִי מֵ֖תוּ שָׁא֣וּל וּבָנָ֑יו וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת הֶֽעָרִים֙ וַיָּנֻ֔סוּ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיֵּֽשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶֽן

And when the men of Israel that on the other side of the valley, and that on the other side Jordan, saw that the men of Israel fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook the cities, and fled; and the Philistines came and dwelt in them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
וַיִּרְא֣וּand they sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and they saw'.
אַנְשֵֽׁיthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
יִ֠שְׂרָאֵלIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בְּעֵ֨בֶרbeyondprep + N com m sg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵבֶר (H5676) 'beyond'.
הָעֵ֜מֶקthe valleyart + N com m sg abs · עֵמֶק (H6010)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵמֶק (H6010) 'the valley'.
וַאֲשֶׁ֣רand whoconj וְ + rel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'and who'.
בְּעֵ֣בֶרbeyondprep + N com m sg constr · עֵבֶר (H5676)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵבֶר (H5676) 'beyond'.
הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ןthe Jordanart + N proper · הַיַּרְדֵּן (H3383)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַיַּרְדֵּן (H3383) 'the Jordan'.
כִּֽיforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נָ֨סוּ֙fledQal perf 3cp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּס (H5127) 'fled'.
אַנְשֵׁ֣יthe men ofN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'the men of'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וְכִיand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'and if'.
מֵ֖תוּthey diedQal perf 3cp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'they died'.
שָׁא֣וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וּבָנָ֑יוand his sonsconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'and his sons'.
וַיַּעַזְב֤וּand they forsookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָזַב (H5800) 'and they forsook'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הֶֽעָרִים֙the citiesart + N com f pl abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the cities'.
וַיָּנֻ֔סוּand they fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּס (H5127) 'and they fled'.
וַיָּבֹ֣אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וַיֵּֽשְׁב֖וּand settledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and settled'.
בָּהֶֽןwith themprep + sfx 3fpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'with them'.
8

וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְפַשֵּׁ֖ט אֶת הַחֲלָלִ֑ים וַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּ אֶת שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶת שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֔יו נֹפְלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַ

And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his three sons fallen in mount Gilboa.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַֽיְהִי֙and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔תon the next dayprep + N com f sg abs · מָחֳרָת (H4283)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָחֳרָת (H4283) 'on the next day'.
וַיָּבֹ֣אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
לְפַשֵּׁ֖טand he shall take offprep + Piel inf constr · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementפָּשַׁט (H6584) 'and he shall take off'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַחֲלָלִ֑יםthe slainart + Adj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'the slain'.
וַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּand they foundconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָצָא (H4672) 'and they found'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
שָׁאוּל֙ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתthreeAdj · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'three'.
בָּנָ֔יוhis sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
נֹפְלִ֖יםfallenQal ptc mp · נָפַל (H5307)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָפַל (H5307) 'fallen'.
בְּהַ֥רon the mountainprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'on the mountain'.
הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַGilboaart + N proper · גִּלְבֹּעַ (H1533)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְבֹּעַ (H1533) 'Gilboa'.
9

וַֽיִּכְרְתוּ֙ אֶת רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַיַּפְשִׁ֖יטוּ אֶת כֵּלָ֑יו וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים סָבִ֗יב לְבַשֵּׂ֛ר בֵּ֥ית עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת הָעָֽם

And they cut off his head, and stripped off his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to publish the house of their idols, and among the people.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they cut'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַֽיִּכְרְתוּ֙and they cutconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · כָּרַת (H3772)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּרַת (H3772) 'and they cut'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
רֹאשׁ֔וֹhis headN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'his head'.
וַיַּפְשִׁ֖יטוּand they strippedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּשַׁט (H6584) 'and they stripped'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כֵּלָ֑יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּand they sentconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and they sent'.
בְאֶֽרֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
סָבִ֗יבall aroundN c · סָבִיב (H5439)Construct chain (genitival)סָבִיב (H5439) 'all around'.
לְבַשֵּׂ֛רtoprep + Piel inf constr · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖םidolN c · עָצָב (H6091)Construct chain (genitival)עָצָב (H6091) 'idol'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הָעָֽםthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
10

וַיָּשִׂ֨מוּ֙ אֶת כֵּלָ֔יו בֵּ֖ית עַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְאֶת גְּוִיָּתוֹ֙ תָּקְע֔וּ בְּחוֹמַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית שָֽׁן

And they put his armour in the house of Ashtaroth: and they fastened his body to the wall of Bethshan.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they put'.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
וַיָּשִׂ֨מוּ֙and they putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and they put'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כֵּלָ֔יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
בֵּ֖יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
עַשְׁתָּר֑וֹתin AshtarothN · עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (H6252)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (H6252) 'in Ashtaroth'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
גְּוִיָּתוֹ֙our bodiesN c · גְּוִיָּה (H1472)Construct chain (genitival)גְּוִיָּה (H1472) 'our bodies'.
תָּקְע֔וּblewQal perf 3cp · תָּקַע (H8628)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actתָּקַע (H8628) 'blew'.
בְּחוֹמַ֖תa wallprep + N com f sg constr · חוֹמָה (H2346)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'a wall'.
בֵּ֥יתBeth-N · בֵּית שְׁאָן (H1052)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית שְׁאָן (H1052) 'Beth-'.
שָֽׁן-sheanN · בֵּית שְׁאָן (H1052)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית שְׁאָן (H1052) '-shean'.
11

וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו יֹשְׁבֵ֖י יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר עָשׂ֥וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים לְשָׁאֽוּל

And when the inhabitants of Jabeshgilead heard of that which the Philistines had done to Saul;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּand they heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and they heard'.
אֵלָ֔יוto himprep + sfx 3ms · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to him'.
יֹשְׁבֵ֖יthe inhabitants ofQal ptc mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'the inhabitants of'.
יָבֵ֣ישׁJabesh-gileadN · יָבֵשׁ (H3003)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָבֵשׁ (H3003) 'Jabesh-gilead'.
גִּלְעָ֑דGileadN · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְעָד (H1568) 'Gilead'.
אֵ֛ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשׂ֥וּthey didQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
לְשָׁאֽוּלof Shaulprep + N proper · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'of Shaul'.
12

וַיָּק֜וּמוּ כָּל אִ֣ישׁ חַיִל֮ וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ כָל הַלַּיְלָה֒ וַיִּקְח֞וּ אֶת גְּוִיַּ֣ת שָׁא֗וּל וְאֵת֙ גְּוִיֹּ֣ת בָּנָ֔יו מֵחוֹמַ֖ת בֵּ֣ית שָׁ֑ן וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ יָבֵ֔שָׁה וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם שָֽׁם

All the valiant men arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons from the wall of Bethshan, and came to Jabesh, and burnt them there.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיָּק֜וּמוּand they aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and they arose'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
חַיִל֮abilityN c · חַיִל (H2428)Construct chain (genitival)חַיִל (H2428) 'ability'.
וַיֵּלְכ֣וּand they wentconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · הָלַךְ (H3212)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָלַךְ (H3212) 'and they went'.
כָלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
הַלַּיְלָה֒the nightart + N com m sg abs · לַיְלָה (H3915)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַיְלָה (H3915) 'the night'.
וַיִּקְח֞וּand they tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and they took'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
גְּוִיַּ֣תour bodiesN c · גְּוִיָּה (H1472)Construct chain (genitival)גְּוִיָּה (H1472) 'our bodies'.
שָׁא֗וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
גְּוִיֹּ֣תour bodiesN c · גְּוִיָּה (H1472)Construct chain (genitival)גְּוִיָּה (H1472) 'our bodies'.
בָּנָ֔יוhis sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
מֵחוֹמַ֖תa wallprep + N com f sg constr · חוֹמָה (H2346)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חוֹמָה (H2346) 'a wall'.
בֵּ֣יתBeth-N · בֵּית שְׁאָן (H1052)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית שְׁאָן (H1052) 'Beth-'.
שָׁ֑ן-sheanN · בֵּית שְׁאָן (H1052)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּית שְׁאָן (H1052) '-shean'.
וַיָּבֹ֣אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
יָבֵ֔שָׁהJabesh-gileadN · יָבֵשׁ (H3003)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָבֵשׁ (H3003) 'Jabesh-gilead'.
וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּand burnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׂרַף (H8313)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׂרַף (H8313) 'and burned'.
אֹתָ֖םthemobj marker + sfx 3mp · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'them'.
שָֽׁםthereart · שָׁם (H8033)Particle or relational elementשָׁם (H8033) 'there'.
13

וַיִּקְחוּ֙ אֶת עַצְמֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ תַֽחַת הָאֶ֖שֶׁל בְּיָבֵ֑שָׁה וַיָּצֻ֖מוּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים

And they took their bones, and buried under a tree at Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they took'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיִּקְחוּ֙and they tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and they took'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עַצְמֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔םon this veryN c · עֶצֶם (H6106)Construct chain (genitival)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'on this very'.
וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּand they buriedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַר (H6912) 'and they buried'.
תַֽחַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הָאֶ֖שֶׁלa tamariskart + N com m sg abs · אֵשֶׁל (H815)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵשֶׁל (H815) 'a tamarisk'.
בְּיָבֵ֑שָׁהJabesh-gileadprep + N proper + Sd · יָבֵשׁ (H3003)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָבֵשׁ (H3003) 'Jabesh-gilead'.
וַיָּצֻ֖מוּandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · צוּם (H6684)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצוּם (H6684) 'and'.
שִׁבְעַ֥תsevenAdj · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'.
יָמִֽיםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.