Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The First Book of Chronicles, Chapter 20דברי הימים א 20

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

1 Chronicles 20 (8 verses in the MT) opens: And it came to pass, that after the year was expired, at the time that kings go out , Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. But David. The middle of the chapter continues: And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff like a weaver's beam. It closes: These were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 1 Chronicles 20 comprises 8 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — And it came to pass, that after the year was expired, at the time that k. And it came to pass, that after the year was expired, at the time that kings go out , Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. But David tarried at Jerusalem. And Joab smote Rabbah, and destroyed it. And David took the crown of their king from off his head, and found it to weigh a. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jai. And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff like a weaver's beam. And yet again there was war at Gath, where was a man of stature, whose fingers and toes four and twenty, six , and six : and he also was the son of the giant. But when he defied Israel, Jonathan the. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וַיְהִ֡י לְעֵת֩ תְּשׁוּבַ֨ת הַשָּׁנָ֜ה לְעֵ֣ת צֵ֣את הַמְּלָכִ֗ים וַיִּנְהַ֣ג יוֹאָב֩ אֶת חֵ֨יל הַצָּבָ֜א וַיַּשְׁחֵ֣ת אֶת אֶ֣רֶץ בְּנֵֽי עַמּ֗וֹן וַיָּבֹא֙ וַיָּ֣צַר אֶת רַבָּ֔ה וְדָוִ֖יד יֹשֵׁ֣ב בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וַיַּ֥ךְ יוֹאָ֛ב אֶת רַבָּ֖ה וַיֶּֽהֶרְסֶֽהָ

And it came to pass, that after the year was expired, at the time that kings go out , Joab led forth the power of the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. But David tarried at Jerusalem. And Joab smote Rabbah, and destroyed it.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
וַיְהִ֡יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
לְעֵת֩at the time ofprep + N com c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time of'.
תְּשׁוּבַ֨תandN c · תְּשׁוּבָה (H8666)Construct chain (genitival)תְּשׁוּבָה (H8666) 'and'.
הַשָּׁנָ֜הthe yearart + N com f sg abs · שָׁנָה (H8141)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁנָה (H8141) 'the year'.
לְעֵ֣תat the time ofprep + N com c sg constr · עֵת (H6256)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵת (H6256) 'at the time of'.
צֵ֣אתgoing out ofQal inf constr · יָצָא (H3318)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementיָצָא (H3318) 'going out of'.
הַמְּלָכִ֗יםthe kingsart + N com m pl abs · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'the kings'.
וַיִּנְהַ֣גand he ledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָהַג (H5090)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָהַג (H5090) 'and he led'.
יוֹאָב֩JoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
חֵ֨ילarmyN c · חֵיל (H2426)Construct chain (genitival)חֵיל (H2426) 'army'.
הַצָּבָ֜אthe armyart + N com c sg abs · צָבָא (H6635)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)צָבָא (H6635) 'the army'.
וַיַּשְׁחֵ֣תto destroyconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · שָׁחַת (H7843)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁחַת (H7843) 'to destroy'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
אֶ֣רֶץthe land ofN c · אֶרֶץ (H776)Construct chain (genitival)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'the land of'.
בְּנֵֽיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
עַמּ֗וֹןAmmonN · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַמּוֹן (H5983) 'Ammon'.
וַיָּבֹא֙and he cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and he came'.
וַיָּ֣צַרharassconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · צָרַר (H6696)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצָרַר (H6696) 'harass'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
רַבָּ֔הRabbahN · רַבָּה (H7237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַבָּה (H7237) 'Rabbah'.
וְדָוִ֖ידDavidconj וְ + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
יֹשֵׁ֣בdwellingQal ptc ms · יָשַׁב (H3427)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָשַׁב (H3427) 'dwelling'.
בִּירֽוּשָׁלִָ֑םin Jerusalemprep + N proper · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'in Jerusalem'.
וַיַּ֥ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
יוֹאָ֛בJoabN · יוֹאָב (H3097)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹאָב (H3097) 'Joab'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
רַבָּ֖הRabbahN · רַבָּה (H7237)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רַבָּה (H7237) 'Rabbah'.
וַיֶּֽהֶרְסֶֽהָyou overthrowconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · הָרַס (H2040)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָרַס (H2040) 'you overthrow'.
2

וַיִּקַּ֣ח דָּוִ֣יד אֶת עֲטֶֽרֶת מַלְכָּם֩ מֵעַ֨ל רֹאשׁ֜וֹ וַֽיִּמְצָאָ֣הּ מִשְׁקַ֣ל כִּכַּר זָהָ֗ב וּבָהּ֙ אֶ֣בֶן יְקָרָ֔ה וַתְּהִ֖י עַל רֹ֣אשׁ דָּוִ֑יד וּשְׁלַ֥ל הָעִ֛יר הוֹצִ֖יא הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד

And David took the crown of their king from off his head, and found it to weigh a talent of gold, and precious stones in it; and it was set upon David's head: and he brought also exceeding much spoil out of the city.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he took'.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
וַיִּקַּ֣חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
דָּוִ֣ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עֲטֶֽרֶתthe crown ofN c · עֲטָרָה (H5850)Construct chain (genitival)עֲטָרָה (H5850) 'the crown of'.
מַלְכָּם֩king ofN c · מֶלֶךְ (H4428)Construct chain (genitival)מֶלֶךְ (H4428) 'king of'.
מֵעַ֨לfrom uponprep + prep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'from upon'.
רֹאשׁ֜וֹhis headN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'his head'.
וַֽיִּמְצָאָ֣הּand he found herconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3fs · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָצָא (H4672) 'and he found her'.
מִשְׁקַ֣לits weightN c · מִשְׁקָל (H4948)Construct chain (genitival)מִשְׁקָל (H4948) 'its weight'.
כִּכַּרtalents,N c · כִּכָּר (H3603)Construct chain (genitival)כִּכָּר (H3603) 'talents,'.
זָהָ֗בgoldN c · זָהָב (H2091)Construct chain (genitival)זָהָב (H2091) 'gold'.
וּבָהּ֙and by herconj וְ + prep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'and by her'.
אֶ֣בֶןa stoneN c · אֶבֶן (H68)Construct chain (genitival)אֶבֶן (H68) 'a stone'.
יְקָרָ֔הbrightnessAdj · יָקָר (H3368)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָקָר (H3368) 'brightness'.
וַתְּהִ֖יand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
רֹ֣אשׁthe head ofN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'the head of'.
דָּוִ֑ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וּשְׁלַ֥לand the spoil ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · שָׁלָל (H7998)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלָל (H7998) 'and the spoil of'.
הָעִ֛ירthe cityart + N com f sg abs · עִיר (H5892)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עִיר (H5892) 'the city'.
הוֹצִ֖יאhe brought outHiphil perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'he brought out'.
הַרְבֵּ֥הgreatlyHiphil inf abs · רָבָה (H7235)Infinitive absolute→ Infinitive absolute: emphasis or attendant actionרָבָה (H7235) 'greatly'.
מְאֹֽדveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
3

וְאֶת הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֨שַׂר בַּמְּגֵרָ֜ה וּבַחֲרִיצֵ֤י הַבַּרְזֶל֙ וּבַמְּגֵר֔וֹת וְכֵן֙ יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה דָוִ֔יד לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵי עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛יד וְכָל הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם

And he brought out the people that in it, and cut with saws, and with harrows of iron, and with axes. Even so dealt David with all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

Qatal — perfective or stative predicationwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'he brought out'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הָעָ֨םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בָּ֜הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
הוֹצִ֗יאhe brought outHiphil perf 3ms · יָצָא (H3318)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָצָא (H3318) 'he brought out'.
וַיָּ֨שַׂרandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שׂוּר (H7787)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׂוּר (H7787) 'and'.
בַּמְּגֵרָ֜הinprep + art + N com f sg abs · מְגֵרָה (H4050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְגֵרָה (H4050) 'in'.
וּבַחֲרִיצֵ֤יcheeseconj וְ + prep + N com m pl constr · חָרִיץ (H2757)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָרִיץ (H2757) 'cheese'.
הַבַּרְזֶל֙the ironart + N com m sg abs · בַּרְזֶל (H1270)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בַּרְזֶל (H1270) 'the iron'.
וּבַמְּגֵר֔וֹתinconj וְ + prep + art + N com f pl abs · מְגֵרָה (H4050)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְגֵרָה (H4050) 'in'.
וְכֵן֙and soconj וְ + adv. · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'and so'.
יַעֲשֶׂ֣הhe shall doQal impf 3ms · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalעָשָׂה (H6213) 'he shall do'.
דָוִ֔ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
לְכֹ֖לto allprep + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'to all'.
עָרֵ֣יthe cities ofN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'the cities of'.
בְנֵיthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
עַמּ֑וֹןAmmonN · עַמּוֹן (H5983)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַמּוֹן (H5983) 'Ammon'.
וַיָּ֧שָׁבand he returnedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · שׁוּב (H7725)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשׁוּב (H7725) 'and he returned'.
דָּוִ֛ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
הָעָ֖םthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
יְרוּשָׁלִָֽםJerusalemN · יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְרוּשָׁלִַם (H3389) 'Jerusalem'.
4

וַיְהִי֙ אַחֲרֵי כֵ֔ן וַתַּעֲמֹ֧ד מִלְחָמָ֛ה בְּגֶ֖זֶר עִם פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים אָ֣ז הִכָּ֞ה סִבְּכַ֣י הַחֻֽשָׁתִ֗י אֶת סִפַּ֛י מִילִדֵ֥י הָרְפָאִ֖ים וַיִּכָּנֵֽעוּ

And it came to pass after this, that there arose war at Gezer with the Philistines; at which time Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Sippai, of the children of the giant: and they were subdued.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיְהִי֙and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
אַחֲרֵיafterart · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
כֵ֔ןsoart · כֵּן (H3651)Particle or relational elementכֵּן (H3651) 'so'.
וַתַּעֲמֹ֧דand she ceasedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · עָמַד (H5975)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָמַד (H5975) 'and she ceased'.
מִלְחָמָ֛הwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
בְּגֶ֖זֶרin Gezerprep + N proper · גֶּזֶר (H1507)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גֶּזֶר (H1507) 'in Gezer'.
עִםwithprep · עִם (H5973)Particle or relational elementעִם (H5973) 'with'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
אָ֣זthenart · אָז (H227)Particle or relational elementאָז (H227) 'then'.
הִכָּ֞הstruckHiphil perf 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actהִכָּה (H5221) 'struck'.
סִבְּכַ֣יSibbecaiN · סִבְּכַי (H5444)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִבְּכַי (H5444) 'Sibbecai'.
הַחֻֽשָׁתִ֗יHushathiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · חֻשָׁתִי (H2843)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֻשָׁתִי (H2843) 'Hushathite'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
סִפַּ֛יSippai. CompareN · סִפַּי (H5598)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)סִפַּי (H5598) 'Sippai. Compare'.
מִילִדֵ֥יone born inprep + N com m pl constr · יְלִיד (H3211)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְלִיד (H3211) 'one born in'.
הָרְפָאִ֖יםthe Rephaimart + N proper · רְפָאִים (H7497)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְפָאִים (H7497) 'the Rephaim'.
וַיִּכָּנֵֽעוּsubduedconj וְ + Niphal wayyiqtol 3mp · כָּנַע (H3665)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּנַע (H3665) 'subdued'.
5

וַתְּהִי ע֥וֹד מִלְחָמָ֖ה אֶת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּ֞ךְ אֶלְחָנָ֣ן בֶּן יעור יָעִ֗יר אֶת לַחְמִי֙ אֲחִי֙ גָּלְיָ֣ת הַגִּתִּ֔י וְעֵ֣ץ חֲנִית֔וֹ כִּמְנ֖וֹר אֹרְגִֽים

And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff like a weaver's beam.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and there was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַתְּהִיand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
ע֥וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
מִלְחָמָ֖הwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
אֶתwithprep · אֵת (H854)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H854) 'with'.
פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וַיַּ֞ךְand he struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck'.
אֶלְחָנָ֣ןElkananN · אֶלְחָנָן (H445)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶלְחָנָן (H445) 'Elkanan'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
יעורJairN · יָעוּר (H3265)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָעוּר (H3265) 'Jair'.
יָעִ֗ירJairN · יָעוּר (H3265)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָעוּר (H3265) 'Jair'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
לַחְמִי֙Lahmi. See alsoN · לַחְמִי (H3902)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לַחְמִי (H3902) 'Lahmi. See also'.
אֲחִי֙brother ofN c · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251) 'brother of'.
גָּלְיָ֣תGoliathN · גׇּלְיַת (H1555)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גׇּלְיַת (H1555) 'Goliath'.
הַגִּתִּ֔יthe Gittiteart + N gentilic m sg abs · גִּתִּי (H1663)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּתִּי (H1663) 'the Gittite'.
וְעֵ֣ץand the tree ofconj וְ + N com m sg constr · עֵץ (H6086)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵץ (H6086) 'and the tree of'.
חֲנִית֔וֹjavelinN c · חֲנִית (H2595)Construct chain (genitival)חֲנִית (H2595) 'javelin'.
כִּמְנ֖וֹרas / likeprep + N com m sg constr · מָנוֹר (H4500)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָנוֹר (H4500) 'as / like'.
אֹרְגִֽיםa weaver,Qal ptc mp · אָרַג (H707)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorאָרַג (H707) 'a weaver,'.
6

וַתְּהִי ע֥וֹד מִלְחָמָ֖ה בְּגַ֑ת וַיְהִ֣י אִ֣ישׁ מִדָּ֗ה וְאֶצְבְּעֹתָ֤יו שֵׁשׁ וָשֵׁשׁ֙ עֶשְׂרִ֣ים וְאַרְבַּ֔ע וְגַם ה֖וּא נוֹלַ֥ד לְהָרָפָֽא

And yet again there was war at Gath, where was a man of stature, whose fingers and toes four and twenty, six , and six : and he also was the son of the giant.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and there was'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַתְּהִיand there wasconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and there was'.
ע֥וֹדagainart · עוֹד (H5750)Particle or relational elementעוֹד (H5750) 'again'.
מִלְחָמָ֖הwarN c · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Construct chain (genitival)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'war'.
בְּגַ֑תin Gathprep + N proper · גַּת (H1661)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּת (H1661) 'in Gath'.
וַיְהִ֣יand it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
מִדָּ֗הmeasurementN c · מִדָּה (H4060)Construct chain (genitival)מִדָּה (H4060) 'measurement'.
וְאֶצְבְּעֹתָ֤יוwith his fingerconj וְ + N com f pl constr + sfx 3ms · אֶצְבַּע (H676)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶצְבַּע (H676) 'with his finger'.
שֵׁשׁsixAdj · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'six'.
וָשֵׁשׁ֙and sixconj וְ + Adj c · שֵׁשׁ (H8337)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֵׁשׁ (H8337) 'and six'.
עֶשְׂרִ֣יםtwentyAdj · עֶשְׂרִים (H6242)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֶשְׂרִים (H6242) 'twenty'.
וְאַרְבַּ֔עand fourconj וְ + Adj c · אַרְבַּע (H702)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אַרְבַּע (H702) 'and four'.
וְגַםand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
ה֖וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
נוֹלַ֥דand he fatheredN · יָלַד (H3205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
לְהָרָפָֽאRephaimprep + art + N gentilic m sg abs · רְפָאִים (H7497)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְפָאִים (H7497) 'Rephaim'.
7

וַיְחָרֵ֖ף אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּכֵּ֨הוּ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן בֶּן שִׁמְעָ֖א אֲחִ֥י דָוִֽיד

But when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David's brother slew him.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionwə
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'that scorned'.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
וַיְחָרֵ֖ףthat scornedconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3ms · חָרַף (H2778)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחָרַף (H2778) 'that scorned'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
וַיַּכֵּ֨הוּ֙and he struck himconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and he struck him'.
יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןJonathan. CompareN · יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוֹנָתָן (H3083) 'Jonathan. Compare'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
שִׁמְעָ֖אShimeaN · שִׁמְעָא (H8092)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שִׁמְעָא (H8092) 'Shimea'.
אֲחִ֥יbrother ofN c · אָח (H251)Construct chain (genitival)אָח (H251) 'brother of'.
דָוִֽידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
8

אֵ֛ל נוּלְּד֥וּ לְהָרָפָ֖א בְּגַ֑ת וַיִּפְּל֥וּ בְיַד דָּוִ֖יד וּבְיַד עֲבָדָֽיו

These were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential actionasyndeton
Asyndeton: no clause-level wə. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they fell'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
אֵ֛לthesedem. pron xcp · אֵל (H411)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵל (H411) 'these'.
נוּלְּד֥וּand he fatheredN · יָלַד (H3205)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָלַד (H3205) 'and he fathered'.
לְהָרָפָ֖אRephaimprep + art + N gentilic m sg abs · רְפָאִים (H7497)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)רְפָאִים (H7497) 'Rephaim'.
בְּגַ֑תin Gathprep + N proper · גַּת (H1661)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גַּת (H1661) 'in Gath'.
וַיִּפְּל֥וּand they fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and they fell'.
בְיַדby the hand ofprep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'by the hand of'.
דָּוִ֖ידDavidN · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
וּבְיַדand by a handconj וְ + prep + N com c sg constr · יָד (H3027)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָד (H3027) 'and by a hand'.
עֲבָדָֽיוhis servantsN c · עֶבֶד (H5650)Construct chain (genitival)עֶבֶד (H5650) 'his servants'.