Hebrew Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The First Book of Chronicles, Chapter 10דברי הימים א 10

Each verse opens with the running Hebrew, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case/state or parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

1 Chronicles 10 (14 verses in the MT) opens: Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. The middle of the chapter continues: And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen in mount Gilboa. It closes: And enquired not of YHWH: therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom to David the son of Jesse.

Translation & textual notes

The Hebrew base text here follows the Masoretic Text in the Leningrad tradition as represented by the Westminster Leningrad Codex / MorphHB diplomatic stream imported from OSHB; distinctively copyrighted apparatus from BHS or BHQ is not reproduced. 1 Chronicles 10 comprises 14 verses in MT order. Movement I (vv. 1-4) — Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled fr. Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa. And the Philistines followed hard after Saul, and after his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul. And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him, and he was. Movement II (vv. 5-8) — And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise on th. And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise on the sword, and died. So Saul died, and his three sons, and all his house died together. And when all the men of Israel that in the valley saw that they fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, then they forsook their cities, and fled: and the Philistines came and dwelt in them. And it. Movement III (vv. 9-12) — And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armour, and. And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings to their idols, and to the people. And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon. And when all Jabeshgilead heard all that the Philistines had done to Saul, They arose,. Movement IV (vv. 13-14) — So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against YHWH, agai. So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against YHWH, against the word of YHWH, which he kept not, and also for asking of a familiar spirit, to enquire ; And enquired not of YHWH: therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom to David the son of Jesse. Where English printed Bibles divide verses differently, this annotation follows MT versification throughout.

1

וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נִלְחֲמ֣וּ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּ֑נָס אִֽישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר גִּלְבֹּֽעַ

Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines, and fell down slain in mount Gilboa.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and fled'. Opens the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe Philistinesconj וְ + N gentilic m pl abs · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
נִלְחֲמ֣וּthey foughtN · לָחַם (H3898)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)לָחַם (H3898) 'they fought'.
בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑לin Israelprep + N proper · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'in Israel'.
וַיָּ֑נָסand fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּס (H5127) 'and fled'.
אִֽישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙IsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
מִפְּנֵ֣יbecause ofprep + N com c pl constr · פָּנִים (H6440)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פָּנִים (H6440) 'because of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וַיִּפְּל֥וּand they fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and they fell'.
חֲלָלִ֖יםslainAdj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'slain'.
בְּהַ֥רon the mountainprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'on the mountain'.
גִּלְבֹּֽעַinN · גִּלְבֹּעַ (H1533)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְבֹּעַ (H1533) 'in'.
2

וַיַּדְבְּק֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אַחֲרֵ֥י שָׁא֖וּל וְאַחֲרֵ֣י בָנָ֑יו וַיַּכּ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים אֶת יוֹנָתָ֧ן וְאֶת אֲבִינָדָ֛ב וְאֶת מַלְכִּי שׁ֖וּעַ בְּנֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל

And the Philistines followed hard after Saul, and after his sons; and the Philistines slew Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua, the sons of Saul.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'you shall cling'.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
וַיַּדְבְּק֣וּyou shall clingconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · דָּבַק (H1692)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceדָּבַק (H1692) 'you shall cling'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
אַחֲרֵ֥יafterprep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'after'.
שָׁא֖וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וְאַחֲרֵ֣יand afterconj וְ + prep · אַחַר (H310)Particle or relational elementאַחַר (H310) 'and after'.
בָנָ֑יוhis sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
וַיַּכּ֣וּand they struckconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp · הִכָּה (H5221)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהִכָּה (H5221) 'and they struck'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֗יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
יוֹנָתָ֧ןandN · יוֹנָתָן (H3129)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יוֹנָתָן (H3129) 'and'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
אֲבִינָדָ֛בAbinadabN · אֲבִינָדָב (H41)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֲבִינָדָב (H41) 'Abinadab'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
מַלְכִּיMalchishuaN · מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ (H4444)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ (H4444) 'Malchishua'.
שׁ֖וּעַMalchishuaN · מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ (H4444)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַלְכִּישׁוּעַ (H4444) 'Malchishua'.
בְּנֵ֥יthe sons ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'the sons of'.
שָׁאֽוּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
3

וַתִּכְבַּ֤ד הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ עַל שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּמְצָאֻ֖הוּ הַמּוֹרִ֣ים בַּקָּ֑שֶׁת וַיָּ֖חֶל מִן הַיּוֹרִֽים

And the battle went sore against Saul, and the archers hit him, and he was wounded of the archers.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'but grew heavy'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַתִּכְבַּ֤דbut grew heavyconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3fs · כָּבֵד (H3513)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceכָּבֵד (H3513) 'but grew heavy'.
הַמִּלְחָמָה֙the warart + N com f sg abs · מִלְחָמָה (H4421)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מִלְחָמָה (H4421) 'the war'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
שָׁא֔וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וַיִּמְצָאֻ֖הוּand he found himconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3ms · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָצָא (H4672) 'and he found him'.
הַמּוֹרִ֣יםand to teachart + Hiphil ptc mp · יָרָה (H3384)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
בַּקָּ֑שֶׁתthe bowprep + art + N com f sg abs · קֶשֶׁת (H7198)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)קֶשֶׁת (H7198) 'the bow'.
וַיָּ֖חֶלand he waitedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · חוּל (H2342)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceחוּל (H2342) 'and he waited'.
מִןfromprep · מִן (H4480)Particle or relational elementמִן (H4480) 'from'.
הַיּוֹרִֽיםand to teachart + Qal ptc mp · יָרָה (H3384)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorיָרָה (H3384) 'and to teach'.
4

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁאוּל֩ אֶל נֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו שְׁלֹ֥ף חַרְבְּךָ֣ וְדָקְרֵ֣נִי בָ֗הּ פֶּן יָבֹ֜אוּ הָעֲרֵלִ֤ים הָאֵ֨לֶּה֙ וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ בִ֔י וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּקַּ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת הַחֶ֔רֶב וַיִּפֹּ֖ל עָלֶֽיהָ

Then said Saul to his armourbearer, Draw your sword, and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and abuse me. But his armourbearer would not; for he was sore afraid. So Saul took a sword, and fell upon it.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he said'. Speech formula or quoted address.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he saidconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · אָמַר (H559)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceאָמַר (H559) 'and he said'.
שָׁאוּל֩ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
אֶלtoprep · אֶל (H413)Particle or relational elementאֶל (H413) 'to'.
נֹשֵׂ֨אlifts upQal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
כֵלָ֜יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
שְׁלֹ֥ףhe drew outQal impv 2ms · שָׁלַף (H8025)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeשָׁלַף (H8025) 'he drew out'.
חַרְבְּךָ֣your tool/swordN c · חֶרֶב (H2719)Construct chain (genitival)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'your tool/sword'.
וְדָקְרֵ֣נִיand he pierced throughconj וְ + Qal impv 2ms + sfx 1cs · דָּקַר (H1856)Predicate verb (imperative)→ Volitional: imperativeדָּקַר (H1856) 'and he pierced through'.
בָ֗הּin itprep + sfx 3fsParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in it'.
פֶּןlestconj וְ · פֶּן (H6435)Particle or relational elementפֶּן (H6435) 'lest'.
יָבֹ֜אוּshall go inQal impf 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (yiqtol)→ Yiqtol: imperfective or modalבּוֹא (H935) 'shall go in'.
הָעֲרֵלִ֤יםam uncircumcised ofart + Adj · עָרֵל (H6189)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עָרֵל (H6189) 'am uncircumcised of'.
הָאֵ֨לֶּה֙theseart + dem. pron xcp · אֵלֶּה (H428)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלֶּה (H428) 'these'.
וְהִתְעַלְּלוּyou shall glean it a second timeconj וְ + Hithpael q 3cp · עָלַל (H5953)Particle or relational elementעָלַל (H5953) 'you shall glean it a second time'.
בִ֔יagainst meprep + sfx 1csParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'against me'.
וְלֹ֤אand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
אָבָה֙he was willingQal perf 3ms · אָבָה (H14)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actאָבָה (H14) 'he was willing'.
נֹשֵׂ֣אlifts upQal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
כֵלָ֔יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
כִּ֥יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
יָרֵ֖אhe was afraidQal perf 3ms · יָרֵא (H3372)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actיָרֵא (H3372) 'he was afraid'.
מְאֹ֑דveryart · מְאֹד (H3966)Particle or relational elementמְאֹד (H3966) 'very'.
וַיִּקַּ֤חand he tookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · לָקַח (H3947)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceלָקַח (H3947) 'and he took'.
שָׁאוּל֙ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַחֶ֔רֶבthe swordart + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
וַיִּפֹּ֖לand he fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
עָלֶֽיהָon itprep + sfx 3fs · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on it'.
5

וַיַּ֥רְא נֹשֵֽׂא כֵלָ֖יו כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפֹּ֥ל גַּם ה֛וּא עַל הַחֶ֖רֶב וַיָּמֹֽת

And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead, he fell likewise on the sword, and died.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
וַיַּ֥רְאand he sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and he saw'.
נֹשֵֽׂאlifts upQal ptc ms · נָשָׂא (H5375)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָשָׂא (H5375) 'lifts up'.
כֵלָ֖יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
מֵ֣תdiedQal perf 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'died'.
שָׁא֑וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וַיִּפֹּ֥לand he fellconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · נָפַל (H5307)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָפַל (H5307) 'and he fell'.
גַּםalsoparticle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'also'.
ה֛וּאhepron 3ms · הִיא (H1931)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הִיא (H1931) 'he'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
הַחֶ֖רֶבthe swordart + N com f sg abs · חֶרֶב (H2719)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חֶרֶב (H2719) 'the sword'.
וַיָּמֹֽתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
6

וַיָּ֤מָת שָׁאוּל֙ וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֔יו וְכָל בֵּית֖וֹ יַחְדָּ֥ו מֵֽתוּ

So Saul died, and his three sons, and all his house died together.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he died'.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
וַיָּ֤מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
שָׁאוּל֙ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתand threeconj וְ + Adj c · שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁלוֹשׁ (H7969) 'and three'.
בָּנָ֔יוhis sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
וְכָלand allconj וְ + N com m sg constr · כֹּל (H3605)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)כֹּל (H3605) 'and all'.
בֵּית֖וֹhis houseN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'his house'.
יַחְדָּ֥וtogetherart · יַחְדָּו (H3162)Particle or relational elementיַחְדָּו (H3162) 'together'.
מֵֽתוּthey diedQal perf 3cp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'they died'.
7

וַ֠יִּרְאוּ כָּל אִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֲשֶׁר בָּעֵ֨מֶק֙ כִּ֣י נָ֔סוּ וְכִי מֵ֖תוּ שָׁא֣וּל וּבָנָ֑יו וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ עָרֵיהֶם֙ וַיָּנֻ֔סוּ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶֽם

And when all the men of Israel that in the valley saw that they fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, then they forsook their cities, and fled: and the Philistines came and dwelt in them.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they saw'.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
וַ֠יִּרְאוּand they sawconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · רָאָה (H7200)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceרָאָה (H7200) 'and they saw'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אִ֨ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֤לIsraelN · יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשְׂרָאֵל (H3478) 'Israel'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
בָּעֵ֨מֶק֙in the valley ofprep + art + N com m sg abs · עֵמֶק (H6010)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עֵמֶק (H6010) 'in the valley of'.
כִּ֣יforconj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'for'.
נָ֔סוּfledQal perf 3cp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actנוּס (H5127) 'fled'.
וְכִיand ifconj וְ + conj וְ · כִּי (H3588)Particle or relational elementכִּי (H3588) 'and if'.
מֵ֖תוּthey diedQal perf 3cp · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמוּת (H4191) 'they died'.
שָׁא֣וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וּבָנָ֑יוand his sonsconj וְ + N com m pl constr + sfx 3ms · בֵּן (H1121)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)בֵּן (H1121) 'and his sons'.
וַיַּעַזְב֤וּand they forsookconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · עָזַב (H5800)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceעָזַב (H5800) 'and they forsook'.
עָרֵיהֶם֙their citiesN c · עִיר (H5892)Construct chain (genitival)עִיר (H5892) 'their cities'.
וַיָּנֻ֔סוּand they fledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נוּס (H5127)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנוּס (H5127) 'and they fled'.
וַיָּבֹ֣אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּand settledconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · יָשַׁב (H3427)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceיָשַׁב (H3427) 'and settled'.
בָּהֶֽםin themprep + sfx 3mpParticle or relational elementFunction word: 'in them'.
8

וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְפַשֵּׁ֖ט אֶת הַֽחֲלָלִ֑ים וַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּ אֶת שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶת בָּנָ֔יו נֹפְלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר גִּלְבֹּֽעַ

And it came to pass on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen in mount Gilboa.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Wayyehî scene-setting or temporal hinge.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיְהִי֙and it happenedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · הָיָה (H1961)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceהָיָה (H1961) 'and it happened'.
מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔תon the next dayprep + N com f sg abs · מָחֳרָת (H4283)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מָחֳרָת (H4283) 'on the next day'.
וַיָּבֹ֣אוּand they cameconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
לְפַשֵּׁ֖טand he shall take offprep + Piel inf constr · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementפָּשַׁט (H6584) 'and he shall take off'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַֽחֲלָלִ֑יםthe slainart + Adj · חָלָל (H2491)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)חָלָל (H2491) 'the slain'.
וַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּand they foundconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · מָצָא (H4672)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמָצָא (H4672) 'and they found'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
שָׁאוּל֙ShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
בָּנָ֔יוhis sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
נֹפְלִ֖יםfallenQal ptc mp · נָפַל (H5307)Participle→ Participle: attendant circumstance or substantival actorנָפַל (H5307) 'fallen'.
בְּהַ֥רon the mountainprep + N com m sg constr · הַר (H2022)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)הַר (H2022) 'on the mountain'.
גִּלְבֹּֽעַinN · גִּלְבֹּעַ (H1533)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְבֹּעַ (H1533) 'in'.
9

וַיַּ֨פְשִׁיטֻ֔הוּ וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ אֶת רֹאשׁ֖וֹ וְאֶת כֵּלָ֑יו וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים סָבִ֗יב לְבַשֵּׂ֛ר אֶת עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת הָעָֽם

And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armour, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings to their idols, and to the people.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he shall take off'.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
וַיַּ֨פְשִׁיטֻ֔הוּand he shall take offconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3ms · פָּשַׁט (H6584)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceפָּשַׁט (H6584) 'and he shall take off'.
וַיִּשְׂא֥וּand they lifted upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and they lifted up'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
רֹאשׁ֖וֹhis headN c · רֹאשׁ (H7218)Construct chain (genitival)רֹאשׁ (H7218) 'his head'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
כֵּלָ֑יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּand they sentconj וְ + Piel wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁלַח (H7971)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁלַח (H7971) 'and they sent'.
בְאֶֽרֶץin the land ofprep + N com c sg constr · אֶרֶץ (H776)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֶרֶץ (H776) 'in the land of'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֜יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
סָבִ֗יבall aroundN c · סָבִיב (H5439)Construct chain (genitival)סָבִיב (H5439) 'all around'.
לְבַשֵּׂ֛רtoprep + Piel inf constr · בָּשַׂר (H1319)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementבָּשַׂר (H1319) 'to'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖םidolN c · עָצָב (H6091)Construct chain (genitival)עָצָב (H6091) 'idol'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
הָעָֽםthe peopleart + N com m sg abs · עַם (H5971)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)עַם (H5971) 'the people'.
10

וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ֙ אֶת כֵּלָ֔יו בֵּ֖ית אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וְאֶת גֻּלְגָּלְתּ֥וֹ תָקְע֖וּ בֵּ֥ית דָּגֽוֹן

And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they put'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ֙and they putconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שִׂים (H7760)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשִׂים (H7760) 'and they put'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כֵּלָ֔יוits vesselsN c · כְּלִי (H3627)Construct chain (genitival)כְּלִי (H3627) 'its vessels'.
בֵּ֖יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑םtheir godsN c · אֱלֹהִים (H430)Construct chain (genitival)אֱלֹהִים (H430) 'their gods'.
וְאֶתand [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
גֻּלְגָּלְתּ֥וֹby their skullsN c · גֻּלְגֹּלֶת (H1538)Construct chain (genitival)גֻּלְגֹּלֶת (H1538) 'by their skulls'.
תָקְע֖וּblewQal perf 3cp · תָּקַע (H8628)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actתָּקַע (H8628) 'blew'.
בֵּ֥יתthe house ofN c · בַּיִת (H1004)Construct chain (genitival)בַּיִת (H1004) 'the house of'.
דָּגֽוֹןDagonN · דָּגוֹן (H1712)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּגוֹן (H1712) 'Dagon'.
11

וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֔וּ כֹּ֖ל יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֵ֛ת כָּל אֲשֶׁר עָשׂ֥וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים לְשָׁאֽוּל

And when all Jabeshgilead heard all that the Philistines had done to Saul,

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they heard'.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֔וּand they heardconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · שָׁמַע (H8085)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceשָׁמַע (H8085) 'and they heard'.
כֹּ֖לallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
יָבֵ֣ישׁJabesh-gileadN · יָבֵשׁ (H3003)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָבֵשׁ (H3003) 'Jabesh-gilead'.
גִּלְעָ֑דGileadN · גִּלְעָד (H1568)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)גִּלְעָד (H1568) 'Gilead'.
אֵ֛ת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אֲשֶׁרthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
עָשׂ֥וּthey didQal perf 3cp · עָשָׂה (H6213)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actעָשָׂה (H6213) 'they did'.
פְלִשְׁתִּ֖יםthe PhilistinesN · פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)פְּלִשְׁתִּי (H6430) 'the Philistines'.
לְשָׁאֽוּלof Shaulprep + N proper · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'of Shaul'.
12

וַיָּקוּמוּ֮ כָּל אִ֣ישׁ חַיִל֒ וַיִּשְׂא֞וּ אֶת גּוּפַ֣ת שָׁא֗וּל וְאֵת֙ גּוּפֹ֣ת בָּנָ֔יו וַיְבִיא֖וּם יָבֵ֑ישָׁה וַיִּקְבְּר֨וּ אֶת עַצְמוֹתֵיהֶ֜ם תַּ֤חַת הָאֵלָה֙ בְּיָבֵ֔שׁ וַיָּצ֖וּמוּ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים

They arose, all the valiant men, and took away the body of Saul, and the bodies of his sons, and brought them to Jabesh, and buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and they arose'.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
וַיָּקוּמוּ֮and they aroseconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קוּם (H6965)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקוּם (H6965) 'and they arose'.
כָּלallN c · כֹּל (H3605)Construct chain (genitival)כֹּל (H3605) 'all'.
אִ֣ישׁa manN c · אִישׁ (H376)Construct chain (genitival)אִישׁ (H376) 'a man'.
חַיִל֒abilityN c · חַיִל (H2428)Construct chain (genitival)חַיִל (H2428) 'ability'.
וַיִּשְׂא֞וּand they lifted upconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · נָשָׂא (H5375)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceנָשָׂא (H5375) 'and they lifted up'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
גּוּפַ֣תbodyN c · גּוּפָה (H1480)Construct chain (genitival)גּוּפָה (H1480) 'body'.
שָׁא֗וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
וְאֵת֙and [obj]conj וְ + obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) 'and [obj]'.
גּוּפֹ֣תbodyN c · גּוּפָה (H1480)Construct chain (genitival)גּוּפָה (H1480) 'body'.
בָּנָ֔יוhis sonsN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'his sons'.
וַיְבִיא֖וּםand they cameconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp + sfx 3mp · בּוֹא (H935)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceבּוֹא (H935) 'and they came'.
יָבֵ֑ישָׁהJabesh-gileadN · יָבֵשׁ (H3003)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָבֵשׁ (H3003) 'Jabesh-gilead'.
וַיִּקְבְּר֨וּand they buriedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · קָבַר (H6912)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceקָבַר (H6912) 'and they buried'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
עַצְמוֹתֵיהֶ֜םthe bones ofN c · עֶצֶם (H6106)Construct chain (genitival)עֶצֶם (H6106) 'the bones of'.
תַּ֤חַתunderprep · תַּחַת (H8478)Particle or relational elementתַּחַת (H8478) 'under'.
הָאֵלָה֙the terebinthart + N com f sg abs · אֵלָה (H424)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אֵלָה (H424) 'the terebinth'.
בְּיָבֵ֔שׁJabesh-gileadprep + N proper · יָבֵשׁ (H3003)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יָבֵשׁ (H3003) 'Jabesh-gilead'.
וַיָּצ֖וּמוּandconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3mp · צוּם (H6684)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceצוּם (H6684) 'and'.
שִׁבְעַ֥תsevenAdj · שֶׁבַע (H7651)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שֶׁבַע (H7651) 'seven'.
יָמִֽיםdaysN c · יוֹם (H3117)Construct chain (genitival)יוֹם (H3117) 'days'.
13

וַיָּ֣מָת שָׁא֗וּל בְּמַֽעֲלוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָעַ֣ל בַּֽיהוָ֔ה עַל דְּבַ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹא שָׁמָ֑ר וְגַם לִשְׁא֥וֹל בָּא֖וֹב לִדְרֽוֹשׁ

So Saul died for his transgression which he committed against YHWH, against the word of YHWH, which he kept not, and also for asking of a familiar spirit, to enquire ;

Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Narrative wayyiqtol — foregrounded sequential action. Lead predicate is 'and he died'.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
וַיָּ֣מָתand he diedconj וְ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
שָׁא֗וּלShaulN · שָׁאוּל (H7586)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)שָׁאוּל (H7586) 'Shaul'.
בְּמַֽעֲלוֹ֙a breach of faithprep + N com m sg constr + sfx 3ms · מַעַל (H4604)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מַעַל (H4604) 'a breach of faith'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
מָעַ֣לcommitted treacheryQal perf 3ms · מָעַל (H4603)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actמָעַל (H4603) 'committed treachery'.
בַּֽיהוָ֔הagainst YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'against YHWH'.
עַלonprep · עַל (H5921)Particle or relational elementעַל (H5921) 'on'.
דְּבַ֥רthe matter ofN c · דָּבָר (H1697)Construct chain (genitival)דָּבָר (H1697) 'the matter of'.
יְהוָ֖הYHWHN · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'YHWH'.
אֲשֶׁ֣רthatrel. שֶׁ · אֲשֶׁר (H834)Particle or relational elementאֲשֶׁר (H834) 'that'.
לֹאnotneg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'not'.
שָׁמָ֑רkeepQal perf 3ms · שָׁמַר (H8104)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actשָׁמַר (H8104) 'keep'.
וְגַםand alsoconj וְ + particle · גַּם (H1571)Particle or relational elementגַּם (H1571) 'and also'.
לִשְׁא֥וֹלto askprep + Qal inf constr · שָׁאַל (H7592)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementשָׁאַל (H7592) 'to ask'.
בָּא֖וֹבthe mediumsprep + art + N com m sg abs · אוֹב (H178)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)אוֹב (H178) 'the mediums'.
לִדְרֽוֹשׁI will requireprep + Qal inf constr · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Infinitive construct→ Infinitive construct: purpose, result, or complementדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'I will require'.
14

וְלֹֽא דָרַ֥שׁ בַּֽיהוָ֖ה וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וַיַּסֵּב֙ אֶת הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה לְדָוִ֖יד בֶּן יִשָֽׁי

And enquired not of YHWH: therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom to David the son of Jesse.

Qatal — perfective or stative predication
wə-chaining from the preceding clause. Qatal — perfective or stative predication. Lead predicate is 'cares for'. Closes the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
וְלֹֽאand notconj וְ + neg. · לֹא (H3808)Particle or relational elementלֹא (H3808) 'and not'.
דָרַ֥שׁcares forQal perf 3ms · דָּרַשׁ (H1875)Predicate verb (qatal)→ Perfective: a completed actדָּרַשׁ (H1875) 'cares for'.
בַּֽיהוָ֖הagainst YHWHprep + N proper · יְהוָה (H3068)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יְהוָה (H3068) 'against YHWH'.
וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּand he diedconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms + sfx 3ms · מוּת (H4191)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceמוּת (H4191) 'and he died'.
וַיַּסֵּב֙and he led aroundconj וְ + Hiphil wayyiqtol 3ms · סָבַב (H5437)Predicate verb (wayyiqtol of narrative sequence)→ Wayyiqtol: foregrounded narrative advanceסָבַב (H5437) 'and he led around'.
אֶת(obj)obj marker · אֵת (H853)Particle or relational elementאֵת (H853) '(obj)'.
הַמְּלוּכָ֔הkingsomart + N com f sg abs · מְלוּכָה (H4410)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)מְלוּכָה (H4410) 'kingsom'.
לְדָוִ֖ידDavidprep + N proper · דָּוִד (H1732)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)דָּוִד (H1732) 'David'.
בֶּןson ofN c · בֵּן (H1121)Construct chain (genitival)בֵּן (H1121) 'son of'.
יִשָֽׁיJesseN · יִשַׁי (H3448)Nominal (subject, object, or apposition)יִשַׁי (H3448) 'Jesse'.